Published monthly by High Plains Underground Water Conservation District No. 1, 2930 Avenue Q, Lubbock, Texas 79405

Volume 24-No. 1 Publication number 564920, Second Class Postage paid at Lubbock, Texas January, 1978 1978 Election Results Announced The complete but unofficial results HOCKLEY COUNTY of the January 21 election held by the Committeeman-at-large High Plains Underground Water Con­ J. E. Wade servation District No. 1 revealed that Commissioner's Precinct No. Three voters re-elected three members to the Jack Earl French Board of Directors and voted 16 Coun­ ty Committeemen into office. LAMB COUNTY Elected to the Board of Directors Commissioner's Precinct No. One were: James P. Mitchell of Wolfforth, Billy J. Langford Selmer H. Schoenrock of Levelland, Commissioner's Precinct No. Four and Malvin A. Jarboe of Floydada. They Edward Fisher will again join A. W. Gober of Farwell LUBBOCK COUNTY and Ray Gerk of Hereford, who are Committeeman-at-large currently beginning the second year of Owen Gilbreath their present two-year terms. Commissioner's Precinct No. Three The only contested race in the 1978 Clifford Hilbers District election was for Director's Precinct One, involving voters in Lub­ LYNN COUNTY bock, Lynn and Crosby counties. These Commissioner's Precinct No. One returns show that the incumbent, Gary Houchin James Mitchell, defeated former Dis­ Commissioner's Precinct No. Four trict Manager Frank A. Rayner of Lub­ Freddie Kieth bock for the Director's seat. Mitchell The official canvassing of the votes was voted into office for his second will be conducted during the regular term by a count of 879 to 168, garner­ meeting of the Board on February 6, ing approximately 84 percent of the and at this time the Board will conduct ballots. During 1977 Mitchell served the installation of new officers. as Vice-President for the Board. During the 1978 election a total of A. WAYNE WYATT Selmer Schoenrock, who received 127 votes, will begin his fifth two-year 1278 votes were cast. The District term serving as Director for Precinct would like to extend our appreciation No. Two covering Cochran, Hockley to the judges who participated in the Board Appoints General Manager and Lamb counties. Schoenrock served election and to all the concerned as Secretary-Treasurer during 1977. citizens who voted. The Board of Directors of the High April 1976, to February 1977, as Direc­ The third position on the Board of Plains Underground Water Conserva­ tor of the newly created Water Impor­ Directors will be filled by Malvin Jar­ DISTRICT DIRECTORS MEET tion District No. 1 takes great pleasure tation Division. boe, who was re-elected by 70 votes to in announcing the appointment of A. Wyatt is a native of Girard in Kent his second term in office. Jarboe has The Board of Directors met in their Wayne Wyatt to the position of Gen­ County and continues to maintain agri­ served in the capacity of Director for regular monthly meeting on January eral Manager of the District. cultural interests in the area. He is the past two years representing Direc­ 10, 1978. In action concerning routine In making the announcement on married to the former Linda Barton tor's Precinct No. Five involving Floyd business, the Board approved travel January 10th, Board President A. W. who is a native of New Mexico. and Hale counties. vouchers, approved the payment of Gober stated, "We are pleased that Mr. Wyatt received his formal education outstanding bills, approved 55 applica­ County Committee Members Elected Wyatt has consented to join with us in in the Girard Public School system and tions for water well permits, and dis­ Sixteen County Committeemen were the vitally importa!:)'t task of working Texas Tech University. In his profes­ cussed the financial status of the elected from Director's Precincts One, toward so lutions to all of the many sional field, he is a member of the District. Two and Five. These men will serve West Texas water problems. His unique Austin Geological Society, Texas Water four-year terms, all to expire in Janu­ Representatives from the U.S. Bureau work background and experience will Conservation Association, West Texas ary 1982. They are : of Reclamation, Emmett Gloyna, Plan­ provide valuable assets to the District Water Institute (past member of the ning Officer from Austin, and Darrell COCHRAN COUNTY and to the Board in management and Board of Directors) and the National Mach, Regional Planning Officer from From Committeeman's Precinct east of administration". Association of State Groundwater Offi­ Amarillo, met with the District Direc­ Highway 214 Mr. Wyatt has been a consultant in cials where he served as Chairman for tors to appraise them of the status of Robert Yeary groundwater hydrology since February 1975 and 1976. the Llano Estacado Total Water Man­ Committeeman-at-large 1977, based in Austin. He began his He is author or co-author of approxi­ agement Study being conducted by the Keith Kennedy career in 1957 as a Fie ld Representative mately 20 substantial papers and pub­ Bureau. CROSBY COUNTY for the High Plains Water District. In lish ed reports. He is the senior author At two occasions during the meet­ Committeemen-at-large 1967 he resigned his position to be­ of the High Plains county-by-county ing, the Directors convened in closed Mike Carlisle and Alvin Morrison come Manager of the newly created projection series of reports. Th is series executive session to interview the re­ South Plains Underground Water Con­ of reports contains maps, charts and FLOYD COUNTY maining applicants for the position of servation District No. 4 at Brownfield, tabulations which reflect estimates of Commissioner's Precinct No. Two Manager of the High Plains Under­ Texas. Wyatt joined the Texas Water the volume of water in storage in the Charles Huffman ground Water Conservation District Development Board in 1968 where he Ogallala Aquifer and the projected de­ Commissioner's Precinct No. Four No. 1. After reconvening into open served in succession as Chief-Water pletion of the supply by decade Gilbert Fawver session at the conclusion of the meet­ Level Section, Chief - Groundwater periods th rough the year 2020. The HALE COUNTY ing, the Board announced the appoint­ Quality Monitoring Section, Chief­ reports also co ntain current an d Committeemen-at-large ment of Mr. A. Wayne Wyatt to the Groundwater Data Branch, and from continued on page 3 ... MANAGER Gaylord Groce and Bill John Hegi position effective February 1, 1978. Page 2 THE CROSS SECTION January, 1978 Z)~--Are We Prepared? How long does a farmer keep farm­ mental bankruptcy. The drought of the ing during an extended drought? Will '30's, he said, produced so much the dust ever blow again during future misery in the semi-arid Southwest " that droughts, as it did in the dirty '30's? farmers could not even think straight". Do farmers have enough know-how That unfortunate state of mind resulted about dryland farming? What is the in a lot of farmers becoming mentally A MONTHLY PUBLICATION OF THE HIGH economics of dryland farming? bankrupt long before they declared PLAINS UNDERGROUND WATER CONSERVATION DISTRICT NO. I These are important questions in that financial state. " A future drought in the semi-arid 2930 Avenue Q , Lubbock, T ex as 79405 assessing the impacts of f u t u re Telephone 762-0181 droughts and the answers may come Southwest", according to a Lubbock farmer, "will result in a majority of the D. D. SMITH, Editor from why and what happened during MISS KATHY REDEKER, Assistan t Editor earlier droughts and what agriculturists farmers having to switch from irrigated Second Class Postage Paid at Lubbock, Texas have learned from past experience, ac­ farming to dryland agriculture." District Office at Lubbock cording to Dr. Harold E. Dregne, Direc­ H. G. Barrette, an area farmer, said Don Smith ...... Geologist tor of Texas Tech University's Interna­ that producers will have to accept the D on McReynolds ...... Geologist idea of reduced yields "although more T ony Sch ertz ...... Draftsman tional Center for Arid and Semi-Arid Obble Goolsby ...... Field Representa t ive Land Studies (ICASALS). difficult than that would be the mental J . Dan Seale ...... Field Representative A represe ntative of !CASALS con­ adjustment required to stop irrigation Oscar Riemer ...... Field R epresentative pumps". Butch Bates ...... Field Representative tacted area farmers, bankers, real estate Cllfford Thompson ...... Head , P ermit Section dea lers, agronomists and agricultural According to an agricultural engineer K enneth Car ver ------·------···· Asst ., Permit Section engineers to find out what happened at Texas Tech, the switch to dryland Mrs. Norma Fite ...... Secreta r y-Bookkeeper in the past and what the future holds. farming may indicate that the South­ Miss Pennye Newberry Secr etary Area farmers obviously did not wel­ west is likely to see the Dust Bowl BOARD OF DIRECTORS come the idea of an extended drought, days a g a i n. That is speculative, Precinct 1 though, as long as the drought does (CROSBY. LUBBOCK and LYNN COUNTIES) but were willing to say that they will James P . Mitchell, Vice President ...... Wolfforth stay in the business as long as the not last for more than two or three Precinct 2 'banker ke eps banking'. That may seem years. After that, without any signifi­ (COCHRAN. HOCKLEY and LAMB COUNTIES) Hale County to be a simple relationship but it in­ cant plant residue from previous years, Selmer H . Schoenrock, Secy.-Treas . .... Levelland J . B. Mayo, Secretary vo lves the entire gamut of economics. soil erosion may start. " The drought Precinct 3 Mayo Ins., 1617 Main, Petersburg of the '3 0's lasted only for three years, " In the dust bowl days of the '30's (BAILEY, CASTRO a nd PARMER COUNTIES) Henry K veton, 197 8 ...... Route 2, P etersburg but back then it was almost impossible A. W. Gober , President ...... F a rwell this cou ntry had not recovered from Gaylord Groce, 1978 ...... RFD, Petersbur g to stop the dust from blowing once it Precinct 4 Cllnt Gregor y. Jr .. 1980 ...... Box 98 , P eter sbu rg the depression. Farmers abandoned started. Today there is equipment that (ARMSTRONG. DEAF S MITH. POTTER and Homer R oberson, 1980 ...... B ox 250, P etersburg their land in disgust and moved to R AN DALL COUNTIES! Henry Sca rborough, 1980 ...... Route 2, Petersburg can cover the land faster and help pre­ Ray Gerk H er eford areas where there was relief of any 1 1 vent excessive soil erosion", said Mar­ Precinct 5 H ockley County sort. During the drought of the S0 s, vin Dvoracek of Texas Tech. (FLOYD and H ALE COUNTIES) Jim Montgomery, Secretary however, the war was over and the J. Malvin A. Jarboe ...... F loyd ad a 609 Austin Street, Levell a nd national economy was already on the " But there is a trade off there. In J. E . Wade, 197 8 ...... Route 2, Littlefield COUNTY COMMITTEEMEN upswing which enabled farmers to some cases, in order to prevent the top Jimmy Price, 1978 ...... Route 3, Levelland Armstrong County so il from blowing away, the farmer will Billy Ray Carter, 1980 ...... Rou te 5, Levellan d keep their land and yet find jobs out­ Carroll Rogers, Secretary have to alter his land in such a way Wayside, Texas Leon Young, 1980 ...... Route 1, R opesv111 e side th e agricu ltural sector", said Dub Cor dell Mahler, 1979 ...... Wayside Robert Phillips, 1980 ...... 218 Redwood, Levelland Rushin g, a Lubbock real estate devel­ that it will affect yield", according to J ames Bible, 1979 ...... Wayside Dr. J. D. Bilbro, an agronomist at the G uy Watson , 1981 ...... W a yside Lamb County oper. Bill Heisler, 1981 ·------···-·---· W a yside The drought during the 'S O's lasted USDA Agriculture Rese arch Center in Leslie Adam s, 1981 ...... Wayside Robert Richar ds, Secretary 509 Phelps Avenue, Littlefield for about seve n years, four more than Lubbock. " But it is better to alter the Balley County B1!1 y J. Langford. 1978 ...... Box 381, Olton the drought of the '30's. But stronger land an d grow so mething than to allow Doris Wedel, Secretary H&R Block, 224 W. 2nd , Muleshoe Edwa rd Fisher, 1978 ...... Box 67, S udan economies during the 'SO's certainly the top soi l to blow away and not grow P . A. Washin gton, 1980 ...... Box 124, Sprin glake Marsh a ll H ead , 1979 ...... R t. 3, Muleshoe helped reduce the impact, Rushing almost anything at all", he explained. H a rold Layton, 1979 ...... Rt. 2, Morton J ack S tubblefield, 1980 ...... Box 397, S pade Some farmers are concerned though Eugen e Shaw, 1981 ...... Rt. 2, Mulesh oe Larry Lockwood, 1980 ...... Star Rt. 2, Little!leld emphasized. The development of irri­ David Stovall, 1981 ...... Rt. 2, Mulesh oe that it does not help for them to pro­ Ernest Ramm, 1981 ...... Rt. 2, Mulesh oe gation also played an important role Lubbock County during the 'S O's. tect their land if their neighbor does Castro County Cllfford T h om pson, Secretary Rushing distinguishes between finan­ not protect hi s; however, farmers Garnett Holland, Secr etar y 2930 A venue Q, Lubbock City H a li , 120 Jones S t., Dimmitt Dan Y ou ng, 1978 ...... 4607 W. 14 th St., Lubbock cial bankruptcy during a drought and continued on page 4 ... DROUGHT Anthon y Acker , 1979 ...... Rt. D, Nazar eth Clifford Hilber s, 1978 ...... RFD, Idalou Glen n Odom, 1979 ...... R t. 4, Box 135, D imm itt J , ,- --" - I • I J a ckie Cl ark, 1981 ...... R t. 1, Box 33, Dimmitt Don Bell, 1980 ...... Box 114, Wolfforth ...... 1 W. A. Baldridge, 1981 ...... 608 W. Grant, Dimmitt Ronald Schllling, 1980 ...... Route 1, Slaton ,l.,.,.-,. .L.. - - -J Frank Wise, 1981 ...... R t. 4, Box 10, Dim m itt Granville I go, 1980 ···-··-··-- Route 1, Shallowater Cochran County ----- W. M. Butler, Jr., Secretary Lynn County Western Abstract Co., 108 N. Main Ave., Morton Clifford Thompson, Secretary J essie Clayton, 1978 ...... 706 S. Main, Morton 2930 Avenue Q , Lubbock Robert Yeary, 1978 ...... Route 2, Morton Hershel M. Tanner, 1980, Route 2, Box 36, Morton Or ville Ma eker, 1978 ...... Route 1, Wilson Danny Key 1980 ...... Star Route 2, Morton Freddie Kieth, 1978 ·······- ··------···--······ New Home H. H . Rosson, 1980 ...... Star Rou te 2, Morton s. B. Rice, 1980 ...... Route 1, Wilson -~~- ~~ .~ ...-.- :: - ~ . Crosby County W. R. S teen, 1980 ········--·----···········- Route 2, Wilson ,;. Clifford Thom pson, Secretary Wendell Morrow, 19 80 ···-··--·-·· Route 1, Wllson -·"-~· ~ <::;:1}#~t~. 2930 Avenue Q, Lubbock ..> -- ·~ ~ - Donald Aycock, 1978 ·······-······-··-··-·············· Lorenzo Parmer County Alvin Morrison, 1978 ···-···-······-····-- Box 6, Lorenzo - - T ommy McCallis ter, 1980 ...... 209 N. Van Buren, Ken Horn, Secretary Horn Insurance Agency, Bovina Lorenzo - .J"'-.,·"!'- Edward S. Smith, 1980 ...... 102 N. Van Buren , F loyd Reeve, 1979 ...... Box 876, Friona , · ~ Lorenzo Ralph Roming, 1979 ...... 809 Ridg!ea Dr., Bovina ~ Pat Yoakum, 1980 ------Box 146, Lorenzo Troy Christian, 1981 ...... R t . 1, Farwell Dalton Caffey, 1981 ...... 15th St., Friona -~J' Deaf Smith County Ronald Elliott, 1981 ...... Rt. 3, Muleshoe B . F . Cain, Secreta ry County Courthouse, 2nd Floor, Hereford Potter County G eor ge Ritter, 1979 ------·----···---···-· Rt. 5, Hereford Bill Cleavin ge r, 1979 ...... Route 1, Wildora d o F . G. Collard, III, 1979 .... Rt. 1, Box 433 , Amarillo J a m es E . Higgins, 1981 .... 200 S tar S t., Hereford W. J . Hill, 19 79 ...... 5503 Emil, Amarillo Garla nd Solomon, 1981 .... 303 Sunset Dr., H er eford J im Line, 198 1 ...... Box 87, Bushla nd Tom R obinson, 1981 .... 211 Cherokee Dr., H er eford Albert Nich ols, 1981 ...... R t . 1, Box 491, Amarillo Weldon Rea, 1981 ...... Bushland Floyd County Randall County Verna Lynne Stewart, S ecretary Floyd Co. Abst ract, 21 5 W. California , F loydada Mrs. Louise Tompkins, Secretar y Joe cunyus, 1978 ...... Lockney Farm Bureau, 1714 Fift h Ave., Canyon Gilbert L. Fawver , 1978 ...... Rt. 4, F loyd ad a J ohn F. Robinson, 1979 ...... 1002 7th S t., Canyon C. 0. Lyles, 1980 ···-··-···---········ R oute 4, Floyd a da Bill Dugan, 1979 ...... R t . 2, Box 30, Happy Connie Bearden , 1980 ...... Route 1, Floyda da Harry LeGrand, 1981 ...... 4700 S . Bowie, Amarillo · ··=..;, M. M. Smitherman, 1980 -·-·· Silverton Star Rt., J oe Al brach t, 1981 ...... P .O. Box 81, Bushla nd Floydada Jack Brandt, 198 1 ...... R t . 1, Box 280, Canyon UGLY REMINDER-Repeated droughts, dust storms, and crop failures in the Southwest NOTICE: Information regarding times a nd places of t he monthly Coun ty Com mitt ee meeting can be reduced this once productive farm to a barren land mass during the drought of the secured from the respective County Secretaries. '30's. This may happen again during future droughts, especially if preparations are not Applications for well permits can be secured at the address shown below the respective County Secretary's name, except for Potter County; in this county contact w. J . Hill. made in advance. (USOA-SCS photo) January, 1978 THE CROSS SECTION Page 3 Three Directors Re-elected To Board For 1978-1980 JAMES P. MITCHELL SELMER H. SCHOEN ROCK MAL VIN A. JARBOE On January 21, residents of Direc­ Selmer H. Schoenrock of Levelland, Lynn Pudney, 28, is also married and The D irector representing Director's tor's Precinct No. One (Crosby, Lub­ M ember of the Board of Directors lives in Brownfield. She and her hus­ Precinct No. Five (Floyd and Hale bock and Lynn Counties) re-elected since January 1970, was recently re­ band, Greg, are expecting their first Counties) will be Malvin A. Jarboe. The James P. Mitchell of Wolfforth to his elected to his fifth consecutive two­ child in May. They are both employed Director was re-elected to the position second two-year term of office on the year term, January 21. Schoenrock rep­ as teachers. on the Board on January 21, and will District's Board of Directors. resents District Director's Precinct Two begin his second two-year term in Jerrell, the Schoenrock's son, is a Mitchell, 44, was originally elected (Cochran, Hockley and Lamb Counties). office. 1977 graduate of Texas Tech University to the Board of Directors in January Jarboe began serving as Director 1976, and during 1977 served as Vice­ The Director served during 1977 as with a degree in Micro-biology. At the Secretary-Treasurer for the Board. He present time he is working on the farm after being elected in January 1976. President of the Board. Prior to that time, he had served as The Director, raised north of Wolf­ has also served the District as President with his father. of the Board, 1976, and Vice-President Floyd County Committeeman for seven forth, graduated from Frenship High The Di rector presently farms 1,650 years. School in 1952 and studied Agriculture of the Board, 1975. Previous to being acres of cotton and milo and has 20 Born in Floydada in 1921, the Floyd for two years at Texas Tech University. elected to the Board, Schoenrock irrigation wells in operation. County farmer graduated from Floyd­ In November 1954, Mitchell married served as Hockley County Committee­ ada High School in 1939 and has the former Sylvia Wright of New Deal. man from 1963, until 1969. farmed in the area since 1941. He and his wife have been married for Schoenrock is a native of Clifton, Jarboe and his wife, FloElla, were 23 years and have two children, Cindy, Texas, and in 1934 he moved with his married in January 1943, and have one 19, a student at West Texas State Uni­ family to the Levelland area. After daughter, Vickie, 30. Vickie and her versity in Canyon; and Kevin, 17, a graduating from Levelland High School husband, Kenneth, fa rm in the Floyd­ student at Frenship High School in in 1941, he then served two years in ada area and have two daughters; Wolfforth. the U. S. Navy. The Mitchells presently farm 1,500 Kelley, 10, and Kerrie, 5. acres of cotton and milo and have 22 The Hockley County farmer and his Serving as Vice-President of the Fed­ irrigation wells in operation. Mitchell wife, Maurine, have been married since eral Land Bank Association of Floydada has been very active in his community November 22, 1946, and have been and as Secretary of the Board of Con­ in the past serving as Director of the farming in the Levelland area since that sumers Fuel Association are two of the Frenship School Board and the Wolf­ time. The Schoenrocks have three ways Jarboe stays active in · his com­ forth City Council. He is also presently children and two grandchildren. munity. a Director of the Frenship Co-Op Gin, Their eldest daughter, Donna Kay The Jarboes farm approximately Director of the Plains Co-Op Oil Mill, Taylor, 29, is married and lives in Cor­ 1,700 acres of wheat, milo and cotton and is active with the 4-H and the pus Christi, with her husband, Mike. and operate 13 small irrigation wells. F.F.A. Donna teaches Special Education at He also maintains several recirculation In 1976, when Mitchell was elected Lozano Elementary School. She and systems which he feels are more valu­ to the Board of Directors, he said he her husband h ave two children, able than any well he pumps. Director wanted to represent the producers and Heather, 7, and Cody, 3. Mike is also Jarboe has long been involved in con­ irrigators in his area in the best way an elementary school teacher. servation of the soil and water re­ he could. During a recent talk, Direc­ sources on his land. SELMER H. SCHOENROCK tor Mitchell stated, " I now recognize The Schoenrock's other daughter, that we need not just the agricultural segment, but all of the public, munici­ Applying Herbicides Through Sprinkler Irrigation System pal and industrial elements, working together, to find solutions to the area Applying herbicides t h r o u g h a The quarter section field had been water problems. To this end, I dedi­ sprinkler irrigation system is a new no-till planted to corn in 1976 and cate my service to working toward technology that works for certain her­ treated with AAtrex. Stalks had been effective solutions". bicides in corn. Dr. Allen Wiese, Texas shredded and the field was tandem Agricultural Experiment Station re­ disked prior to planting corn on April searcher, pointed this out at the 27, 1977. There were several tons of Southern Weed Science Society in New crop residue on the soil surface when Orleans on January 18. Eradicane, herbicides were applied from May 3 Sutan +, and Lasso are labeled for this to May 6. The fine textured soil was purpose. Mixtures of Sutan + and one-third sand, silt and clay w ith 1.5 Atrazine along with Lasso and Atrazine percent organic matter. Volunteer corn are also labeled. The Texas A & M and a few weeds were cultivated about University scientist also told Society May 15. members about 1977 research he About two weeks after application, conducted with Bill Turner, a CIBA­ the scientists took soil samples at zero Geigy researcher from Lubbock, Texas: to two and two to four inches deep Getting more herbicides labeled for and planted them to millet and wheat application through center pivots was to measure how deep herbicides the object of the study. leached. AAtrex, Eradicane and Dual The two scientists applied twelve applied with 0.8 inch of water along MALVIN A. JARBOE preemergent treatments to co r n with Dual and Eradicane applied in 1.3 through a center pivot irrigation system inches of water were sampled. cides did not injure corn and all plots on the Charles Hough farm south of produced about 10,000 pounds per AAtrex injured wheat at both depths, Friona, Texas. An untreated plot was acre of grain. but had little effect on millet. Dual did included for comparison and each plot Wiese concluded his presentation by not leach below two inches when ap­ was about ten acres. Herbicides and stating that the information gained plied in 0.8 inch of water, but leached JAMES P. MITCHELL pounds per acre active ingredient ap­ from the experiment will help obtain below two inches when 1.3 inches of plied with 0.8 inch of water were Dual labels for AAtrex and Dual. He also sprinkler irrigation was used. Eradi­ MANAGER ... continued from page 1 + AAtrex, 2 + 1.6 and 2.5 + 2.5; a pointed out that occasional poor weed cane did not kill millet or wheat when projected estimates of pumpage, pump­ prepackage mixture of the two herbi­ control with Eradicane, when applied applied in 0.8 inch, but injured both ing lifts and well yields. Nine of the cides at the same two rates; AAtrex, with sprinkler irrigation to fine textured when applied in 1.3 inches of water. individual county reports have been 3; Dual, 3; Lasso, 3; Lasso + AAtrex, soil, may be the result of insufficient "More of the Eradicane must have published and approximately seven 2.25 + 1.2; Eradicane, 6; Sutan +, 6: water application. persisted when applied in the high additional ones are at the printers. and Sutan + + AAtrex, 6 + 1.5. In ad­ rate of water", the scientists said. Mr. Wyatt (he requests that his dition, Eradicane and Dual were ap­ * Bushland Research News Report. For friends call him Wayne) will assume plied in 1.3 inches of sprinkler irriga­ The researchers checked weed con­ additional information contact Dr. A. F. his new duties on February 1st. The tion. The 0.8 inch of water wet the soil trol on June 30, when corn was five Wiese, Texas Agricultural Experiment Staff joins the Directors in welcoming two to three inches and largely evapo­ feet tall. Neither untreated nor treated Station, USDA Southwestern Great Wayne aboard and look forward to rated. The 1.3 inch application wet the areas had many weeds and by harvest Plains Research Center, Bushland, working with him. soil deeper and met residual moisture. the entire field was weed free. Herbi- Texas. Page 4 THE CROSS SECTION January, 1978 Hockley County Report Released A study of the amount of water in present water use and irrigation prac­ the Ogallala Aquifer and projections tices are con tinued, the aquifer will for future years in Hockley County has decline by about 43 percent by the been completed by the Texas Depart­ year 2000 and about 63 percent by t.he ment of Water Resources. year 2020. Report 214, "Analytical Study of the Most High Plains residents are well Ogallala Aquifer in Hockley County, informed on the continuing decline of Texas" charts the impact and future the region's groundwater, and know course of underground water depletion that this is the lifeblood of the area's through the next 44 years and its effect agriculture where some 70 percent of on irrigation water production. The the State's irrigated food and fiber is study and report were made by staff grown. members Ann E. Bell and Shelly Mor­ rison. Guidelines provided in the report were obtained by the use of electronic Copies of Report 214 are available computers that simulate the aquifer's without charge from the Texas Depart­ behavior and should provide the ment of Water Resources, P. 0. Box groundwater user in the county with 13087, Austin, Texas 78711. reasonably good estimates by which Generally, the study shows that if future management decisions can be made. DROUGHT .•. continued from page 2 Hockley County had about 3.5 mil­ apparently have the technology for lion acre-feet of groundwater in stor­ effective soil conservation measures. age in 1974. The computer study shows that 57 percent of this total, or about Dryland farming will obviously mean 2.0 million acre-feet, will be left in reduced yields, but the investment in storage in 2000 if past water-use pat­ production will also be relatively less terns and aquifer behavior are con­ as there will be little or no energy costs tinued in the future. Only 1.3 million for pumping water, and there will be acre-feet, or 37 percent, will remain in a reduction in labor required for man­ storage by the year 2020. aging the irrigation systems. Pumping lifts in wells throughout As John Arnn puts it: " Ultimately, Hockley County range from about 50 we will cope with dryland farming, to 275 feet. The study indicates that drought or no drought". Arnn, Direc­ the range in pumping lifts in the tor of the Food and Fiber National In­ county during the study period 1974 stitute of Achievement in Lubbock, is through 2020 will remain essentially convinced that farmers should always the same because of decreasing satu­ be aware that the Southwest is dry rated thicknesses and consequent di­ more often than it is wet and that minished well yields. droughts are a way of life, especially in the Southern Great Plains. With the thinning of the aquifer's saturated thickness, annual pumpage Once they accept that idea, it will of water in the county will decline be easier to prepare for droughts significantly. Compared to the 142,000 rather than wait and respond to them, acre-feet of water produced in 1974, the amount expected to be produced according to Dregne. " During the Suhmitted by Mr. E.T. Evans, Boise. Idaho. in response to a request from Hesston Corporation to the membership of the in the years 2000 and 2020 is about Americ an National Cattle me n:"' Association (now the r,.;'atio nal Cattlemen's Association). years with good rainfall it is easy to 113,000 and 85,000 acre-feet respec­ believe that droughts are a thing of tively, an overall decline of 40 percent. the past. That is when complacency During the past three decades, the decisions of the water users them­ The maps in the report are intended sets in", Dregne emphasized. Dregne withdrawal of groundwater has greatly selves. for use as general guidelines only and is concerned about the complacency exceeded the natural recharge of the are not recommended for use in de­ Report 214 contains maps, charts, and the lack of systematic preparations aquifer. If this overdraft continues, the termining water availability when buy­ and tabulations which reflect estimates aquifer ultimately will be depleted to ing and selling specific tracts of land. for future droughts. The technology of the volume of water in storage in the point that it may not be economi­ It is recommended that a qualified may be available, he says, but it has the Ogallala Aquifer in Hockley County cally feasible to produce water for groundwater hydrologist be consulted been 20 years since the last extended and the projected depletion of this irrigation, the authors state. to make appraisals of groundwater drought occurred and conditions have water supply by decade periods conditions when such transactions are These findings, the authors empha­ through the year 2020. The report also changed considerably since then. " We contemplated. size, are based on the continuation of contains estimates of pumpage, pump­ have to revise our ideas of what we past trends. Future events can be very ing lifts, and other data related to cur­ can do to prepare for the future", he different if these trends change. The rent and future water use in the * Texas Department of Water concludes. most determinative factor may be the county. Resources News Release

gov6£ S\fX3! '>1:>oaan, 0 3nN3A\f OE6i t "ON l:>IH!SIC NOl!\fAH3SNO:> lllfn13d SS\fl:> CN0:>3S H3!\fM aNnOHSH3CNn SNl\fld HSIH ------

Publ ished monthly by High Plains Underground Water Conservation District No. 1, 2930 Avenue Q, Lubbock, Texas 79405

Vo lume 24- No. 2 Publication number 564920, Second Class Postage paid at Lubbock, Texas February, 1978 Saturated Thickness Maps Displayed By A. Wayne Wyatt and the projections as illustrated by the A map illustrating the approximate map for the year 2000 are based on a saturated thickness of the Ogallala projection of an average of conditions Aquifer in the High Plains of Texas in which occurred 'between 1962 and 1974 and a similar map illustrating an 1974, the maps are believed to provide approximation of what the saturated reasonable estimates of recent condi­ thickness of the aquifer will be in the tions and of what might be expected year 2000 can be found on pages two in the future on a regional basis. Cau­ and three of this month's issue of The tion should be exercised in the use of Cross Section. These maps are being the maps as guidelines for checking reproduced courtesy of the Texas De­ groundwater conditions for specific partment of Water Resources. tracts of land inasmuch as the maps are generalized and do not illustrate A comparative study of these maps many local conditions. Individual should illustrate to the water users in County reports which provide more the High Plain s the need to utilize both detailed data are available from the the precipitation and groundwater sup­ Texas Department of Water Resources plies in the most prudent manner with and the Water District for Bailey, Bris­ the least amount of waste. coe, Castro, Crosby, Deaf Smith, Floyd, Although these maps are generalized Hale, Hockley, and Parmer Counties. Limited-Tillage And No-Tillage Evaluated Farmers would profit by taking a inches or 20 percent of the precipita­ hard look at no- or limited-tillage farm­ tion. No-tillage stored 5.6 inches or Directors for 1978 are, sea ted, A. W. Gober, President, Jam es P. Mitchell, Vice-President. ing methods. Research at the USDA 39 percent of the rainfall. Standing (from left to right) are Selmer H. Schoenrock, Secretary-Treas urer, Malvin A. Research Center at Bushland shows " This experiment proved to be the Jarboe, Member, and Ra y Cerk, Member. that reduced tillage is the greatest magical Pandora's Box of conservation breakthrough in soil and moisture con­ research in the Southern Great Plains," servation si nce the sweep plow. These Wiese Said. Unger had unlocked the remarks were made by Dr. A. F. Wiese secret of improving soil moisture stor­ Board Of Directors Meet during the High Plains Agricultural age in the Oklahoma and Texas Pan­ Th e District's Board of Directors met Treasurer Schoenrock. Seminar at Panhandle State University handles. It took more mulch than could in Goodwell, Oklahoma on February 1. be produced on dryland. on February 6th, to review the recent In routine business, the Board auth­ " Limited tillage not only conserves soil Unger continued his research in 1970 election, ca nvass the votes and de­ orized the payment of outstanding but cuts production costs and increases by planting wheat after irrigated corn. clared the results to be official. bills, reviewed the financial report, ap­ yields", The Texas Agricultural Experi­ He planted some wheat without tillage, During the swearing-in ceremony, proved water well permits for 51 wells ment Station Scientist from Bushland some with rototilling and some on Jud ge Denzil Bevers of the 72nd Judi­ an d hea rd a five yea r comparison re­ said. clean ground. After wheat harvest, he Chemical fallow studies were sta rted again adjusted crop residue level from cial District Court, administered the port from Clifford Thompson indicating on dryland at Bushland in 1958. Atra­ nothing to more than 10,000 pounds oath of office to Directors Schoenrock, completion of 128 wells in January zine and 2,4-D did a good job of con­ per acre with various amounts of tillage Mitchell and Jarboe. The District staff 1977, 135 wells in January 1976, 90 trolling weeds in the fallow between or controlling weeds with herbicides. and Board members wives were privi­ wells in January 1975, 222 wells in wheat harvest and sorghum planting. Soil moisture storage from July 1971, ledged to witness the ceremony. January 1974 and 59 wells in January Soil moisture storage and sorghum to May 1972, varied from 2.0 to 8.2 yields were not increased over sweep inches. This was ·11 to 45 percent of In other business the Board elected 1973. Mr. Wyatt reported to the Board tillage. " The system was not practical precipitation. In May 1972, grain sor­ officers for 1978 with a unanimous on severa l activities of the Manager because herbicides cost more than ghum was planted dryland without motion by Mr. Gerk seconded by Mr. and various staff members gave brief sweep tillage", Wiese said. tillage and weeded with herbicides to Jarboe to retain 1977 officers in the outlines of the status of various pro­ Limited tillage research proved fruit­ save crop residue. Yields improved same capacity (i.e.) President Gober, grams and projects requiring District ful in 1968 when Dr. Paul Unger, USDA with increased surface residue and varied from 2,750 to 5,3 60 pounds per Vice-Presi dent Mitchell and Secretary- participation. Soil Scientist, controlled weeds in irri­ gated wheat stubble with Atrazine and acre. "Yields were almost doubled and 2,4-D during a ten month fallow. He herbicide cost during fallow was the Wyatt Appointed To Governor's Task Force compared this to disk tillage, sweep same as tillage," Wiese told students tillage and a combination of sweep and farmers at Panhandle University. A. Wayne Wyatt, General Manager districts and agencies involved in water tillage and chemical weed control. After these initial successes, Jack of the High Plains Underground Water regulation in Texas. In requesting There were about 10,000 pounds per Musick and Ron Allen, USDA Agricul­ Conservation District No. 1 was recent­ Wyatt's se rvice on the Ta sk Force, Gov­ acre of wheat stubble on the soi l sur­ tural Engineers, conducted irrigation ly notified of his appointment as a ernor Briscoe stated, "I feel that your face. Previous dryland experiments experiments with limited tillage. Limit­ member of the Governor's Water Re­ leadership and insights would be high­ had less than 4,000 pounds per acre of ed tillage was compared to disk tillage source Conservation and Development in a wheat-sorghum-fallow cropping ly valuable towards the goal of con­ crop res idue. After the ten month Task Fo rce by Governor Dolph Briscoe. fa llow, no-till plots still had 4,100 sequence on furrow irrigated land. serving our existing water resources as The Membership of the Task Force pounds per acre of straw. Disk areas Weed control from wheat harvest to is made up of representatives of the well as planning for the future growth had little or no stubble left. Soil mois­ sorghum planting was done with major water authorities, commissions, of our state". ture storage on the disk area was 2.8 continued on page 4 ... LIMITED-TILLAGE Page 2 THE CROSS SECTION February, 1978 HIGH PLAINS UNDERGROUND WATER CONSERVATION DISTRICT NO. 1

