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Stockholm Syndrome Reflected on Danielle Steel Undercover Novel (2015): a Sociological Approach

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Stockholm Syndrome Reflected on Danielle Steel Undercover Novel (2015): a Sociological Approach STOCKHOLM SYNDROME REFLECTED ON DANIELLE STEEL UNDERCOVER NOVEL (2015): A SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH Compiled as one of the requirements to complete the Strata I Study Department of English Education School of Teacher Training Education By: IBNA AWALIYA BAHARI A320150195 DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING EDUCATION UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA 2019 ACCEPTANCE STOCKHOLM SYNDROME REFLECTED ON DANIELLE STEEL UNDERCOVER NOVEL (2015): A SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH ARTICLE PUBLICATION By: IBNA AWALIYA BAHARI A320150195 Accepted and Approved by Board Examiners School of Teacher Training and Education Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta On August, 2019 Team of Examiners: 1. Dr. M. Thoyibi, M.S. (Head of Examiner) (………………………….) 2. Dr. Phil. Dewi Chandraningrum, S.Pd., M.Ed. (Member 1 of Examiner) (………………………….) 3. Titis Setyabudi, S.S., M.A. (Member 2 of Examiner) (………………………….) Dean Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M.Hum. NIP. 19504281993031001 i ii iii STOCKHOLM SYNDROME REFLECTED ON DANIELLE STEEL UNDERCOVER NOVEL (2015): A SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH Abstrak Penelitian ini berfokus pada isu mengenai Sindrom Stockholm yang terdapat pada novel Undercover karangan Danielle Steel (2015). Teori yang digunakan untuk menganalisis novel ini adalah pendekatan sosiologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis indikator-indikator mengenai Sindrom Stockholm yang terdapat pada novel, bagaimana Sindrom Stockholm digambarkan dalam novel, dan alasan pengarang menyatakan isu ini pada novel. Penulis menggunakan dua jenis data untuk menganalisis penelitian ini yaitu data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer yang dugunakan adalah novel Undercover karya Danielle Steel sedangkan data sekunder yang terdiri dari jurnal, website, kamus elektronik yang terkait dengan isu ini. Terdapat tiga hasil penelitian pada novel ini. Pertama, terdapat lima indikator terkait isu Sindrom Stockholm yaitu timbulnya perasaan positif terhadap penculik, pencucian otak, hubungan romantis, timbulnya perasaan negatif terhadap para penyelamat, dan ikatan emosional. Kedua, pengarang menggambarkan isu Sindrom Stockholm ini melalui karakter, kejadian, latar tempat dan style. Ketiga, pengarang menyatakan isu Sindrom Stockholm dalam novel ini berdasarkan fenomena sosial yang terdapat di U.S yaitu penculikan Patty Hearst di California pada 1974. Kata kunci: sindrom stockholm, danielle steel, fenomena sosial, pendekatan sosiologi. Abstract This study focuses on the issue of Stockholm syndrome found in the novel Undercover by Danielle Steel (2015). The theory used to analyze this novel is the sociology approach. This study aims to analyze the indicators of Stockholm syndrome found in the novel, how Stockholm syndrome is described in the novel, and the reason the author states this issue in the novel. The author uses two types of data to analyze this research, namely primary data and secondary data. The primary data used is the Undercover novel by Danielle Steel while the secondary data consist of journals, websites, electronic dictionaries related to this issue. There are three results of research on this novel. First, there are five indicators related to the issue of Stockholm syndrome, namely the emergence of positive feelings for kidnappers, brainwashing, romantic relationships, the emergence of negative feelings towards saviors, and emotional ties. Second, the author describes the issue of Stockholm syndrome through character, events, setting and style. Third, the author states that the Stockholm syndrome issue in this novel is based on social phenomena found in U.S, that was the kidnapping of Patty Hearst in California in 1974. Keywords: stockholm syndrome, danielle steel, social phenomena, sociology approach. 1 1. INTRODUCTION The major of issue in this study was the Stockholm syndrome portrayed in Danielle Steel's Undercover novel which was published in 2015. Stockholm syndrome is that psychologically abductees show signs of loyalty, affection, and even defense of kidnappers regardless of the danger or risk experienced by the victim. The history of this case is an incident Sveriges Bank Credit robbery in Stockholm, Sweden. Jan-Erik Olsson and Clark Olofsson had held bank employees hostage on August 23 to August 28 in 1973 so that this case called Stockholm syndrome (The medical dictionary “Stockholm syndrome” 2015). Besides in literary works this issue has also been studied on social phenomena or actual events. The researchers found seven existing studies related to this issue. There are two types of research found that are based on social