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Cultura Arbuștilor Fructiferi Și Căpșunului

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Cultura Arbuștilor Fructiferi Și Căpșunului Centrul de consultanţă în afaceri CULTURA ARBUșTILOR FRUCTIFERI șI CĂPșUNULUI Chișinău 2017 Manualul a fost avizat favorabil pentru publicare de către Senatul Universității Agrare de Stat din Moldova. Grupul de autori: Balan Valerian, doctor habilitat, profesor universitar, Universitatea Agrară de Stat din Moldova; Sava Parascovia, doctor în științe agricole, conferenţiar cercetător, Institutul Ştiinţifico-Practic de Horticultură şi Tehnologii Alimentare; Calalb Tatiana, doctor habilitat, profesor universitar, Universitatea de Stat de Medicină și Farmacie „Nicolae Testemiţanu” din Republica Moldova; Ciorchină Nina, doctor în științe biologice, conferenţiar cercetător, Grădina Botanică (Institut) a AŞM; Cumpanici Andrei, doctor în științe tehnice, conferenţiar universitar, Universitatea Tehnică a Moldovei; Dodica Dmitri, Coordonator de Proiect, AMIB, AO Centrul de Consultanţă în Afaceri ONG; Roşca Ion, doctor în științe biologice, conferenţiar cercetător, Grădina Botanică (Institut) a AŞM; Todiraș Vladimir, doctor habilitat, conferențiar cercetător, Institutul de Genetică, Fiziologie și Protecție a Plantelor al AŞM; Zbancă Andrei, doctor în științe economice, conferențiar universitar, Universitatea Agrară de Stat din Moldova. Coordonatorii grupului de autori: Balan Valerian, doctor habilitat, profesor universitar, Universitatea Agrară de Stat din Moldova; Dodică Dmitri, Coordonator de Proiect, AMIB, AO Centrul de Consultanță în afaceri ONG; Recenzenti: Istrate Mihai, doctor habilitat, profesor universitar, Universitatea de Ştiințe Agricole și Medicină Veterinară „Ion Ionescu de la Brad”, Iași, România; Manziuc Valerii, doctor în științe agricole, conferențiar universitar, Universitatea Agrară de Stat din Moldova. Editarea acestui manual a fost posibilă cu susţinerea Fundaţiei Elveţiene HEKS EPER Moldova în cadrul proiectului ,,Îmbu- nătăţirea productivităţii şi accesul la piaţă a producătorilor de pomuşoare din Centrul și Nordul Republicii Moldova (AMIB), implementat de AO ,,Centrul de Consultanţă în Afaceri” ONG. Descrierea CIP a Camerei Naţionale a Cărţii CULTURA ARBUŞTILOR FRUCTIFERI ŞI CĂPŞUNULUI.MANUAL DIDACTIC 3 CUPRINS PREFAȚĂ......................................................................................................................................................... 14 STAREA ACTUALĂ ȘI TENDINȚELE DE DEZVOLTARE A SECTORULUI ÎN CULTIVARE A ARBUȘTILOR FRUCTIFERI ȘI CĂPȘUNULUI (Dodica Dmitri) ................................................................ 15 1. CULTURA CĂPŞUNULUI (Sava Parascovia) .......................................................................................... 27 1.1. Importanţa, originea şi arealul de cultură ............................................................................................28 1.2. Particularităţile biologice de creştere şi de fructificare ale căpșunului .............................................28 1.3. Cerinţele căpşunului faţă de condiţiile de mediu ................................................................................31 1.4. Descrierea taxonomică a principalelor soiuri de căpşun ....................................................................31 1.4.1. Soiuri de căpșun neremontate ........................................................................................................32 1.4.2. Soiuri de căpșun remontante..........................................................................................................36 1.5. Înmulţirea căpşunului .............................................................................................................................38 1.6. Înfiinţarea şi întreţinerea plantaţiilor anuale de căpşun .....................................................................41 1.7. Înfiinţarea şi întreţinerea plantaţiilor multianuale de căpşun ............................................................42 1.8. Cultura protejată a căpşunului ...............................................................................................................48 1.9. Fertilizarea şi irigarea plantaţiilor de căpșun .......................................................................................51 1.10. Protecţia plantaţiilor contra factorilor negativi ai mediului ............................................................52 1.11. Bolile şi dăunătorii. Combaterea (Todiraş Vladimir) ........................................................................53 1.12. Recoltarea fructelor de căpşun .............................................................................................................69 Bibliografie selectivă ........................................................................................................................... 70 2. CULTURA ZMEURULUI (Sava Parascovia) ............................................................................................. 71 2.1. Importanţa, originea şi arealul de cultură ............................................................................................72 2.2. Particularităţile biologice de creştere şi fructificare ale zmeurului ...................................................72 2.3. Cerinţele zmeurului faţă de condiţiile de mediu ................................................................................74 2.4. Descrierea taxonomică a principalelor soiuri de zmeur ....................................................................75 CULTURA ARBUŞTILOR FRUCTIFERI ŞI CĂPŞUNULUI 4 2.4.1. Soiuri de zmeur sezoniere (neremontante) ..................................................................................75 2.4.2. Soiuri de zmeur remontante ...........................................................................................................78 2.5. Înmulţirea zmeurului ..............................................................................................................................81 2.6. Înfiinţarea și întreţinerea plantaţiilor de zmeur ...................................................................................83 2.6.1. Înfiinţarea plantaţiei de zmeur .......................................................................................................83 2.6.2. Sisteme de conducere a plantelor de zmeur .................................................................................84 2.6.3. Tăierea plantelor de zmeur .............................................................................................................86 2.6.4. Întreţinerea solului, fertilizarea și irigarea....................................................................................87 2.6.5. Protecţia plantaţiilor de zmeur contra factorilor negativi ai mediului .....................................89 2.6.6. Bolile şi dăunătorii. Combatere (Todiraş Vladimir) ....................................................................89 2.7. Recoltarea fructelor de zmeur ................................................................................................................98 Bibliografie selectivă ........................................................................................................................... 99 3.CULTURA MURULUI (Ciorchină Nina, Balan Valerian) .......................................................................101 3.1.Importanţa, originea şi arealul de cultură ...........................................................................................102 3.2. Particularităţile biologice de creştere şi fructificare ale murului .....................................................104 3.3. Cerinţele murului faţă de condiţiile de mediu ...................................................................................105 3.4. Descrierea taxonomică a principalelor soiuri de mur .......................................................................106 3.5. Înmulţirea murului ................................................................................................................................112 3.6. Înfiinţarea şi întreţinerea plantaţiilor de mur .....................................................................................114 3.6.1. Înfiinţarea plantaţiei ......................................................................................................................115 3.6.2. Sisteme de conducere a plantelor de mur ...................................................................................116 3.6.3. Tăierea plantelor de mur ...............................................................................................................119 3.6.4. Întreţinerea solului, fertilizarea și irigarea..................................................................................120 3.6.5. Protecţia plantelor de mur contra factorilor negativi ai mediului ..........................................121 3.6.6. Bolile şi dăunătorii. Combaterea (Todiraş Vladimir) ................................................................122 3.7. Recoltarea fructelor de mur ..................................................................................................................128 Bibliografie selectivă ......................................................................................................................... 129 5 4.CULTURA COACĂZULUI NEGRU ŞI ROŞU (Sava Parascovia) ...........................................................131 4.1. Importanţa, originea şi arealul de cultură ..........................................................................................132 4.2. Particularităţile biologice de creştere şi fructificare ale coacăzului negru și roșu .........................132
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