MAPPED AREA

I ____ _JI

EXPLANATION D 20 feet or less • 20 to 50 feet 50 to 100 feet • 100 feet or more

LAND SURFAC E

-~-

SAT URAT ED THI CKN ESS

Approximate Saturated Thickness Ogallala Aquifer 1974

From maps prepared by the Texas Department of Water Resources- A. Wayne Wyatt, Ann E. Bell and Sh elly Morrison February, 1978 THE CROSS SECTION Page 3 HIGH PLAINS UNDERGROUND WATER CONSERVATION DISTRICT NO. 1

MAPPED AREA

EXPLANATION D 20 feet or less • 20 to 50 feet 50 to 100 feet • 100 feet or more

LAND SURFACE

-p::J-

SATURATED THICKNESS

Approximate Saturated Thickness Ogallala Aquifer 2000

From maps prepared by the Texas Department of Water Resources-A. Wayne Wyatt, Ann E. Bell and Shelly Morrison Page 4 THE CROSS SECTION February, 1978

Limited-Tillage And No-Tillage Evaluated ••• continued from page 1 Atrazine and 2,4-D. With disk tillage, duced cost. No-tillage of continuous beds were destroyed and rebuilt before irrigated sorghum was not practical be­ planting. Yields were 4,550 and 3,640 cause herbicides could not control pounds per acre with two irrigations volunteer that emerged after planting. after no-tillage and disk tillage. With Yields of forage were increased with four seasonal irrigations, yields were no-tillage, but grain yield was less than BOARD OF DIRECTORS Hale County 5,760 and 5,320 pounds of sorghum with disking. Volunteer sorghum com­ Precinct 1 J . B . Mayo, Secretary grain per acre. No-tillage was the win­ peted with the planted crop. (CROSBY, LUBBOCK and LYNN COUNTIES) Mayo Ins., 1617 Main, Petersburg James P. Mitchell, Vice President ...... Wolfforth ner again. Double cropping sorghum after irri­ Clint Gregory, Jr., 1980 ...... Box 98, Petersburg Precinct 2 Homer Roberson , 1980 ------··· B ox 250, Petersburg After sorghum harvest, limited tillage gated wheat proved practical and (COCHRAN, HOCKLEY and LAMB COUNTIES) Henry Scarborough, 1980 ----- Route 2, Petersburg consisted of disk bedding to rebuild yields were increased 500 pounds per Selmer H. Schoenrock, Secy.-Treas ..... Levelland Gaylord Groce, 1982 ...... Box 314. P eter sburg beds, one sweep plowing to loosen acre with no-tillage in a five year ex­ Precinct 3 Bill John H egi, 1982 ...... Route 2, Petersburg periment. Sorghum was dry planted in (BAILEY, CASTRO and PARMER COUNTIES) beds and rodweeding to control weeds A. W. Gober, President ...... Farwell Hockley County as necessary. Limited tillage increased wheat stubble and watered up. Weeds Precinct 4 Jim Montgomery, Secre tary wheat yield three bushels per acre and volunteer wheat were controlled (ARMSTRONG, DEAF S MITH. POTTER and 609 Austin Street, Levelland compared with disk tillage when two with Atrazine. Planting hybrid sudan R AN DALL COUNTIES, B!lly Ray Carter, 1980 ·······-···· Route 5, Levelland summer irrigations were applied. after grazed out wheat was equally Ray Gerk ·····--·-··-··-··········-··························· Hereford Leon Young, 1980 ·················-··· Route 1, Ropesville successful according to the weed Precinct 5 Robert Phillips, 1980 ...... 218 Redwood, Levelland Other cropping systems with fallow researcher. (FLOYD a nd HALE COUNTIES) J . E. Wade, 1982 ...... R oute 2, Littlefield periods have proven practical. Irrigated Malvin A. Jarboe ·······························-··········· Floydada Jack Earl French, 1982, Rt. 3, Box 125, Levelland Wiese pointed out that similar re­ wheat planted immediately after sor­ search in Kansas and Nebraska had COUNTY COMMITTEEMEN Lamb County ghum harvest increased soil mulch Armstrong County proven the value of no-tillage under Carroll Rogers, Secretary Robert Richards, Secr etary level so that a following dryland crop irrigation in western parts of the states. Wayside, Texas 509 Phelps Avenue, Littlefield of no-tillage sorghum yielded 1,000 Limited tillage also has proven profit­ Cordell Mahler, 1979 ...... W ayside P. A. Washington, 1980 ...... Box 124, Springlake pounds per acre more than where James Bible, 1979 ·····-··································· Wayside Jack Stubblefield, 1980 -----············ Box 397, Spade able in central Kansas where dryland Guy Watson, 1981 ...... WaYSide stubble was destroyed by disking. Bill Heisler, 1981 ...... Wayside Larry Lockwood, 1980 ------Star Rt. 2, Littlefield wheat produces enough straw to in­ Leslie Ada ms, 1981 ...... Waysid e Billy J. Langford, 1982 ·······-············· Box 381, Olton No tillage, limited tillage and disk crease soil moisture storage. Edward Fisher, 1982 ...... Box 67, Sudan Balley County tillage were evaluated in continuous The researcher concluded his pre­ Doris Wedel, Secretary H&R Block, 224 W. 2nd, Muleshoe Lubbock County irrigated wheat. Paraquat or Roundup sentation by telling farmers that limited Marshall Head, 1979 ·······-··············· Rt. 3, Muleshoe Clifford Thompson, Secretary was used to control volunteer and tillage has a place in the Texas and Harold Layton, 1979 ...... R t. 2, Morton 2930 Avenue Q, Lubbock Eugene Shaw, 1981 ··········-···-········· Rt. 2, Muleshoe weeds between crops for no-tillage. Oklahoma Panhandles. "Water and David Stovall, 1981 ··············--······· Rt. 2, Muleshoe Don Bell, 1980 ...... Box 114, Wolfforth Limited tillage was one 2,4-D applica­ soil will be conserved and profits will Ernest Ramm, 1981 ·············-··········· R t. 2, Muleshoe Ronald Schllling, 1980 -----·········- Route 1, Slaton tion, disk bedding and rodweeding. be increased," Wiese said. Castro County Granville Igo , 1980 .... 1304 8th S t r eet, Shallowater Garnett Holland , Secretary Owen Gilbreath, 1982 ···-····· 3302 23rd St., Lubbock Yields were increased four bushels per City Hall, 120 Jones St., Dimmitt Clifford Hilbers, 1982 ...... Route 1, Box 14, Idalou acre with no-tillage. Herbicide cost Bushland Research News. For addi­ Anthony Acker, 1979 ...... Rt. 0 , Nazar eth Glenn Odom, 19 79 ...... R t. 4, Box 135, D immitt Lynn County destroyed the advantage. Limited till­ tional information contact Dr. A. F. Jackie Clark, 1981 ...... Rt. 1, Box 33, Dimmitt Clifford Thompson, Secretary Wiese, Texas Agricultural Experiment W. A. Baldridge, 1981 ...... 608 W. Grant, Dimmitt age yielded the same as disking and Fra nk Wise, 1981 ...... Rt. 4, Box 10, Dimmitt 2930 Avenue Q, Lubbock was most profitable because of re- Station, Bushland, Texas. Cochran County S. B. Rice, 1980 ·······-··············-····-··· Route 1, Wilson W. M. Butler, Jr., Secretary W. R. Steen, 1980 ···········-··········-····· Route 2, Wilson We~ t.ern Abstrar,t Co. 108 N. Main Av e., Mort.on Wendell Morrow, 1980 ······--·-··· Route 1, Wilson WATER; INC.; HOLDS ANNUAL MEETING Hershel M. Tanner, 1980, Route 2, Box 36, Morton Gary Houchin, 1982 ...... Box 54, Wilson Danny K ey, 1980 ...... S tar Route 2, Morton Freddie Kieth, 1982 ·······-········· Box 283 , New Home Amarillo attorney Jerome W. John­ illness, but Texas Water Development H . H. Rosson , 1980 -----······· Sta r Route 2, Morton Keith K ennedy, 1982 ...... Star R oute 2, Morton Parmer County son was elected President of Water, Board member George W. Mccleskey Robert Yeary, 1982 ...... Route 2, Box 66 , Morton Inc., by the organization's Board of attended on his behalf. Crosby County Ken Horn, Secretary Clifford Thompson, Secretary Horn Insurance Agency, Bovina Directors at its annual meeting Febru­ 2930 Avenue Q , Lubbock Floyd Reeve, 1979 ···-·········--·-······· Box 876 , Friona ary 11, in Amarillo. Johnson succeeds Tommy Mccallister, 1980 ---··· 209 N. Va n Buren, Ralph Roming, 1979 ...... 809 Rldg!ea Dr., Bovin a Lorenzo J. W. Buchanan of Dumas, who served Edward S . Smith, 1980 ____ 102 N. Van Buren, Troy Christian, 1981 ...... Rt. 1, Farwell two years as President. Lorenzo Dalt on Caffey, 1981 ...... P.O. Box 488, Friona Pat Yoakum, 1980 ------Box 146, Lorenzo Ronald Elliott, 1981 ...... Rt. 3, Muleshoe Mike Ca rlisle, 1982 ...... Route 1, Box 274, Lorenzo Joining Johnson as a new officer is Alvin C. Morrison, 1982 ...... Box 6, Lorenzo Potter County Lloyd Calhoun of Hobbs, who was Deaf Smith County F . G. Collard, III, 1979 .... Rt. 1, Box 433, Amarillo named First Vice-President. Rounding B . F . Cain, Secretary w. J. Hiii, 1979 ...... 5503 Emil, Amarillo County Courthouse, 2nd Floor, Hereford out the new slate of Water, Inc., offi­ J im Line, 1981 ···················-······-··· Box 87, Bushland G eorge Ritter, 1979 ···------··········· Rt. 5, H er eford cers are Second Vice-President A. C. Bill Cleavin ger , 1979 ...... Route 1, Wildorado Albert Nichols , 1981 ...... R t. l , Box 491, Amarillo Verner of Lubbock, Secretary Edward J a m es E . Higgins, 1981 ----··· 200 S tar S t., Her eford Weldon Rea, 1981 ···········-··-··-······-··-··········· Bush land Garland Solomon, 1981 __ 303 Sunset Dr., H er eford G. Weber of Amarillo and Treasurer T om Robinson, 1981 ___ 211 Cherokee Dr., H erefor d Randall County Jim Ed Waller of Lubbock, all re­ Floyd County Mrs. Louise Tompkins, Secretary elected. Verna Lynne Stewart, Secretary Farm Bureau, 1714 F ifth Ave., Ca nyon F loyd Co. Abstract, 215 W. California, Floyd ada C. O. Lyles, 1980 ·······------Route 4, Floydada John F . Robinson, 1979 ···-··· 1002 7th St., Canyon The meeting was dedicated to retir­ Connie Bearden, 1980 ·------Route 1, Floydada Bill Dugan, 1979 ...... Rt. 2, Box 30, H a ppy ing Congressman George Mahon for M. M. Smitherman, 1980 ____ Silverton Star Rt., Harry LeGrand, 19 81 ...... 4700 S. Bowie, Amarillo Floydada his concern and action toward solving Charles Huffman, 1982 ···········-····· Route 1, Lockney Joe Albracht, 1981 ·······-····· P.O. Box 81, Bushland Gilbert L. Fawver, 1982 ···-········· Route 4, Floydada Jack Brandt, 1981 ···-······· Rt. 1, Box 280, Canyon the High Plains water problems and for NOTICE: Information r egarding times a nd places of the monthly County Committ ee meeting can be his outstanding 44-year Congressional secured from the r espective County Secretaries. record. Mahon was unable to attend JEROME W. JOHNSON Applications for well permits can be secured at the address shown below the respective County Secretary's name, except for Potte r County; in this county contact w. J. Hill. the dedication ceremonies because of (photo courtesy Preston Lewis)

s~6L SVX3! ·~ooaan, 0 3nN3A'lf 0£6i:: t 'ON !OIH!SIO NOl!'1'AH3SNOO !IVUl3d SSV10 ON003S H3!'1'M ONnOH~H30Nn SNl'1'ld H91H Published monthly by High Plains Underground Water Conservation District No. l, 2930 Avenue Q, Lubbock, Texas 79405

Volume 24-No. 3 Publication number 564920, Second Class Postage paid at Lubbock, Texas March, 1978 Well Yield Estimate Maps Published FRIONA 0 By A. Wayne Wyatt gravel which generally comprise the DIMMITT TULIA formation vary from place to place in BOVINA Estimates of the rate, in gallons per 0 0 minute, at which the Ogallala Aquifer thickness of layers, layering position, should be capable of yielding water to and grain-size sorting. FARWELL wells in various areas of the High The physical composition of the formation material can drastically PARMER Plains of Texas are presented on maps located on pages two and three of this affect the ability of the formation to issue of "The Cross Section". yield water to wells. As an example, in areas where the saturated portion of These well-yield estimates are based the formation is comprised of thick on capabilities of the aquifer to yield beds of coarse and well-sorted grains to irrigation wells of prevailing con­ of sand, the well yields probably will struction as reflected by the very large exceed the estimates shown on the LITTLEFIELD number of pumping tests which have maps. In other localized areas, the ENOCHS 0 been conducted in various saturated­ saturated portion of the formation may BAILEY 0 thickness intervals in the Texas High LAMB HAL E be comprised principally of thick beds Plains. The map illustrating the poten­ of silt and clay which can be expected MORTON tial of the aquifer to yield water to to restrict well yields to less than those 0 wells in the year 2000 was constructed shown on the maps. LUBBOCK to reflect the predicted decreases in LEVELLAND The maps presented in this issue of 0 well yields at that date due to the 0 "The Cross Section" are intended for expected reduction in saturated thick­ use as general guidelines only and are SLATON ness of the aquifer. 0 not recommended for use in deter­ COCHRAN HOCKLEY LUBBOCK CROSBY The well-yield estimates are subject mining well yield potentials when buy­ WILSON KEY to deviations caused by localized ing and selling specific tracts of land. 0 geological conditions. The Ogallala These maps are being reproduced 0 4.0 to 5.0 inches Aquifer is not a homogeneous forma­ courtesy of the Texas Department of BROWNFIELD TAHOKA 0 0 tion; that is, the silt, clay, sand, and Water Resources. 0 5.0 to 7.0 inches Directors and Committeemen Meet TERRY LYNN The District's Board of Directors met The first district-wide County Com­ in regular session on March 13, 1978, mittee meeting in many years was held 1977-1978 Amount Of Water Needed To Rewet recessed and continued their meeting Tuesday, March 14, at the offices of The Top Five Feet Of Soil following the District-wide County the High Plains Underground Water Committee meeting held on March 14. Conservation District No. 1. During the first day's session, the The day- long meeting, which is to Board set the tax rate for 1978 opera­ be an annual affair, brought together Soil Moisture Survey Released tions at five cents per 100 dollar the Board of Directors, County Com­ Soil moisture information collected the moisture that fell during August. county/ state evaluation. Since the Dis­ mitteemen and professional staff of the during January and February shows Some rain and snow has been received trict's creation in 1953, the five cent District. per 100 dollar county/ state evaluation that the top five-foot layer of soil is since the last fa ll rains but amounts The meeting was highlighted by a has been in effect with the exception very dry over all sections of the South have been too small to change the dry keynote address by Mr. Bill Waddle, of 1977 when the tax rate was lowered Plains. These fi ndings were recently conditions. General Manager of the Texas Water to three cents. At that time, the Dis­ published in a Soil Moisture Survey The accompanying chart shows the Conservation Association. Mr. Waddle trict had accumu lated a surplus of compiled by Mr. 0 . H. Newton of the general soi l moisture conditions in 14 emphasized to the County Committee­ funds; therefore, the Directors elected National Weather Service. South Plains counties. It should be man the far reaching effects of the to lower the tax rate for one year to Only the four northern-most coun­ noted that a very high percentage of Water District's activities and related utilize these funds rather than to con­ ties of the High Plains Underground this area needs from five to seven some history as to how their actions tinue to build a surplus. Water Conservation District No. 1 were inches of moisture to rewet the top in the past had influenced state water not covered by the survey but a spot­ five feet of soil. It was found that better crops could be produced if the programs and policy. Waddle also check with the county agents repre­ shortages in the remainder of the area soil was wet prior to spring planting. commented on water related activities senting these counties found that the were from four to five inches. Years of crop production have not taking place on the state and Federal results of the survey were also applica­ Purpose Of Survey produced a substitute method and the level. ble to those counties. The primary purpose of the annual need for a well saturated soil profile Following the keynote speech, vari­ Although rainfall since last August fall and winter soil moisture survey is prior to planting still holds. Until ous professional staff members of the has been only about an inch below to determine the average amount of recent years, farmers cou Id only guess District presented information to the normal, other factors have caused a moisture that is held in the top five at the amount of water needed to wet County Committeemen concerning significant loss of moisture. This loss feet of South Plains soils. This in turn the soil, but with modern techniques, activities in each of their staff areas. was mainly due to the lateness of the provides a basis for estimating the it has been possible to make a reliable Ideas and information concerning fall freeze which allowed plants to need for, and the amount of, preplant estimate of additional preseason water some future programs being con­ extract soil moisture over a longer irrigation required to rewet the soil needs. Farmers who irrigate in excess sidered by the Directors were dis­ period of time. Probably the most and give the farmer the best chance of that which is needed probably will cussed and the meeting was opened critical period of dry weather was dur­ for a profitable crop. lose money and valuable water and for a question-and-answer session with ing September because it was during During the ea rl y years of South those having sandy soils could lose the Committeemen and others in at­ this period that maturing crops used Plains irrigation, it was found that continued on page 4 ... SOIL MOISTURE tendance. Page 2 THE CROSS SECTION March, 1978 HIGH PLAINS UNDERGROUND WATER CONSERVATION DISTRICT NO. 1

I I i • i I I ,PERRYTON ·, I I I J_ I I I ~~- ----t---d------t iouMAS I ' I •

MAPPED AREA

I --~~~~~~~~T-L-~---, I j I EXPLANATION I D Less than 100 GPM I ~~-----1 D 100 to 500 GPM I 500 to 1000 GPM I 1000 GPM or more I

I I --=::::o,u_ \_~ ___ --4-_____ J

I I I I -f::::f-

Potential Capacity of Ogallala Aquifer to Yield Water to Wells-1974

From maps prepared by the Texas Department of Water Resources-A. Wayne Wyatt, Ann E. Bell and Shelly Morrison March, 1978 THE CROSS SECTION Page 3 HIGH PLAINS UNDERGROUND WATER CONSERVATION DISTRICT NO. 1

-----

MAPPED AREA

EXPLANATION D Less than 100 GPM D 100 to 500 GPM 500 to 1000 GPM 1000 GPM or more

-~-

Potential Capacity of Ogallala Aquifer to Yield Water to Wells - 2000

From maps prepared by the Texas Department of Water Resources-A. Wayne Wyatt, Ann E. Bell and Shelly Morrison Pa ge 4 T H E CROSS SECTION M arch, 1978 District's Information Director Named The High Pl ain s Underground Water District No. 1 is please d to announce the add ition of Mr. Dean Thompson to its staff. Mr. Th o mpson will serve as editor for Th e Cross Section as well

BOARD OF DIRECTORS H a le County as the Director of the District's Pu blic Precinct 1 J . B . Mayo, S ecr e tary Information Section. 1CROSBY, LUBBO CK and LY NN COUNT IES ! Mayo I ns .• 1617 M a in, Peter sburg A 1967 graduate of Texas A & I Uni­ J ames P . Mitchell. Vice Presid en t Wolfforth Clint Gregory. Jr. , 1980 .. .. Box 98, P et er sburg versity in Kingsville, Texas, Thompson Precinct 2 H om er R obers on, 1980 ... _ ...... B ox 250, P et ersburg holds a BA degree in Journalism and (COCH RAN. H OCK LEY and LAMB CO UNTIES! H enry Sca rborough , 1980 ...... Route 2. P eters b u rg Government. Selm e r H . S choenrock, S ecy .-Treas. L evelland G aylo r d Groce. 19 82 ...... Bo x 314 , P ete r sburg Precinct 3 Bill J ohn H eg i, 1982 . . R oute 2, P eters b urg After graduation he served approxi­ I B AI LE Y. CAST R O a nd P ARMER COUNTIES I mately seven years in the United A. W. Gober , President _ Far wel! Hockley County States Army. During his military Precinct 4 Jim Mon tgomery, Secret ary caree r, he held many different posi­ 609 Austin Street, Levella nd ' ARMST RO NG. DEAF SMITH. POTTER a n d tions and upon completion of his R AJ'\DALL COUNTIES , Billy Ray Ca rter, 1980 .... R au te 5, L ev ella n d Ray Ger k .... H er eford Leon Young, 1980 ...... Route 1, R op esville active duty requirement in September Precinct 5 Robert Phillips, 1980 ...... 218 Red wood , Levella n d 1973, he concluded his military se rvice I FLOYD and H AL E COUNT I E S) J. E . Wad e , 1982 .... . R ou t e 2, L it tlefield as a Captain. Malvin A. J a r boe Flo ydada J ack E a rl F ren c h, 19 82, R t . 3, Box 125, Levelland Since that time he has worked as a COUNTY COMMITTEEMEN La mb County District Agent for th e Prudential Insur­ Armstrong County ance Co mpany; as Publicity and Public Ca rroll Rog·e r s, Secr etary Rober t R ichards, S ecr e t ary Wayside, T ex as 509 P helps Avenue, Littlefield Relations M anager for the Lubbock DEAN THOMPSON Cor dell M ahler, 1979 Wayside P. A. W ash in gton, 1980 ...... B ox 124, Sprin glake Chamber of Commerc e; as Sa les M an­ J ames Bib le, 1979 __ ------·····--·········· W ayside J ack S t u b blefield, 1980 B ox 397, S pad e G uy Wa tson , 1981 ...... Ways ide ager for Th ompso n-Bond Rea l Estate rently employed as a Home Eco nomics B ill H e isle r. 19 81 ...... W a ys ide La rry L ockwood, 1980 ...... S t a r Rt. 2, L ittlefield Leslie Ada m s , 1981 ______Waysid e Billy J . L a n g ford, 19 82 ...... Box 381, Olton in Lubbock and taught in the Lubbock teach er at Spur High Sc hool. B a iley County Edwa rd F ish er, 1982 ...... Box 67, Sudan Public School sys tem. The District is pleased to welcome Doris W edel, S ecr et a ry Thompson rece ntly married the for­ Dean as the newest member of its Lubbock County H & R Block, 224 W. 2nd , Mules hoe mer Sh erry M cClell an. Sherry is cur- Staff. Mars hall H ead, 1979 R t. 3, Muleshoe Clifford T h ompson , S ecr etary H a rold Layto n . 1979 R t . 2, Mort on 2930 Avenue Q, Lubbock Eug·cn e Shaw . I Y8 l Rt. 2, Muleshoe D a Yid Stovall, 1981 Rt. 2, Mules hoe Don B ell , 1980 ...... Box 114, Wolffor th Soil Moisture Survey Released (continued from page 1) E rnes t Hamm, 19 81 _ R t. 2, M uleshoe R on a ld S chillin g, 1980 ...... Route 1, S laton nutrients which may be leached below Castro County G ranville I go, 1980 . 1304 8th Stree t. Shallowater What It Means Garnett Holl a n d , Secret a ry Owen Gilbreath , 1982 ...... 3302 23 r d St., Lubbock the root zone. Since so il mo isture meas urements City H all, 120 J ones St., Dimmitt Clifford Hilber s, 1982 ...... Rou t e 1, Box 14, I dalou Value of Recent Snows show that nea rl y all So uth Pl ain s so ils An th o n y Ac k e r . 1979 R t. D , Naza r eth Glen n Odo m , 19 79 ...... R t. 4, Bo x 135, D im m itt Lynn County Significa nt amounts of snow have are very dry, this mea ns that a preplant J acki e Cla r k. 198 1 R t. I. Box 33. Dimmitt Cl ifford Tho m ps on, S ecr et a r y irrigatio n would be very benefi cial. W . A. B aldrid ge, 1981 ...... 603 IV . G ran t, Dimmitt fall en over a large portio n of th e So uth 2930 Av en u e Q, Lubbock Fran\c Wisc, 1981 R t. 4. Box 10, Dim m itt Pl ain s during the month of Fe bruary. Otherw ise, farmers must hope t hat .. Route 1, Wilson Cochra n County S . B. R ice, 1980 ...... Much of this snow has fallen since t he rainfa ll w ill exceed normal and add the W . M . Butler, J r., Secretary W. R. S t een, 1980 ...... R oute 2, Wilson needed moist ure. W endell M orrow, 1980 .. Rou te 1, Wilson moisture readings w ere made. How­ Western Abs t ract Co .. 108 N. Main Ave .. Mor t on As a general ru le, the w etting effi­ H er s h el M. Tanner , 1980, Rou te 2, Box 36, Mor t on G a ry H ouchin, 1982 ...... Box 54 , Wilson ever, sin ce the total amount of mois­ Da n ny K ey, 1980 ____ Star Rou te 2. Mor t on Fred die K ieth , 1982 . .. Box 283, New H ome ciency of rainfa ll is about sixty perce nt H. H . Rosson , 1980 ...... S t a r Route 2, Morton ture from the snow w as only around an (60%). This mea ns t hat if six inches K eith K ennedy, 1£82 _ _ _ Star R oute 2, M or t on P a rmer Cou n t y inch or less, this amount w as generall y Robe r t Yeary, 1982 Rout e 2, Box 66 , Morton of moisture is needed in the soi l, rain­ K en H orn, Secretary abso rbed in the top foot of the soil Cr osb y County H orn I mmra n ce Agency, Bovin a fa ll must total aro und ten inches . This Clifford T hom p son, Secr etar y and had little effect on the deeper fa r exceed s t he amo un t no rm ally ex­ 2930 Avenue Q, Lubbock F loyd R eeve, 1979 Box 876 , Friona layers. At the sa me time, even this T ommy Mccallister , 1980 209 N . Van Buren . R a lph Roming, 1979 809 R idglea D r ., Bovina pected before crops must be planted. Lorenzo T roy Chris tia n, 1981 ...... R t . 1, F a r well sm all amount of moisture w ill remain E d \\' ard S. Smit h , 1980 ...... 102 N . Van Buren , Th e accompanyin g tab le shows the P.O. Box 488, Frion a Lorenzo D alton C a ffe y, 1981 in the so il for so me time and w ill co m­ probability of the area receiving vari­ Pat Yoa kum, 1980 ... - ...... B ox 146, Lore nzo Ronald Elliott. 1981 R t . 3, M ulesh oe Mike Ca rlisle, 1982 ...... Route 1, Box 274, Lo r enzo bine with any additional moisture to ous amounts of ra in betwee n March 21 Alvin C. Morrison , 1982 ___ _ B ox 6, Loren zo P o tter County improve th e wetting efficiency if such and April 20; M arch 21 and April 30; Deaf S mith County F. G. Coll ard. I II, 1979 .... Rt. 1, Box 433 , Amarillo moisture comes before this is lost to March 21 and M ay 10; March 21 and B . F. Cain, Secretar y W. J. Hill, 1979 ...... 5503 Emil, Amarillo Coun ty Courthouse. 2nd F loor, Her eford evaporation. May 20; and M arch 21 and M ay 31. J im L ine, 19 81 ...... B ox 87 , Bushland G eor ge Ritter. 1979 R t . 5, H er efo r d B ill C lea vi n ger. 1979 . . R ou te 1, Wild orado Alber t N ichols , 1981 ...... Rt. 1, Box 491, Amarillo J a m es E . Higgins . 198 1 ...... 200 S t a r S t ., H e reford Weldon Rea , 1981 ...... B ush land PERCENT PROBABILITY FOR RAINFALL G arla nd Solom on . 198 1 .... 303 S unset D r., H er e fo r d T om Rob in son, 1981 ___ 211 Cherokee D r ., H er efor d Randa ll County RAINFALL TIME INTERVALS Floyd County Mrs . Lou ise T om p kins, S ecretar y (inches) 3-21 / 4-20 3-21 / 4-30 3-21 / 5-10 3-21 / 5-20 3-21 / 5-3 1 Ve rna Lyn ne S te,\· art. Secretar y F a r m B u r eau , 1714 F ifth Ave., C a n yon Floyd Co . Abstract, 21 5 W. Ca lifornia , F loydada C. 0. L yles. 1980 ...... Route 4, Floyd a da J oh n F . R obinson , 1979 ...... 1002 7th St., Ca nyon 1.0 39 57 77 90 94 Con nie Bearden , 1980 ...... Rou te 1, Floyd ada B ill Dugan, 1979 .... R t. 2, B ox 30, H appy 1.5 23 40 61 81 87 M. M. S mitherman, 1980 ...... S ilverton S t ar R t ., Harry LeGrand, 1981 ...... 4700 S . B owie, Am arillo F lo yd a d a 2.0 14 28 50 69 80 C h a r les H u f fma n. 1982 ...... R ou t e 1, Lockney J oe Albr ach t , 1981 P .O . Box 81, B ushla nd Gilbert L . Fawver, 1982 ...... Rou te 4, Flo yd a da J a ck Bran dt, 1981 .... R t. 1, Box 280, C a n yon 2.5 9 19 40 59 70 3.0 5 14 31 48 62 NOTICE: I nforma tion rega rd ing times a n d places of the mont hly County Com mitt ee m eeting ca n be secu red from the r espective Count y S ecretaries. 3.5 3 9 24 39 54 Ap plications for well p ermits ca n be s ecu red at t h e add ress shown below t he r esp ect ive 4.0 2 6 19 32 47 County Secret a ry's name, except for Potter Cou nty; in this county cont act W. J. H ill.