reality and based on literary work. Six of the seven previous studies found by researchers were based on the social reality of the Stockholm syndrome and one in seven is based on a novel entitled Anak Perawan di Sarang Penyamun by Sutan Takdir Ali Syahbana. Six studies based on social event Stockholm syndrome are as follows Jülich (2005), Sekarlina, Margaretha (2013), McLaughlin & Marie (2015), Qomariyah (2016), Julich & Oak (2016) and Yuliani & Fitria (2017). While one research based on a novel is research from Akhsan (2015). Jülich (2005) examined through unstructured interview methods, this study focuses on the relationship between Stockholm syndrome in the response of adult survivors to child sexual abuse, which seems to have an impact on their ability to report criminals. Sekarlina, Margaretha (2013) used a qualitative approach with instrumental case study methods. The focus of this study includes the conditions in the dominant relationship as an indicator of the development of Stockholm syndrome, cognitive distortions that arise in the victim, and what reasons make the victim survive in his relationship. There were 3 research subjects obtained through purposive techniques. McLaughlin & Marie (2015) through the psychological phenomenon of the Stockholm syndrome has been revealed and how it applies to Elizabeth's intelligent abduction with the facts that occurred related this case. Qomariyah (2016) examined by Qualitative descriptive research 2 by using 3 samples of each primary and secondary subject selected using a purposive sampling approach. Semi-structured interviews were used for data collection and analyzed using the Miles and Huberman models. The results of the analysis show that teenagers who are victims of dating violence have their own ways to avoid abusive treatment from their partners. Even though their partner has given harsh treatment, their partner also shows a good attitude. Julich & Oak (2016) examined the research by exploration that focuses on the treatment process and the condition of Stockholm syndrome so that the victim does not dare to reveal. Then raises questions "Is caring for the Stockholm syndrome facilitator?" And trying to answer it by examining the precursors and psychological responses that are treatments and the Stockholm syndrome. Yuliani & Fitria (2017) aimed the study to determine the preoccupied role of attachment style towards the tendency to experience Stockholm syndrome in early adult women. The study used a quantitative approach, with participants as many as 232 samples through incidental sampling techniques. Measurements were made with the preoccupied dimensions of the Attachment Styles Questionnaire and the Stockholm syndrome. The regression test results showed that the preoccupied attachment style had a significant role in the tendency to experience Stockholm syndrome which was 1.9%. While Akhsan (2015) through the psychology aspect of literature in this study concentrates on the phenomenon of Stockholm Sayu's syndrome. The characteristics that emerge can be recognized through the behavior of the character Sayu and through the situations that encourage the Stockholm syndrome. Psychologically, Sayu gained a great influence from other figures, Medasing as a hostage who subsequently experienced the phenomenon of five syndromes, and Samad as a savior that encouraged the occurrence of events. The theories used in the research are Robert Stanton's structural theory, Welek and Warren's literary psychological theory, and theories about interpretation. Based on the previous study above, most of them researched Stockholm syndrome based on social events with sample consisting of people and one based on the novel and with various kinds of methods namely qualitative and quantitative. As for the six writers who raised the issue of Stockholm syndrome in 3 their novel, they are as follow: Jim Thompson (1958), James Grady (1974), J.G. Ballard (1984), Lucy Christopher (2010), A.J. Grainger (2016), and Mary Kubica (2017). From the authors who raised the Stockholm syndrome issue, there has been no research that raised the Stockholm syndrome issue based on the novel. Researcher only found one study namely Akhsan (2015) which raised the issue of Stockholm syndrome based on novel entitled Anak Perawan di Sarang Penyamun by Sutan Takdir Ali Syahbana. It can be concluded that there is a gap in research related to Stockholm syndrome. Therefore, in this study the researcher was interested in analyzing the issue of Stockholm syndrome in the Undercover novel by Danielle Steel. The theory used by researcher in this study is the sociological approach. Theory relating to the relationship between humans and the environment in society. So that in this theory there are three things to analyze, namely sociology of the writer, sociology of society and sociology of the reader. Sociology of literature is based on the dimensions of the author's background with regard to origin, background and environment. While
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