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The Bible in a Day THE BIBLE IN A DAY SESSION 4: Prophecy #5 - PROPHETIC LITERATURE Amos 3:8 The lion has roared—so who isn’t frightened? The Sovereign Lord has spoken—so who can refuse to proclaim his message? Jeremiah 20:9 But if I say I’ll never mention the Lord or speak in his name, his word burns in my heart like a fire. It’s like a fire in my bones! I am worn out trying to hold it in! I can’t do it! God gives the Law and he ___________________ it. UNDERSTANDING THE PROPHETS A common problem we have in understanding the prophetic literature is that we focus on too narrow of a definition of the word “prophecy.” Less than 2% of OT prophecy is Messianic Less than 5% specifically describes the new-covenant age Less than 1% specifically concerns events yet to come in our time “Generally in the narrative books of the OT we hear about prophets and very little from prophets. In the Prophetic Books, however, we hear from God via the prophets and very little about the prophets themselves. This single difference accounts for most of the problems people have in making sense of the Prophetic Books in the OT.” -Gordon Fee Historical context is key: “God spoke in history and about history. To understand God’s Word we must know something of that history.” -Gordon Fee THREE GROUPS OF PROPHETS In this study, we’re going to look at the prophets in chronological order, because a familiarity with their historical backdrop will aid in understanding message. The prophets can be grouped easily according to three major time periods. The Assyrian Prophets (during the divided kingdom before the fall of Israel) Jonah, Amos, Hosea, Micah, Isaiah The Babylonian Prophets (between the fall of Israel and Judah) Zephaniah, Habakkuk, Jeremiah, Nahum, Ezekiel, Obadiah, Lamentations The Persian Prophets (during the exile) Daniel, Haggai, Zechariah, Joel (?), Malachi FORMS OF PROPHETIC UTTERANCE The Lawsuit In this type of oracle, the prophet describes a courtroom scene where a nation is on trial and God is the persecuting attorney and judge. These texts make a case against Israel, convicting the people for not following the covenant previously accepted. The Woe In this type of oracle, the prophet announces destruction and doom that is coming upon a nation for (usually) a specific reason. The Promise (or Salvation Oracle) In this type of oracle, the prophet holds out the hope that deliverance will come, and that the Lord has not totally forgotten his people. PROPHECY GROUP EXERCISE #1 (PT. 1) Take the next few minutes to read the following passages and answer the questions. Habakkuk 2:6-8 “But soon their captives will taunt them. They will mock them, saying, ‘What sorrow awaits you thieves! Now you will get what you deserve! You’ve become rich by extortion, but how much longer can this go on?’ Suddenly, your debtors will take action. They will turn on you and take all you have, while you stand trembling and helpless. Because you have plundered many nations; now all the survivors will plunder you. You committed murder throughout the countryside and filled the towns with violence.” What type of oracle is this? Circle your answer: lawsuit woe promise Underline the words and phrases that support your choice. Make a list of all the things the prophet says the people have done wrong. PROPHECY GROUP EXERCISE #1 (PT. 2) Amos 9:11-15 “In that day I will restore the fallen house of David. I will repair its damaged walls. From the ruins I will rebuild it and restore its former glory. And Israel will possess what is left of Edom and all the nations I have called to be mine.” The Lord has spoken, and he will do these things. “The time will come,” says the Lord, “when the grain and grapes will grow faster than they can be harvested. Then the terraced vineyards on the hills of Israel will drip with sweet wine! I will bring my exiled people of Israel back from distant lands, and they will rebuild their ruined cities and live in them again. They will plant vineyards and gardens; they will eat their crops and drink their wine. I will firmly plant them there in their own land. They will never again be uprooted from the land I have given them,” says the Lord your God. What type of oracle is this? Circle your answer: lawsuit woe promise Underline the words and phrases that support your choice. Make a list of all the things the prophet says the people have done wrong. PROPHECY GROUP EXERCISE #1 (PT. 3) Isaiah 3:13-26 The Lord takes his place in court and presents his case against his people! The Lord comes forward to pronounce