SOv6L SVX31 '>1::>088nl 0 3nN3J\V 0£6Z I "ON 1:mus1a NOl!VMl3SNO:> 111NH3d SSVl:> ON0:>3S H31VM aNnOH~H30Nn SNIVld HmH ~ ------· -·------~------_-____------· ------••------1. ------==-=-- ..::-=-- ---=- _------·------__------=---- _-=---_ -=-==--~ ~-=---==-= == .=.. === - - --=- ==- -- =~ --=~I --=------=--==II ~~~-=- ==----~ ------

Pu b lished monthly by Hig h Plains Underground Water Conservation District No. l, 2930 Avenue Q, Lubbock, Texas 79405

Volume 24-No. 4 Publication number 564920, Second Class Postage paid at Lubbock, Texas April, 1978 Pumping Level Maps Displayed 20 INCH DIAMETER OPENING by A. Wayne Wyatt of the base of the aquifer. After that time, it is assumed that the pumping Estimate of pumping levels in 1974 lift will remain constant because of in wells completed in the Ogallala greatly diminished well yields. Formation and projection of what In the Northern portions of the High pumping levels are expected to be in Plains the following assumptions were the year 2000 are illustrated by maps made: (1) that the yield of each pump­ located on pages two and three of this ing well is 900 gallons per minute issue of " The Cross Section". except as limited by the capacity of the The pumping lift (pumping level) is aquifer (this conforms with the histori­ the depth from land surface to the cal trend of equipping new wells with water level in a pumping well; it is eight-inch or smaller pumps); (2) that equal to the depth of the static water the specific well yield is 15 gallons per level plus the drawdown due to pump­ minute per foot of drawdown; and (3) ing. Th e amount of pumping lift that once the well yield equals the largely determines the amount of capacity of the aquifer the well will energy required to produce the water, continue to be produced at a rate near and thus strongly affects the pumping the capacity of the aquifer until pump­ costs. ing lifts are within ten feet of the base The formula for making estimates of of the aquifer. After that time, it is pumping lifts was varied throughout assumed that the pumping lift will the High Plains based on the results of remain constant because of g;eatly the large number of pumping tests diminished well yields. which have been conducted in the It should be noted that the ten-foot area. minimum was somewhat arbitrarily In the Southern portion of t he High chosen, as one cannot predict accu­ Drawing by Tony Schertz Plains the following assumptions were rately the minimum saturated thickness made: (1) that the yield of each pump­ that will be feasible for producing ing well is 800 gpm except as limited irrigation water under future economic rrDeath Trap" Attracts Unwary Explorer by the capacity of the aqu ifer (this conditions. conforms with the historical trend of The maps presented in this issue of by Dean Thompson four sides and about one foot thick, equipping new wells with eight-inch or "The Cross Section" are intended for weighing about three thousand The small hole in the ground (about smaller pumps); (2) that the specific use as general guidelines only and are pounds. 16 to 20 inches in diameter) seemed well yield is ten gpm per foot of draw­ not recommended for use in determin­ Being rather brave (or extremely innocuous as we approached it, and I down; and (3) that once the well yield ing actual pumping lifts when buying foolish) I stomped out onto the base had a difficu It time imagi ning it as the equals the capacity of the aquifer, the and selling specific tracts of land. and knelt down to look into the hole­ " death trap" that it real ly was. The old well will continue to be produced at These maps are being reproduced not realizing the whole thing cou ld well site was a long way from Lubbock . a rate near the capacity of the aquifer courtesy of the Texas Department of easi ly have collapsed. when it was drilled many years ago, until pumping lifts are within ten feet Water Resources. but the city had finally grown around I don't know what I expected to see the farmer's field. when I looked inside the hole, but A housi ng area with hundreds of what I saw shocked me! Th e old six­ Book Publication Announced By Board kids was less than three blocks away teen inch casing of the well had sunk The Board of Directors of the Water the program is d es igned, through the, to the west and Lowery Field was into the earth, was now about five feet District authorized the printing of an use of the educational booklet, to within a hundred yards to the north­ beneath the bottom of the concrete educational booklet entitled, Chief reach children in elementary grades west of the abandoned site. It was an base and was still uncapped. But that Running Water's Story_ of High Plains four through six. inviting target for kids to explore. wasn't the horrifying part. Water at their March 1978, Board New Educational Tool Th e o ld, so lid concrete, well pump­ What startled me most was the meeting. The booklet has been printed Through the use of Chief Running base was about five feet long on its continued on page 4 ... "DEATH TRAP" and is currently being distributed to Water's Story, teachers in area schools elementary schools throughout the will have a new educational tool to aid District Acquires Educational Film District. them in presenting a basic knowledge The booklet illustrates basic infor­ of water conservation to their students. " Water On Demand", the title of a Water Dist ri ct service area is eligible mation concerning the Texas High In the comic book, Chief Running new film which illustrates well drilling to have the film shown free of charge. Plains water suppply. It illustrates the Water and his horse, Thunderhead, techniques, well construction tech­ Those organizations requesting a show­ origin of the water supply and also take two present day school children niques, how water moves to a well and ing of th e full color, 16 mm sound film, many of the ways we use our under­ on a ride back in time to the dawn of the importance of proper well spacing w ill be han dled on a first-come, first­ ground water (city, farm and industry). history where the story begins. The has recently bee n acquired by th e High served basis. It takes children through a normal book explains how the Ogallala got its Plains Underground Water Conserva­ After previewing the film, the Dis­ day's activities and shows them just water and retains it in its subsurface tion District. trict's Board of Directors suggested how much water they really use each "sponge" area. The film, approximately twenty (20) that it would make an excellent film day. It also illustrates many different Irrigation history is touched on and minutes long, is available for showing for showing to young farmers organi­ ways that water ca n be conserved. is covered from the ear ly settler's by contacting th e Public Information zations, 4-H and F.F.A. groups, various The distribution of this comic book efforts, through the " dust-bowl" yea rs Section of the District at 2930 Avenue school, civic and social groups, and to begins an educational program recently and on up to today with its conserva­ Q, Lubbock, Texas 79405, or by calling any other organization interested in adopted by the Board aimed at school tion practices. Such farm practices as 806-762-0181. Any organization in the this area of farm operation. children in the area. The first phase of continued on page 4 ... CHIEF RUNNING Page 2 THE CROSS SECTION April, 1978 HIGH PLAINS UNDERGROUND WATER CONSERVATION DISTRICT NO. 1

MAPPED AREA

I ___ ..JI

--.-1_1_ ___-,

iI I EXPLANATION -----i D 200 feet or less I D 200 to 300 feet I ! • 300 feet or more I I ___4- _____ J

I I

SEMINOLE•

Estimated Pumping Lifts Ogallala Aquifer 197 4

From maps prepared by the Texas Department of Water Resources-A. Wayne Wyatt, Ann E. Bell and Shelly Morrison April, 1978 THE CROSS SECTION Page 3 HIGH PLAINS UNDERGROUND WATER CONSERVATION DISTRICT NO. 1

MAPPED AREA

I ___ _JI

I -..----.-y...L-----, I j I I EXPLANATION ----i D 200 feet or less I D 200 to 300 feet I I - 300 feet or more

I I ----+-----J I I I I I ----,--J -p::l- I

I -----tI I I II

I I I L--,--- • I I Estimated Pumping Lifts I Ogallala Aquifer 2000

From maps prepared by the Texas Department of Water Resources-A. Wayne Wyatt, Ann E. Bell and Shelly Morrison Page 4 THE CROSS SECTION April, 1978

BOARD OF DIRECTORS Hale Count:r Precinct 1 J . B. Mayo, Secretary (CROSBY, LUBBOCK and LYNN COUNTIES) Mayo Ins., 1617 M ain , Petersbu rg James P. Mitchell, Vice P r esident ...... Wolfforth Clint Gregor y, Jr., 1980 ...... Box 98, P et er sburg Precinct 2 Homer Rober son, 1980 ···-······· B ox 250, P et ersburg (COCHRAN, H OCKLEY and LAMB COUNTI ES ) Henry S carbor ou gh , 1980 ...... Rout e 2, Pet ersburg S elmer H. Schoenrock, Secy.-Treas . .... Levelland Gaylord G r oce, 1982 ...... Box 314, P eter sbu rg Precinct 3 Bill J ohn H egi, 1982 ...... Route 2, Petersbur g (B AILEY, CAST RO and PARMER COUNTIES) A. W. G ober, P r esident ...... Farwell Hockley County P r ecinct 4 Jim Montgomery, Secretary (ARMST RONG. DEAF SMIT H . POTTER and 609 Austin Street, Levelland "DEA TH TRAP" ATTRACTS •• • (continued from page 1) RANDALL COUNTIES ! Billy R a y Car ter, 1980 ....,---···· · Rou te 5, Levelland Ray Ger k ······-·· ...... H er eford Leon Young, 1980 ...... Route 1, R op esv!lle cavern under the pumpbase. No doubt foot deep hole along with an unwary Precinct 5 Rob er t Phillips, 1980 ...... 218 Redwood , Levelland occurred over the years since the well child? The " double death trap" was (FLOYD a nd H ALE COUNT IES) J. E . W a de, 1982 ...... Route 2, L ittlefield a lot of erosion by natural causes set and baited for an adventurous Malvin A. J a r boe ·······························-··········· Floyd ada J ack Ea rl F ren ch, 1982, Rt. 3, Box 125, Levelland had been abandoned, but not all of child. COUNTY COl\11\llTTEEl\IEN Lamb County it-much of it had been excavated by We'll never know what is down in Armstrong- County human hands. the bottom of that hole. Probably lots Carroll Roge rs, Secretar y Rober t R ichards, S ecretar y Wayside, T exas 509 P helps Avenue, Littlefield To be sure of what I saw, I took a of rocks, soda-pop cans, candy wrap­ Cordell Mahler, 1979 ...... Wayside P . A. Wash in gton, 1980 ...... Box 124, Sprin glake flashlight and very carefully edged my pers and many other similar items. But J ames Bible, 1979 ...... Wayside Guy Watson, 1981 ...... Wayside J ack S tu bblefield, 1980 ···········-······· Box 397, S pade way back onto the pumpbase and are there other things, too? Bill He isler. 198 1 ...... Wayside Larry Lockwood , 1980 ···-····· Sta r Rt. 2, Littlefield Leslie Adams, 1981 ...... Wayside Billy J. L a n gford, 1982 ...... Box 381, Olton peered into the hole again. Sure Thankfully nothing else will be put enough, the scrape-marks on the walls Bailey County Edward F ish er , 1982 ...... Box 67, Sudan down its "death tube". Th e owner of Doris Wedel, Secr e tary were clearly visible where someone, the land has had it permanently sealed. Lubbock County H &R Block, 224 W . 2nd, M uleshoe probably sma ll children, had been You can't even see where it was any­ M a rshall Head, 1979 ···-··················· Rt. 3, Muleshoe Clifford T h om pson , Secretary H arold Layton, 1979 ...... R t. 2, Morton 2930 Avenue Q , Lubbock down in the small cavern mining it out more, thanks to the levelling of two Eu gene Shaw, 1981 . ···-········· Rt. 2, Muleshoe to make it a larger and more comfort­ mounds of earth. David Stovall, 1981 ··-··-·-················ Rt. 2, Muleshoe Don Bell, 1980 ...... Box 114, Wolffor th E rnest Ramm, 1981 ...... Rt. 2, Muleshoe Ronald Sch!lling, 1980 ·······-······-··· Route 1, Slat on able hiding and playing area. Also This "death trap" won't be sprung Castro County Gran ville Igo, 1980 .... 1304 8th Street, Shallowater found were old soft drink cans and a but there are others. Over fifty have Garnett Holland, Secretary Owen Gilbreath, 1982 ...... 3302 23 r d S t., Lubbock wooden window shutter that had ap­ already been found in a small area of City H all, 120 J ones St., Dimmitt Clifford Hilbers, 1982 ...... Rou te l, Box 14, Ida lou Anthony Acker, 1979 ...... R t. D. Nazar eth parently been used to cover the open northern Lubbock County and others Glenn Odom, 1979 ...... Rt. 4, Box 135, D immitt Lynn County hole of the casing. will not doubt be found-some like Jackie Clark. 1981 ...... Rt. 1, Box 33. Dimm itt W. A. Baldridge, 1981 ...... 608 W. Grant, Dimmitt Clifford Thompson, Secr etary How much more would it have taken this one, inside the city limits. 2930 Aven u e Q , Lubbock F can k Wise, 1981 ...... Rt. 4, Box IO, Dimmitt before the pumpbase thundered down The trap is set and baited and the s. B. Rice, 1980 ...... Route 1, Wilson Cochran County on its unsuspecti ng visitors? How unwary prey is about to be released­ W . M. Butler, Jr., Secr etary w. R. S teen, 1980 ·······················-····· Rou te 2, Wilson Western Abstract co., 108 N. Main Av e., M or ton Wendell Morrow, 1980 ···········-·-···· Rou te 1, Wilson much longer before the shutter disap­ for a summer of vacation fun and Her sh el M. Tanner, 1980, R oute 2, Box 36, Morton Gary Houchin, 1982 ...... Box 54, Wilson peared down the over one-hundred expioration? Danny Key, 1980 ...... Star Route 2, Morton F reddie K ieth, 1982 ...... Box 283, New Home H . H . Rosson , 1980 ···-··········· S tar Route 2, Mor ton K eith Kennedy, 1982 ...... Star Route 2, Morton CHIEF RUNNING WATER ••• (continued from page 1J Robert Yeary, 1982 ...... Route 2, Box 66 , Morton Parmer County Ken H orn, Secretary contour plowing, bench-leveling, stub­ include: Amherst, Anton, Bledsoe, Crosby County Cliffor d Thom p son , S ecretary Horn I n~urance Agency, Bovina ble mulching and using cotton burrs to Crosbyton, Dimmitt, Friona, Hale Cen­ 2930 Avenue Q, Lu bbock Floyd Reeve, 1979 ...... Box 876, Friona help soak up and hold more water are ter, Hereford, Lazbuddie, Lubbock Tommy Mccallister, 1980 ...... 209 N. Va n B uren , Ralph Roming, 1979 ...... 809 Ridg!ea Dr., Bovina briefly discussed. State School, Morton, New Deal, Lorenzo T r oy Christian, 1981 ...... Rt. 1, F arwell Edward S. Sm ith, 1980 ··--·-··· 102 N. Va n Buren , The book introduces the students to Olton, Petersburg, Plainview, Ralls, Lorenzo Dalton Caffey, 1981 ...... P.O. Box 488, F riona Pat Yoakum, 1980 ···-··-······--·-······ Box 146, Lorenzo Ronald Elliott, 1981 ...... R t . 3, Mulesh oe the hydrologic cycle and brings infor­ River Road Independent School District Mike Carlisle, 1982 ...... Route 1, Box 274, Lorenzo mation about city dweller's use of in Amarillo, Roosevelt, Slaton, Spad e, Alvin C. Morr ison, 1982 ...... Box 6, Lorenzo Potter County water into the story by means of aver­ Sudan, Sundown, Tahoka, Whiteface, Deaf Smith County F. G. Coll ard, III, 1979 .... Rt. 1, Box 433, Amar illo B . F . Cain , Sec r etar y W . J. Hill, 19 79 ...... 5503 Emil, Amarillo age gal Ions use d for various activities. and Whitharral. All of these schools County Cour th ouse, 2nd Floor, Hereford J im Line, 1981 ···························-··· Box 87, B ushland The main thrust of th e book is at have indicated that these booklets will George Ritter, 1979 ·········---··········· Rt. 5, H er eford Bill Cleavin ger, 1979 ...... Route 1. Wildorado Albert Nichols, 1981 ...... Rt. 1, Box 49 1, Amarillo the conservation practices needed to be used in classes before the end of J ames E. Higgins, 1981 ...... 200 S ta r St., H ereford Weldon Rea, 1981 ···········-··-··························· B ushland Garland Solomon, 1981 .... 303 Sunset Dr., Hereford insure that we will continue to have the current school term. Tom Robinson, 1981 ... 211 Cherokee Dr., Hereford Ra ndall County water for agricultural, busin es s, indus­ These books are being distributed Floyd County M r s. Lou ise T ompkins, Secr etar y trial and recreational uses in the future. free of charge to those sch ool districts Verna Lynne Stewart. Secr etary F arm Bureau, 1714 F ifth Ave., Can yon Floyd Co. Abstract, 215 W. California, Floydada Booklet Delivered within the Water District's boundaries . c. o. Lyles, 1980 ···············-········· Route 4, Floydada John F . Robinson , 1979 ...... 1002 7th St., Canyon During the month of April members Other school districts or individuals Connie Bearden , 1980 ...... Route l, F loydada Bill Dugan, 1979 ...... Rt. 2, Box 30, Happy of the District staff delivered copies of wishing to recei ve copi es of Chief Run­ M. M. S mitherma n , 1980 ...... Silverton S tar R t., Harry LeGran d , 1981 ...... 4700 S. Bowie, Amarillo F loydada Chief Running Water's Story of High ning Water's Story of High Plains Charles Huffman, 1982 ...... Rout e 1, Lockney J oe Albrach t, 1981 ...... P.O. Box 81 , Bushland G il bert L. F awver, 1982 ...... Route 4, F loydada J ack B ran dt, 1981 ...... Rt. 1, Box 280 , Canyon Plains Water to 25 schools in the Dis- Water are asked to contact the District NOTICE: I nformation regarding t imes and p laces of t he monthly County Commit t ee meeting can be trict's service area. office at 2930 Avenu e Q, Lubbock, secured from the r espective County Secretaries. Schools requesting copies of the Texas 79405, so that arrangements for Applications for well permits can be secured at the address shown below the respective County Secretary's n ame, except for Potter County; in this county contact w . J . H ill. booklet which have been delivered such distribution can be made.

SOt-6£ S\fX3.l '>1:>oaan, 0 3nN3A\f OE6i I "ON .l:>IH.lSIO NOl.l'lfAH3SNO:> .llWH3d SS'lfl:> ON0:>3S H3.l\fM aNnOH9H30Nn SNl'lfld H91H Published monthly by High Plains Underground Water Conservation District No. l, 2930 Avenue Q, Lubbock, Texas 79405

Volume 24-No. 5 Publication num ber 564920, Second Class Postage paid at Lubbock, Texas May, 1978 General Soil, Irrigable Land Maps Displayed by A. Wayne Wyatt 1) Mansker-Berda-Potter 1) Patricia-Brownfield-Tivoli of land for farming, industry and Page two of this issue of The Cross 2) Woodward-Quinlan-Vernon Soils with sandy surface layers and recreation. Section contains a generalized soils Mostly shallow and moderately deep loamy subsoils; and soils s a n d y Page three contains a generalized map of the High Plains of Texas which soils over limy earths, red beds or throughout. map showing three classifications of was compiled by the Texas Agricultural limestone; some deep soils with loamy the suitability of soils in the Texas Experiment Station and the Soil Con­ surface layers and clayey subsoils. 1) Triomas-Jalmar-Penwell High Plains for irrigation. The principal servation Service. The map illustrates Usually dry soils with sandy surface data source used in constructing these the various soils groups which can be 1) Miles-Springer-Woodward layers and loamy subsoils; and usually maps were first order U. S. Geological found in the High Plains of Texas. 2) Miles-Brownfield-Olton dry soils sandy throughout. Survey 7V2 minute topographic maps. Generally, each soils group has differ­ Soils mostly loamy throughout but These maps illustrate the elevation of ent characteristics such as its thickness, some with sandy surface layers and the land surface. Those areas which infiltration rates, the water holding A full size soils map for the State of some with clayey subsoils. Texas can be obtained from the De­ were rough and could not be irrigated capacity, and its susceptibility to wind without a large expenditure for land and water erosion. partment of Agriculture Communica­ 1) Abilene-Tillman-Vernon tions, Texas A & M University, College leveling were given the lowest rating. Some characteristics of the soil types 2) Abilene-Rowena-Miles Lands which were moderately sloping shown on the accompanying map are Station, Texas 77843. Soils with loamy surface layers and were given the second higher rating, as follows: Detailed soil surveys for most coun­ clayey or loamy subsoils; cracking and flat lands were given the highest 1) Amarillo-Acuff-Mansker ties in the Texas High Plains have been clayey soils; and some shallow soils rating. 2) Sunray-Conlen-Gruver compiled by the Soil Conservation over indurated caliche. 3\ Dallam-Sunrav-Dumas Service in coooeration with the Texas In addition to surface topography, Soil.s mostly loamy' throughout with Agricultural Experiment Station. Copies soii types an d their susceptibility to 1) Ector-Conger-Rock outcrop lime accumulation in the subsoil, some of the Soil Surveys may be ordered wind and water erosion were used as 2) Reagan-Conger-Ector with clayey subsoils. from the Superintendent of Docu­ key factors in constructing the map. Shallow and deep loamy soils; rock ments, U. S. Government Printing Generally, the sandier soils areas were 1) Pullman-Olton-Mansker outcrops. Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. The given a lower value and the tighter 2) Sherman-Gruver-Sunray individual county Soil Surveys contain soils a higher value. The area covered 3) Kimbrough-Slaughter 1) Kermit-Pyote-Wickett very valuable detailed information that by this map contains approximately Mostly soils with loamy surface layers Hummocky and duny soils mostly can be applied in managing farms and 17,000 playa lakes. The lake area and and clayey subsoils; some soils with sandy throughout; some have loamy ranches, in selecting sites for roads, much of the land sloping into the lake indurated to powdery lime within 20 subsoils with indurated to powdery ponds, buildings and other structures, were not classified as being suitable inches of the surface. lime accumulations. and in judging the suitability of tracts for irrigation in this study. District's Annual Water Measurements Completed The annual depth-to-water measure­ mum of 0.02 feet for Armstrong to a maximum depth-to-water for the Dis­ their mathematical difference. This ments were completed in January maximum of 1.96 feet for Crosby. The trict area is over 350 feet. A!though difference is specifically 18.77 feet 1978, in approximately 800 water level significance of these observations these depth-to-water figures do not which, with reservations, can be inter­ observation wells located within the would be to verify the continued de­ totally parallel availability of ground­ preted as the total average change in boundaries of the High Plains Under­ cline of the water table during 1977 water in storage, they do serve to the average depth to water from 1969 ground Water Conservation District in most counties at a rate which ap­ demonstrate the great variability in to 1978 for the entire District area. No. 1. These privately owned wells proximates, and in some cases exceeds, aquifer conditions inherent in the Use of th is specific figure, however, to are documentally maintained and mea­ the historical ten year average annual Ogallala of the Southern High Plains. sured each year by District employees. rate for corresponding counties. The District average depths-to-water describe any particular area of the Dis­ Information in the accompanying The table, "Summary of Water-Level figures are somewhat nebulous data, trict probably should be discouraged. tables concerning water level changes Measurements" presents county aver­ but their significance probably lies in continued on page 4 ... WATER and depths-to-water are indicative only ages for depths to water in feet below of that portion of the county within the land surface. The "Number of Wells" SUMMARY OF WATER-LEVEL MEASUREMENTS District. columns for both 1969 and 1978 refer 1978 1969 The table, " Average Decline of the only to those wells currently in the No. of Wells Depth to Water (Feet) Na. af Wells Depth to Water (Feet) County Measured Min. Ma x. Avg. Measured Min. Max. Avg. Water Table" presents a comparison program in 1978 that were also being Armstrong 9 116.56 162.88 137.87 9 106.22 145 .04 125.55 of the average changes in water levels measured in 1969. Bailey 57 24.77 166.21 97.37 46 22.56 137.17 83 .26 of the observation wells within the To somewhat clarify the average Castro 64 83.30 303.37 195.42 44 121.98 254.30 171.08 District area of each of the counties depths to water, tabulations of the Cochran 52 78.62 198.61 141.94 49 70.81 194.78 140.42 for the period 1977 to 1978 (one year minimum and maximum depths to Crosby 18 134.87 248.44 200.74 11 119.13 199.90 178.18 Deaf Smith 79 59 .15 335.30 197.42 54 57.11 309.29 169.43 change) and for the average annual water reported in individual wells in Floyd 89 63.43 316.98 211.99 70 60.59 294.50 191.58 changes for the period 1969 to 1978 each of the counties is also presented. Hale 16 86.69 206.48 142.10 14 83.30 186.82 136.19 (ten year average annual change). It Inspection of this data reported for the Hockley 75 44.95 193 .55 126.96 72 41.44 190.42 124.39 is interesting to note that eleven of the District Counties in 1978 develops ap­ Lamb 71 36.96 223.43 130.88 58 32.25 193.61 113 .64 Lubbock 112 15.44 213 .66 131.54 105 4.90 212.20 121.44 fifteen District Counties have one year preciation of the extreme variables in Lynn 30 26.16 152.42 88.42 30 31.66 145.52 90.45 county averages in excess of the aver­ these figures within individual coun­ Parmer 60 174.62 368.62 262.29 44 146.70 324.28 235.84 age annual values for the ten year ties. Thirteen of the fifteen reported Potter 4 197.06 233.30 · 218.84 3 197.77 216.82 206.94 period. The differences for these differences in excess of 200 feet. The Randall 31 102.66 248.29 176.86 23 106.49 200.70 156.35 eleven counties ranged from a mini- difference between the minimum and District 767 15.44 368.62 163.39 632 4.90 324.28 144.62 Page 2 THE CROSS SECTION May, 1978 HIGH PLAINS UNDERGROUND WATER CONSERVATION DISTRICT NO. 1

I I I ~----- 1 I --.----,I I I i I iI

---,I MAPPED AREA I I t II __ ___J ______J I I I I

EXPLANATION

SUN RA Y- CONLEN-GRUVER

D DALLAM- SUNRAY-DUMAS

, SHERM- GR UVER- SU NRAY

D MANSKER- SERDA-POTTER D MILES- SPRINGER-WOODWARD

• PULLMAN- CL TON- MANSKER

• WOODWARD-QUINLAN- VERNON

D MILES- BROWNFIELD- OLTON

• AMARILLO- ACUFF- MANSKER

• PATRICIA- BROWNFIELD- TIVOLI

D ABILENE- TILLMAN-VERNON D ABILENE- ROWENA-MILES

TRIOMAS- JALMAR-PENWELL

D ECTOR- CONGER- ROCK D KIMBROUGH-SLAUGHTER I D KERMIT- PYOTE-WICKETT I D REAGAN- CONGER- ECTOR ----ei I i General Soil Map

I I _1I ______,_I ____ _

From m aps compiled by the Texas Agricultural Exp eriment Station and the Soil Conservation Se rvice-Godfrey, McKee & Oaks, May, 1978 THE CROSS SECTION Page 3

HIGH PLAINS UNDERGROUND WATER CONSERVATION DISTRICT NO. 1

MAPPED AREA

~mf,¥,,1-...,orthern Hi gh Plains

I Ir---,--- i i I I I I ------..i.-1.__ --_rl____ r_ I I EXPLANATION : CJ i I i D 50%-75% Suitable for Irrigation • 25%-50% Suitable for Irrigation ~--1~---+----+- Less than 25% Suitable for Irrigation i i i IL

I Soils Suitable For I Irrigation I I i I L ____1 I ____ ---L.I _____ ...JI

Compiled from maps and other data from the U. S. Bureau of Reclamation, Te xas Agricultural Experiment Station, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Texas Department of Water Resources, and U. S. Geological Survey. Page 4 T H E C RO SS SECTIO N May, 1978

District employee Oscar Riemer re­ cently res igned from his position as Engineer Technician to enter private bu sin ess. Oscar had completed more BOARD OF DIRECTORS Hale County than four yea rs of service with the Dis­ Precinct L J . B . Mayo, S ecretary (CROSBY, LUBBOCK and LYNN COUNTIES! Mayo Ins .. 1617 Main, Petersburg trict and had extensive contact with James P . Mitchell, Vice Pres ident Wolfforth C lint Gregory, Jr., 1980 . .. Box 98, Petersburg many of the landowners and operators Precinct '! Homer Roberson, 1980 ...... B ox 250, Petersburg throughout the area. His principal (COCHRAN. HOCKLEY and LAMB COUNTIES! H enry Scarborough , 1980 ...... Route 2, Petersburg work activities had involved aid and Selmer H . Schoenrock, Secy.-Treas. Gaylord Groce. 19 82 . .. B ox 314. Peter sburg assistance in solving water control and Precinct 3 Bill J ohn H eg i. 1982 ...... Route 2, P etersburg /BAILEY, CASTRO and PARMER COUNTIES! management problems, well spacing, A. W. Gober, President ...... ______Farwel! Hockley County water conservation techniques, and the Precinct 4 Jim Montgomery, Secretar y safety programs. 609 Austin Street, Levelland !ARMSTRONG, DEAF SMITH. POTTER and The District's Board and Staff regret R ANDALL COUNTIES > B!lly Ray Carter, 19 80 ...... Route 5, L evelland Ray Gerk ...... H er eford Leon Young, 1980 ...... Route 1, RopesvUle losing Oscar's talents, but understand Precinct 5 Robert Phillips, 1980 ...... 218 Redwood, Levelland his desire to have his own business (FLOYD and HALE COUNTIES) J. E . Wade, 1982 .... Route 2, Littlefield and wish him and his family every Malvin A. Jarboe . Floydada J ack Earl French, 1982, Rt. 3, Box 125, Levelland success in the future. OSCAR RIEM ER COUNTY COMJ\11TTEE1\IEN Lamb County Armstrong County Robert Richards, S ecretary Carroll Rogers, Secretary Wayside, Texas 509 Phelps Ave nue, Littlefield New Draftsman Cordell Mahler, 1979 ...... Wayside P. A. Washington, 1980 ...... Box 124, Sprin glake J ames Bible, 197 9 ...... Wayside J ack S tubblefield, 1980 ...... Box 397, Spade Guy Watson, 1981 ...... Wayside Hired By District B ill Heisle r , 1981 .. Wayside Larry Lockwood, 19 80 ... - ... Star Rt. 2, Littlefield Leslie Ada m s, 1981 ...... Wayside Billy J. La n g ford, 19 82 ...... Box 38 1, Olton The High Plains Underground Water Bailey County Edward F ish er, 19 82 ...... Box 67, Sudan Conservation District No. 1 is please d Doris Wedel, Secretary to announce the addition of Mr. Keith H &R Block, 224 W . 2nd, Mules hoe Lubbock County Marshall H ead, 1979 ...... Rt. 3, Muleshoe Clifford Thompson, Secretar y Whitworth to its staff. Whitworth ha s H arold Layton, 1979 Rt. 2, Morton 2930 A venue Q, Lubbock joined the District's Support Section as Eugene Shaw, 1981 ...... Rt. 2, Muleshoe D avid Stovall, 1981 ...... Rt. 2, Mules h oe Don Bell, 1980 ...... Box 114, Wolfforth a draftsman. Ernest Ramm, 1981 ...... Rt. 2, Muleshoe Ronald Schilling, 1980 ...... Route I, Slaton Whitworth is native of Lubbock Granville I go , 1980 .... 1304 8th Street. Shallowater a Castro County and comes to th e Water District from Garnett Holland, Secretary Owen G ilbreath, 1982 ...... 3302 23rd St., Lubbock City Hall, 120 J ones St., Dimmitt Clifford Hilbcr s , 1982 ...... Route I , Box 14, Idalou the Engineering Depa rtment of the Anthony Acker, 1979 ...... Rt. D , Nazareth Glenn Odom, 1979 ...... Rt. 4, Box 135, Dimmitt Lynn County City of Lubbock. Prior to his job with J ackie C lark, 1981 ...... Rt. I , Bo x 33, Dim mitt Clifford Thompson, Secretar y the City he was employed in private W. A. Baldridge, 1981 ...... 608 W. Grant, Dimmitt Fcank Wise , 1981 ...... Rt. 4, Box 10. Dim mitt 2930 Avenue Q, Lubbock business. Cochran County S. B . Rice, 1980 ...... Route 1, Wilson The District is pleased to welcome W. M. Butler, Jr., Secretary W. R. S teen, 1980 ...... Route 2, Wilson KEITH WHITWORTH Keith as its newes t staff member. Western Abstract Co., 108 N. Main Ave., Morton Wendell Morrow, 1980 ...... Route 1, Wilson Hers h el M. Tanner, 1980, Route 2, Box 36, Morton Gary Houchin, 1982 _ _ _ Sox 5'1, Wlisuu Danny Key, 1980 . .. .. Star Route 2, Morton Freddie K ieth, 1982 . .. Box 283, New Home "Water Measurements" (continued from page 1) H. H. Rosson, 19 80 ...... Sta r Route 2, Morto n K eith K ennedy, 1982 ...... Star Rou te 2, Mor ton Parmer County There are areas which exceed th is de­ Robert Yeary, 1982 Route 2, Box 66. Morton cline for the ten yea r period and other Crosby County Ken Horn, Secretary AVERAGE DECLINE OF Horn Insurance Agency, Bovina Clifford Thompson, Secretary areas which would not approach this WATER TABLE 2930 Avenue Q, Lubbock Floyd Reeve, 1979 ...... _ .. .. B ox 876, Friona figure. The significance of the average T ommy Mcca llister, 1980 ...... 209 N . Van B uren. R a lph Roming, 1979 ..... 809 Ridglea Dr., Bovina decline lies in the fact that dec lines Avg. Decline Avg. Annual Lorenzo Troy Christian, 1981 .. .. Rt. 1, F arwell Edward S. Smith, 1980 ... - ...... 102 N. Van Buren , are occurring in individual observation in ft. D ecline in ft. Lorenzo Dalton Ca ffey, 1981 ...... P.O. Box 488, Friona Pat Yo akum, 1980 ...... Box 146, Lorenzo Ronald Elliott, 1981 Rt. 3, Muleshoe wells to the extent that an average of County 1977-1978 1969-1978 Mike Ca rlis le, 1982 ...... Route 1, Box 274, Lorenzo their changes for th e ten year period Armstrong Alvin C. Morrison, 1982 _ ...... Box 6, Lorenzo Potter County 1.39 1.3 7 approaches 19 feet of water tab le Bailey l.58 l.28 Deaf Smith County F. G. Collar d , III, 1979 .... Rt. 1, Box 433, Amarillo B . F. Cain, Secretary W . J. Hill, 1979 ...... 5503 Emil, Amarillo decline. Castro 3.1 5 2.99 County Courthouse, 2nd Floor, H ereford J im Line, 19 81 ...... Box 87, Bushland The complete records of the indivi­ Cochran + 0.46 0.25 G eorge Ritter, 1979 ...... R t . 5, H e r eford Bill Cleavin ger, 1919 ...... Route 1, Wil d orado Albert Nichols, 1981 ...... R t. I, Box 491 , Amarillo dual wells in th e District water-level Crosby 4.28 2.32 J a m es E . Higgins, 1981 ...... 200 S tar St., H ereford Weldon Rea, 1981 ...... Bushland G arland Solomon, 1981 .... 303 Sunset Dr., H e reford observation well program, as previous­ Deaf Smith 1.88 2.56 Tom Robinson, 1981 ... 211 Cherokee Dr., H er eford Randall County ly discussed, are maintained in the Floyd 2.99 2.64 Floyd County Mrs. Louise Tompkins, Secr etary District files in the Lubbock office. Hale 1.72 1.15 Verna Lynne S tewart. Secr etary Farm B ureau, 1714 F ifth Ave., Canyon Floyd Co. Abstract, 215 W. California, Floyda da This informat ion is available for public Hockley + 0.02 0.33 C. 0. Lyles, 1980 ...... Route 4, Floyda da J ohn F . R obinson, 1979 ...... 1002 7th St.. Canyon inspecti on and is currently being used Lamb 2.83 2.09 Connie B earden, 1980 ...... Route 1, Floydada Bill Dugan, 1979 ...... Rt. 2. Box 30, H appy in preparation of a reproducible per­ M. M . S mitherm a n, 1980 ...... Silverton Star Rt., Harry LeGrand, 1981 ...... 4700 S. Bowie, Amarillo Lubbock 1.04 0.79 Floydada manent file to provide copies of the Charles H uffman, 1982 ...... Route I, Lockney Joe Albracht, 1981 ...... P.O. Box 81, Bushland Lynn 0.51 + 0.23 Gilbert L. Fawver, 1982 ...... Route 4, Floydada Jack Brandt, 198 1 Rt. 1, Box 280 , Canyon information to interested perso ns. If Parmer 3.20 3.23 NOTICE: Information regarding times a nd places of the monthly County Comm ittee meeting can be add itional information is n e e de d, Potter 1.89 1.05 secured from the respective County S ecretaries. please contact the District office at Randall 2.11 1.52 Applica tions for well permits can be secured at the address shown below the respecti\·c County S ecretary's name, except for Potter County; in this county contact V./. J . H il l. 2930 Avenue Q, Lubbock, Texas.

