Introduction to the Cariboo Gold Rush

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Introduction to The Cariboo Gold Rush Background · an extension of the gold rush in the Fraser Canyon from 1858 to 1860 · first major find of gold occurred at Horsefly in summer 1859 The Gold Rush · thousands of miners flooded into the area during 1860-61 from many parts of the world (e.g., Overlanders, miners from California Gold Rush of 1848-49, British and Continental prospecters, immigration from China): 100,000 people at peak · town of Yale (established as trading post 1848) booms as point to which steamboats could advance up river and starting point of the Cariboo Wagon Road to the Interior. · the town of Barkerville founded 1862 · work began in 1862 on the very expensive Cariboo Wagon Road to link the gold fields of the Interior to the outside world · peak in 1863 with an estimated production of 10 tonnes of gold · replacement of surface digs by underground shafts, a capital and labour intensive kind of mining · large companies took over the mines and hired crews at daily wages · banks opened to value and receive gold · gold shipped to the coast by express companies using pack trains and stagecoaches · estimated $30 million worth of gold came out of the Cariboo during the 1860s · gold peters out and most miners depart in the next decade Short- and Long-Term Consequences for British Columbia · economic boom-and-bust cycle · short-term economic growth opportunities: accommodation, transportation · demands for infrastructure: road building, construction of housing · short-term rapid rise in prices of basic commodities, housing, and land · growth of large public debt to provide services and infrastructure, especially the Cariboo Wagon Road · political change as population expands (growth of municipalities) · eventual movement towards confederation with the Dominion of Canada · demands on government services and the bureaucracy · immigration from diverse sources · opening up of central British Columbia to non-Aboriginal settlement · increased non-native population with whom the Aboriginal peoples come into contact.

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