judgment on the elders and rulers of his people: “You have ruined Israel, my vineyard. Your houses are filled with things stolen from the poor. How dare you crush my people, grinding the faces of the poor into the dust?” demands the Lord, the Lord of Heaven’s Armies. The Lord says, “Beautiful Zion is haughty: craning her elegant neck, flirting with her eyes, walking with dainty steps, tinkling her ankle bracelets. So the Lord will send scabs on her head; the Lord will make beautiful Zion bald.” On that day of judgment the Lord will strip away everything that makes her beautiful: ornaments, headbands, crescent necklaces, earrings, bracelets, and veils; scarves, ankle bracelets, sashes, perfumes, and charms; rings, jewels, party clothes, gowns, capes, and purses; mirrors, fine linen garments, head ornaments, and shawls. Instead of smelling of sweet perfume, she will stink. She will wear a rope for a sash, and her elegant hair will fall out. She will wear rough burlap instead of rich robes. Shame will replace her beauty. The men of the city will be killed with the sword, and her warriors will die in battle. The gates of Zion will weep and mourn. The city will be like a ravaged woman, huddled on the ground. What type of oracle is this? Circle your answer: lawsuit woe promise Underline the words and phrases that support your choice. Make a list of all the things the prophet says the people have done wrong. Make a list of all the things the prophet says will happen as a result of the people’s actions. PERSONAL REFLECTION FROM THE PROPHETS JONAH Jonah’s message of destruction was given to the “great city” of Nineveh, the capital of the Assyrian Empire. The Assyrians were brutal conquerors, which is probably why Jonah ran in the opposite direction; he wanted them to be destroyed. Do you ever find yourself becoming selfish with God’s love, not wanting people you don’t like to experience God? Do you ever let your personal feelings get in the way of serving others? AMOS Amos was a shepherd and fig tree farmer from a town called Tekoa, located near Jerusalem. Amos wasn’t educated or trained to be a priest; he was a blue-collar guy whom God used to change a nation. During the time of Amos, Israel was all talk but no action. Does your life ever fall into this trap? It’s easy to tell others that we believe in Jesus; it’s difficult to live it in our everyday lives. HOSEA Like many of the prophets, Hosea had a tough call to fulfill. In the midst of a period of Israel’s prosperity, he delivered God’s message of anger with Israel’s unfaithfulness—a message the Northern Kingdom wasn’t willing to accept. Hosea’s life also communicated his message of his words: God commanded Hosea to marry a prostitute, Gomer, and to remain faithful to her despite her unfaithfulness. Why do you think God demands to be the first priority in our lives? What are the results when a person has divided loyalties? In your own life, do you have people, priorities, or possessions that hinder your pure worship of God? MICAH God is both merciful and righteous. God continually offered his forgiveness, and it was God’s desire to accept back his disobedient people. However, Israel and Judah would have nothing to do with God, and Micah told them of the coming destruction. In light of the definition of justice given above, what do think would be “just” in your life? How does the reality of Jesus affect justice? ZEPHANIAH The fall of Samaria should have been a constant reminder of God’s power, but an evil king (Manasseh) ruled in Jerusalem after Hezekiah (the godly king who saved Jerusalem from the Assyrians). Josiah followed Manasseh and began a widespread series of religious and social reforms. Zephaniah began his ministry before Josiah reformed the kingdom. His message focused primarily on Judah but also included words against some surrounding nations. A major cause of judgment for Judah was that the people had chosen to “sit complacent in their sins” (1:12), yet God made a promise: “With his love, he will calm all your fears” (3:17). In your life, what makes the difference between being complacent and being calm? How do God’s promises in Zephaniah calm your heart? HABAKKUK Habakkuk’s prophecy was delivered during the decline of Judah, before the destruction of Jerusalem in 586 B.C. Conditions during the life of the prophet would have progressed from excellent—with considerable material prosperity and even the promise of spiritual revival—to the height of desperation as the net was drawn around the hapless capital [Jerusalem].
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