SOV6L SVX31 '>1:J088nl 0 3 n N3AV 0£6Z I 'ON 1:Jl~.lSIO NOl.lVA~3SNO:J 11~~3d SSVl:J ON0::>3S ~3.lVM ONno~ml30Nn SNIVl d H~IH Published monthly by Hig h Plains Underground Wa ter Conserva tion District No. 1, 2930 Avenue Q, Lubbock, Texa s 79405

Volume 24-No. 6 Publication number 564920, Second Class Postage paid a t Lu bbock, Texas June, 1978 Maps Depict Nitrate And Fluoride Concentrations

by Don McReynolds Texas Department of Water Resources, (N03) and fluoride. Each of these sub­ lines established by these regulations Two maps in a series of water qual­ and its predecessor agencies, have co­ stances, when present beyond certain would be expected to have validity for ity graphic representations for the operated in this data acquisition for a concentrations, may produce detrimen­ private water systems as well. Ogallala Aquifer are presented on number of years. The District has col­ tal effects upon those persons consum­ Maximum contaminant levels (MCL's) pages two and three of this issue of lected samples at the request of the ing such water. The parameters above for certain dissolved solids were estab­ "The Cross Section". The data repre­ State agency and received copies of which these detrimental effects are lished by the National Interim Primary sents the results of an accumulation of these analysis results. Over a thousand expected to occur, will be discussed Drinking Water Regulations. The MCL water quality analyses of groundwater analysis results have been accumulated later. for nitrate has been set at 45 mg/ I by this program in the District coun­ samples collected from the Ogallala The significance of the dissolved while the MCL for fluoride is somewhat ties. Aquifer and provided graciously by the solids in groundwater and other water more complicated. The MCL for Texas Department of Water Resources. The specific parameters illustrated by used for human consumption has, in fluoride is expressed as a range of from The High Plains Underground Water the included maps are concentrations recent years, received considerable 1.4 to 2.4 mg/ I. This range is tied Conservation District No. 1, and the in milligrams per liter (mg/ I) of nitrate publicity as a result of the passage of directly to the annual average maxi­ the Safe Drinking Water Act (Public mum air temperature of the area in Law 93-523) in 1974 by the United which the drinking water is consumed. Randall County Reimbursement States Congress. It has long been As the effects of fluoride consumption known that some detrimental effects are related to the total intake of fluo­ result from consumption of water con­ ride, the amount of water and thus t he Approved By Board Of Directors taining certain concentrations of vari­ dissolved fluoride in water that a per­ A. W. Gober, President of th e Board In other business at the meeting the ous dissolved substances. Previous at­ son drinks is greatly influenced by cli­ of Directors of the High Pl ain s Under­ Directors approved reimbursement of tempts to set recommended limits for matic conditions. Historically, it has ground W ater Conservation District over two thousand dollars to the Ran­ concentration of certain substances dis­ been speculated that an area of No. 1, said that the District's plan to dall County Tax Collector. The reim­ solved in drinking water were made by warmer climate produces greater con­ survey and report on water quantities bursement was made for expenses in­ the United States Public Health Service. sumption of drinking water by the in­ for the municipalities in the Water curred by the collector's office in col­ After passage of the Safe Drinking habitants and may increase the risk of District area " is one of the finest ser­ lecting and refunding taxes outside the Water Act on December 16, 1974 , the accumulation of fluoride in bodies of vices we can perform for our con­ District's boundary. The erroneous National Interim Primary Drinking persons drinking water that contains stituents" . collections were made as a result of a Water Regulations were set up on fluorides over extended periods of Gober made the remark following misinterpretation of the boundary of December 24, 1975, as guidelines for time. Speculation by some other recog­ Board discussion of the project at the the District in the City of Amarillo. quality considerations in water con­ nized authorities has somewhat diluted sumption by humans. Most of these this hypothesis. It is believed that regular monthly meeting of the Dis­ Also approved by the Directors was interim regulations are based upon the this previously recognized cause - ef­ trict's Board of Directors in Lubbock a " special" extension of seven well guidelines established by the Public fect relationship has been complicated on June 13. drilling permits of the City of Lubbock. Health Service in 1962. These interim by modification of climatic influences In outlining the program A. Wayne The seven wells, located in Bailey regulations went into effect on June by the use of air conditioning. It may W yatt, Manager of the Water District, County, will be completed within a 24, 1977, and are addressed primarily be assumed that this phenomenon has used charts, graphs and maps from an month according to a letter received to public water systems, but the guide- actual water supply survey of a town by the District from Gordon Willis, continued on pa ge 4 .. . " MAPS" in the District. Th e survey depicted Superintendent of Water Treatment for problems in the future for the un­ the City of Lubbock. The Directors named community. W yatt said that he issued the special extension for the six District Audit Results Available was withholdiing th e name of the town month period allowing ample time for until he has talked with the communi­ all contingencies and associated works The High Plains Underground Water and on checking to see that the follow­ ty's leaders about their dwindling to be completed. Conservation District No. 1 has an­ ing eight principal duties and services water supply, which he said could nounced that the annual audit of the were performed. The eight duties and Other items of business before the possibly be exhausted as early as 1986 District and County offices has recently services are: (1 ) issuance of permits Directors included reviewing and ac­ with no more growth in population, or been completed. and logs to drill wells, (2) maintenance as soon as 1984 with continued expan­ cepting the annual audit of the Dis­ In announcing the results of the of water well application permit jour­ sion. W yatt emphasized that there was trict; hearing reports on the Lubbock audits, A. Wayne Wyatt, District Man­ nal, (3 ) maintenance of active and adequate groundwater reserves within County well inventory and open holes ager, said that everything appeared to completed well permit and log files, reach of th e city to su stain their needs in Lubbock and Hockley County, re­ be in good order. The District office (4) acceptance and refund of permit for several decades; however, he felt ceived a progress report on the USGS­ audit was conducted by Edwin E. Mer­ deposits, (5) transmitting documenta­ the city needed to implement a plan Texas Water Development Board con­ riman and Company and found the tion to the District office, (6) conduct­ to acquire and develop these res erves tract and on the progress of the Dis­ office to be in a basis consistent with ing county committee meetings, (7) at an early date to avoid a water crisis. trict's water quality program. that of the preceding year. No major balance the check book each month Wyatt further explained the program Don Smith, Assistant Manager of the deficiencies were noted during the and (8) helping anyone desiring infor­ by saying that the District would offer District, reported to the Board on the audit. mation contained in the county office this service to any municipality within recent lnteragency Task Force meeting files. the fifteen county area it covered. He in Amarillo on Irrigation Efficiencies, The audit of the County Secretaries Errors noted in the audit were nor­ said that the program would be " strict­ the Soil and Water Conservation Dis­ was handled by Mr. Clifford Thomp­ mally minor and were corrected at the son, Chief of the District's Permit Sec­ ly voluntary; they can call on us to help trict meetings resulting from the Re­ time of each county office's audit. them in their water planning anytime sources Conservation Act of 1977 and tion, and Mrs. Norma Fite, the District's The results of the audits of the Dis­ they feel we might be able to lend on a recent meeting with the U. S. Bookkeeper. trict office, and each county office, are them assistance or give them some Bureau of Reclamation concerning the In conducting the county audits em­ available for review in the District technical advice in this area of exper­ "Llano Estacada Total Water Manage­ phasis was placed on insuring that all office at 2930 Avenue Q, Lubbock, tise". ment" study. monies were accounted for properly Texas. Page 2 THE CROSS SECTION June, 1978

HIGH PLAINS UNDERGROUND WATER CONSERVATION DISTRICT NO. 1

n i\ 1U1 VEGA • _J I /' I '-- v-.___,.- ---.i ~ ....-, AMARILLO r· I I 1..... , / \ "\ ' r1=_Pfj_A~ - .,------______1 ---l- __ P.Q T_Js._R_ ~~ --f,- _r-= -=- __ _ 1

1rr I •I f ~ ~ - ''U .....,, : I I I ~ ~ ~ I I ~ ,' f;,/"".'".s\; I SI MM S · I I ,/J ,/ ··,"i .. I I I I .,:{..J \\.-: ", I TEXAS ,--- I CANYON .. , '·.: ,I I UM RGE R ·"... 3., ;\ _t1 I -- 'f( I I r_/ '. ;,,\ I r-!1. ~---r,·;.,rt.1 .----! .... J )~ \ rR't I I ,.) I ""-...... ~I I I I WAYSIDE • J - - -,------~-~~~~~~~--L------~~~R~G~ L r-J ! I HAPPY ,'\. 1 ... J I L~ I__ J I , ?, I f I ,J '\ n I 1' ,N "t.... 1!\\.,../ Is--;.,. <' ,-,,"'-, DI MM IT T I . ,( ,j ) [.J TULIA - \"°"r9.~' ~ ""}>\ ~/ I ~\ L~ I 0 SILVERTON ;; I ~ I I'·~ '' HART I !' ~I \) KRESS I 'tl..S ------SWISHER ------r------~I BRISCOE ( I ) I ~ ,15 "5,l I SOUT H PLAI N~ ~ PLAINVIEW / -;_} I l) I ~...t I 'I I .c.1 LOCKN EY ( I l r·: HALE~ cENTER""'L--1 \ ,J@)o : =' '"''"" \ I ~ I ,.. '" I I ·t.\f, ,..-1 I PE TERS BURG I . I\. ) l a ERNATHY __ - ~ ------J ft7YD _I __ , ,.,,,, I - ) ' I ,.I" "'l I I "')"'-..·'""- , "ft I r' } .' I I L I I J ~.t.,,· I r, RALLS '"\ '?,,'\ ORENZO L. ' "'"' I CROS BYTON G \ < _} I "? "'·J"% l 1,.- I t i .? :\!, ~.r' .-,- <, ,,5"¥'J~.) EXPLANATION Concentration in Miligrams per liter /' " CRO SB Y G(i"RZA I I less than 5 I ~ I ' 5 • 10 I -, \ 10 · 15 Approximate Concentration of I I "',( 15 • 20 I D TA HOKA "1 Nitrate in the Ogallala Aquifer I ""J D 20 • 30 I ) i,,.,.<">,l,"".,l"' D 30-40 D 40 or more

Fr om computer drawn maps produced from th e Groundwater Quality Retrieval System, a part of the Texa s Natural Res ources Information System maintained by the Texa s Department of Water Resources. June, 1978 THE CROSS SECTION Page 3 HIGH PLAINS UNDERGROUND WATER CONSERVATION DISTRICT NO. 1

r: OLDHAM---- I• I TEXAS

V BOVINA O

I

O L AZB~DDIE O I _ 1~MFBQ. _ ------, I c SPRINGLAKE I J:J ~ .,, I PLAINVIEW r"-l ~ s'd i

2-3 3.4 04-5 5-6 6 or more

From computer drawn maps produced from the Groundwater Quality Retrieva l System, a part of the Texas Natural Resources Information Sys tem maintained by the Texas Department of Wa ter Resources . Page 4 THE CROSS SECTION June, 1978 District's Agricultural Economist Named The High Plains Underground W ater Conservation District No. 1 is pleased to announce that Mr. Jack Ri chards has joined its staff. Jack's primary duties will involve ca lculating cost benefits

BOARD OF DIRECTORS Hale County of water conservation practices. Jack Precinct 1 J. B. Mayo, Secretary also will assist in performing th e many !CROSBY. LUBBOCK and LYNN COUNTIES1 Mayo Ins .. 1617 Main , Petersburg field tasks performed by the District. James P. Mitchell , Vice President . Wolfforth Clint Gregory, Jr .. 1980 ...... Box 98, P eter sburg Precinct '? Homer Roberson, 1980 --·-···---- Box 250, P etersburg A recent graduate of Texas Tech (COCHRAN, HOCKLEY and LAMB COUNTIES) H enry Sca rborough. 1980 ...... Route 2, Petersburg University, Richards received a Bach e­ Selmer H . Schoenrock, Secy.-Treas . Levelland Gaylord Groce. 1982 ...... Box 314. Pete r sburg lor of Science degree in Agricultural Precinct 3 Bill John Hegi, 1982 ...... R oute 2, Peter sbur g Economics. (BAILEY, CASTRO and PARMER COUNTIES I Hockley County A. W. Gober , President . . Farwel! Richards recently married the former Jim Montgomer y, Secretary Precinct 4 Susan Schwarz of Abilene. Susan is I ARMSTRONG, DEAF SMITH. POTTER and 609 Austin Street, Levelland RANDALL COUNTIES1 Billy Ray Ca rter, 1980 ------Route 5, Levelland currently working on her degree in Ray G er k ·······--················---············ ...... Her eford Leon Young, 1980 ...... Route I , Ropesv1lle Food and Nutrition at Texas Tech. Precinct 5 Robert Phillips, 1980 ...... 21 8 Redwood , Levelland !FLOYD a nd HALE COUNTIES) J. E . Wade, 1982 ...... Route 2, Littlefield Th e District is pleased to welcome Malvin A. Jarbce ···············------···-----· ...... Floyd ada J ack E arl Fren c h, 1982, R t . 3, Box 125. Levelland Jack as its new est member. JACK RICHARDS COUNTY COM11'.IITTEEJ\1EN Lamb County Armstrong County Carroll Rogers, Secretary Robert Richards, Secr etary "MAPS" ... continued from page l Wayside, T exas 509 Phelps Av enue, Littlefield Cordell Mahle r, 1979 ...... Wayside P. A. Washington, 1980 ...... Box 124, Sprin glake caused a reduction in the daily con­ investigators, but at the concentrations J ames Bible, 1979 ...... Wayside Guy Watson, 1981 ...... Wayside J ack S tubblefield, 19 80 ------Box 397, Spade sumption of water and has probably found in most analyses of O ga llala Bill Heisler. 1981 ...... Wayside Larr y Lockwood, 1980 ...... Star Rt. 2, Littlefield reduce d th e potential for accumulation groundwater as depicted on the fol­ Leslie Adams, 1981 ...... Wayside Billy J . Langford, 1982 ...... Box 38 1, Olton of fluoride in humans who co nsume lowing map, it see ms unlikely for th is Bailey County Edward F isher , 1982 ...... Box 67, Sudan Doris Wedel, Secretary water containing this substance. affliction to result from this source of H &R Block, 224 W. 2nd, Muleshoe Lubbock County The effects of consumption of hu­ drinking water. Marshall H ead, 1979 ...... Rt. 3, Muleshoe Clifford Thompson, Secretary mans of certain co ntaminants con­ H a rold Layton, 1979 ...... Rt. 2, Morton 2930 A venue Q, Lubbock In summary, drinking water supplied Eugene Shaw. 1981 ..... Rt. 2. Muleshoe tained in their drinking water has been David Stovall , 1981 ...... Rt. 2, Muleshoe Don Bell, 1980 ...... Box 114, Wolfforth from the Ogallala Aquifer in its natural E rnest Ramm, 1981 ...... Rt. 2. Muleshoe Ronald Schilling, 1980 ...... Route I , Slaton documented by various researchers. In state is generally pleasi ng both from Castro County Granville I go, 1980 .... 1304 8th Street, Shallowater the case of nitrates, it has been ob­ an aesthetic and quality standpoint in Garnett H olland, S ecretary Owen Gilbreath, 1982 ...... 3302 23rd St., Lubbock served by recognized authorities that spite of the present concern over con­ City H all, 120 J ones S t .. Dimmitt Cliffor d Hilber s. 1982 ..... Route 1. Box 14, Idalou drinking water containing nitrate at Anthony Acker. 1979 ...... Rt. D , Nazareth ce ntrations of fluoride reported from Glenn Odom, 19 79 ..... Rt. 4. Box 135. D immitt Lynn County levels in excess of 45 mg/ I can cause some analyses of sa mples from the J ackie Cla rk. 198 1 ...... Rt. I. Box 33. Dimmitt Clifford Thompson, Sec r etar y W . A. Baldridge, 1981 ...... 608 \V. Grant, Dimmitt a health defect in infants known as aquifer. Fcank Wise, 1981 ...... Rt. 4, Box IO. Dimm it t 2930 Aven u e Q, Lubbock methemoglobinemia or " blue baby Cochran County S. B. Rice, 1980 ...... Route 1, Wilson disease" as it is commonly known. W . M. Butler, Jr. , Secretary w. R. Steen, 1980 ...... Route 2, Wilson Western Abstract Co., 108 N. Main Ave., Morton Wendell Morrow, 1980 ------Rou te 1, Wilson This condition results when the infant's DISPLAY BOOTHS TO BE H ershel M. Tanner, 1980, Route 2, Box 36, Morton Gary Houchin, 1982 ...... Box 54, Wilson blood is inhibited in its oxygen trans­ Danny K ey, 1980 ...... Star Route 2. Morton Freddie Kieth, 1982 ...... Box 283, New Home SET UP AT TWO EVENTS H. H . Rosson, 19 80 ------·· Sta r Route 2, Morton porting capability by the ingestion of Keith K ennedy, 1982 ...... Sta r Route 2, Morton nitrates. This condition is admittedly Action ha s been taken by the Dis­ Robert Year y, 1982 ...... Route 2, Box 66 , Morton Parmer County rare, but the potential for such a con­ trict's Board of Directors to approve Crosby County Ken Horn, Secretary Horn Insurance Ag ency, Bovina Clifford Thompson, Secretary dition exists in the use of nitrate con­ setting up dis play booths for t he Water 2930 Avenue Q, Lubbock Floyd Reeve, 1979 ...... Box 876 , Friona taminated water in excess of 45 mg/ I. District at two upcoming major events. Tommy McCallister, 1980 ...... 209 N. Va n Buren. R alph Roming, 1979 ...... 809 Ridglea Dr., Bovina Drinking water containing disso lved The first event will be the High Lorenzo Troy Christian , 19 81 ...... Rt. 1, F a r well Edward S . Smith, 1980 ------· 102 N. Va n Buren , fluoride can have both beneficial and Plains Agribusiness Expos ition w hich Lorenzo Dalton Ca ffey, 1981 ...... P.O. Box 488, Friona Pat Yoakum, 1980 ------Box 146, Lore nzo Ronald Elliott, 1981 ...... Rt. 3, Mulesh oe detrimental effects. The difference will run for three days at the Lubbock Mike Ca r lisle, 1982 ...... Route 1, Box 274, Lorenzo Alvin C. Morrison, 1982 ...... Box 6, Lorenzo results from the quantity of disso lved Memorial Civic Center. The show will Potter County fluoride present in the ingested water. Deaf Smith County be for the public at large and no ad­ F. G. Collard, III, 1979 .... Rt. 1, Box 433, Amarillo A beneficial effect that can result from B . F . Cain, Secretary w . J. Hill, 19 79 ...... 5503 Emil, Amarillo mission fee will be charged for attend­ County Courthouse, 2nd Floor, Hereford J im Line, 19 81 ...... ·------···---- Box 87, B ushland ingestion of drinking water containing ing. The gates will open at 11 :00 a.m. George Ritter, 1979 . ·····------···· Rt. 5, H er eford Bill Cleavin ger. 1979 ...... Rou te 1, Wildorado Albert Nichols, 19 81 ...... Rt. 1, Box 491, Amarillo concentrations of fluoride of about one and close at 9:00 p.m. on Friday, Sat­ J a m es E . Higgins, 1981 ...... 200 Sta r S t., Her eford Weldon Rea, 1981 ...... Bushland mg/ I may be a reduction of the inci­ Garla nd Solomon, 198 1 .... 303 Sunset Dr., H ereford urday and Sunday, August 25 , 26 and T om Robinson, 1981 .... 211 Cherokee Dr., H er eford Ra ndall County dence of dental caries, particularly for 27. The display booth for the District Floyd County Mrs. Lou ise Tompkins, S ecr etary children. Above this concentration will be a manned booth. Verna Lynne S tewart. Secretary F a rm Bureau , 1714 F if th Ave., Canyon Floyd Co. Abstract, 215 W. California, Floydada there is potential for development of An unmanned display booth will be C. o. Lyles, 1980 ...... ____ Route 4, Floydada John F . Robinson, 1979 ____ .. 1002 7th S t .. Canyon dental fluorosis or mottling of chil­ se t up for the District at this year's Connie Bearden, 1980 ------Rout e 1, Floydada Bill Dugan, 1979 ...... Rt. 2, Box 30, H a ppy dren's teeth. This condition may be Panhandle So uth Plains Fair. This M. M. Smitherman, 1980 ______Silverton Star Rt., Harry LeGrand, 1981 ...... 4700 S. Bowie, Ama rillo Floydada undesirable more from an aesthetic yea r's fair will run from September Charles Huffman, 1982 ... Route 1, Lockney J oe Albracht, 1981 ...... P .O . Box 81. Bushland Gilbert L. Fawver, 1982 . ... . Route 4, F loyda da J ack Brandt. 1981 ...... R t. 1, Box 280. Canyon viewpoint than a true health haza rd . 23rd through September 30th. The NOTICE: I n formation r egarding times a nd places of t h e monthly County Committee meeting can be High intakes of fluoride for long peri­ display will be set up in the Agriculture secured from the respective County S ecretaries. ods of time may be responsi ble for Building and will remain for the dura­ Applications for well permits can be secured a t the address shown below the respective County S ecreta ry's name, except for Potter County; in this county con tact W. J . H ill. skeletal fluorosis as reported by some tion of the Fair.

gov6L SVX31 '>13088nl 0 3nN3AV 0£6Z T 'ON 131MlSIO NOl1VAM3SNO:> llftUl3d SSVl:> ON033S M31VM aNnOM~M30Nn SNIVld H~IH Publ ished monthly by Hig h Plains Underground Wa ter Conservation District No. 1, 2930 Avenue Q, Lubbock, Texas 79405

Volume 24-No. 7 Publication number 564920, Second Class Postage paid at Lubbock, Texas July, 1978 Maps Depict Chloride And Total Dissolved Solids Levels By C. Don McReyno/ds Detrimental aspects of chloride and Two additional maps in a series similar substances for application on illustrating chemical water quality of crops is the effect such salts exert on the Ogallala aquifer are presented on the crop's ability to collect water from pages two and three of this issue of the soil through the plant roots. "The Cross Section". The parameters Directly tied to this problem is the illustrated on the maps are concentra­ leaching ability of the soil. If the soil tions in milligrams per liter (mg/ I) of leaches well, the chloride and other chloride and total dissolved solids soluble substances will probably be (TDS). flushed out of the root zone and be­ come Jess of a problem to the plant's Chemicals dissolved in water can be metabolism. If leaching is impaired, CENTER . PIVOT IRRIGATION on terraced land can be accomplished, as shown in the either beneficial or detrimental depen­ af?ove picture. Note how the tires of the second and third towers from th e right have excessive chloride and other sub­ ding upon the relative quantities of disappea red from view behind th e terra ce. This picture wa s taken of a highly sloping stances may accumulate in the root fi eld located north o f Olton on FM 168. substances present in solution and the zone and retard the water collecting usage to which the water will be placed. Wat e r containing certain ability of the plant roots to such an extent that yields are diminished. Center Pivot Irrigation On chemicals could be undesirable for human consumption, but might be Total dissolved solids, as the name quite beneficial or exhibit no detriment implies, includes the sum of all the Terraced Land Is Possible for irrigation or industrial usage. The dissolved chemical constituents in a water supply. As such , it is quite diffi­ By Patric W. Neil* on State Highway 86 . The Soil Conser­ reverse of this situation is also a possi­ bility. Virtually everywhere natural cult to set exact limits for this para­ Can cultivated land that has been vation Service technicians at Dimmitt groundwater from the Ogallala aquifer meter upon agricultural crops. The terraced be successfully watered with assisted in the design and layout of a is of good chemical quality and suit­ constituents of this total with their in­ a center pivot sprinkler irrigation sys­ parallel terrace job with necessary dividual effects as well as their com­ waterways on a 125 acre field on the able for most uses. tem? The answer to this question can The present limits for concentration bined effects would be subject to wide be yes. There are problems but these Kemp farm in 1967. This field had variations. The principal constituents been irrigated with a water driven of chloride and total dissolved solids can be overcome. Two such terraced in drinking water for public supplies which make up total dissolved solids fields are being irrigated with center pivot system before the terraces were and their relative proportions would installed. Since the terraces were in­ were established by the United States pivots in Castro County, Texas. Public Health Service in 1962. The be the primary consideration. Each One of these fields is on the Kemp stalled, this field has been irrigated and plant type may exhibit some reaction planted either in wheat and corn or recommended limit for chloride is 250 farm about two miles east of Dimmitt !o ~o_il water salinity or be affected by grain sorghum every year. The same mg/ I and 500 mg/ I is the recom­ mended limit for total dissolved solids. 1nd1v1dual constituents of irrigation IDALOU COUNCIL VOTES pivot syst em is used on this field and water. It would be difficult to set exact another acre field. By having one There are, however, drinking water 125 standards when so many variables are GROWTH MORATORIUM field in sorghum or corn and the other supplies being utilized successfully in involved. Idalou city councilmen voted unani­ field in wheat, the sprinkler system several areas of the United States mously in their Jul y 11 meeting to can water both fields at different times which contain these substances far in In summary, exact standards of ac­ deny an y new requests for land an­ of the year. Mr. Johnson, who man­ excess of the recommended limits. c.eptability for water containing chlo­ nexation to the City of Idalou "until ages the Kemp farm, is well satisfied . The recommended limits for irriga­ rides and for total dissolved solids the city's water problem has been with th is arrangement. tion water concentration of chloride must be established for the expected corrected." are subject to considerable speculation uses of the water. The range of vari­ The other terraced field in Castro The decision does not mean that the and variation. A generally quoted able conditions affecting such a pro­ County being irrigated with a pivot city can't grow or develop on land maximum acceptable limit of 350 mg/ I cess can be extensive and it would sprinkler system is south of Dimmitt already inside the city limits, but it of chloride may need some qualifica­ seem appropriate to recommend that on the Gene Brownd farm. A parallel does put a temporary moratorium on tion. The interaction of chlorides with each use should be individually evalu­ terrace job was installed on this farm the city having anymore outward other constituents of the irrigation ated as to water quality requirements. in 1977 with help from Soil Conserva­ growth. water may cause this limit to be higher The table " Classifications of Irrigation tion _Service technicians assisting the The decision was prompted by re­ or lower. The soil type, cropping Waters" is a generalized depiction of Running Water SWCD. A pivot sprink­ cent low water pressure problems in practices, irrigation methods and other the ranges and criteria suggested as ler system was also installed on the Idalou and by a growing concern that factors may also make this limit sub­ upper limits for normal plant, soil and Brownd farm to water about 125 acres residents may run low on available ject to variation. application conditions. in 1977. This sprinkler system is an water. electric powered system and is being Cou_ncilman Larry Work, reminding CLASSIFICATIONS O F IRRIGATION WATE RS L used for the first time this year. councilmen of the low pressure situa­ Total Dissolved Solids (mg//) Chlorides (mg/ /) tion, said that unless steps are taken In this type of irrigation set-up, all *Class I 350 - 700 70 - 250 to prevent it, "we will wake up some terraces need to be maintained. Where *Class II 350 - 2100 70 - 700 morning without water and it won't be a field has been terraced and is irri­ * Class Ill 1500 - 2500 350 - 700 gated with a pivot system some extra a temporary situation. Our need is Cla ss I Excellent to. good, or su itable for most plants under mos t conditions. critical." maintenance may be necessary. The Cl ass 11 Good. to m1urio us, harmful to so me cro ps under ce rt ain· conditions In clarifying the vote the council wheels on any pivot system leave o f so il, climate o r practices. said that the need was to take care of tracks and this could cause a problem Cl ass 111 Injurio us to un satisfacto ry, unsuitable under mos t conditions. those people already living in Idalou on terraced land if the terraces are not 1M cKee, J. E. and H. W . W o lf, " W ater Quality Criteri a". Ca lifornia State Water Quality Contro l Board Publica ti on No . 3-A ('1963). and not to add to the current problem. continued on page 4 ... CENTER PIVOT Page 2 THE CROSS SECTION July, 1978 HIGH PLAINS UNDERGROUND WATER CONSERVATION DISTRICT NO. 1

ntUt " f\_ VEGA C f \.. /\r--..__,,,- ----n...,.-, .....-, AMARILLO ,1 ~ 1- - '." --1 flJ)t!_A~ - .,.------, ___ L_____ .,l-Pgt{s_R1 _~~:( - - __:.~~ ~I

I I •I / I I I.....~ , I I ~ ,--- I I ,: I I I / !~'-"'·.,; _ I 1 SI MM S · I /4 ::_~ ·:·'° _I. __ I } flt"- i, .,._( JI TEXAS r ~ CANYO N Y ·;;:-. I I U~ARGER ~-7 \ ..\ 1 I wI - _ - I r: I 1 ('"/ ~'."0,- 1 I I _r-----~?~rt~ I or---.f~ ~ I I I l, I .r-.....,....._ ~------...l HEREFORD LJ ._ "" °""- I I I WAYSIDE l

I r-J I ~.,,. I- J I r4 ' I i D FRIONA ~-" • 'l .-" ,N 'c.. I l1S"\ ' 1\-flv~; ~J,_.,,,_ L DIMMITT LJ TULI A , ,r .,[,,\_ V BOVINA 5 ii! 3-' , lrs\ L~ I O SILVER TON ~ I ? I \','.:;;; ' LAZBU.DDIE HA RT I rt' \) KRE SS ~ I I 1:,-S TRO------r-- -SWISH- -ER------r-- I --BR ISCO-----~E '-- I I ~ ~~:::'.:.--:~G_ L SPRINGLAKE I l\ ~~s> ~ I ~ I) SOUTH ..r I PL AIN VIEW I PLAINS '--, OLTON . I I ,../ I .,.~ I u LOCKNEY ( I l D HADL ;-C-TER ~-1 \ I I ~ I \ I 1 0 FLOYDADA \ I I I I I •.... I ,..-'

I PETERSBURG[) I ) -4911.._.pc-...;• ._..-""--· --rr-!!E NAT HY - - - - ff LOYD I - -- . :::---- _J ,- > ~ I ""),~·""') ~~ j' " j I I l ~'""' I I n RALLS '\, t,\i, I [ > LO REN ZO Lr" < ~,g j I CROSB YTONQ. ~ ",, ,.! IO I '-, ,.,,,r,,~ i l i"' I , I ;/ .? ~s' L...r·"""''J~.) EXPLANATION ------:::-II.ATON . ~ Concentration in Milligrams per liter _CJ -0 ___ 0 _ ~i~!!.J' CJ 50 or less i 50- 100 I < \'< D 100- 150 Approximate Concentration of ""\ ( 11111 150- 200 Chloride in the Ogallala Aquifer [) TAHOKA I \ 200- 250 I ) D i_.""71"",,J"' 250-350 -CJ] 350 or more From computer drawn maps produced from the Groundwater Q uality Retrieval System, maintained by th e Texas D epartment of Water Resourc es, a part of the Texas Natural Resources Information Sys tem . July, 1978 THE CROSS SECTION Page 3 HIGH PLAINS UNDERGROUND WATER CONSERVATION DISTRICT NO. 1

n f\ l Ut Jl, VEGA O I /' c ~ r \.... V-._/1\I..., .., /"\ AMARILLO r 1--- :._,,----1 I I I/ \ ;"\-1 ("/ ' _r 10'=9 t:!_A~ - · L I POTTER '- r '-' ! --y: ------1, ------T-----0-1~ - - cf - - - :

i r ,--- I o , ,.: , I I I I\ I yp,:\/;··;;. I I SIMMS . : : ~ I /1· .di :_J '\\_,, : TEXAS r--- I ~CANYON ~ ) ~\:)

'1 · U B RGER ,~;.-;,, \.-1, l - ~ I I /jJ _r ----~~?\\~. I ~------..J D I I ~ l """"""'-""'- I r Q I I WAYS IDE • I 1-D~A~ ~M~T~ ______~ R£[email protected]·.r-..J-- L------~RMSTR~t~ 1 I l -' HAPPY I -'\L..., • r 0 ~j I ? I f D FRIONA J ,r.J • . ,"I I 1 .J', i.. It, A I Is'-\ < ,....,,,,.._ [] DIMMITT C) ..rt-, TULIA ~-,"\/;, J J L__/ , ' ·~''\ V BOVINA 1 ~ :r' ' I ts"-\ l,~ J . O SILVERTON ;;' I ;., I t','.:;J

L AZBU.DDIE .,; HART I ,-.J) f' I \) KRESS I 1'.._{ r _ ICAS TRO __ __ - ( } ;--SWISHER ______I BRISCOE ____'.; \

I I r,.,,..,SJ C SPR INGLAKE "'-'::, , I k5 . SOUTH ...,.. ~~J I """',. ,1 """ '-~.

I \ D HA GL - ~ R I \ l I \ p FLOYDADA f ·, ,.; ) ______J >'#, ,.I'" ~ I "').....,_,""'- ,l ~~ I' l, J'"'.\,,(' I CJ RALLS ''\, i~'\ C, LO ENZO Ll • ~:g CROSBYTON ~ "',~ 2 ·r·") 1.-,J,c~ .'I .? I f0S( I I ""V\L.'._,... ( J,_.,,J~,) EXPLANATION I I :_ WN Concentration in Milligrams per liter &OCH RAN !HOC i LUB D 400 or less I ------ITERRY ------TLY-NN I 400- 500 I--, Approximate Concentration of L_J-- D 500-600 11111 600- 700 Total Dissolved Solids in the D TAHOKA 700- 800 Ogallala Aquifer D 800- 1000 -C=1 1000 or more From computer drawn maps produced from the Groundwater Quality Retrieval Syst em, maintained b y the Te xas Department of Water Resources, a part of the Texas Natural Resources Information System. Page 4 THE C RO SS SECTI ON July, 1978 Comments From Dr. Jay Lehr We thought perhaps our citizenry agement can yield exce ll ent resu lts . and elected officials (past and present) Consider th e Texas High Plains Water might not mind a small pat on th e District, which pumps from the rapidly back, particularly from a highly re ­ depleting O gallala fo rmation. Ob­ spected member of the water industry, se rvers predicted twenty yea rs ago that BOARD OF DIRECTORS Hale County Dr. Jay H. Lehr. the entire supply would now be de­ Precinct l J . B . Mayo, S ecr etary Dr. Lehr is the Ex ec utive Director pleted . They even obtained IRS deple­ (CROSB Y, LUBBOCK and LYNN COUNTIES, Mayo Ins .. 1617 Main , Petersbu r g of the National Water Well Association tion allowances for falling water tables. James P. Mitchell, Vice President Wolfforth Clint Gregory, Jr .. 1980 _ ··-- __ Box 98 , P etersburg and Editor-in-Chief of the Water Well Today's projections show another Precinct ·"?. Homer Roberson, 1980 ______Box 250, P etersburg In an essay published as an thirty years of water still remaining. (COCHRAN, HOCKLEY and LAMB COUNTIES) H enry Scarborough . 1980 Route 2, Peter sburg Journal. S elmer H . Schoenrock, Secy.-Treas. Levelland G aylord Groce. 1982 Box 314. Petersburg editorial in the Jul y 1978 iss ue of the Such results are produced through Precinct 3 Bill J ohn Hegi, 1982 ... Route 2, Petersburg Journal entitled " How America Can intelligent management of resources. !BAILEY, CAST RO a nd PARMER COUNTIES! Invest in Ground Water", Dr. Lehr They can be repeated nationwide with A. W. Gober, President . FarweE Hockley County Jlm Mon tgomery, Secretary wrote: " . .. But even in the worst of accurate understanding of our ground­ Precinct 4 11 (ARMSTRONG, DEAF S MITH. POTTER a nd 609 Austin Street, Levelland conditions, proper groundwater man- water resources . .. RANDALL COUNTIES! Billy Ray Carter, 1980 ------· ------Route 5, Levelland Ray Gerk ------·-·--- Hereford Leon Young, 1980 ...... Route 1, Ropesville Precinct 5 Robert Phillip s, 1980 ... __ 21 8 Redwood , Levelland Well Permit Application Deposit !FLOYD and H ALE COUNTIES) J . E . W a de, 1982 __ .... --····--··- .... Route 2, Littlefield Malvln A. J arboe .. -· - Floydada Jack Earl French, 1982, Rt. 3, Box 125, Levellan d Raised By Board Of Directors COUNTY COl\11\IITTEEJIIEN Lamb County Armstrong- County In action at its July meeting, the hund red dollar per day fine. Carroll Rogers. Secretary Robert Richards. S ecreta ry Board of Directors of the High Plains In other business, the Directors were 509 P helps Avenue, Litt lefield Wayside, Texas Underground Water Conservation Dis­ briefed on the recent report given to Cordell Mahler, 1979 ______...... \Vayside P. A. Washin gton, 1980 ...... Box 124, Springlake J ames Bible, 1979 ___ _ Wayside trict No. 1 voted to approve amending the City of Sha ll owater concerning its Guy Watson, 1981 .... Wayside J ack S tubblefield , 1980 __ ..... ------Box 397, Spade Bill Heisle r , 198 1 Wayside Larry Lockwood, 19 80 ...... Star Rt. 2, Littlefield the rules of the District to call for a water supply. In the report prepared Leslie Ada ms , 1981 ...... Wayside Billy J. Langford. 1982 ...... Box 381 , Olton fifty dollar well permit application by the District, A. Wayne Wyatt, Dis­ Balley County Edward F isher , 1982 ---· ------· ------Box 67, Sudan deposit instead of the currently re­ trict Manager, reported that Shallo­ Doris Wedel, Secretary water had approximately seven and H&R Block, 224 W. 2nd, Muleshoe Lubbock County quired ten dollars. Marshall Head, 1979 ·--- ·---· - Rt. 3, Muleshoe Clifford T hompson , Secretary This new deposit amount will sti ll one-half years of water supply left in Harold Layton, 1979 Rt. 2, Morton 2930 A ven ue Q , Lubbock the aquifer underlying the corporate Eugene Shaw, 1981 Rt. 2, Muleshoe be refu ndable to the applicant if (1) David Stovall, 1981 Rt. 2, Muleshoe Don B ell, 1980 ...... Box 114, Wolfforth the application is denied by the Board, limits of the city. Ernest Ramm, 1981 .... Rt. 2. Muleshoe Ronald S chilling, 1980 ------Route 1, S laton Gra n vill e Igo. 1980 _ 1304 8th Street. Shallowater o r (2) if the application is granted, The Mayor and City Council mem­ Castro County bers have already formed action com­ Garnett Holland. Secretary Owen Gilbreath, 1982 .... __ 3302 23rd St., Lubbock upon timely receipt of correctly com­ Ci ty Hall. 120 J ones St., Dimmitt Clifford Hiibers. 1982 ______Route I. Box 14, Idalou pleted registration and log of wel I, or mittees to study various solutions that Anthony Acker , 1979 Rt. D , Nazareth were recommended by the District. Glenn Odom, 1979 . Rt. 4, Box 135, Dimmitt Lynn County (3) if sa id permit location is abandoned Jackie Clark. 1981 Rt. I. Box 33, Dimmitt without having been drilled, upon Wyatt sai d that there is " a definite W. A. Baldrldge, 1981 _ 608 W. Grant, Dimmitt Clifford Thompson, Secretar y Fsank Wise, 1981 Rt. 4. Box 10, Dimmitt 2930 Avenue Q , Lubbock return and surrender of said permit need for early action; however, the Cochran County s. B . Rlce, 1980 ...... ------·------Route 1, Wilson marked "abandoned" by the applicant. Shallowater city leaders are already W. M. Butler, Jr., Secretary w. R. S teen, 1980 ------Route 2, Wilson The change in the rules by the involved in considerations that sh ould Western Abstract Co., 108 N. Main Av e. , Morton Wendell Morrow, 1980 ...... ------Route l , Wilson give them adequate time to come up H er sh el M. Tanner, 1980, Route 2, Box 36, Morton Gary Houchin. 1982 ------·- _ Box 54 , Wilson Directors requires the publishing of Danny Key, 19 80 .. Star Route 2, Morton Freddie K ieth, 1982 ...... Box 283, New Home the rules change in one or more area with a lo ng term so lu'tion". H . H . Rosson, 1980 ------·· _ Star Route 2, Mor ton newspapers at least once a week for Keith Kennedy, 1982 _ Star Route 2. Morton Pa rmer County Robert Yea ry, 1982 _ Route 2, Box 66 . Morton two consecutive weeks. After meeting CENTER PIVOT ... continued from page 1 Crosby County Ken Horn, Secretary Horn I nsurance Agency, Bovina this legal requirement the new rule Clifford Thom p son, Secretar y properly maintained. The pivot system 2930 Avenue Q, Lubbock Floyd Reeve, 1979 ...... _ . Box 876 , Friona will become effective on September 1, itself should work satisfactorily on ter­ T ommy McCa llister, 1980 _ ...... 209 N. Van B uren, Raloh Homing, 1979 ______. 809 Ridgle a Dr., Bovina 1978. raced land. At first some adjustment Lorenzo Troy Christian, 1981 .... _____ Rt. 1, Farwell Edwa rd S . Smith, 1980 ------· 102 N. Van B u r en, The Board also heard a report from might be necessary. Lorenzo Dalton Caffey, 1981 ...... ---·--- - P.O. Box 488, F riona Pat Yoakum, 1980 ------·----· Box 146, Lorenzo Ronald Elliott, 19 81 R t . 3. Muleshoe Don Smith, Assistant District Manager, A ny sprinkler irrigation system needs Mike Carllsle, 1982 ...... Route I, Box 274, Lorenzo Alvin C. Morrison, 1982 ...... B ox 6, Lorenzo that 262 open holes have been found a certain minimum amount of water Potter County in Lubbock County as a result of a Deaf Smith County to operate satisfactorily. A pivot sys­ F . G. Collard, III, 1979 ____ Rt. 1, Box 433 , Amarillo recent field su rve y taken by the Dis­ B . F . Ca in , Secretary w. J . H ill, 1979 ... 5503 Emil, Ama r illo tem for 125 acres needs some w here Coun ty Courthouse, 2nd Floor , Hereford J im Line, 1981 -·- --- -·------·---· Box 87, Bushland trict. Letters w ere sent to the owners in the neighborhood of 600 gpm as a George Ritter. 1979 Rt. 5, Hereford Bili Cleavin ge r . 1979 _ _ ... Route I. Wildorado Albert Nichols. 1981 ...... R t . 1. Box 491, Amarillo of the land where the wells are situ ­ minimum. All of th es e systems are J a mes E . Higgins, 1981 --·- ·--- 200 Sta r St., He reford Weldon Rea, 1981 ---· ------·- ---· ·-·-··----- B ush land ated advising them of th e potentially Garland Solomon, 1981 ___ 303 Sunset Dr., Her eford des igned to operate at a certain pres­ T om Robinson, 1981 ___ 211 Cherokee Dr., H ereford Randall County hazardous situation and asking them sure with a certain amount of water. Floyd County Mrs. Louise T ompkins, Secretar y to properly close the open well holes. Before purchasing any of these sys­ Verna Lynne Stewart. Secretary F arm Bureau, 1714 F ifth Ave., Canyon Floyd Co. Abstract, 215 W. California, Floydada In the initial follow-up, 31 sites have tems, it is very important to be certain C. 0. Lyles, 1980 ------Route 4, Floydada J ohn F . Robinson, 1979 1002 7th St .. Canyon been visited. Eighteen of the 31 were that there is an ample supply of irriga­ Connie Bearden , 1980 ------Route 1, Floydada Bill Dugan, 1979 __ Rt. 2, Box 30, H a ppy properl y closed with 11 improperly tion water. The amount of water ap­ M. M. S mitherman, 1980 ------· Silverton Star Rt., Harry LeGrand, 1981 4700 S. Bowie, Amarillo Floydada sealed and two sites wide open. plied to the land will depend on the Cha rles Huffman, 1982 .... Route 1, Lockney Joe Albracht, 19 81 ...... __ P.O. Box 81, Bushland Gilbert L. Fawver, 1982 _ ·- - Route 4, Floyda da J ack Brandt, 1981 Rt. 1, Box 280. Canyon Legal recourse to get the holes water supplied to the pivot an d rate NOTICE: Information regar ding times and places of the monthly County Committee meeting ca n be properly capped or closed can range of travel of the pivot. secured from the r espective County Secretaries. from a lien agai nst t he land for the Applications for well permits can be secured at the address shown below the r espective * Agricultural En g ineer, So il Conservation County Secretary's name, except for Potter County; in this county contact W. J . H ill. cost to cap the well, to a possible two Se rvice, Tulia, Texas.

SOtr6L SVX31 '>l::>088nl 0 3nN3AV 0£6Z I 'ON l:)lij!SIC NOllVAij3SNO::> 11VUl3d SSVl::> CN0::>3S ij31VM CNnOijDij3CNn SNIVld HDIH Published monthly by High Plains Underground Water Conservation District No. 1, 2930 Avenue Q, Lubbock, Texas 79405

Volume 24-No. 8 Publication number 564920, Second Class Postage paid at Lubbock, Texas August, 1978 Agricultural Water Quality Evaluated by D. D . Smith Group. As the infiltrati ng water passes their osmotic press ures to allow the of til th and structure, while the oppo­ Th e High Plains irriga tOI" ha s been through the soi l and rock column, it substitutio n of elec trica l conducta nce site is expected when sodium predomi­ blessed with water of such chemical dissolves minerals from the rock m atrix for th e more invo lved determinati o n of nates. quality as to be almost perfectly com­ in such proportions as to es tabli sh a os motic pressure. Electrical conduc­ Th e USDA Salinity Laboratory (1954) patible with the various so il s upon chemica l eq uilibrium. tance is defined as the ab ility of a defined sodium-adsorption-ratio (SA R) which it is applied. Natural rec harge In m ak ing an assess m ent of th e subs tance to co nduct an elec tric cur­ (Na -t ) chemica l com pa tibility of th e water rent. Specific El ectrica l Co nducta nce is to th e Ogallala aquifer must, and has of a water as SAR : __ ' (Ca , 2) + (Mg + 2) in th e geologic past, com e from pre­ w ith the soil for sustai ned irriga ted th e capability to conduct electricity of 2 cipitatio n w hich ha s filtered down agricultura l usage, potential problem a cube of th e substance o ne ce ntimeter where ion concentrations are ex ­ through the rocks of the Ogallala developm ent might be conveniently on a side, and for unifo rmity of report­ grouped into the broad categories of ing (in the case of water) at a sta ndard pressed in milliequivalents per liter. Sa linity, Permeability and Toxicity. temperature (77 degrees F) . Keeping Experimentation indicates a good pre­ TAES Field Day In this iss ue of " The Cross Section" in mind the probability that sa linity of dictability of the degree to which irri ­ the maps prese nted on pages two and the so il mo isture may be five to ten ga tion water will tend to enter into Set For Sept. 12 three depict the area l distribution an d times higher than th e sa linity of the cation-exchange reactions in so il. High quantitative va lu es for Specific Electri­ appli ed irriga tion water, os motic pres­ va lu es for SAR imply a haza rd of The public is cordially invited to ca l Conductance and the Sod ium Ad­ su re = 0.36 x (e lectrical conductivity so dium replacing adsorbed ca lcium attend the 69th Annual Field Day being sorption Rat io. Traditionally, the char­ of the soil extra ct x 103). and magnes ium, such replacement conducted at the Halfway Texas Agri­ acteri stics of water used to ad judge its A permeability problem related to hav ing the potential to damage soil cultural Experiment Station, which is suitability for irrigation have been the water quality occurs when th e rate of structure and tilth as previously out­ located 14 miles west of Plainview, on total concentration of sa lts indicated by water infiltra tion into and through th e lined. September 12, 1978, according to Dr. the specific electrica l conducta nce, the soi l is reduced by the effect of specific A diagram used widely for eva lu­ Bi ll Ott, Superintendent of the Lub­ percentage of sod ium, and the boro n, sa lts or lack of sa lts in the applied at in g the potential of waters for irriga­ bock and Halfway Stations. Activities chloride and su I fate conce ntrat io ns. water; therefore, the evaluation of the tion was published by the USDA for the field day are scheduled to be­ Si nee al I of these factors m ay vary over total salts in the water is esse ntial. Salinity Laboratory (1954) and is repro­ gin at 1 :00 p.m. considerab le ranges independently of Low sa lt content ca n res ult in poor so il duced with the maps. The specific This yea r's activities at the Halfway each other, the suitability of the water permeability due to th e capacity of conductance (used as an index of the Station will highlight such to pi cs as for irrigation must be judged on pure water to disso lve and remove disso lved so I i d s concentration) is weed control, mobile trickle irrigation analys is of the specific chemical con­ calcium and other so lubles in the soil. plotted on th e horizontal sca le and sys tem s, corn irrigat ion, cotton varie­ tent as well as th e total concentration. A comparison of the relative content ti es and a discussion on fa rm labor A sa linity problem related to water of sodium to ca lcium and m ag nesi um the SAR on the vertical sca le. The management. Station specialists wi ll quali ty occurs if the total quantity of in the water is also esse ntial. Calcium diagram is divided into 16 areas w hich be on hand at demonstratio n locations sa lts in the irrigation water is high and m ag nes ium in the proper propor­ are us ed to rate the degree to which a fOI" discussion of the dem o nstration as enough that sa lts accumulate in the ti o ns m ain tai n so il in good condition continued on page 4 ... WATER QUALITY well as to answer questions related to crop root zone. As excess ive quanti­ specific problem s within th eir area of ti es of so luble salts build up in the experti se. Th ere will also be agricul­ root zone, the plant has added difficul­ tural implement displays and exh ibits ty in ex tracting sufficient water from Number Of Permits Declines on the sta ti o n grounds for public vi ew­ the so il so lution. Th e electrica l con­ Through the first six mo nths of econo my. For instance, in 1977, ing fo ll owin g the field tour. ductivities and total disso lved so lids 1978, o nly 35 0 well permits have on ly 819 permits were issu ed- th e Th e field day program is a coopera­ contents of so il solutions have been been iss ued. This appears to be an sm all est number of permits since the found to be sufficiently well related to tive effort of the TAE S, the High Plains extension of a trend. Th e number District was formed 111 1953. The Research Foundation, the Sc ience Edu­ of pe1·mit applications closely parallels following table shows th e 1977 figures catio n Administration of th e U. S. De­ BOARD DISCUSSES partment of A gri cu lture, the National "ABANDONED WELLS" th e condition of the genera l farm in detail. W eather Service, the Texas Forest Th e Board o f Direc tors of the High Permits Issued New W ells Replacement Reported Service, and the Texas Agricultural Plains Underground W ater Conse rva­ County in 1977 Drilled Wells Drilled Dry Holes _ Extension Se rvice. tion District No. 1 postponed ac tion o n Armstrong 1 defining terms and adopting proce­ Bailey 76 60 8 3 PARMER OFFICE MOVED dures for declaring well sites aba n­ Castro 113 101 4 1 Mr. Clayton Williamson, City Man­ doned at th eir August meeting. Cochran 22 24 2 ager of Bovina, will become the new In-depth discussions of th e impact Crosby 3 3 County Secretary in Parmer County for of declarin g well sites aba ndoned filled Dea f Smith 127 102 9 the High Plains Underground Water m uch of the morning. The guidelines Floyd 83 67 11 Conservation District No. 1 effective to be es tablished by this ac tio n will Hale 26 23 2 August 21, 1978. be of increas ing importance as new Hockley 39 39 1 2 The new office location will be in appl ications are made for wells at or Lamb 131 113 11 the Bovina City Hall at 323 North near "abandoned well" sites. The Lubbock 72 59 3 Street, phone number 238-'J'I 16. All DirectOl"s clearly stated that th ey do Lynn 16 6 1 2 business pertaining to well permits, or not want to approach a so lu tion wh ich Parmer 93 117 11 other such activities, will be handled at wou ld deprive any landowner oi good Potter this new office. The office will be and valuable property. Randall 17 16 open from 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. The Board concluded that they Monday through Friday. continued on page 4 ... BOARD MEET TOTAL 819 731 64 15 Page 2 THE CROSS SECTION August, 1978

HIGH PLAINS UNDERGROUND WATER CONSERVATION DISTRICT NO. 1

30 n f\ I Ut fl, 28 VEGA O 26 r \__ /\r-._.,... r .., ...... , AMARI LLO r--1 , 1..-- .- I I l~ f{E \ /\ ,_J r , ~ r: o LDHAM- -- -{------, - ----_-- -, I • ~ I I i f .----' I Lr SI MM S · ~

200 250 400 600 750 1000 1500 2250 4000 O SPECIF IC CONDUCTA NCE IN MICRCMiOS PER CMl AT 25 DEGREES CE NTIGRADE

Cl C2 MEDIUM VERY HIGH SALINITY HAZARD CLASSIFICATION OF IRRIGATION WATER

Q TULI A

() KR ESS

. '# > ~ °'),'L;,_,..,.__\ "# l . ,: j l ~· RALLS ' "\ ',_,'-\. [] ENZO ' ~,g CROS BYTON Q. ~ '",, .f '7 1c,Jv% i~' ,.; I EXPLANATION . .'\! 0,f'.? ~ -,....- ~ ,.r.,,.e,J,:,£ _) MICROMHOS PER CUBIC r " CENTIMETER AT 25° CENTIGRADE LffiO~BJ' C:=J 500 or less Gf>-RZ A ~ 11111 500 - 750 ' \.'< ~, D 150.1000 ? - 1000-1500 D TAHOKA Approximate Specific Conductance I \ 1500-2000 I ) 0 of Water in the Ogallala k,,.,""""'"·-..l" - 2000 - 2250 2250- 2500 From computer drawn maps produced from the Groundwater Quality Retrieval System, maintained by the Texas D epartment of Water Resources, a part of the Texas Natural Resources Inform ation System . August, 1978 THE CROSS SECTION Page 3 HIGH PLAINS UNDERGROUND WATER CONSERVATION DISTRICT NO. 1

30 30 n f\ I U( flo 28 VEGA [__, ~ ~~ 26 \ \p.....__,.,.. nl .., .....-, AM AR ILLO r' - --1-- ~ -----i I ...., I/ \ "\,J r - , ~ L -----.,!P_QT_J~R_ -:::-!__ 1~ -- - _ :::_ - - ' 22 I I lr,-J 2C I I I

/ ~"c_l ~··:;: I A ,F',> \\-.,,., I )\ :,,"\.. J r:-f (;f I '"'{? - I '< :~\ I ...;. ..., ; "'J I

~~""\1 .r-...._ ..._ ...... _ AYSIDE • f

1 --~~.§..TB9¥3t~ L_ HAPPY ,'\ 200 250 400 600 750 1000 1500 2250 4000 O 3 SPECI FIC CO NDUCTANCE IN MICROMHOS PfR CM AT 1 }~>'") y'9J'J' 25 DEGREES CE NTIGRADE 1 J 'l-~c,~~~c~2~-r---,-c~,~.---~,.,-----, f'11 LOW MEDIUM HIGH VERY HIGH ,... ../ SALINITY HAZARD '\ n CLASSIFICATION OF "t° -!'' \, IRRIGATION WATER Irv~ A'"')' 1/""'l ~/"'""";' LJ TULIA , ,/r-' , • .,,_,~ ,-rj. ,;., ye ' is'-\~ L~ I 0 SILVERTO N ,j I ..;:;, ~ I t'·,,,,; I s--J\ !' \) KRESS I 1'__'{ -SWISHER------r-----I BRI SCOE -~(_ I ~ I J

PLAINVIEW ~ I ~ I NTER'--1 I I I I I I I I ----I L AMB------r J - - - - : I -~J

I I I I I I I I I I I I I ~OCHRAN IHOC D 1.00 or less I - -- - - !TERRY - 1.0-1.5 D 1.5 .2.0 - 2.0-2.5 Approximate Sodium Adsorption D TAHOKA D 2.5-3.o Ratio of Water in the Ogallala - 3.0-4.0 1111 4.0 or more From computer drawn maps produce d from the Groundwater Quality Retrieva l System, maintained by the Te xas D epartment of Water Resources, a part of the Texas Natural Resources Information System . Pa ge 4 T H E CROSS SECTION Aug ust, 1978 High Plains Irrigators Conserve Water by Jack W. Richards ground pipeline, both for the convey­ The High Plain s Underground Water ance of water to sprinkler and gated Distri ct cove1·s approximately eight pipe systems, the High Plains irrigation th ousa nd square miles which is ab out farmer is eliminating tremendous water 25 perce nt o f th e to tal area o f the Tex­ losses by infiltration and evaporation from irrigation ditches. BOARD OF DIRECTORS Ha le County as High Pl ain s. Th e W ater District's From an assumption base d on Precinc t l J . B . Mayo, S ec r etar y se rvice area contai ns about 47 perce nt a 1CP.OSBY. LUBBOCK and LY N c'i CO U'.'(TIES, , '1a yo I n s .. 1617 Main , Peters burg of the total number of irriga ted ac res 2,000 hour irrigation season, Water J nm('s P . /> l itcllell. V1c:e Pre~i cl cnt \\'olffort l: Cl inL G re~~· o r y, Jr .. 1980 - B ox 98. P eter sburg on the High Pl ain s. Th e irrigation District farmers , by utilizin g 10,500 Precinct '! H omer Roberson, 1980 --- Box 250. P ete rsburg miles of underground pipeline, are 1COCI-IRAK. H OCJ< l F. Y an d l.A,: R COUNTIES , fa rm ers within th e District rea lize the H enry S car borongh , 1980 noul e 2. P eter s b u r g conserving approximately 700,000 acre Selme r II. Schoenrock. Sccy. -Tren.-;. Pett· r sbun• importance of their underground water Gaylorcl G roce. 1982 Box 31 4. feet of water per season. This fantastic Precinc t 3 B ill J ohn H egi. 1982 -- R oute 2. Petersbur g and ea ch year are making steps toward •B ,\ 11.EY. C .~ST RO and PAR).I ER COUNT IES • in creasin g their conservation effort. savings would equal about 21 .8 million A \V. Gober. P r esident F a nYe!'. H ockley County gallons of underground water con­ Th e Texas Agricultural Extension Precinc t 4 Jim Montg omery. Secr et a r y served per irrigated farm each year in 609 Aus tin Street, Levelland Se rvice's High Plains Irriga tio n Survey I A l1i\lST i~f )l\'(i, llF.\ F fi\; !'I'll. POTTER r\n d the District. Th is enormous savings fl \!\Ot\ l. L cuc:-;T JES , Billy Ray Carte r . 198 0 Rau te 5, Levellan d co nducted in 1976, reported th at th ere illustrates one fac t very distinctly - Ray G etk Her eford Leon You ng, 1980 Route 1, R op esville were 10,5 00 miles of underground that District farmers rea lize the value Preciuct .; Robe r t Ph:llip s, 1980 ·--- ­ 218 Redwood . Levell and pipeline w ithin the District. This is 'FLOYD and H,\ LF. COUNTI FS) J . E . \\'ade. 1982 R oute 2. Litllefil'id of co nse rvation and have spent their approximately 56 perc ent of th e total ,Ialrln A. Jarboe F lo)'d a d a J ack Earl French. 1982, R t . 3. B ox 125. Le,·ellan cl hard earn ed dollars lo practice con­ miles of undergro und pipeline current­ COE:\'TY COJDIITTEDIE:\' La mb Count y servation. Arms tron g Co unty ly being utilized on the Texas High Ca rroll Rogers. Secretnry Robert Richards. S ecretary Pl ain s. Also, the survey reported that 309 Phelps A ,·enue. Littlefield Wayside. Texas 37 perc ent o f th e total number of acres Cordell ,Jal;Jer. 1979 \\'aysicll P. A. Washing ton. 1980 ____ Box 124 , S prin gla k e J ames B i!Jle. 19i9 \ \'aysicle J ack S tubblefield. 1980 ______-· Box 397, Spade irriga ted by sprinkler systems on the Guy \\'atson, 198 1 \\'aysictc B ill H e isle r. 198 1 \ \'aysic.ie Larr)' Lockwood, 1980 _ S t ar Rt. 2 , Littlefield Tex as High Pl ain s are within th e Dis­ Leslie }\dnms, 1981 \Yay s1 cl£' B illy J. La n g ford. 1982 ______B ox 38 1, O lton trict's boundaries. By utilizin g under- ...... Box 67 , Sudan Bailey Count y Edward F ish e r , 1982 . Dor is Wedel. Secr etar y BOARD MEET ... continued from page 1 H &R Block, 224 W. 2nd , M u leshoe Lub bock County C. l a r sh;1.ll llcn d , 19 79 Rt. 3, rduleshoe Clifford T homp son , S ec r e tary needed com men ts and suggestions H arold I.a) ton, 19 79 Rt. 2. I\lorton 2930 Av e n ue Q , Lubbock Eugene Snaw, 1981 Rt. 2. ;\lulcshoe fro m the Dist ri ct's 75 County Commit­ ___ B ox 1!4, W olffor th Dand Sturnll. 1981 Rt. 2, ;\lules hoe Don Bell. 1980 . tee men and th eir adviso rs as w ell as Ernes t Hamm, 198 1 __ . Rt. 2. ). l uleshoe R on a ld Schilling , 1980 ···-·--- R ou te 1, Sia ton guidance from the District's legal Ca stro Count y G ranv il le Jgo. 1980 13 04 8th S t reet. S h a llo\\'atcr Garnett H olland. Secretar y O\\'en G il breath , t 982 _ __ 3302 23rd St .. Lu bbock co unsel before adopting a definition City H al l. 120 J on es St., Dimmitt Cliffo r d Hilbers, 1982 ______Route I. B ox 14. I d a lou for an abandoned w ell and determi­ An t h o n y t\c; ker, 1979 Ht. D . Nazar eth Glenn Od om. 19 7!) Rt. 4. Bo x 135. D immitt Lynn County ning the procedure which will be used J ackie Clark. 198 1 Rt. l. Box 33. D immitt in making an abandoned well declara­ W . A. B a ld r id ge, 1981 60t: \\. Gra nt. Dimm itt Cliffo rd Thom pson, S ec r e t a r y Frank \.Vi se. 1981 Rt. 4, Box 10, Dimmitt 2930 A venue Q , Lubb oc k tion. Co chra n County S . B . Rice . 1980 ______---···· R oute 1, W ilson In other action the Board heard W. M. Butler . J r .• Secretary W . R. S teen . 1980 _ ------·- - R oute 2. W ilson Jac k Ri chards, staff Agricultural Econo­ Wes te rn Abstract Co., 108 N. Main Ave .. Morton Wendell Morrow, 1980 ______...... R o u te 1, W ilson mist, give a report on his study titled H e r s h el M. T anne r , 1980, Route 2, B ox 36, Mort on G a r y Houch in, 1982 . Box 54, \:Vilson Mr. ] . D . Sm ith, a High Plains farmer from Danny K ev. 19HO Star Ro111r 2, Morton l''rcdd1c K ieth , 1982 . .. Box 283, New H ome " Cost Analys is o f irrigation Di tc h Sudan, has recenliy been ap pointed as H . H . Rosson. 19 80 _ S ta r Route 2. Morton K eith K ennedy, 1982 Star Route 2. 1\1:orton Losses" and Ken Carver, Agricultural­ Texas State ASCS Committee Chairman. Robert Yeary, 1982 Route 2, Box 6G. Morton P a rmer County ist, gave a progress report on the study Cr osb y County Ciayton 'Will iamson. Secretary " A Summary of Irrigation Practices and WATER QUALITY .. • continued from pg. 1 Clifford Thom p son. Secr eta r y City Hall. 323 North Street. B ovina 2930 Aven u e Q, L u bbock Tec hniques in th e Southern High F loyd Rc: e ve, 1979 ___ _ B ox 876. Friona particular w ater may give ri se to sa lini­ Tom m y Mcc a llister , 1980 209 N. Va n B uren , Pl ains of Texas." Carve r's study is Lorenzo Ra lph Homing , 1979 .. 809 R id glea Dr .. Bo\·ina ty problems and undesirable ion­ Ed\\' a r d S. Smi th, 1980 ______---· 102 N. Van B u r e n . T roy Ch ristian, 1981 Rt. I, F a r \\'ell bein g done in cooperati on with the exch ange effects. Lo r enzo Dalton Caffey, 19 81 _ P.O. B ox 488. F riona Texas Department of W ater Res ources. P at Y oa kum, 1980 ------·· B ox 146, L ore nzo Water in the C1-S1 area of th e dia­ I\ I1ke Ca r llsle, 1982 . __ R oute 1, Box 274. Lorenzo Ronald E lliott, 1981 Rt. 3. M ulesh oe Ah·in C. Morr ison, 1982 . ·····- B ox 6, Lorenzo gram can be use d on virtuall y all soils P otter County WATER COMMISSION and almost all crops witho ut detri­ D eaf Smith County B . F . Cain. Secreta r y F. G. Coll ard. III, 197 9 ___ R t. 1. B ox 433 , Ama r illo APPOINTMENTS GET mental effects. With increas ing salini­ Coun ly Cou rthouse, 2n d Flo or, H e r eford W . J . H ill, 1979 _. ____ 5503 Emil. Am arillo ty, the tolerance for exchangeable G eorge R i tter. 1979 Rt. 5. H e r eford J im Line, 1981 B ox 87, B ush land SENATE APPROVAL B ill Cleavin ger. 1979 _ . Route l. \\'ilctocado sodium becomes more critica l in the R t. l , Box 491, Am arillo J ames E . H igg ins. 19 81 ______200 Star St .. H ereford Albert Nichols. 1981 Chairman Joe Carter, and M embers fine-textured soils. Ga r land Solom on , 1981 .... 303 Suns et Dr.. H er eford Weldon Rea. 19 8 1 ______.... -.. ,----- ______.. B u shland T om R ob inson, 19 81 ... 211 Cherokee Dr., H er eford Dorsey Hardeman and Joe Carroll, Th e tolerance of diffe ren t plants Floy d County R a ndall County were recently confirmed by the Texas must also be determin ed to make Verna L ynne S te\;·ar t. Secr etary Mrs . Lou ise Tompk ins. S ecretary F loyd Co. Abs tract, 215 \ V. C alifornia. F loydada Senate to positions on the Texas Water d ec isions on th e suitability of a given F a r m Burea u . 17 14 FifthC Ave .. a n yon C. 0. Ly les. 1980 ------··-----· .. Route 4, Flo)'d a d a Commission. All three men were ap­ ag ri cultural water supply. All of th e Con n ie B earde n . 1980 ______Rou te 1, Floydada J ohn F . Robi nson. 19 79 1002 ,th St .. Can)'On pointed by Governor Dolph Briscoe preceding disc uss ion has bee n pre­ M. M. S mithe r m a n. 1980 --·--- Silr erton S ta r R t., B ill D u g an, 1979 Rt. 2. B ox 30. H aPPl' Floyd ada la st September when the Department dica ted upon th e ass umption th e C ha r les H uffman. 1982 .. Route I. Lockney H arr y LeGrand. 1981 470 0 S . Bowie. Amarillo G il bert L. Faw\'er, 19 82 .. Route 4. F loydada J ack B rand t. 19 8 1 R t. I. B ox 280. Canyon of Water Res ources began operation. waters are applied to th e so il. Appli­ :SOTICE: I nformation reg arding tim es a n d places o f t h e mont hly County Com m ittee meeting can be Eac h of the three had served previous­ ca ti on by sprinklers offer a special s ec u r e,d from the respecti,·c Co u nty S ec r etar ies. ly as Commissioners of the Texas haza rd wh en usin g poor quality water Applicat ion s fo r well permits can be secur ed a t the a d dress shO\\·n below the r especti,·e Coun ty Secr e t ary' s name, ex cep t for Potter County; in this county conta ct \\'. J . H ill. W ater Ri ghts Commission. upo n se nsitive crops.

SOP6L SVX31 '}IJ088n1 0 3nN3flV 0£6Z I 'ON lJlijlSIO NOl1\fflij3SNOJ 11Wij3d SSVl:J ONOJ3S ij31VM aNnOij~ij30Nn SNIVld HmH PubHshed monthly by High Plains Underground Water Conservation District No. l, 2930 Avenue Q, Lubbock, Texas 79405

Volume 24-No. 9 Publication number 564920, Second Class Postage paid at Lubbock, Texas September, 1978 Lubbock, Cochran County Analytical Studies Available Studies of the amount of water in Only 1.0 million acre-feet, or 34 per­ Dr. Lloyd V. Urban the Ogallala Aquifer and projections cent, will remain in storage by the year for future years in Lubbock and Coch­ 2020. ran Counties have been completed by Nowhere within the county is the Appointed Assistant the Texas Department of Water Re­ water expected to be exhausted, but sources (TDWR). yields of wells will decrease and ex­ Director Of WRC Report 216, "Analytical Study of the pense of irrigation pumpage will in­ The Water Resources Center at Ogallala Aquifer in Lubbock County, crease. Pumping lifts in wells in Texas Tech University announced re­ Texas" and Report 217, "Analytical Cochran County range from about 100 cently that Lloyd V. Urban, Ph.D., P.E., Study of the Ogallala Aquifer in Coch­ to 275 feet. The study indicates that has been appointed as Assistant Direc­ ran County, Texas" chart the impact the range of pumping lifts in the tor of the Center. and future course of underground county will remain about the same Dr. Urban, who has been at Texas water depletion and its effect on irriga­ during the study period, 1974 through Tech since 1974 in the Civil Engineer­ tion water production in these two continued on page 2-STUDIES ing Department, has an outstanding counties through the next 44 years. background in research and work The reports were compiled by TDWR projects pertaining to water. He has staff members Ann E. Bell and Shelly Center For Public written numerous textbooks, hand­ Morrison. books and manuals, and has had many Guidelines provided in the reports Service To Offer articles and reports published in tech­ were obtained by the use of electronic nical journals and magazines. DR. LLOYD V. URBAN computers that simulate the aquifer's Water Symposium Dr. Urban has been honored with behavior and should provide the a number of awards including the guished Teaching Award and Honorar­ groundwater user in each of the coun­ Dr. Frank Baird, Professor of Political Hawley Fellowship from the Texas ium in 1977. He is a member of ties with reasonably good estimates by Science at Texas Tech University, has Section of the American Society of several professional organizations in­ which future management decisions announced that the Texas Tech Center Professional Engineers in 1967, the cluding Sigma Xi, the ASCE Environ­ can be made. for Public Service will sponsor a sym­ Outstanding Engineering Professor mental Engineering Research Council Lubbock County had about 5.5 mil­ posium on November 8 and 9, 1978, award from Tau Beta Pi for 1975-76 and the Registered Professional Engi­ lion acre-feet of groundwater in stor­ with the theme being "The Multi­ and the Amoco Foundation Distin- neers of Texas. age in 1974. The computer study faceted Water Crisis of West Texas." shows that 67 percent of this total, or The program will be held at the Lub­ 3.7 million acre-feet, will be left in bock Civic Center in Rooms 108-109. Three Groundwater Educational Films storage in 2000 if past water-use pat­ The symposium is designed to in­ terns and aquifer behavior are con­ form officials of government entities Made Available By District Directors tinued in the future. Only 2.6 million (municipalities, school districts, water The Board of Directors of the High normal wells and natural spring for­ acre-feet, or 47 percent, will remain in districts, other special districts, govern­ Plains Underground Water Conserva­ mation. storage by the year 2020. mental agencies, and the like) in the tion District No. 1 has approved the "Buried Treasure" looks at the many Nowhere within Lubbock County is vast West Texas region from Wichita purchase of two new films to be added uses of our groundwater and how we the water expected to be totally ex­ Falls to El Paso and from San Angelo to the other educational material in have been trying to find ways to make hausted, but yields of wells will northward to the Panhandle. the Water District's growing educa­ it last longer. It takes a look at a decrease and expense of irrigation Dr. Baird, project director for the tional library. The library, which has number of different practices being pumpage will increase. Pumping lifts symposium, said that the purpose of hundreds of published volumes con­ tried to recharge and conserve our in wells in Lubbock County now range the symposium is to provide informa­ cerning underground water and other treasure and at the constant search for from less than 100 feet to about 300 tion, insights, and possible alternatives related subjects, is a professional new reservoirs, and at the danger we feet. By the year 2020 pumping lifts in coping with the various aspects of library for use in researching this type pose to our underground water be­ are expected to approach 350 feet in the region's severe water problems. of subject and it is open for general cause of pollution from farms and some local areas. The increased lifts The program will focus on the follow­ use for students and professionals in industries and city run-off. will require more energy and thus ing four areas, 1) Public Water Sup­ this field of endeavor. According to Board President A. W . greater cost in bringing the water to plies: Quality and Quantity, 2) Stretch­ The two new films, both approxi­ Gober of Farwell, the films would the surface. ing the Water Supplies of West Texas, mately twenty minutes in length, are "make an excellent tool for use in our With the thinning of the aquifer 3) Federal Studies Related to Water titled, "Groundwater: America's Hid­ schools, for showing to business, civic, thickness, annual pumpage of water in Resources of the High Plains, and 4) den Reservoir" and "Groundwater: and social groups, or for anyone to Lubbock County will decline signifi­ The Carter Administration's National America's Buried Treasure." Both films view who would like a basic under­ cantly. Compared to the 161,000 acre­ Water Policy and State Efforts. are sixteen millimeter, full color, sound standing of where groundwater comes feet of water produced in 1974, the Anyone interested in attending the films. from." amount expected to be produced in symposium should contact the Division The films, along with the previously the years 2000 and 2020 is about of Continuing Education, Room 104 Depicted in the "Hidden Reservoir" purchased film, "Water on Demand­ 131 ,000 and 111 ,000 acre-feet respec­ Administration Building, Texas Tech film, by means of live photography and The Basics of an Irrigation Well", are tively, an overall decline of 31 percent. University, 79409. For those persons animation techniques, is the story of available for use by any organization Cochran County had about 2.9 mil­ attending and requesting it, the Divi­ the hydrologic cycle and how water in the District interested in these areas. lion acre-feet of groundwater in stor­ sion of Continuing Education will has gotten into the underground water The films will be shown free of charge age in 1974. The computer study shows award a Continuing Education Certifi­ reservoirs known as "aquifers." The by the District, if you will contact the that 55 percent, or 1.6 million acre­ cate if al l four sessions of the sym­ existence and functioning of such District's Public Information Section at feet, will be left in storage in 2000 if posium are attended. The registration natural phenomena as geysers and 2930 Avenue Q, Lubbock 79405, or by past water-use patterns and aquifer fee for the two-day symposium is artesian wells are explained along with calling 806-762-0181. behavior are continued in the future. $25.00. Page 2 THE CROSS SECTION September, 1978 Artificial Recharge Techniques Described In TDWR Publication The Texas Department of Water provide a means of placing water Resources has published a new report directly into an aquifer at a location by the U.S. Geological Survey which an d depth from which it can be describes methods and techniques that recovered. A MONTHLY PUBLICATION OF THE HI GH can be used to artificially recharge the The report contains in detail the PLAINS UNDERGROUND WATER CONSERVATION DISTRICT NO. 1 Oga llala Formation of the Southern U.S. Geological Su rvey's documented 2930 A venue Q , Lubbock, T exas 79405 High Pla ins of Texas with water ob­ ex planation of how water-spreading Telephone 762-0181 tained pri marily from the playa lakes. basins or injection wells can be used DEAN THOMPSON, Editor Supporting artificial groundwater for recharging the avai lable playa-lake Second Class Postage Pa id at Lubbock, Texas recharge as a water management tech­ water into the Ogallala aquifer in the Distr ict Office at Lubbock nique significant to the area, the report Southern High Plains. A. Wayne W yatt Manage r presents case histories of recent re­ Copies of this report are available Don Smith _____ Assistant Manager without charge from the Texas Depart­ Don Mc Reynolds ...... Chief. Technical Division charge experiments on the Southern T ony Schertz ...... Chief, Support Division High Plains, the results of laboratory ment of Water Resources, P. 0 . Box Clifford T hompson .... Chief, P e rmit Division studies of sediment flocculation of 13087, Austin, Texas 78711. The Re­ Kenneth Carver ·--- Chief. Agricul t ural Division playa lake water, and a cost analysis port Number is 220 and the title is Dean T h ompson .... _ Chief, Informa tion D ivis ion " Artificial Groundwater Recharge as a B utch Bates ...... Chief, Field Support T eam of described recharge systems. Obbie Goolsb y ...... Chief. P ermit Support T eam Under specific conditions, artificial Water Management Technique on the Da n Seale .. ______...... En gineer T echnician groundwater recharge by use of either Southern High Plains of Texas and New J ack Richards ...... ______Agricultural Economist Mexico." Keith Wh it wor th ...... Draftsman water-spreading basins or injection Mrs. Norma Fite ...... Bookkeeper-Librarie n wells is a substantiated means of stor­ Miss K ath y Redeker ...... Head Secreta r y ing water available from the playa Directors Approve Miss Pennye Newberry ...... _____ Cler k-Typist lakes. BOAR D OF DIRECTOR S Use of the water-spreading basins Pr ecinct 1 'TDWR Contract Hale County from which water infiltrates to the (CROSBY, LUBBOCK and LYNN COUNTIES) In its September meetin g the Board J . B . Mayo, S ecretary water table is the most economical J a mes P . Mitchell, Vice President . Wol fforth of Directors of the High Plains Under­ Mayo Ins., 1617 Main , Petersburg method of recharge in the area. The Precinct 2 ground Water Conservation District (COCHRAN, HOCKLEY and LAMB COUNTIES) Clin t Gregory, Jr .. 1980 ...... Box 98, P etersburg report cites an idealized spreading­ Selmer H . Schoenrock, Secy.-T reas. Levelland H omer Roberson, 1980 ...... B ox 250, P etersburg No. 1 gave Board President A. W. H enry Scarborough, 1980 ...... Route 2, Pet ersburg basin installation as one where water Precinct 3 Gober the authority to sign a contract G a ylord Groce. 19 82 ...... Box 314, Peter sburg is pu mped from a playa lake, treated (BAILEY, CASTRO and P ARMER COUNTIES) with the Texas Department of Water Bill J ohn Hegi, 1982 ...... Route 2. Pet ersbu r g with a chemical floccu !ant to speed up A. w. Gober , President ...... Far well Resources that calls for the District to Hockley County settling of the suspended sediment Precin ct 4 conduct certain geohydrological studies (ARMST RO G , DEA F S MITH. POTTER and Jim Montgomery, Secretary material, he ld in a settling basin to for the Department. R AN DALL COUNTIES! 609 Austin Street, Levelland allow sedimentation, and pumped into Ray Gerk ...... Hereford The studies are being conducted as Billy Ray Carter, 1980 ...... Route 5, Levelland one of three spreading basins. Precinct 5 a part of the overall United $tates Leon Young, 1980 ...... Route 1, Ropesv1lle Recharge through injection wells (FLOYD a nd H ALE COUNT IES) Robert Phillips, 1980 ...... 218 Redwood, Levelland Geological Survey study of the Ogallala Malvin A. J arboe ...... Floyda d a may be the most feasible method at J. E. Wade, 1982 ...... Route 2, Littlefield aquifer. The signed contract will call COUNTY COMMIT T EEMEN J ack E a rl F ren ch, 1982, R t. 3, Box 125, LcYclland sites where layers of low permeability for the Dist ri ct to conduct the st udies Armstrong County soils occur between the land surface Lamb County during a period of two years and will Ca rroll Rogers, Sec r etary and the water table. Injection wells Wa yside, Texas Robert Richards , S ecretary bring the District over $180,000 in Cordell Mahler, 1979 ...... :...... Wayside 509 Phelps Avenue, Lit tlefield James Bible, 1979 ...... Wayside income. Guy Watson, 1981 ...... Wayside P. A. Washington, 1980 ...... Box 124, Springlake STUDIES-continued from page 1 Bill Heisler, 1981 ...... Wayside J ack S tubblefield, 1980 ...... Box 397, S pade During the next two years, the Dis­ Leslie Adams, 1981 ...... Ways ide Larry Lockwood, 1980 ...... Star Rt. 2, Littlefield 2020, because of decreasing saturated trict staff will construct maps of the Bailey County B illy J . La n gford , 1982 ...... Box 381, Olton thickness of the aquifer and conse­ base of the Ogallala aquifer underlyin g Doris Wedel, Secretary Edward F ish er , 1982 ...... Box 67, Sudan quent diminishing well yields. H&R Block, 224 w. 2nd, Muleshoe the District area, construct maps re­ Marshall H ead, 1979 ...... R t. 3, Muleshoe Lubbock County With th e thinning of the aquifer flecting the 1980 elevation of the water H arold Layton, 1979 ...... R t. 2, Mor ton Clifford Thompson, Secretary thickness, annual pumpage of water in Eugene Shaw, 1981 ...... Rt. 2, Mul esh oe table, construct maps reflecting the David Stovall, 1981 ...... Rt. 2, Mulesh oe 2930 A venue Q, Lubbock the county wi ll decline significantly. 1980 saturated thickness of the aquifer Ernest Ramm, 1981 ...... Rt. 2, Mu leshoe Don Bell , 19 80 ...... Box 114, Wolfforth Compared to the 117,000 ac re-feet of and monitor neutron logging test sites Castro Cou nty Ronald Sch1lling, 1980 ...... Route 1, Slaton water produced in 1974, the amount Garnett Holland, Secret ary Gra n ville I go, 1980 .... 1304 8th Street, Shallowater to obtain information for ca lculating City Hail, 120 J ones St., Dimmit t Owen G il breath, 1982 ...... 3302 23rd St., Lubbock expected to be produced in the years natural recharge and irrigation recir­ Anthon y Acker, 1979 ...... R t . D, Naza r eth Glenn Odom, 1979 ...... R t. 4, Box 135, Dimmitt Clifford Hilber s, 1982 ...... Route 1, Box 14, I d alou 2000 and 2020 is about 94,000 and culation. J acicie Clark. 1981 ...... Rt. 1. Box 33, Dimmitt 69,000 acre-feet res pectively, an over­ W. A. Baldridge, 1981 ...... 608 W . Grant, Dimmitt Lynn County The Directors also heard staff re­ Frank Wise, 1981 ...... Rt. 4, Box 10<, Dimmit t Clifford Thompson, Secr etary all decline of 41 percent. ports on some of the Dist rict's on­ Coch ran County 2930 Avenue Q, Lubbock The reports contain maps, charts, going projects and recent activities. Of w. M. Butler, J r ., Secretary and tabulations which reflect estimates Western Abs tract Co., 108 N. Main Ave., Mort on S. B. Rice, 1980 ...... Route 1, Wilson particular interest was the request from Her sh el M. Tanner, 1980, Route 2, Box 36, Morton W. R. S teen, 1980 ...... Rou t e 2, Wilson of the volume of water in storage in the City of Bovina for the District to Danny Key, 1980 ...... St a r Route 2, M ort on Wendell Morrow, 1980 ...... Route 1, Wilson the Oga llala Aquifer in each county provide a water assessment study H. H . Rosson , 1980 ...... Sta r Route 2, Morton Gary Houchin, 1982 ...... Box 54, Wilson K eith K ennedy, IC 82 ...... S tar Route 2, Morton Freddie K ieth, 1982 ...... Box 283, New Home and the projected depletion of this similar to those done for the Cities of Robert Year y, 198 2 ...... Rou te 2, Box 66 , Morton w ate r supply by decade periods Shallowater and Idalou. Crosby Co unty Parmer County through the year 2020. The reports also Th e staff also reported that the Dis­ Cli!ford Thompson, Secretary Clayton Williamson, Sec r etar y 2930 Avenue Q, Lubbock contain es timates of pumpage, pump­ Ci ty H all, 323 North S t reet, Bovina trict's educational program centered Tommy Mccallister, 1980 ...... 209 N. Van B u r en , ing lifts, and other data related to Lorenzo Floyd Reeve, 1979 ...... Box 876 , Friona around the publication "Chief Running Edward S. Smith, 1980 ...... 102 N. Van Buren , R alph Roming, 1979 ____ .... 809 Ridglea Dr., Bovin a current and future water use in each Water's Story of High Plains Water" Lorenzo Pat Yoakum, 1980 ------· Box 146, Lorenzo Troy Ch ristian, 1981 ...... Rt. 1, Farwell county. has been dee med successful. As of the Mike Ca rlisle, 1982 ...... Route 1, Box 274, Lorenzo Dalton Caffey, 19 81 ...... P.O. Box 488, Friona Th e maps in the reports are intended date of th e meeting of the Directors, Alvin C. Morrison , 1982 ...... Box 6, Lorenzo Ronald Elliott, 19 81 ...... Rt. 3, Muleshoe Deaf Sm ith County for use as general indicators only and 19,187 copies had been hand delive red B . F. Cain, Secretary Potter County are not recommended for use in deter­ to schools throughout the District, and County Cour th ouse, 2nd Floor, Hereford F . G. Collard, III, 197 9 .... Rt. 1, Box 433 , Amarillo mining water ava ilab ility when buying many more had been mailed or picked G eorge R itter, 1979 ...... Rt. 5, H er eford W. J. Hill, 1979 ...... 5503 Emil, Amar illo Bili Cleavin ger , 1979 ...... Rout e 1, W il dorado and selling specific tracts of land. It up at the W ater District office. J a m es E . H iggins, 19 81 ...... 200 S tar S t., Hereford J im Line, 198 1 ...... Box 87, B ushland Garland S olomon, 1981 .... 303 Sunset Dr., Her efor d Alber t Nichols, 1981 ...... Rt. l , Box 491, Amarillo is reco mmended that a qualified The current program of testi ng wells Tom Robin son, 1981 .... 211 Cherokee Dr ., Hereford Weldon Rea, 1981 ...... Bushland groundwater hydrologist be consulted in the District for bacteriological con­ Floyd Co unty to make appraisals of groundwater taminants was ex plained to the Direc­ Randall County Ve rna Lynne Stewart. Secretary conditions when such transactions are tors. The initial stage of this program Floyd Co. Abstrac t, 215 W. Ca lifornia, Floyd a da Mrs. Louise T ompkins, Secretary c . 0 . Lyles, 1960 ...... - ...... Route 4, Floyda da F arm Bureau, 1714 Fifth Ave., Canyon contemplated. is currently underway with the mem­ Connie Bea rden, 1980 ------· Route 1, Floydada M. M. Smitherman, 1980 ------Silver ton Star Rt., John F. Robinson, 1979 ...... 1002 7th St., Ca n yon Copies of Report 216 (Lubbock bers of the Water District staff lea rning Floyd ada Bill Dugan, 1979 ...... Rt. 2, Box 30, Happy County) and Report 217 (Cochran sampling and testing techniques. Charles H uffman, 1982 ...... Route 1, Lockney Harry LeGrand, 1981 ...... 4700 S. Bowie, Ama rillo Gilbert L. Fawver, 1982 ...... Rou t e 4, Floydada Jack Brandt, 1981 ...... Rt. I. Box 280, Ca n yon County) are available without charge The Directors also approved a mo­ NOTICE: I nformation r egarding times and pla ces of t he monthly County Committee meeting can be from the Texas Department of Water tion setti ng as ide its normal October secured from the respective County Secret aries. Resources, P. 0 . Box 13087, Austin, meeting unless circumstances dictated Applications for well permits can be secured at the address shown below the r espective County Secreta ry's n ame, except for Potter County; in this county contact W. J . H ill. Texas 78711. that a meeting be held. September, 1978 THE CROSS SECTION Page 3 Federal Studies To Have Major ln1pact On High Plains Three Federal studies are currently homa, Nebraska and Texas that are economic impacts due to the declining few inches. Consequently, what ap­ underway that will have as the center using the water of the Ogallala Aquifer groundwater. pears to be a large quantity of water of their focus the High Plains and/ or and to develop a means of increasing This is an ongoing study with the is in fact very little. Congress needs to the Ogallala Aquifer. These studies are the water supplies of or to those areas. first status report being published in be assured that we do not in fact have being funded principally by the Federal The main thrust of this EDA study November, 1977. a large source of surface water which government, with some financial sup­ will be the determination of the effect is not being fully utilized before they port by State and local agencies. When of declining groundwater supplies on EDITOR'S NOTE can in good conscience pass legislation the studies are finished any actions or the economic growth or stabilization (These three Federal studies will in necessary for the importation of water recommendations resulting from these of the areas overlying the Ogallala all probability strengthen the High to the High Plains. This study should studies will be felt directly by all resi­ Aquifer. The study will cover the states Plains' chances for water importation document this fact. dents in the geographical area of the directly affected by mining ground­ to the area. For example, the "Llano The U. 5. Geological Survey Study High Plains Underground Water Con­ water, and its impact on other areas of Estacada Total Water Management to quantify the groundwater reserves servation District No. 1. the country that depend on the High Study" will quantify the amount of and project the likely depletion of USGS Ogallala Study Plains states to supply raw materials water collected in playa lakes and will these reserves will to some extent duplicate studies already conducted by The U. S. Geological Survey has and food supplies and on the ability of in all probability document that there state and local agencies in Texas; how­ planned an extensive study centering the High Plains states to continue as is in fact not a substantial amount of ever, the same types of studies have on the High Plains and the Ogallala ready markets for products and ser­ water collected in these playa lakes. not been made for the remainder of Aquifer. The total project is expected vices from the other states of the Also, that the water which is collected the Ogallala aquifer in the other Great to be completed in five years and will Nation. The study will also assess the in the playa lakes is being utilized al­ Plains States. This study is extremely include the development of a com­ impact to the area of going from an most completely by the High Plains puter model of the entire Ogallala irrigated agricultural base to a dry-land irrigator. This documentation should, necessary to illustrate to Congress that our water supplies are being mined Aquifer which underlies varying por­ farming base, with a resultant decline prove very important to correct a mis­ and that if the High Plains area is to tions of the States of Texas, Oklahoma, in the yields of crops. conception of the many visitors to the remain highly productive food and New Mexico, Kansas, Nebraska, Colo­ The EDA, with an initial Congres­ area. This misconception has resulted a fiber production area, that water will rado, W yoming and South Dakota (see sional appropriation of $3 million for at times when visitors to the area have have to be brought to the area from the accompanying map). The area of the first year of the study, is preparing flown over the area following a rain. some other source. Even though local the study encompasses some of the to contract out most of the work to a They have observed hundreds of lakes and state studies in Texas have docu­ finest food and fiber producing areas general contractor who will be respon­ which contained what appeared to be mented this fact, Congress is more of the United States. sible for the major portions of the huge amounts of water. Aerial obser­ prone to rely on studies made by their study. The general contractor will con­ vations of playas can be very deceiv­ own agencies when making large, long tract with the individual states for cer­ ing, even though the playa has a large term commitments. tain portions of the study pertaining water surface area, the depth of the to their particular areas of state farm­ water in the lakes is generally only a continued on page 4-FEDERAL level research, energy production im­ pacts and overall state impacts. Ap­ proximately one million dollars will be allocated to the six states for state­ level research. COLORADO KANSAS Of particular interest to residents of the High Plains area will be the work of the Corps of Army Engineers as it COLORADO KANSAS takes a new look at water importation 1-E W MEXICO OKLAHOMA to the study area. The Corps' work will include a reconnaissance level study looking at alternate w a t e r sources and conveyance routes which OKLAHOMA have been previously identified, at­ TEXAS tempt to identify new sources and con­ KLAHOMA veyance routes as well as updating studies previously completed. The SCALE IN ML.ES L e '00 200 Corps has been awarded $750,000 of the $6 million appropriation for its study effort. The purposes of the study, as out­ NEW MEXICO Bureau of Reclamation Study lined in the official work plan for the study, are to: 1) describe the water The third Federal study currently resource and the operation of the being conducted is the Bureau of hydrologic system ; 2) develop a re­ Reclamation's " Llano Estacada Total gional water-resources (and related) Water Management Study". The area data storage and retrieval system; 3) covered by this study encompasses the TEXAS design and develop a digital computer High Plains of eastern New Mexico and model (or models) of the High Plains northwest Texas and those portions of Colorado, Kansas, and Oklahoma lying aquifer system; and 4) evaluate STUDY__/ selected groundwater management south of the Arkansas River (shown in AREA altern atives to demonstrate the appli­ accompaning illustration). cability of the model (or models) and The principal water supply for the provide a hydrologic basis for the study area is ground water pumped economic evaluation of management from the Ogallala Aquifer. Because alternatives. this supply is rapidly being depleted, EDA Study the Bureau of Reclamation will evalu­ In October, 1976, the United States ate conserving and augmenting the Congress passed the Water Resources present water supplies. The study will Development Act and authorized a $6 place special emphasis on quantifying million study generally referred to as water supplies that may be available the High Plains-Ogallala Study. This from the playa lakes of the area. 50 0 50 100 150 200 authorization designated the Economic The main objectives of the study are SCALE OF MILES Development Administration of the to: 1) identify water supply problems U. S. Department of Commerce to and needs; 2) determine the quantity work with other governmental agencies and quality of surface water resources STUDY AREA and departments of all levels, and with (emphasizing playa lake water avail­ LLANO ESTACADO private interests, to study the natural ability); 3) evaluate the possible uses TOTAL WATER MANAGEMENT STUDY resources of the areas of the States of of playa lake water; 4) study related Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, Okla- water supply concepts; 5) and the Page 4 THE CROSS SECTION September, 1978 rrMr. Gus" A Friend To All NWRA TO MEET IN SAN ANTONIO Residents Of Texas High Plains The National Water Resources Asso­ ciation will hold its 47th Annual Con­ "Mr. Gus." handle the unique problems associated vention in San Antonio, Texas, from with irrigation tailwater. It's a name that's not really unusual October 8 th rough October 12, 1978. enough to be remembered long but Mr. A. Wayne Wyatt, the current The theme of the convention is to one that has remained in the minds District Manager, was one of those be "Natural Resources Policy Adrift." of many farmers and ranchers through­ Engineer Technicians. "Mr. Gus sort There are to be many activities for out the High Plains of Texas, eastern of took it as a personal challenge to conventioneers and their spouses. New Mexico, western Oklahoma and come up with a workable solution to Anyone interested in attending the hundreds of miles in all directions from the lake pump problem," according to convention should contact the NWRA, Earth, Texas. Wyatt. " One of our biggest complaints 955 L'Enfant Plaza North, S.W., Wash­ " Mr. Gus" is Mr. Gus Parish, one of to him was that most irrigators didn't ington, D.C., 20024, immediately. the original founders of the KMP Lake like to pump irrigation tailwater from the playa lakes because the centrifugal Pump Manufacturing Company of FEDERAL-continued from page 3 Earth , Texas. pumps used then had two major draw­ backs of having to be primed and they Th e Economic Development Admin­ A former Director of the High Plains didn't have the ability to handle trash istration study should illustrate the Underground Water Conservation Dis­ of any appreciable size and continue effects on the economy and the an­ trict No. 1, and long-time promoter of to work." ticipated decline in population in water conservation, Mr. Gus created this area as a result of their study. Even this family business in the early 1960's The District's technicians continued Doug Parish , manager of the KMP Lake more important will be the estimated basically as the result of complaints to frequently express their frustrations Pump Manufacturing Company, carries on effects of the decline in the availability he heard everywhere concerning poor­ to Mr. Parish . He then decided, in the the tradition of service sta rted by his of food and fiber for the people of this ly made tailwater and lake pumps. early 1960's, that he could build a father, Mr. Gus Parish . Doug is showing nation and possibly even more impor­ Some of the loudest complaints came pump which was self-priming and the construction of one of the 27 different tant, the loss of agricultural products from the Water District's Engineer capable of handling large amounts of types of pumps made at the shop located to be used in world trade to offset Technicians who complained to him trash and silts. After numerous trials, in Earth , Texas . trade deficit. We at the Water District that even though they could get High and many tribulations, Mr. Gus began are very pleased that these studies are producing the first of his successful Plains irrigators to agree to install irri­ for a gear box. It runs on sealed ball­ being conducted and hope that the pumps in 1962. gation tailwater return systems, there bearings (eliminating the oil bath) and ultimate result will lea d to the impor­ were no pumps available which could tation of water to the area. The first of his pumps was sold to a has a new tail design which keeps the farmer in Edmonson, Texas, and was mill balanced at all times. High Plains residents should not as­ sume that these studies will automati­ used as a test to see if the pump would Mr. Gus had accepted the challenge cally result in water being imported work under normal conditions. It again and is continuing to work on to the area. They should help in our worked well enough to let Gus make improvements to his windmill. a few more as tests and these early efforts on this behalf, however, much pumps led to the first of the regular "The windmill is going to become work will ha ve to be done on a local production models in 1963. Mr. Shirley more and more important at the com­ and state level to achieve this objec­ Chaney bought the first of the models, pany as time goes by and the energy tive. The people of the area should which had several minor improve­ prices keep rising," said Doug. He continue to manage their water sup­ ments, and it is still operating today. continued "we started the windmills plies as if water importation to the about ten years ago as a favor to a area will never come to pass and that "The development of the pump rancher-friend who was having too every drop must count.) went through a lot of changes to get high energy costs, and we started pro­ where it is now," according to Doug duction on them about five years ago. the shop trying to improve on current Parish, the son of Mr. Gus, and the We now produce and sell between two machinery and give advice and ideas manager of the firm today. "The pump and three hundred every year." in new areas. The company now pro­ employs a large, open-impeller cast Two challenges came his way and duces a large assortment of irrigation aluminum bowl assembly that is basi­ Mr. Gus met them head on. The first tailwater and playa lake pumps (27 cally the sa me today as it was in the came when he was already comfort­ different ones to be exact) and the first production model," continued ably semi-retired with no financial windmill. They are currently working Doug, "and we made the pump with need to start a new business. How­ on a device to make harvesti ng easier, the ability to be easily modified and ever, he saw a need that wouldn't go safer and more practical on land that modernized by exchange of new away by itself and it concerned some­ has been furrow diked. parts." thing he was totally involved with - The people of the High Plains owe "Mr. Gus" stands by the patented windmill Today the manufacturing firm is water conservation. His second chal­ a debt of gratitude to Mr. Parish, and drive from one of the new windmills pro­ working on a new idea for an old piece lenge was the new windmill, and with other's like him, who have invested so duced at his company. Th e chain and of equipment -- - they are producing typical West Texas perseverance and much of their time and resources in sprocket drive on these windmills elimi­ windmills. The company holds a patent ingenuity he came up with the pat­ serving their fellow man and in pro­ nates the need for a gear box of any kind, on its unique windmill that works on ented machine they now use. moting water conservation. thus keeping down possible future repair a chain and sprocket drive system, Though he is now "somewhere in Thank you! costs. which totally does away with the need his 80's", Mr. Gus works every day in " Mr. Gus."

sot6L S\fX3.l ·~:>oeen, 0 3nN3A\t 0£6? t 'ON .l:>IH.lSIC NOl.l'lfAH3SNO:> .llVUl3d SS'lfl:> ON0:>3S H3.l'lfM ONnOHSH30Nn SNl\tld HSIH Published monthly by High Plains Underground Water Conservation District No. l, 2930 Avenue Q, Lubbock, Texas 79405

Volume 24~No. 10 Publication number 564920, Second Class Postage paid at Lubbock, Texas October, 1978 rrF1orernost vVater Deaf Smith County Information Authority" Dies Highlighted In This Month's Issue Mr. Joe D. Carter, Chairman of the by Dean Thompson of this grain sorgh um is use d in and Texas Water Ri ghts Commission for Deaf Smith County was created from around Hereford in commercial cattle many years, died Tu es day, October 3, the Bexar District in 1876 with Tascosa feeding operations. after a prolonged illness. named as the county seat. It was at­ Grain processors in the area include Mr. Carter, a former lawmaker in tached to Oldham County for law and elevators with storage capacities total­ Texas had served on the three-man cou rt purposes. It was because of this ing well over 30 million bushels. commission that decides on water lack of close law protection, and be­ Arrowhead Mills, producers of whole­ ri ghts cases since 1961. He was reap­ cause the ranchers did not like going grain natural products, has spread the pointed to the Commission by former the long distance to Tascosa for official fa me of the fine wheat grow n in the Governor John Connally in 1968 and business, that the people from the area rich Deaf Smith soi l, an d is another one Governor Dolph Briscoe reappointed now known as Deaf Smith County of the major employers in the County. him to the Commission last year fol­ signed a petition for an independent Suga r beets have been grown in Deaf lowing the reorganization of the State's county. The petitio n was granted and Smith County for many yea rs , but in various water agencies into the Texas on October 3, 1890, an election was recent years have become a major Department of Water Resources. held and the County was organized. crop. Th e Holly Sugar Company's re­ continued on page 2 ... FOREMOST Hereford was legally incorporated as a finery located southwest of Hereford city in 1906 and is the County seat of uses beets from a ten-county area and Deaf Sm ith County. has produced as much as 200,000 tons First Deaf Smith Well In 1911 Si nce its incorporation as a City, of refined sugar in one year. The by A. W. Wyatt and jack Richards playa lakes. The first windmills in the Hereford has enjoyed almost continual Company also is a leading employer county are thought to have been drilled Early settlers in Deaf Smith County growth. Through the years si nce the in the County. It has approximately 75 in the 1880's. or 1890's. The fi rst irri­ first farmer broke the earth with a ful l time employees at its Hereford undoubtedly obtained their water from gation well s were drilled between 1910 wooden plow, the destiny of Deaf plant and is reported to employ more stre am flows in Tierra Blanca Creek and 1920. The following is a list of ten Smith County has been tied to an than 250 seaso nal employees. an d Frio Draw, as well as from the rain­ of the first irrigation wells completed agricultural base. Its rich soi l, abundant Agriculture has provided an exciting fall runoff water which collected in the in the county. groundwater supply, wide-open flat and prosperous past for Deaf Smith land, naturally abundant wild grasses County and the future appears to hold Owner Driller Dist. from Hereford Date of Comp. and good climate have made it a na­ much the same in store for the citizens 1. D. L. McDonald D. L. McDonald 4 miles North 1911 tural for crop and livestock production. of one of the leading counties in the 2. Alfred May D. L. McDonald 12 miles Northeast 1914 The growth of cattle feeding, spurred nation in the combin ed va lue of cattle 3. E. V. Holman D. L. McDonald 9 miles Northeast 1917 by an ever-increasing demand for an d agriculture. 4. Ernest May D. L. McDonald 12 miles Northeast 1917 meat, has made th is a major industry 5. Western National Bank in Deaf Smith County, particularly GMDA ANNUAL MEET of Hereford D. L. McDonald 7 miles Northeast 1917 around Hereford. Annual capacities of 6. E. R. Biggs D. L. McDonald 8 miles Northeast 1917 feedlots within a 50 mile radius of SET FOR DECEMBER 6, 7, 8 Hereford are more than three million 7. Th ompson and The Groundwater Management Dis­ head of beef cattle. Feedlot faci lities Blackmore Jim Mauk 6% miles North 1917 tricts Association 1978 Annual Confer­ for thousands of hogs and sheep are 8. Dr. G. W. Hea rd D. L. McDonald 3 miles North 1917 ence is sc hedu led to begin December also beginning to be of major impor­ 9. R. G. Wiseman Estate D. L. McDonald 14 V2 miles Northeast 1918 6, 1978, at the Hilton Inn in Amarillo, tance. The annual average va lue added 10. J. L. Johnson J. L. Johnson 3V2 miles North 1918 Texas, and will last through December to the economy of Deaf Smith County 8. 4000 The inefficiency of the first irrigation by its livestock industry is estimated to This year's conference is being co­ 3700 pumps and motors discouraged the be well over $125 million. A major development of irrigation wells in the example of this industry is the Armour hosted by the groundwater districts 3>00 county. Therefore, progress of irriga­ Company. Armour's Hereford plant and management associations of Texas tion development in the county was slaughters about 6,000 cattle each week and Oklahoma with Ron Neighbors, rather slow until the late 1930's and which are valued at approximately 3.7 the General Manager of t he Harris­ early 1940's w h e n more efficient million dollars. The company is the Galveston Coastal Subsidence District, pumps and motors became available. major industrial employer in the coun­ serving as the conference Program Chairman. A full slate of educational V> 2200 An inventory of irrigation wells in ty with a work force of over four ..J ..J Deaf Smith County in 1938 revealed hundred people on a year-round basis . and informational sessions is planned ~ 2000 that there were 171 wells in use at that Although the livestock activity (main­ for the conferees along with a sched ule ~ 1750 time. A second inventory was con­ ly feedlot operations) leads the way of special activities for the spouses of 0: _, 1000 those attending the conference. m,. ducted in 1946 at which time 404 wells each year in revenue produced, the i 12~ were counted. In 1947, 528 wells were farming activities in the County have Information and registration mater­

IOOO inventoried. No further physical inven­ long been considered its most stable ials are being mailed to GMDA mem­

100 tory of irrigation wells was conducted money producer. bers and other persons co nn ected with in Deaf Smith County until 1976 at The largest acreage crop produced the field of groundwater. Anyone which time the Water District inven­ in the County is wheat with produc­ interested in attending the Conference 200 toried 3,806 wells. tion averaging about five million can get complete details by co ntacting

19 53 19 55 19 57 1959 1961 1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 19~ 19 77 The Water District began issuing per­ bushels from about 150,000 acres of Kathy Redeker, GMDA Registration YEARS mits for wells in 1953. The attached land. Another large acreage crop in Coordinator, at the High Plains Under­ CUMULATIVE NUMBER OF WELLS graph illustrates the cumulative number the county is grain sorghum. Grain ground Water Conservation District COMPLETED UNDER PERMITS IN of wells drilled under permit in Deaf sorghum production averages more No. 1, 2930 Ave. Q, Lubbock, Texas, DEAF SMITH COUNTY FROM 1953·1977 Smith County since 1953. than 12 million bushels annually. Much 79405, or by phoning at 806-762-0181. Page 2 THE CROSS SECTION October, 1978 Ogallala Aquifer Saturated Thickness Depicted On Deaf Smith County Map by D. D. Smith In general, the composition of the The map plate displayed on page Ogallala in Deaf Smith County consists three of this issue of The Cross Section of discontinuous beds of gravels, sand, depicts the Saturated Thickness of the silt, and clay with numerous caliche A IIIONTHLY PUBLICATION OF THE HIGH Ogallala Formation in Deaf Smith horizons. Well yield expectations aver­ PLAINS UNDERGROUND WATER County. "Saturated Thickness" in an age 10 to 15 gpm per foot of available CONSERVATION DISTRICT NO. 1 unconfined aquifer is commonly de­ drawdowns. Th e re are, however, 2930 Avenue Q, Lubbock, Texas 79405 scribed as the vertical distance from the numerous areas in Deaf Smith County Telenhone 762-0181 water table to the relatively imperme­ where thick beds of dense clay mater­ DEAN THOMPSON, Editor able rocks (red beds) which form a ial exist with appreciable areal extent Second Class Postage Paid at Lubbock, Texas base or bottom for the aquifer. (for example the area surrounding the District Office at Lubbock Hereford Airport) and at these locales, Throughout most of Deaf Smith A. Wayne W yatt ...... Manager well yields are relatively small in pro­ Don Smith ...... _____ Assistant Manager County the base of the aquifer is portion to the aquifer thickness. Pore Don McReynolds ____ .. __ Chief, Technical Division formed by the Triassic shales of the Tony Schertz ...... Chief, Support Division spaces in clay and silt are generally Dockum Group. Apparently, the area Cl!ffor d T hompson ...... Chief, Permit Division very small, and do not readily yield was subjected to erosion throughout Kenneth Ca rver ...... Chief, Agricultural Division water to wells even though they might Dean Thompson ...... Chief, Informa tion Division all or much of the subsequent 140 contain large quantities of water in Butch Bates ...... Chief, Field Support Team million years after deposition of the Obbie Goolsby ...... Chief, Permit Support Team storage. Also, some local areas in the Triassic rocks and developed a mature Dan Seale ...... Engineer Technician County have high percentages of fine Jack Richards ______Agricultural Economist landscape. The elevation relief on this sand and silt within the saturated zone Keith Whit worth ...... Draftsman old land surface controls the vertical making good well design and con­ Mrs. Norma Fite ...... Bookkeeper-Librarian variability (thickness) of the Ogallala Miss K a thy Redeker ...... Head Secretary struction mandatory to prevent col­ Miss Pennye Newberry ...... Clerk-Typist Group deposition. lapse, excessive sand pumping and/ or BOARD OF DIRECTORS In Deaf Smith County, the Ogallala catastrophic failure of the entire instal­ Precinct 1 rocks range in thickness from a few Hale County lation. (CROSBY, LUBBOCK and LYNN COUNTIES) feet, or near zero where the formation J . B . Mayo, Secretary The prospects for future water avail­ James P . Mitchell, Vice President ...... Wolfforth wedges out against older rock, south­ Mayo Ins., 1617 Main, Petersburg ability are obviously much brighter in Precinct 2 east of Hereford, to near 600 feet in (COCHRAN, HOCKLEY and LAMB COUNTIES) Cl!nt Gregory, Jr., 1980 ...... Box 98, P etersburg the areas with the thicker saturated Selmer H . Schoenrock, Secy.-Treas ..... Levelland Homer Roberson , i980 ...... Box 250, P etersburg the ancient lake basin which appears Henry Scarborough , 1980 ...... Route 2, Petersburg sections. There are few, if any, areas Precinct 3 to have extended from the area of Milo Gaylord Groce, 1982 ...... Box 314. P eter sburg (BAILEY, CASTRO and PARMER COUNTIES) of the county where water wells could Bill J ohn H eg!, 1982 ...... R oute 2. Petersburg Center southward past the City of A. W. Gober, President ...... Farwell Hereford. The thickness of the satu­ be literally expected to go dry in the Precinct 4 Hockley County rated zone also varies from near zero (ARMSTRONG, DEA F SMITH. POTTER and Jim Montgomery, Secretary foreseeable future. Changes expected to as much as 300 feet in the immedi­ R ANDA LL COUNTIES) 609 Austin Street, Levelland through future years will be a gradual Ray Gerk ...... Hereford ate Hereford vicinity. The zone of Billy Ray Carter, 1980 ------Route 5, Levelland reduction in well yields as the rate of Precinct 5 Leon Young, 1980 ...... Rau te 1, Ropesville saturation is that interval of the forma­ (FLOYD a nd HALE COUNTIES) Robert Phillips, 1980 ...... 218 Redwood , Levelland tion where the pore spaces and voids demand at each installation exceeds Malvin A. J arboe ...... Floydada J. E. Wade, 1982 ...... Route 2, Littlefield in the rocks are filled with water. the aquifer limitations at the site. COUNTY COMMITTEEMEN J ack Earl French, 1982, R t. 3, Box 125, Levelland Armstrong County Ca rroll Rogers, Secretary Lamb County Wayside, Texas Robert Richards, Secretary Deaf Smith County Farmers Practice Cordell Ma h ler, 1979 ...... Wayside 509 Phelps Avenue, Littlefield J ames Bible, 1979 ...... ______Wayside Guy Watson , 1981 ...... Wayside . P . A. Washington, 1980 ···-·-- Box 124, Sprin glake Excellent Conservation Techniques Bill Heisler. 198 1 ______...... Wayside Jack S tubblefield, 1980 ···········-····· Box 397, Spade Leslie Adams, 1981 ...... Wayside Larry Lockwood, 1980 ---·· Star Rt. 2, Littlefield by Jack W. Richards There are numerous other water Balley County Billy J. Langford, 1982 ...... Box 381, Olton and Kenneth Carver Doris Wedel, Secretary Edward Fisher, 1982 ...... Box 67, Sudan conservation measures being employed H&R Block, 224 W. 2nd, Muleshoe by irrigators in the county. However, Lubbock County The farmers in Deaf Smith County Ma r sh a ll H ead, 1979 ...... Rt. 3, Muleshoe if one judges only by these four major H a rold Layton, 1979 ...... Rt. 2, Morton Clifford Thompson, Secretary are very water conservation minded Eugen e Sh a w, rns1 ...... Rt. 2, Muleshoe efforts the effectiveness of water con­ D avid S tovall, 1981 ------Rt. 2, Muleshoe 2930 Avenue Q , Lubbock and are to be commended for their Ernest Ramm, 1981 ------Rt. 2, Muleshoe Don Bell, 1980 ...... Box 114, Wolfforth conservation efforts. Examples of some servation being practiced by irrigators Castro County Ronald Schilling, 1980 ...... Route l , Slaton of the conservation practices being in the county, he should be truly im­ G arnett Holland, Secretary Granville I go, 1980 .... 1304 8th Street, Shallowater City Hall, 120 Jones St., Dimmitt utilized in the county are as follows: pressed. A conservative estimate of Owen Gilbreath, 1982 ...... 3302 23rd St., Lubbock An thony Acker. 1979 ...... Rt. D, Nazareth water savings by these practices of Clifford H!lbers, 1982 ...... Route I , Box 14, I dalou There are 280 playa lakes in Deaf G lenn Odom , 19 79 ...... R t. 4, Box 135, Dimmitt 100,000 acre feet of water conserved J ackie Clark. 1981 ...... Rt. 1, Box 33, Dim mitt Smith County in the Water District W. A. Baldridge, 1981 ...... 608 W. Grant, Dimmitt Lynn County annually represents at least a savings Frank Wise, 1981 ...... Rt. 4, Box 10, Dimmitt service area. Of these 280 lakes, rain­ Clifford Thompson, Secr etar y of 20 percent of the total water neces­ Cochran County fall runoff water and irrigation tailwater 2930 Avenue Q, Lubbock sary to irrigate the 380,000 acres of w. M. Butler, Jr., Secretary is being captured in and utilized from Western Abstr a ct Co., 108 N. Main Ave., Morton S . B . Rice, 1980 ...... Route 1, Wilson normally irrigated farmland in the w. R. S teen, 1980 ...... Rout e 2, W!lson 151 of these lakes. Assuming an aver­ Hersh el M. Tanner, 1980, Route 2, Box 36, Morton county. This 20 percent savings could Danny K ey, 1980 ...... Star Rou te 2, Morton Wendell Morrow, 1980 ...... Route 1, Wilson age of 150 acre feet of water salvaged H. H . Rosson, 1980 ...... Star Route 2, Morton Gary Houchin, 198 2 ...... Box 54 , Wilson be viewed as extending the life of the Keith K enned y, 1982 ...... Star Route 2, Morton annually from each lake, this conserva­ Freddie Kieth, 1982 ...... Box 283, New Home aquifer at least one year for every five Robert Yeary, 1982 ...... Route 2, Box 66, Morton tion effort would amount to an annual Crosby County Parmer County that these conservation measures are Cl!ffor d Thompson, Secretary water savings of about 22,500 acre feet. Clayton Williamson, Secretary employed. 2930 Avenue Q, Lubbock lrrigators in the county have installed T ommy Mcc a llister, 1980 ...... 209 N. Van Buren, City Hall, 323 North Street, Bovina Lorenzo Floyd Reeve, 1979 ...... Box 876, Friona and utilize about 1,128 miles of under­ FOREMOST .•• continued from page 1 Edward S . Smith, 1980 ------102 N. Van Buren , ground pipe to distribute water on Lorenzo Ralph Roming, 1979 ...... 809 R!dglea Dr., Bovina "He established a lengthy, distin­ Pat Yoakum, 1980 ------Box 146, Lorenzo Troy Christian, 1981 ...... Rt. I , F arwell their farms. The use of this pipe is guished record of service to the people Mike Ca r lisle, 1982 ...... Route 1, Box 274, Lorenzo Dalton Caffey, 1981 ...... P.O. Box 488, Friona estimated to save about 33,000 acre Alvin C. Morr ison, 1982 ...... Box 6, Lorenzo Ronald Elliott, 1981 ...... Rt. 3, Muleshoe of this state as a Member of the Texas Deaf Smith County feet of water annually which, other­ Legislature and as a Member of the B. F. Cain, Secretary Potter County wise,· would be lost to evapotranspira­ Texas Water Rights Commission," Bris­ County Courthouse, 2nd Floor, Hereford F . G. Collard, III, 1979 ____ Rt. 1, Box 433 , Amarillo tion and seepage. G eor ge Ritter, 1979 ------Rt. 5, Hereford coe said. "His death will be mourned Bill Cleavinger, 1979 ...... Route I, Wildorado W. J. Hill, 1979 ...... 5503 Emil, Amar illo Additionally, there are about 125 J am es E. Higgins, 1981 ...... 200 Star St., Hereford J im Line, 1981 ...... Box 87 , Bushland by many. We have lost a fine public G arla nd Solomon, 1981 ____ 303 Sunset Dr., Hereford Albert Nichols, 1981 ...... Rt. l , Box 491, Amarillo center pivot sprinkler systems being servant and a foremost water auth­ Tom Robinson, 1981 .... 211 Cherokee Dr., Hereford Weldon Rea, 1981 ·------··---··-----·---··--·------Bushland operated in the county. The utilization ority." Floyd County of these sprinkler systems also repre­ Verna Lynne Stewart, Secretary Randall County Carter's public service began in Sher­ sents a substantial water conservation Floyd Co. Abstract, 215 W. California, Floydada Mrs. Louise T ompkins, Secr etary man when he was elected as a State C. 0 . Lyles, 1980 ------Route 4, Floydada F arm Bureau, 1714 Fifth Ave., canyon ' effort. Connie Bearden , 1980 ------Route I, Floydada Representative in 1949-50 and as Sena­ M. M. Smitherman, 1980 _ Silverton Star Rt., John F. Robinson, 1979 ...... 1002 7th St .. Canyon Furthermore, there are 376 irrigation tor in 1951-52. He continued his ser­ Floydada Bill Dugan, 1979 ...... Rt. 2, Box 30, H appy Cha rles H uffman , 1982 ...... Route 1, Lockney Harry LeGrand. 1981 ...... 4700 S. Bowie, Amarillo tailwater return systems in use in the vice as Attorney for the Texas Water Gilbert L. Fawver, 1982 .... :...... Route 4, Floydada Jack Brandt, 1981 ...... Rt. 1, Box 280, Canyon county. The utilization of these tail­ Ri ghts Commission from 1953 through NOTICE: I nformation regarding times and places of the monthly County Committee meeting can be water return systems represents an esti­ 1957 and was Executive Director of the secured from the respective County Secretaries. mated savings of 32,000 acre feet of Applications for well permits can be secured a t the address shown below the r espective Water Development Board from 1958 County Secretary's name, except for Potter County; in this county contact w. J . Hill. water annually. through 1961. z 0 .... u w en en A base of Ogallala Formation map, en necessary for the construction of 0 this map was developed pursuant to � Texas Water .Development Board and u U.S. Geological Survey sponsorship w through contract TDWR 14-90012. :::c....

CONTOUR INTERVAL 25 FEET PREPARED BY D. D. SMITH, GEOLOGIST 0 2 4 Miles SCALE

..:­ Approximate Saturated Thickness of the O allala Formatio:O, 1976 (IJ g -0 0 tl· 0 Page 4 THE CROSS SECTION O ctober, 1978 WATER OFFICIALS FROM DEAF SMITH COUNTY Since the formation of the High Smith who have served as members of Plains Underground Water Conserva- the Board. Ray Gerk is currently serv- tion District No. 1 the people of Deaf ing as the Board Member from Deaf Sm ith County have been well repre- Smith County. Past members of the sen ted at the proceedings of the Board Board and the years they served are of Directors by the men from Deaf listed below. MEMBERS OF BOARD OF DIRECTORS V. E. Dodson 1954-59 John Pitman 1969-71 T. L. Sparkman, Jr. 1959-63 Billy Wayne Sisson 1971-77 Former State Representative Felix M c­ Earl Holt 1963-65 Ray Gerk 1977- Donald of Ed inburg has recently been Andrew Kershen 1965-69 named by Govern or Dolph Briscoe as the new Chairman of the Texas Water The backbone of the District's sup­ served Deaf Smith County in this Rights Commission. His term of office port is its 75 elected County Commit­ capacity since the first election in 1954 will expire August 31 , 1983. teemen and its County Secretaries. w ith the year they were first elected. RAY GERK Li sted below are those who have General Contractor Selected COUNTY COMMITTEEMEN Frank J. Benzer 1954 J. E. Mccathern, Jr. 1961 By EDA For Ogallala Study Pe te Ca rmichael 1954 Ch arles Packard 1961 Paul Corbett 1954 1962 Camp, Dresse r & McKee, Inc., of Billy B. Moore 1954 Austi n was se lected by the Eco nomic J. N. Fi sh Billy Wayne Sisson 1965 Development Administration of the Floyd W alton 1954 W . H. Gentry 1966 U. S. Department of Commerce, as Ed Dziuk, Sr. 1955 Frank Zinser 1967 1955 ge neral contractor for the 42 -month, Ralph Hastings L. B. Worthan 1967 George .K. Muse 1956 six million dollar study of the economic Harvey Fuqua 1968 1956 futu re of the six-state High Plai ns George T. Turrentine W. L. Davis, Jr. 1969 1957 reg ion that draws water from the Austin Ro se, Jr. George Ritter 1971 Earl Holt 1958 O ga ll ala Aquifer. James E. Higgins 1973 Raymond Higginbotham 1959 Camp, Dress er & McKee announced Jack Higgins 1959 Garland Solomon 1973 that a detai led plan of th e study should Clinton Jackson 1959 Bill Cleavinger 1975 be put together by December 15, 1978. L. E. Ballard 1960 Tom Robinson 1977 Harvey Ban ks is to se rve as overall projects director; Larry Davis, from COUNTY SECRET ARI ES Camp, Dresse r & McKee's W al nut Nadean Hulse 1954 Mrs. Pauline Lovan 1956 Creek, Ca lifornia office, w ill be project Elna Bi shop 1955 Mrs. B. F. Cain 1960 manager. Kay Jo well 1955 Mrs. Mattie K. Ro binson 1960 Mrs. Pat Loerwald 1955 B. F. Cain 1969 GARLAND SOLOMON

B. F. CAIN JAMES E. HIGGINS TOM ROBINSON BILL CLEAVINGER

SOV6L S\fX3l ')l:>088nl 0 3nN3A\f 0£6?: t 'ON !:>IH!SIC NOll\fAH3SNO:> llVUl3d SS\fl:> CN0:>3S H3l\fM CNnOHDH3CNn SNl\fld HDIH Published monthly by High Plains Underground Water Conservation District No. 1, 2930 Avenue Q, Lubbock, Texas 79405

Volume 24-No. 11 Publication number 564920, Second Class Postage paid at Lubbock, Texas November, 1978

MANY CONSERVATION TECHNIQUES TRIED Agriculture And West Texas State University IN RANDALL COUNTY by Kenneth Carver Are Economic Leaders For Randall County The farmers in Randall County are Canyon, the approximate geographic County was organized and Canyon was lets in the city reported a sales volume practicing many water conservation center of Randall County, was original­ chose n as the county seat. Settlers of $6.5 million, and the two banks had techniques and are to be com mended ly settled in 1880. Surveyed on Ch rist­ began arriving almost immediately and over $30 million on deposit in that for their efforts. Examples of so me mas Day of 1887, the townsite of by 1910 there were approximately 1400 yea r. conservation methods being utilized "Canyon City," Texas, consisted of the persons living there. The focus of the economy of Randall are as follows: one-family dugout home of the late "Canyon City" became " Can yon" County and Canyon is agricu lture and There are 108 playa lakes in Randall L. G. Conners, and a partially com­ upon incorpo ration and by 1976 the West Texas State University. Agricul­ County in the Water District service pleted blacksmith shop. A year and a population had reached 9,936. The ture in the county contributed over 70 area. Of these 108 lakes, rainfall runoff half later on July 27, 1889, Randall nearly 200 retail and professional out- million dollars income in 1977, with water and irrigation tailwater are being over half of this coming from custom captured in and utilized from 42. lrrigators in the County have in­ made very good use of rainfall with cattle feeding operations. Assu ming an average of 150 acre feet stalled and utilized about 431 miles of such practices as minimum tillage, Farm production in Randall County of water sa lvaged annually from each underground pipe to distribute water res idue management, and terracing. is predominantly tied to producing lake, this conservation effort would on their farms. The use of this pipe is Th ere have been over 675 ,000 linear sorghum grains to serve the vast live­ amount to an annual water savi ngs of estimated to save about 12,500 acre feet of terrace installed in the County. stock feeding industry, although in­ about 6,300 acre feet. feet of water annually w hich otherwise Efficient irrigation water manage­ come from wheat farming topped 12 would be lost to evapotranspiration ment is a normal practice in the Coun­ million dollars in 1977. CUMULATIVE NUMBER OF WELLS and seepage. ty with water being applied on many The leading non-agricultural revenue COMPLETED UNDER PERM ITS IN Additionally. there are 75 irrigation farms o nly during the critica l stages of producer in Randa!! County is West RANDALL COUNTY FROM 1953-1977 tailwater return systems in use in the crop growth. Texas State University. Known as the County. The utilization of these tail­ lrrigators are doing a good job in " University of the Golden Spread," 1300 water return systems represents an extending the life of the aquifer by WTSU has served its region as the 1200 estimated savi ngs of 6,000 acre feet of using effective · water conservation leader in education and research, an d water annually. 1100 practices on the 93,000 acres of nor­ has assisted in the beneficial utilization Furthermore, Randall County farmers 1000 mally irrigated farmland in the County. of the human and natural resources of

9 00 the region . Th e University maintains Some of the First Irrigation Wells in Randall County an enrollment of approximately 6,500 ci"' 8 0 0 st udents and has a staff and faculty that ~ 700 Owner Driller Dist. from Canyon Date of Comp. IL numbers over 600 members with a O 600 G. W. Cox ? 3 miles Northwest budget that is well over ten million ffi 1930 a> 500 George Schaeffer Bill Glover 16 miles So utheast 1930 dollars. ~ Z 4 00 Travis Gilliam Peerless Co. 181/z miles Southeast 1935 In addition to the revenue produced 300 C. M. Dowlen C. M. Dowlen In Canyon by agricu lture and West Texas State, G. W. Cox 200 3 miles Northwest Canyon also derives income as the L. Thomas 100 21/2 miles East gateway to Palo Duro Canyon State J. R. Hicks 3 miles Southwest Park, w hich is the tourist center of the

1953 1955 1957 1959 1961 1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977 Bill Black ? 6 miles West Panhandle. Each year, many thousands YEARS of tourists come to the park to see the musical production of "Texas," which has twice been named the " Number WTSU ,.,.University of the Golden Spread'' One" tourist attraction in the nation by the National Association of Travel The center of much of the economic, and ca reer programs. It also provides are offered in agricu ltura l business and Organizations. civic, educational and social life in pre-professional programs in the major economics, animal science, agricu lture Randall County is W est Texas State professions. Stu dents may prepare for communications, general agriculture, University, the " University of the careers in education, agriculture, busi­ mechanized agriculture, wildlife sci­ Golden Spread." ness, industry, the performing arts, ence, plant science, horticulture, and West Texas State is the oldest state­ allied hea lth sciences, nursi ng, social agricultural education. assisted institution of higher education work, journalism, radio-telev ision and Pre-veterinary medicine an d pre­ west of Fort Worth. WTSU was the public administration. forestry programs are also ava ilable to first college in the West Texas area to Though it continues to add new prepare students for specialized study. receive unive rsity status. programs from many educational areas, Master's degrees are available in Th e University is organized into six the School of Agriculture continues to agricultural business and economics, schools and colleges encompass ing the be its most widely known school. animal science, plant science and gen­ Arts and Sciences, Agriculture, Busi ­ Average class size for agriculture stu­ eral agriculture. ness, Education, Fine Arts and Gradu­ dents is approximately 26 individuals To enable students to enter any of ate Schools. The cu rricu lum is con­ with about 100 agriculture majors a variety of agricultura l careers, the stantly changing in order to provide graduating each yea r. Agriculture Business and Economics educational experiences that are in Department offers instruction in agri­ The WTSU School of Agriculture ke eping with today's needs. cultural finance, agri cultural marketing, offers nine Bach elor of Science degrees agricultural land use and appraisal and West Texas offers nineteen under­ through its Animal Science, Plant Sci­ agricultural management, among graduate and graduate degrees encom­ ence and Agriculture Business and others. passi ng traditional academic disciplines MAX SHERMAN, President Economics Departments. Degree plans continued on page 4 .. . WTSU West Texas State University Page 2 THE C ROSS SECTION November, 1978 Randall County Map Shows Approximate Ogallala Aquifer Saturated Thickness by Don McReynolds vertically. Beds of rock materials rang­ The map entitled "Approximate Satu­ ing in sizes of particles from gravels to rated Thickness of the Ogallala Forma­ clays of varying thickness combined tion, 1976 - Randall County, Texas," with several levels of varying degrees presented on page three of this issue of cementation by caliche characterize A MONTHLY PUBLICATION OF THE HIGH PLAINS UNDERGROUND WATER of " The Cross Section" represents a the Ogallala in Randall County. CONSERVATION DISTRICT NO. 1 method of describing the probable Saturated thickness of the Ogallala 2930 Avenue Q , Lubbock, Texas 79405 amount of groundwater in storage in Aquifer is not a static parameter. Most Tele1>hone 762-0181 the Ogallala Aquifer beneath Randall areas of the Ogallala Aquifer are DEAN THOMPSON, Editor County within the service area of the experiencing changes and unfortunate­ Second Class Postage Paid at Lubbock, Texas High Plains Underground Water Con­ ly, the change is usually one of a de­ District Office at Lubbock servation District Number One. Satu­ crease in thickness. As the aquifer con­ A. Wayne Wyatt ------Manager rated thickness as depicted on this tributes water to wells, there is usually Don S m ith ------Assistan t Manager Don McReynolds ------Chief, Technical Division map refers to the vertical interval, in a decline or lowering of the water Tony Schertz ------Chief, Support Division feet, from the static water level down­ table. This water table decline reduces Cl!fford Thompson ...... Chief, Permit Division ward to the relatively impermeable the saturated thickness. This process Kenneth Ca rver ...... Chief, Agricult u r al D ivision layer, consisting primarily of clays, Dean Thompson ...... Chief, Information D ivision is being experienced in varying degrees Butch Bates ...... Chief , Field Suppor t T ea m which serves as the bottom of the in different portions of Randall County. Obbie G oolsby ------Chief, P ermit Su ppor t T eam aquifer. These clays and other fine Of the over thirty water level obser­ Da n Seale ------Engineer T echnician grained material commonly referred to J a ck Richards ------Agr icultural Econom ist vation wells measured annually by the 90UNDAltY Of HIGH l'\.AINS UHOUGltOUND as the "red beds" are a part of the K eit h Whitwort h ------Draftsman WATER CONSERVATION DISTRICT NO . l Water District in Randall County, the Mrs. Norma Fite ...... Bookkeeper-Libraria n erosional land surface of Triassic age average decline from January 1977, to Miss Kath y R edeker ...... Hea d Secreta r y rocks on which the Ogallala sediments January 1978, was just over two feet Miss Pennye Newberry ------Clerk-Typist were deposited. Because this buried with a ten year average annual decline BOARD OF DIRECTORS land surface undoubtedly had relief of about 1.5 feet. The range of these Precinct 1 Hale County consisting of hills and valleys; the (CROSBY, LUBBOCK and LYNN COUNTIES) changes in water levels in individual James P . Mitch ell, Vice Presid ent ...... W olfforth J. B. Mayo, Secretary covering sediments of the Ogallala measured wells from 1977 to 1978 Mayo Ins., 1617 Main, Petersburg Precinct 2 Formation were and remain today of varied from a small net rise in the static -(COCHRAN, H OCKLEY and LAMB COUNTIES) Cl!nt Gregory, Jr., 1980 ...... Box 98, P eter sburg varying thickness. This thickness vari­ water level in a few wells to a maxi­ Selmer H . Sch oen rock, Secy.-Trea s ..... Levelland Homer Roberson , 1980 ···-······· Box 250, P etersburg ation is directly related to the variable Henry Sca rborou gh , 1980 ...... Route 2, Petersburg mum decline of over six feet in one Precinct 3 thickness of the water saturated inter­ (BAILE Y, CASTRO and PARMER COUNTIES) Gaylord Groce, 1982 ...... Box 314, P eter sbur g well. The general relationship of water Bill J oh n H eg!, 1982 ...... R oute 2, P etersbu r g val of the Ogallala Formation or satu­ A. W. Gober , President . ------...... Farwell level declines to saturated thickness is Precinct i Hockley County rated thickness which the map portrays. such that, usually, relatively larger rates (AR MSTRONG , DEAF SMITH. POTTER and Jim Montgomery, Secretary Another aspect of the "red beds" is of water level declines are common in R ANDALL COUNTIES! 609 Austin Street, Levelland very important. Because of their rela­ areas of greater saturated thickness and Ray Gerk -···------·············------Her eford Billy R a y Ca r ter, 1980 ...... Route 5, Levellan d tive impermeability, they serve as a smaller rates of water level declines are Precinct 5 Leon Young, 1980 ...... Route 1, Ropesville (FLOYD a nd HALE COUNTIES ) Robert Phillips, 19 80 ...... 218 Redwood , Levelland barrier to further downward percola­ common in areas of thinner saturated Malvin A. J a rboe ...... ····------· . Floyd ad a J . z . \T.~ad~. 198::? ···········----·------··· P.. r; ~te 2, L: t+.1 ~fiel!! tion of th e water contained in the thickness. COUNTY COMMITTEEMEN J ack Ear l F rench , 1982, R t . 3, Box 125, Levelland Ogallala Formation. If this percolation The range of saturated thickness pre­ Armstrong- County barrier were not present in this water Ca rroll Rogers, Secr etary Lamb County sented on the map within the service Wayside, Texas R ober t R ichards, Secr etary table aquifer, it is likely that the water area of the Water District ranges from Cor dell Mahler, 1979 ------·- ···--· --···-· Waysid e 509 Phelps Av enue, Lit tlefield within the Ogallala Formation would James Bible, 1979 - ·············--······---··-·------Wayside less than 25 feet to over 125 feet. The Guy W atson , 19 81 ---·------·------·------········· Wayside P . A. Washin gton, 1980 ...... Box 124, Sprin glake have continued downward percolation greater saturated thicknesses can be Bill Heisler , 1981 ...... W a yside J ack Stubblefield, 1980 ------·--·------Box 397, S pa de Leslle Adam s, 1981 ...... Waysid e to uneconomical levels for recovery Larry Lock wood, 1980 ···- ···· S tar R t. 2, Littlefield expected to be found in the extreme Balley County Billy J . Lan gford, 1982 ...... Box 381, Olton and use. western portions of the northwest Doris Wedel, Secretary Edward F ish er, 1982 ...... Box 67, Sudan The H&R Block, 224 W. 2nd, Muleshoe composition of the Ogallala quadrant of Randall County near the Marshall H ead , 1979 ------R t . 3, Muleshoe Lubbock County Formation is quite variable in grain size Randall-Deaf Smith County line and H arold Layton, 1979 ...... Rt. 2, Mo r ton Eugene Shaw, 1981 ...... Rt. 2, Mul esh oe Clifford Thompson, Secretary and continuity both horizontally and the Randall-Potter County line. D avid Stova ll, 1981 ...... Rt. 2, Mulesh oe 2930 Avenue Q , Lubbock Ernest Ramm, 1981 ...... Rt. 2, Muleshoe Don Bell, 19 80 ...... Box 114, Wolfforth Castro County Rona ld Schllling, 1980 ...... Route 1, Slaton RANDALL COUNTY WATER OFFICIALS Garnet t Holl a nd, Secretary Gra n ville I go, 1980 .... 1304 8t h S t reet , Shallowa ter Since the formation of the High City H a ll , 120 Jones St., Di mmitt has with the people of the High Plains Owen Gilbrea th, 1982 ···-····· 3302 23rd St., Lubbock Anth ony Acker , 1979 ...... R t. D, Naza r eth Plains Underground Water Conserva­ of Texas. The amount of time and Glenn Od om, 1979 ...... R t. 4, Box 135, Dim m itt Clifford Hilber s , 1982 ...... Route 1, Box 14, Idalou J a ckie Clark, 1981 ...... R t . 1, Box 33, Dim mit t tion District No. 1 in the early 1950's effort expended by the elected repre­ W. A. Baldridge, 198 1 ...... 608 W . Gra n t , Dimmit t Lynn County the people of Randall County have sentatives of the counties is tremen­ Frank Wise, 1981 ...... R t. 4, Box 10, Dim mitt Clifford Thompson, Secr etary been well represented by their County dous and is time and effort that they Cochran County 2930 Avenue Q , Lubbock w. M. Butler, Jr., Secretary Committeemen and have had excellent could well spend on their own farms, Western Abstract Co., 108 N. Main Ave., Morton s. B. Rice, 1980 ------·------······· Route 1, Wilson help in handling the many functions Hersh el M. Tanner, 1980, Route 2, Box 36, Morton w. R. S teen , 1980 ...... R oute 2, W ilson ranches, and businesses. Listed below Dan ny K ey, 1980 ...... Sta r Rou te 2, Morton Wendell Morrow, 1980 ···········------R oute 1, Wllson involved in the office of County H . H . Rosson, 1980 ------· Star R ou te 2, Morton G a r y Houchin, 1982 ...... Box 54, Wilson Secretary. are the people who have served Ran­ K eith K en nedy, 1082 ...... Star R oute 2, Morton Rober t Year y, 1982 ...... R oute 2, Box 66, Morton Freddie K ieth , 1982 ...... Box 283 , New H ome The County Committeemen are the dall County in these important posi­ Crosby County Parmer County most direct link that the Water District tions since the first election in 1954. Cllfford Thompson, Secretary Clayton Willlamson, Secr etary 2930 Avenue Q , Lubbock COUNTY COMMITTEEMEN Paul Dudenhoeffer 1963-65 T ommy Mccallis ter, 1980 ...... 209 N. Van Buren , City Hall, 323 North S t reet, Bovina Lorenzo Floyd R eeve, 1979 ...... Box 876, Friona D. L. Allison 1954-56 R. B. Gist, Jr. 1964-70 Edward S . Smith, 1980 ·------102 N. Van Buren , Frank Begert 1954-56 Lorenzo R a lph Rom!ng, 1979 ...... 809 Rldglea Dr., Bovin a Carl Hartman, Jr. 1964-70 Pat Yoakum, 1980 ------Box 146, Lorenzo T roy Ch ristia n , 198 1 ...... Rt . 1, F a r well Neil Downing 1954 Ralph Ruthart 1966-68 Mike Ca rlisle, 1982 ...... Route 1, Box 27 4, Lorenzo Da lton Caffey, 1981 ...... P.O. Box 488, Frion a Donald Olson 1954-56 Alvin C. Morr ison, 1982 ...... Box 6, Lorenzo Ronald Elliott, 1981 ...... Rt. 3, Muleshoe Richard Friemel 1967-72 Deaf Smith County Marshall Rockwell, Jr. Leonard Batenhorst 1969-76 B . F . Cain, Secretary Potter County 1954 and 1967-72 Fred Begert 1971-74 County Courthouse, 2nd Floor, Hereford F. G. Collard , III, 1979 .... Rt. 1, Box 433 , Amarillo W. C. Angel 1955-57 Joe Albracht 1973-78 G eor ge Ritter, 1979 ------··---·--- R t. 5, Herefor d J . Hill, 1979 ...... 5503 Emil, Amar illo Bill Clea vi n ger, 1979 ...... Route 1, W il dorado w. J. L. Weick 1955-57 J im Line, 1981 ...... Box 87, Bushla nd PRESENT COUNTY COMMITTEEMEN J am es E. Higgins, 1981 ...... 200 Sta r St., H ereford L. E. Mason 1956-58 G a rland Solomon , 1981 .... 303 Sunset D r ., Her eford Albert Nichols, 1981 ...... R t . l , Box 491, Amarillo John F. Robinson 1971 Tom R obinson, 1981 .... 211 Cherokee D r., Her efor d John Butler 1956-58 Weldon Rea, 1981 ------··························· Bushland Bill Dugan 1975 Floyd County Leo Artho 1956-60 Ver n a Lynne Stewa r t, Secr eta ry Randall County Harry LeGrand 1973 Floyd Co. Abstract, 215 W. Cal ifornia , Floyd ada W . A. (Bill) Patke 1958-60 Mrs. Louise Tompkins, Secretary Jack Brandt 1977 C. 0 . Lyles, 1980 ·------R oute 4, Floyda da Farm Bureau , 1714 Fifth Ave., Canyon James B. Dietz 1958-60 Connie Bearden , 1980 ------Route 1, Floydada J ohn F . R obinson, 1979 ...... 1002 7t h S t. , Ca n yon Johnny Sluder 1978 M. M. S mitherman, 1980 - --··· Silverton Star Rt., Bill Dugan, 197 9 ...... Rt. 2, Box 30 , H app y A. C. Evers 1959-63 Floyd ada Harry LeGrand, 1981 ...... 4700 S . Bowie, Amar illo Jackie Meeks 1959-61 COUNTY SECRETARIES Charles H uffm a n, 1982 ····------·--·· R ou te 1, Lockney Jack Brand t, 1981 ...... R t . 1, Box 280, Canyon Gilbert L. Fawver, 1982 ...... Rou te 4, Floydad a Johnny Sluder , 1981 ...... Box 56, Bush lan d J. R. Parker 1960-62 Mrs. Don Olson 1954-55 NOTICE: Information regarding times and pla ces of the m onthly Coun t y Com m it t ee m eeting can be Lewis A. Tucek 1961-66 Mrs. Eutha Hamblen 1955-60 secured from the r espective County Secretaries. Ed Wieck 1961-67 Mrs. Louise Tompkins Applications for welJ permits can be secured a t the address shown below the r espect ive County Secretary's name, except !or Potter County; In this county contact w. J . Hlll. Harold Bryan 1962-64 1960-present November, 1978 THE CROSS SECTION Page 3

. ~~J,o,~~~··rt ~"'~~,1

·., ·~-·~?:JI ••!!•;. ~l~~~~------~~~~ 4;t "ti ·~ I • ., ,_ • IJ I I 1 Ill I""~ J I It I ' I i

LAND SURFACE

.. ,.J. ~ ~-... ~ :.,~ f)• "'": ·~---"j ._...... BLK. 8.5 .' .. , .. F . ' ··r·J1"·--·~;~·--·..,1:__,·---~~·-~t·~1-.... ··:.-- ... ~-:-~'

•I :,.,. ,,- Jl 1:n• ' I • • .,:• ,.· ,:• f :BLK. 2.Z I ,::•::::::. .•,,.:.::,c~ ,; • ,11:-1.• +w.·->>:·, : BLK. K.14 I . : . ! 'l ,·,>,,.,. 5 • ,., -r~---~'!--~*--¥F·~~v-~ ~ )~••co,,-.~",__~~ •I • • . •'--··· .• . ~ .. ... ,r ,• ~~;1~ •I •I I ·•. J,. '•• . •I n,: u.-• I I • BLK. M.6 · •I I• 2),r"""""""""'to),_.""' ~-~::=-,,i.,!>c~~~~""'l'!...... ~~ I I

I ,.. · ,,} ro• ~ ,. ·,t., ··-.) · ·-L-~ .... -.~J 1-~-~j~_,j ~- ~·~---~-~-~-~~--~~~=~~~-~-~---~-~------~ CONTOUR INTERVAL 25 FEET 0 2 4 MILES PREPARED BY DON McREYNOLDS, GEOLOGIST SCALE

Approximate Saturated Thickness of the Ogallala ·Formation, 1976-Randall County, Texas Page 4 THE CROSS SECTION November, 1978 Proposed Changes In Federal Water Policy Listed Implementation of the Pres ident's water conservation should consist of which increase the level of water new water policy is in full swing as proposed changes that will {a) reduce utilization in water-short areas." In­ Congress is out of session. Nineteen the demand for water; (b) improve come Support Program: "The incentive task forces, comprising over 175 Fed­ efficiency in use and reduce losses and to use or develop irrigation could be eral employees, are now in the process waste; and . (c) improve land manage­ reduced through measures that would of examining all Federal programs to ment practices to conserve water. A result in lower crop prices or higher determine how water conservation and clear contrast is drawn by the policy production costs." Resource Conserva­ "non-structural alternatives" can satisfy which distinguishes between the above tion and Development: "Require a this Nation's future water requirements. conservation elements and storage metering system and pricing structure "No growth" is a forbidding undercur­ facilities which are treated elsewhere that promotes water conservation." rent of the process, and massive in the President's policy and in Federal changes in regulations, guidelines, and water development programs." National Water Line, November 1978. pricing are likely results of this effort. Some of the changes in regulations A new definition of water conservation or legislation which have been pro­ Do You Know How Much has been received " directly from the posed thus far are as follows: Farmers Water You Are Really Using? White House." For the first time, it is Home Administration - Em ergency JACK RICHARDS, the Agricultural Econo­ clear that the President does not con­ Loans: " Limit or refuse loan assistance (UPl)-People are not aware of how mist for the Water District, has left the sider impoundment and storage of District to take a position in private busi­ to farmers who frequently violate water much water they are really using, says ness. Ja ck's resignation became effective water as a conservation measure. All conservation practices." Agricultural Richard Weickart of the Water Quality November 24. task force leaders have been directed Conservation Program and Farmers Association. to use this definition as they proceed Hom e Administration Loan Program: Besides the eight ounces they drink run for 15 seconds before filling your with their efforts to " determine poten­ " Disallow financing of projects or prac­ in each glass of water, there's another glass, it means you may actually be tial administrative or legislative changes tices in water-short areas wh.ich . . . 16 ounces that goes for washing and wasting 15 or 20 glassfuls for every that could be made in agency programs allow new irrigation land to be brought rinsing-a total of 24. glass you drink. Is it any wonder the in order to eliminate wasteful and un­ into production." Federal Crop Insur­ "But that's only the beginning," says average person uses 160 gallons of necessary water use and to promote ance: " Disallow crop insurance for Weickart. Pointing out that most water a day? They're unaware of how 1 and achieve water conservation." water intensive crops in water-short household faucets deliver 400 to 600 much they're using-and how much Here is the new definition: "Actions areas." Physical Disaster Emergency ounces of water a minute-SO to 75 they could save by exercising just a to implement the President's policy on Loans: " Disallow emergency relief glassfuls, he adds, " If you let the water little care."

WTSU ... continued from page 1 conversion," said Dr. Vaughn Nelson, Wind energy research at West Texas To prepare students for geology In addition to regular classroom in­ head of the WTSU Department of State began with a state grant to Nel­ careers, the department offers a prac­ struction, the department offers a man­ Ph ysics and Director of the Institute. son and Gilmore to determine wind tical, industry-oriented background in agement training course in which stu­ " The primary objective will be the energy potential for Texas. Their re­ geology with bachelor of arts, bachelor dents are placed in jobs for the sum­ development of alternative energy sys­ port found that Texas winds, if ade­ of science and master of science de­ mer, perhaps staying with the job tems for rural operations." quately harnessed, could supply eight grees available. through several summers. This gives Aspects to be studied include · "irri­ percent of the nation's anticipated de­ The geology faculty members have the student a chance to apply his gation, heating and cooling, electrical mand for electrical power, and that the varied backgrounds and teach a wide academic education to events occurring production, vehicular production, pro­ Texas Panhandle is one of the best range of courses, with instructors spe­ i~ the business. duction of fertilizer and some closed spots in the United States for wind cia lizing in sedimentology, m:nerclogy, system operations such as green­ Undergraduate research is another energy production. petroleum geology and petrology, the advanced course in which students houses," he , said. " These are the ob­ Continued world prosperity requires study of rocks, mineral deposits and may perform a multitude of research in jectives we set for ourselves and that geologists to discover new mineral de­ mining lore, plus a number of other the areas of agriculture in which they is what we are continuing to do." posits and develop new forms of disciplines. are particularly interested. The program to date has been energy, and West Texas State Univer­ directed almost entirely toward devel­ sity's Geology Department is training West Texas State University, a grow­ Students also have access to com­ oping the wind energy resource. Past ing and diversifying school, leads the puters and additional instruction in the students for this purpose. projects included wind characteristic " Our entire society is based solidly way in education in the Panhandle Business and Economics Departments, evaluations, theoretical and experi­ area of Texas. Max Sherman, WTSU · as well as in the Animal Science and upon the utilization of mineral re­ mental airlift pumping studies, design sources. If we did not utilize our President said, "as I look around me, Pfant Science Departments. The com­ of an experimental wind rotor and an I see that now more than ever college modity news service provides current mineral resources, we would be back irrigation feasibility study. graduates and universities are needed market information and data. in the Stone Age society. We need Pre sent projects, including the on­ geologists to seek energy and metal to help solve the manifold problems Another part of WTSU that is taking going portions of those already men­ resources and even things as common­ and ills that face us . We at West Texas on more and more importance today tioned, include a cooperative agree­ place and prosaic as sand and gravel," State University are committed to the is the Alternative Energy Institute. The ment with the USDA on wind-assist said Dr. Frank Daugherty, department importance of education - a good, recently created AEI highlights the al­ irrigation, wind-power mapping of the head. basic education that broadens the per­ ternative energy research, especially in State of Texas, and irrigation with off­ Concurrent with world demand, spectives and aids the judgements of the area of wind energy, underway at season power generation. man y of the career opportunities in those who possess it." the University since the early 1970's. Other prime members of the insti­ geology are in the energy fields such " The purpose of the institute shall tute are Dr. Earl Gilmore, who is cur­ as oil and gas. "Nuclear and coal Editor's Note: Thanks to Judy To/k, be to conduct research and develop­ rently on leave of absence from Ama­ geology are also important, especially West Texas State University News Ser­ ment in the use of alternative sources rillo College, and Dr. Robert Barieau, in the next century or two," according vice, for all th e effort put forth in sup­ of energy such as solar, wind and bio- WTSU research professor. to Daugherty. plying material used in this story.

S®6L S\fX3i '>l:>OBBnl 0 3nN3A\f OE6i I "ON i:>IHiSIO NOli\fAH3SNO:> ilVUl3d SS\fl:> ON0:>3S H3i\fM ONnOH9H30Nn SNl\fld H91H Published monthly by High Plains Underground Water Conservation District No. 1, 2930 Avenue Q, Lubbock, Texas 79405

Volume 24-No. 12 Publication number 564920, Second Class Postage paid at Lubbock, Texas December, 1978 DISTRICT ELECTION SLATED FOR JANUARY 20 The annual election for the High two year terms and County Committee­ cinct, or County Committeeman-at­ 1979, through January 16, 1979, at the Plains Underground Water Conserva­ men will se rve four years. large from such voter's co unty. following locations. tion District No. 1 will be held on To be qualified to vote in the Dis­ This election shall be held and con­ A RMSTRONG COUNTY January 20, 1979, to elect two members trict's election a person must have their ducted and returns made to the Board Wayside Grain Company, to the Board of Directors and fourteen own valid voter registration certificate of Directors of the High Plains Under­ Wayside, Texas 79094 (14) County Committeemen. and res ide within the delineation of ground Water Conservation District No. Mrs. Lilla Vick, Clerk The election will be held only in the District and within the county 1, for ca nvassi ng in accordance with BAILEY COUNTY those co unties (or portions thereof) where a vote will be taken. the Election Code of the State of Texas. District Office, 224 W. 2nd, comprising Director's Precincts three In voting for District Director, the The Order for Election was approved Muleshoe, Texas 79347 and four. The counties involved are qualified voter should cast a ballot only by the Board of Directors of the Water Doris Wedel, Clerk Armstrong, Bailey, Castro, Deaf Smith, for the candidate for the Director's District on December 11, 1978, at the Parmer, Potter and Randall. Director's Precinct in w hich that voter resides and regular m o n t h I y meeting of the CASTRO COUNTY precinct three is composed of Bailey, likewise each qualified voter will be Directors. District Office, 120 Jones, Box 146, Castro an d Parmer an d Director's Pre­ allowed to vote only for the County Fo r the 1979 election a total of 12 Dimmitt, Texas 79027 ci nct four is made up of Armstrong, Committeemen who are candidates polling places have been establi shed Dolores Baldridge, Clerk Deaf Smith, Potter and Randall. from the County Commissioner's Pre­ in t he seven counties. Absentee ballot­ DEAF SMITH COUNTY Directors are being elected to serve cinct, County Committeemen's Pre- ing will be conducted from January 5, D istrict Office, 2nd Floor County Courthouse, Hereford, Texas 79045 Wilma Clark, Clerk PA RMER COUNTY Water Conservation Opportunities Are Abundant District Office, 323 North Street, P. 0. by D . D. Smith servation measures will not save large used in new construction projections: Drawer KK, Bovina, Texas 79009 A favorite definition of Water Con­ quantities of water, they may result in low-flush toilets Clayton Williamson, Clerk servation is-the increased efficiency of a savin g of energy and/ or provide op­ low-flow showerh eads POTTER COUNTY use. The subject of conservation seems portunities for environmental improve­ low-flow kitchen and lavatory Bushland Grain Coop, Box 5, to be in vogue at this time for al l of ment. For co nvenience, water use may faucets Bush land, Texas 79012 our depletable natu ral resources. Con­ be broken into three categories: Urban, pressure reducing va lves /. R. Gill, Clerk servation of water offers an area where Commercial, and Industrial an d Agri­ insulated hot water lines RANDALL COUNTY we can all practice an d preach. culture. low-water using clothes washers County Clerks Office, As most area residents are aware, a Urban Water Conservation low-water using dish washers. Canyon, Texas 79015 diminishing water supply is the si ngle A recent California study found Adoption of all these measures could Phyllis Stull, Clerk most critica l problem in the region. statewide urban water use to be 68 offer approximately a 50 percent sav­ The following listing shows the Th e conservation and beneficial utiliza­ percent residential, 14 percent com­ ings on interior water use . no minees for each position being tion of water remain critica l choices, mercial and 18 percent industrial. Of Existing housing can save by the filled, and location of polling places to which a large seg ment of the popu­ the residential, about 56 percent was foll owing actions: and the election j udge at each polling lation has not yet made a commitment interior use and the remaining 44 per­ plastic bottles o r water displace­ place. through personal adoption. Water­ cent was used for landscape watering. ment in toilet reservoir The maps accompanying this article, saving opportunities exist throughout Interi or residential water savings can replace showerhead with low-flow on page three, show the poll in g places the area. Even in use areas where con- be achieved when the following are or in stall flow restri ctors and the boundaries of the Director's replace kitchen and lavatory fau­ Precincts involved in t he election. cets or install low-flow aerators NOMINEES FOR insta ll pressure reducing valves DISTRICT DIRECTOR insulate hot water lines. Th e candidates for Director's Pre­ These measures offer a potential 38 cinct No. 3, which is composed of that percent savings. part of the territory of t he District situ­ Exterior residential water savi ngs can ated in Bailey, Castro and Parmer be realized by the following when Counties, Texas, are: landscape watering: A. W. Gober 1. Reduce or eliminate runoff and The candidates for Director's Pre­ deep percolation. cinct No. 4, which is co mposed of that a. install automated sprinkler part of the territory of the District systems. situated in Armstrong, Deaf Smith, b. use soil moisture sensing Potter and Randall Counties, Texas, devices. are: 2. Encourage use of drought-res is­ Jam es C. Conkwright tant and low-water-usi ng plants. NOMINEES FOR a. public and nurserymen COUNTY COMMITTEEMEN education programs. COUNTY COMMITTEMEN AT LARGE 3. Provide penalties for gutter f lood­ Candidates for County Committee­ ing and other waste. men at large for each county in said GROUNDBREAKING CEREMONIES w ere held on December 14, 1978, at the site o f th e Urban Water Pricing D irector's Precincts Three and Fou r are Cros byton So lar Power Pro ject. Dignitaries from across th e state attended to participa te To be effective in reducing water as follows: in launching this important project. Pictured above with shovels are (left to right) Mr. use, the cost of water must be made In Armstrong County, Texas, all eligi­ Ro y Furr, fr., o f Lubbock; Mr. Norton Barrett, City Manager o f Cros byton; Dr. John D. Reichert, associate professor of Electrica l En gin ee ring at Texas Tech; and Kent Hance, a significant item in the user's budget, ble Armstrong County voters may newly elected U.S. Represen tative from Lubbock . continued on page 3 ... CONSERVATION continued on page 3 .. . ELECTION Page 2 THE CROSS SECTION December, 1978 Water Transfer Possibility Reported To Canadian River Compact Commission The following article is a copy of the Commission are in favor of cooperat­ report of the Canadian River Compact ing to work out the problems. Commission made to the Seventh An­ After all, it would be much less ex­ nual Conference of Texas Interstate pensive to move the water to the land A MONTHLY P UBLICATION OF THE HIGH Compact Commissioners in Austin in than to move the land to the water. PLAINS UNDERGROUND WATER mid-November by Mr. Arthur P. Dug­ And the State of California has had in CONSERVATION DISTRICT NO. 1 gan, Jr. operation for several years a project 2930 A ven ue Q , Lubbock, T exas 79405 Each person in Austin, each person which moves six or seven million acre­ Telephone 762-0181 in the State of Texas, each person in feet of water each year a distance of DEAN THOMPSON, Editor the United States has an important some seven hundred miles with one Second Class Postage Paid at Lubbock , T exas lift of some two thousand nine hun­ District Office at Lubbock interest in the Canadian River - the dred feet in an earthquake-prone zone. A. Wayn e W yatt ------·------· Man ager Canadian River that flows in an easterly Don Smith ______Assistant Manager direction across the high plains of Russia has embarked on a water move­ Don McReynolds ___ _ Chief, T echnical Division Northeastern New Mexico, Oklahoma ment project that dwarfs that being Tony S cher t z ...... Chief, Support Division contemplated. Clifford T hompson ...... Chief, Pe rmit Division and Texas. Kenneth Ca rver ...... Ch ief, Agricultural Division That is to say, every person who Right now, three Federal studies are Dean T hompson ...... Chief. Information D ivision eats food for enjoyment or to stay underway to obtain basic information Butch B ates ...... Chief, Field S upp ort T eam alive, every person who wears clothes for the benefit of Congress and the Obbie G oolsby ------Chief, Permi t Support T eam Executive branch of the United States Dan Seale ··------·------Engineer T echnician for body protection or to conform to K eith Whitworth ················------Drartsman mores of society, and every person government. The U.S. Geological Sur­ Mrs. Norm a Fite ______Bookkeeper- Libr a r ia n adversely affected by the continuing vey has planned an extensive study Miss Ka thy Redeker ------Head S ecreta r y centering on the High Plains and the Miss P ennye Newberry ··--··------Cler k -Typist United States deficit in balance of pay­ ments in foreign trade-all these per­ Ogallala Aquifer, to be completed in five years. The Economic Development BOARD OF DIRECTORS sons, whether they realize it or not, Precinct 1 have an important interest in the Administration of the U.S. Department Hale County (CROSBY, LUBBOCK and LYNN COUNTIES) Canadian River. of Commerce under the Water Re­ James P . M itch ell , Vice President ...... Wolfforth J . B. Mayo, Secr etary sources Development Act of 1976 has Mayo Ins., 1617 M a in, Peter sburg The Canadian River traverses a vast Precinct 2 been authorized to spend six million Clint Gregor y, Jr., 1980 ...... Box 98, P etersburg and productive agricultural area which (COCHRAN, HOCKLEY and LAMB COUNTIES ) dollars in the High Plains-Ogallala S elmer H . Schoenrock, Secy. -Tr eas ...... Levella nd Homer R ober son , 19 80 .... Box 250, Peter sbu r g depends upon irrigation water pumped Henry Scar bor ough , 1980 __ __ Route 2, P etersburg Study and $750,000 of this has been Precinct 3 from under the surface for most pro­ G aylord Groce, 1982 ...... Box 314, P eter sburg (BAILEY, CAST RO and PARMER COUNTIES ) awarded to the Corps of Army Engi­ Bill J oh n H egi, 19 82 ...... Rou te 2, P eter sburg duction. The production includes a A. w. Gober, President ...... F a r well substantial portion of all cotton and neers to attempt to identify alternate Precinct 4 Hockley County grain sorghum harvested not only in water sources and conveyance routes, (ARMSTRONG, DEAF S!VI ITH, POTTER and Jlm Montgomery, S ecr etary as well as updating studies previously RANDALL COUNTIES) 609 Austin St r ee t, Levelland the State of Texas but also in the Ray Gerk ...... Herefo rd United States. Much is exported to completed. The third Federal study Billy Ray Ca r ter , 1980 ...... R oute 5, Levelland currently being conducted is the Bu­ Precinct 5 Leon Young, 1980 ...... Route l , Ropesvill e other nations for a real plus in balance (FLOYD a nd HALE COUNTIES) Robert Phillip s, 1980 ...... 21 8 Red wood, Levell and of payments. The abundance of grain reau of Reclamation's "Llano Estacada Malvin A. J a rboe ...... Floyd ada J . E. W a de, 1982 ...... R oute 2, Littlefield has resulted in Texas having more beef Total Water Management Study". The COUNTY COMMITTEEMEN J a ck Earl French, 1982, Rt. 3, Box 125, Levella nd area covered by this study encom­ Armstrong County cattle on feed than any other state. Lamb County passes the High Plains of eastern New Ca r roll Rogers, S ecr etary This underground water for a quarter Wayside, T ex as Robert Richards, Secr et a r y Mexico and northwest Texas and those Cordell Mahler , 1979 ...... Wayside of a century has been pumped and 509 Phelps Aven ue, Lit tlefield portions of Colorado, Kansas, and James B ible, 1979 ...... Wayside used under conservation measures Guy Watson, 1981 ------·- -··--··--· ·-· -·-----····-- - W ayside P . A. Wash ington , 1980 ...... Box 124, S p ringlake Oklahoma lying south of the Arkansas Bill Heisler, 1981 ...... Wayside Jack S tubblefield, 1980 .... Box 397, Spade recommended by ground water hydr­ M. L. McGeh ee, 1981 ______...... Wayside River. Larry Lockwood , 1980 ...... Star Rt. 2, Littlefi eld ologists designed to obtain the maxi­ Bailey County Billy J . La n gford, 1982 ...... Box 381 , Olton Progress is being made in develop­ Doris Wed el, Secretary Edward F ish er , 1982 ...... Box 67 , Sudan mum economic benefit from the na­ H &R Block, 224 W . 2nd, Muleshoe tural resource. Even so, the water is ing a feasibl e project to make available Marshall Head , 1979 ------··------· R t . 3, M uleshoe Lubbock County the water necessary to continue indefi­ Harold Layton , 1979 ...... Rt. 2, Morton Clifford Thom pson, Secretar y used faster than it is replenished, be­ Eugen e S h aw, 1981 ...... R t. 2, Muleshoe nitely the abundant production of food 2930· Aven ue Q , Lubbock cause there is little recharge. David S tovall, 1981 ...... R t . 2, Muleshoe and fiber in the High Plains of New Ernest Ramm, 1981 ...... Rt. 2, Mu leshoe Don Bell , 19 80 ...... Box 114, Wolffor th In order to continue production of Mexico, Oklahoma and Texas. Castro County Ronald S chillin g, 19 80 ...... Route l , Slaton enough food and fiber for the State, G arnett Holland , S ecretary Gran ville I go, 1980 .... 1304 8th Street, Shallowater Surely the tremendous benefits, in­ City H all , 120 J ones S t ., Dimmitt Owen Gilbreath , 1982 ...... 3302 23rd S t., Lubboc k nation and world, it will become neces­ Ant h ony Acker , 1979 ...... Rt. D, Naza reth Cliffor d H ilber s, 1982 ...... Route l , Box 14 , Idalou sary to supplement the supply of water. cluding expanded exports to give the Glenn Odom, 1979 ...... Rt. 4, Box 135. Dimmitt J ackie Clark. 1981 ...... R t . l, Box 33 , Dimmitt Recommended has been transfer of United States a healthy trade balance, W . A. Ba ldridge, 1981 ...... 608 W. Grant, Dimmitt Lynn County eventually will overcome the objec­ F r a nk Wise, 1981 ...... R t. 4, Box 10, Dimmit t water from water-rich areas to the high Clifford Thom p son, Secr e ta r y tions of the small percent of the popu­ Cochran County 2930 Avenue Q , Lubbock plains. Engineers have advised it is W. M. But ler , Jr., Secr etar y S. B . Rice, 1980 ... R oute I . W ilson physically possible to transfer the water lation working to prevent further de­ Western Abstract Co. , 108 N. Main Ave., Morton W . R. S teen, 1980 ...... Route 2, Wilson in quantities needed. Studies have velopment. The word "environment" H ersh el M. T a nner, 1980, Route 2, Box 36 , Mor ton Dan ny K ey, 1980 ...... Star Route 2, Morton Wendell Morr ow, 1980 ...... Route 1, Wilson shown there are areas containing more to probably over 90% of the popula­ H . H . Rosson, 1980 ...... S tar Route 2, Morton Gar y Houchin , !D82 ...... Box 54. Wilson tion, means adequate food, clothing, K eith K en nedy, 1!>82 ...... Star Route 2, Mor t on Freddie K ieth, 1982 ...... Box 283. New Home water than can be used there in the R ober t Yea ry, 1982 ...... Route 2, Box 66, Mor ton foreseeable future. shelter, and a clean place to live, work Crosby County Parmer County and relax. Clifford Thompson. S ecr etary Specifically, engineers report there Clayton Williamson , Secr etar y We all are children of the universe, 2930 Avenue Q, Lubbock City H all, 323 North Street, Bovina exists good quality water much in ex­ T ommy Mcc allister , 1980 ...... 209 N. Va n B uren, no less than the TREES and the STARS; Lor enzo Floyd Reeve, 1979 ...... Box 876, Friona cess of all needs in the state of Arkan­ Ed ward S. Smith, 1980 ...... 102 N. Van B uren, Ralph Roming, 1979 ...... 809 R idglea Dr., Bovina sas and downstream from Arkansas . In we have a RIGHT to be here! Lorenzo Pat Yoakum, 1980 ...... Box 146 , Lorenzo T roy Christian, 1981 ...... R t . I, F a r well Eastern Oklahoma there is an abun­ As stated by Mr. Duggan, the Texas Mike Carlisle, 1982 ...... Route 1, Box 274 , Lorenzo Dalton Ca ffey, 1981 ...... P.O. Box 488, Friona dance of water which some people in Commission er of the Canadian River Alvin C. Morrison, 1982 ...... Box 6, Loren zo Ron ald Elliot t, 1981 ...... R t. 3, Muleshoe Deaf Smith County Oklahoma want to transfer to Western Compact Commission, " maybe the last B . F . Cain , Secretary Potter County Oklahoma. From these water - rich paragraph (o f the report) can provide County Cour t h ouse, 2nd F loor, Hereford F . G . Coll a rd, III, 1979 .... Rt. 1, Box 433, Amarillo areas to the High Plains of Oklahoma, a rallying position" from which we can G eorge R itte r, 197 9 ...... Rt. 5, Her eford W. J . Hill, 1979 ...... 5503 Emil, Amarillo Bill Cl ea vinge r, !C7 9 ...... Route 1, Wildorado New Mexico and Texas, it is likely the all work for this necessary action. J a mes E. Higgins, 1ra1 ...... 20 0 S tar St., Herefor d J im Line, 1981 ...... Box 87, B ushland G a rla nd Solomon , 1981 .... 303 Sunset Dr., Her eford Alber t Nichols, 1981 ...... R t . 1, Box 491, Ama r illo easiest gradient and shortest route lies T om Robin son, 1981 .... 211 Che rokee Dr., Her eford Weldon Rea, 198 1 ...... Bushla nd along the Canadian River. Floyd County Randall County The expense of constructing a con­ Verna Lynne Stewar t, S ecre tary VOTING IS YOUR Floyd Co. Abstract, 215 W . California, F loydada Mrs. Louise Tompkins, Secretary duit system and pumping the water C. 0. Lyles, 1980 ...... Route 4, Floydad a F a rm Bureau, 1714 Fifth Ave., Ca n yon uphill will be considerable. Perhaps Con nie Bearden. 1980 ...... Route 1, Floyd ada J ohn F. R obinson, 1979 ...... 1002 7th St., Can yon RIGHT ..•.. M. M. S mitherman, 1980 ...... S ilverton Star R t., Bill Dugan, 1979 ...... R t . 2, Box 30, H appy more difficult than paying for the proj­ Floydad a Harry LeGra n d , 1981 ...... 4700 S. Bowie, Ama rillo Cha rles H uffman, 1982 ...... Rou te 1, Lockney J ack B randt, 1981 ...... Rt. I , Box 280, Canyon ect will be working out political mat­ Gilber t L. F awver , 1982 ...... Rou te 4, F loydada AND RESPONSIBILITY. J oh nny Sluder , 1981 ...... Box 56 , Bushland ters. The need for the water transfer ! NOTICE : Informa tion regarding times and places of t h e mon thly County Comm ittee meeting can be is extremely great, however, and the Vote January 20, 1979 secured from the respective County Secretaries. Oklahoma, New Mexico and Texas Application s for well pe r mits can be secured a t t h e address shown below t h e resp ective County Secretar y's name, excep t for Pot ter Count y; in this cou nty contact w. J . H il l. Commissioners of the Canadian River l

December, 1978 THE CROSS SECTION Page 3

1 ( \~\_1 ..... ,_ I m"~". :7 -- , r_L ___ ~, .• ~ :-!--" .J. -/~'.._I TEX AS I I .I- 1 , I I ~~ r----- : I I @ ~--~ J : _I .. I I j "!:~ ----- ...J ltUU'OII ... _, I .. [cC?_EAF _ SMITH ___ _ I : RANDALL• ,t>: T ~G I --,------1- - --; - 1----.------1-1, 1 3 , ~.J · o,,v 1 '-:,.... I . U.ITU L-1 : I;; • II IOMA J 1 2 1 I 2 , " I ~ rl I ~ ~..._. ~~/-. <.J-. I .. \,/1111un • TUI.IA ~--:>( . -~\ I I :f.l. • ? 3 I S 1lVlll TOIII ,;,> ~ AIIW(I.I. I ~ : • T .. ~IUU : t / ' (ARMER ____ °Z _r _ _ , CAST RD ______...JJi'.!.\'lS_ti;fj ______.l~f!l§f~~-~ I 1 0 10 20 miles : """',G) .-.t 11 11~'--- BOUNDARY OF THE HIGH PLAINS UNDERGROUNDSCALE I WATER CONSERVATION DISTRICT NO. 1 I I ,----'1 ______1 ....~--- BOUNDARY OF SUB DIVISION NO. 1 OF THE UNDERGROUND WATER RESERVOIR IN THE OGALLALA FORMATION : I : ! ~--~ OCIII : SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS ESCARPMENT I •-J c:;tJ I DISTRICT DIRECTOR'S PRECINCT LOCATION AND NUMBER (WITHIN EACH COUNTY) L~l!:l;_Y_ - - - - - _J_ _ , OF POLLING PLACES, ELECTION OF JANUARY 20, 1979 DISTRICT DIRECTOR 'S PRECINCT d

The maps above show the area-District Director's Precincts 3 and 4-wherein the January 20, 1979, election will be held, and the locations of polling places for the election.

ELECTION ... continued from page 1 (1) In County Committeeman's continued from page 1 choose two Committeemen at large Precinct 1, one Committeeman from Water Conservation Practices ••• from among the following candidates: among the following candidates: and the user must be made aware of sidering the cost of water compared James Bible Marshall Head the relationship between quantity used with other manufacturing costs. Some James E. Vick (2) In County Committeeman's and cost. It is recommended that reasonable balance should be achiev­ James Stockett Precinct 3, one Committeeman from water utility agencies use uniform, able by equating supply available and Woodrow Wesley among the following candidates: peak/ seasonal or increasing block rates community economic considerations. In Potter County, Texas, all eligible D. J. Cox in water pricing. In addition, eliminat­ Agricultural Water Conservation ing ad valorem taxes for water and Potter County Voters may choose two POLLING PLACES AND OFFICERS The efficient use of irrigation water collecting the revenue through the rate Committeemen at large from among FOR 1979 ELECTION has been the subject of exhaustive re­ structure, and similarly handling sew­ the following candidates: ARMSTRONG COUNTY search for more than 25 years in the age treatment charges would further Sam D. Line Polling Place No. 1: Wayside Com- High Plains area. On-the-farm imple­ contribute to the user's awareness of Mark Menke munity Center, Wayside, Texas mentation of study recommendations the quantity-cost relationship. Any at­ In Randall County, Texas, all eligible Presiding Judge: Estelle Rogers is wide spread and significant in its tempt to control water use through Randall County voters may choose two impact upon consumptive water use. BAILEY COUNTY pricing must be mindful of the impact Committeemen at large from among Polling Place No. 1: Enochs Gin Office, Virtually every farm on the High Plains the following candidates: on low income segments of the popu­ utilizes one or more water conserva­ Enochs, Texas lation. The so-called lifeline rate con­ Roger 8. Gist Ill Presiding Judge: W. R. Adams tion practices, and the complexity of Bill Dugan cept recently implemented by some total water management integration Polling Place No. 2: Bailey County gas and electricity utilities, where-by on some farms is awesome. Candidates for County Committee­ Courthouse, Muleshoe, Texas discount rates on the first units de­ men from the various County Commis­ Presiding Judge: 8. H. Black livered are made available to certain A list of agricultural practices which sioners' Precincts situated within Dis­ offer an opportunity to conserve water CASTRO COUNTY needy, could be included in the pricing trict Director's Precincts Three and would include: Polling Place No. 1: American Legion system. Four are as follows: The method of application: Hall, Nazareth, Texas Commercial and Industrial A. In Castro County, Texas sprinkler, drip, etc. Presiding Judge: Mrs. Leo Ehly Water Conservation (1 ) In Commissioner's Precinct Irrigation scheduling. Polling Place No. 2: City Hall Com­ No. 3, one Committeeman from among Most of the methods for reducing Good drainage and re-use systems. munity Room, Dimmitt, Texas the following candidates: residential waste are also applicable Optimum rainfall utilization. Presiding Judge: Noel Gollehon George Elder to water users in the commercial and Weed control. Polling Place No. 3: City Hall, industrial sector. Inter-governmental (2) In Commissioner's Precinct Use of flow line and seepage Hart, Texas programs should be instituted so that No. 4, one Committeeman from among control. Presiding Judge: Percy Hart these agencies would set an example the fol lowing candidates: Suppression of evaporation and by implementing water saving practices Floyd Schulte DEAF SMITH COUNTY transpiration. Polling Place No. 1: Hereford at their facilities wherever possible. Choice of crops grown. B. In Deaf Smith County, Texas Community Center, Park Avenue, In the industrial sector, recent water System automation-soil moisture (1) In Commissioner's Precinct Hereford, Texas pollution laws have, and will to a larger sensing, etc. No. 3, one Committeeman from among Presiding Judge: Mrs. Clinton Jackson extent in the future, provide incentives Cultivation practices. the following candidates: to reduce water use. Conservation Land use capability and W. L. Davis, Jr. PARMER COUNTY Polling Place No. 1: County measures include not only increased compatibility. (2) In Commissioner's Precinct Courthouse, Farwell, Texas in-plant reuse and reduction of use, Obviously, a number of other mea­ No. 4, one Committeeman from among Presiding Judge: Albert H. Smith but also the use of treated sewage and sures have applicability under certain the following candidates: Polling Place No. 2: City, Hall, industrial waste water. In considering circumstances. Escalation of energy Bill Cleavinger Bovina, Texas the location of new industries, particu­ prices is providing additional incentives C. In Parmer County, Texas Presiding Judge: Aubrey Brock lar attention should be given to areas for innovative water management, and where treated effluent can be made the penalty for non-adaptability may (1 ) In Commissioner's Precinct Polling Place No. 3: Fire Station, available. well be economic failure for some area No. 1, one Committeeman from among Friona, Texas Current water pricing systems have irrigation farmers. the following candidates: Presiding Judge: J. L. Witten Floyd Reeve commonly favored large users through Each sector of water using populace POTTER COUNTY a rate structure which includes reduc­ must become involved in w ater con­ (2) In Commissioner's Precinct Polling Place No. 1: Schoolhouse in tions in unit price. Such pricing poli­ servation practices whenever th e op­ No. 2, one Committeeman from among Bushland, Texas cies have been utilized to encourage portunity is available. Through dedica­ the following candidates: Presiding Judge: Mrs. Robert Lolley economic development. Communities tion and perseverance, th e water prob­ Ralph Roming RANDALL COUNTY continue to be concerned with a lems of the area can be met with con­ D. In Bailey County, Texas Polling Place No. 1: Richardson Farm healthy, viable economy; therefore, structive action aimed at all eviating, or Candidates for County Commit­ Supply, Inc., Hereford Highway, the inequity of reducing rates in water pushing further into the future, the teemen from Ba il ey County Commit­ Canyon, Texas pricing to industry should be addressed impact which water shortages will teeman's precincts are as follows: Presiding Judge: Marshall Rockwell, Jr. in terms of the financial impact con- bring. Page 4 THE CROSS SECTION December, 1978 Water Development Board Chooses New Vice Chairman Water Levels In John H. Garrett, from Deer Park, has Garrett was originally appointed to the Vehicle Commission. been elected as Vice Chairman of the Board in January 1976, to a term ex­ Other members of the TWDB are A. Observation Wells Texas Water Development Board. His piring December 31, 1981. L. Black, a life-long farmer and rancher election took place at the regular In a related action, W. 0. Bankston, from Friona, first appointed to the To Be Measured meeting of the TWDB on November a Dallas automobile dealer, was ap­ Board in 1974; George W. McCleskey, 21 and came as a result of the resigna­ pointed by Governor Dolph Briscoe to a lawyer and recogn ized authority on Don't be surprised if you see a blue tion from the Board and that position serve on the TWDB, because of Mr. water law, a long-time resident of Lub­ and white vehicle traveling through of Mr. Robert B. Gilmore, a 14 year Gilmore's resignation, for a term expir­ bock and Board member si nce 1976; your land or parked on some of your member of the Board. ing December 31, 1983. His appoint­ Glen E. Roney, president of the Mc­ land near one of your irrigation wells Mr. Garrett's term as Vice Chairman ment is subject to confirmation by the Allen State Bank, on the Board since beginning in January. It will in all will expire in 1980. In contrast to the Senate. 1976; and Milton T. Potts, manager and probability be a Water District vehicle Chairman of the TWDB who is ap­ Mr. Bankston, a long time Dallas resi­ superintendent of the Sam Houston and staff member as the District will pointed by and serves at the will of dent and community leader, has served Electric Cooperative in Livingston, who begin its an nual measurement of the the Governor, the Vice Chairman is in various state appointments in the is the senior member of the Board depth-to-water levels in the more than elected by vote of the Board members past including the Texas Law Enforce­ having been appointed to his first term 800 observation we I I s scattered in March of even numbered years. ment Foundation and the Texas Motor in 1963. throughout the fifteen county District area. Since most of the wells to be mea­ sured are operational irrigation wells the month of January was chosen to allow for a reading in wells that have not been utilized for quite some time. This dormant period allows for recov­ ery from the cone of depression de­ veloped during the pumping season. The wells will be measured to find the depth to the "static" water level. After measuring, a yellow identifica­ tion tag will be attached to the well equipment for the owner's information. Information gained from this pro­ gram is used for decline rate projec­ tions, determining the amount of water left in storage and very importantly, as a basis for the income-tax depletion allowance claims on landowner's tax JOHN H. GARRETT W. 0 . BANKSTON ROBERT B. GILMORE returns. The Board of Directors, County Committeemen and Staff wish each of you a healthy, prosperous and happy 1979 ! !

SOV6L SVX3l '>10088nl 0 3nN3AV Of:6Z I "ON lOllllSIO NOl!VAH3SNOO l1Wl!3d SSVlO ON003S ll31VM aNnOHOH30Nn SNIVld HOIH