Countries Part of the Schengen Agreement
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A Success Story Or a Failure? : Representing the European Integration in the Curricula and Textbooks of Five Countries
I Inari Sakki A Success Story or a Failure? Representing the European Integration in the Curricula and Textbooks of Five Countries II Social psychological studies 25 Publisher: Social Psychology, Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki Editorial Board: Klaus Helkama, Chair Inga Jasinskaja-Lahti, Editor Karmela Liebkind Anna-Maija Pirttilä-Backman Kari Mikko Vesala Maaret Wager Jukka Lipponen Copyright: Inari Sakki and Unit of Social Psychology University of Helsinki P.O. Box 4 FIN-00014 University of Helsinki I wish to thank the many publishers who have kindly given the permission to use visual material from their textbooks as illustrations of the analysis. All efforts were made to find the copyright holders, but sometimes without success. Thus, I want to apologise for any omissions. ISBN 978-952-10-6423-4 (Print) ISBN 978-952-10-6424-1 (PDF) ISSN 1457-0475 Cover design: Mari Soini Yliopistopaino, Helsinki, 2010 III ABSTRAKTI Euroopan yhdentymisprosessin edetessä ja syventyessä kasvavat myös vaatimukset sen oikeutuksesta. Tästä osoituksena ovat muun muassa viimeaikaiset mediassa käydyt keskustelut EU:n perustuslakiäänestysten seurauksista, kansalaisten EU:ta ja euroa kohtaan osoittamasta ja tuntemasta epäluottamuksesta ja Turkin EU-jäsenyydestä. Taloudelliset ja poliittiset argumentit tiiviimmän yhteistyön puolesta eivät aina riitä kansalaisten tuen saamiseen ja yhdeksi ratkaisuksi on esitetty yhteisen identiteetin etsimistä. Eurooppalaisen identiteetin sanotaan voivan parhaiten muodostua silloin, kun perheen, koulutuksen -
Departure from the Schengen Agreement Macroeconomic Impacts on Germany and the Countries of the European Union
GED Study Departure from the Schengen Agreement Macroeconomic impacts on Germany and the countries of the European Union GED Study Departure from the Schengen Agreement Macroeconomic impacts on Germany and the countries of the European Union Authors Dr. Michael Böhmer, Jan Limbers, Ante Pivac, Heidrun Weinelt Table of contents 1 Background Information 6 2 Methodological approach 7 3 Results 9 4 Further costs of departure from the Schengen Agreement 13 Further economic impact 13 Political impact 14 Social significance 14 5 Conclusion 15 Literature 16 Imprint 18 5 1 Background Information The Schengen Agreement entered into force in 1995 and of checks at EU internal borders, on Germany and other EU today it is comprised of 26 states. This includes all European countries, as well as for the European Union as a whole. The Union members with the exception of the United Kingdom, evaluation period extends to the year 2025. Ireland, Romania, Bulgaria, Cyprus and Croatia, as well as the non-EU countries of Norway, Iceland, Liechtenstein and Switzerland. The agreement provides for the abolition of the requirement to check persons at internal borders within the Schengen area. The Convention Implementing the Schengen Agreement also regulates the standardisation of entry and residency requirements, as well as, the issuing of visas for the entire Schengen area. At the time, police and judicial cooperation measures were also agreed upon, in addition to asylum provisions. In the wake of sharply rising refugee movements into Europe, a partial restoration of border controls has been implemented. European Union countries have seen a significant increase in asylum seekers. -
Implementing the Protocol 36 Opt
September 2012 Opting out of EU Criminal law: What is actually involved? Alicia Hinarejos, J.R. Spencer and Steve Peers CELS Working Paper, New Series, No.1 http://www.cels.law.cam.ac.uk http://www.cels.law.cam.ac.uk/publications/working_papers.php Centre for European Legal Studies • 10 West Road • Cambridge CB3 9DZ Telephone: 01223 330093 • Fax: 01223 330055 • http://www.cels.law.cam.ac.uk EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Protocol 36 to the Lisbon Treaty gives the UK the right to opt out en bloc of all the police and criminal justice measures adopted under the Treaty of Maastricht ahead of the date when the Court of Justice of the EU at Luxembourg will acquire jurisdiction in relation to them. The government is under pressure to use this opt-out in order to “repatriate criminal justice”. It is rumoured that this opt-out might be offered as a less troublesome alternative to those are calling for a referendum on “pulling out of Europe”. Those who advocate the Protocol 36 opt-out appear to assume that it would completely remove the UK from the sphere of EU influence in matters of criminal justice and that the opt-out could be exercised cost-free. In this Report, both of these assumptions are challenged. It concludes that if the opt-out were exercised the UK would still be bound by a range of new police and criminal justice measures which the UK has opted into after Lisbon. And it also concludes that the measures opted out of would include some – notably the European Arrest Warrant – the loss of which could pose a risk to law and order. -
The Schengen Acquis
The Schengen acquis integrated into the European Union ð 1 May 1999 Notice This booklet, which has been prepared by the General Secretariat of the Council, does not commit either the Community institutions or the governments of the Member States. Please note that only the text that shall be published in the Official Journal of the European Communities L 239, 22 September 2000, is deemed authentic. For further information, please contact the Information Policy, Transparency and Public Relations Division at the following address: General Secretariat of the Council Rue de la Loi 175 B-1048 Brussels Fax 32 (0)2 285 5332 E-mail: [email protected] Internet: http://ue.eu.int A great deal of additional information on the European Union is available on the Internet.It can be accessed through the Europa server (http://europa.eu.int). Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2001 ISBN 92-824-1776-X European Communities, 2001 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. Printed in Belgium 3 FOREWORD When the Amsterdam Treaty entered into force on 1 May 1999, cooperation measures hitherto in the Schengen framework were integrated into the European Union framework. The Schengen Protocol annexed to the Amsterdam Treaty lays down detailed arrangements for that integration process. An annex to the protocolspecifies what is meant by ‘Schengen acquis’. The decisions and declarations adopted within the Schengen institutional framework by the Executive Committee have never before been published. The GeneralSecretariat of the Councilhas decided to produce for those interested a collection of the Executive Committee decisions and declarations integrated by the Councildecision of 20 May 1999 (1999/435/EC). -
The 2011 Debacle Over Danish Border Control: a Mismatch of Domestic and European Games Malthe Munkøe
The 2011 Debacle over Danish Border Control: A Mismatch of Domestic and European Games Malthe Munkøe DEPARTMENT OF EU INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND DIPLOMACY STUDIES EU Diplomacy Paper 01 / 2012 Department of EU International Relations and Diplomacy Studies EU Diplomacy Papers 1/2012 The 2011 Debacle over Danish Border Control: A Mismatch of Domestic and European Games Malthe Munkøe © Malthe Munkøe 2012 Dijver 11 | BE-8000 Bruges, Belgium | Tel. +32 (0)50 477 251 | Fax +32 (0)50 477 250 | E-mail [email protected] | www.coleurope.eu/ird Malthe Munkøe About the Author Malthe Munkøe is Consultant at Dansk Erhverv (The Danish Chamber of Commerce), a Danish business confederation. He holds an MA in EU International Relations and Diplomacy Studies (Charles Darwin Promotion 2010) from the College of Europe in Bruges, Belgium, and a Master’s degree in Political Science from the University of Copenhagen, Denmark. He has previously published in a number of Danish academic journals and edited book anthologies on the financial crisis and on public sector reforms. Editorial Team: Andrew Bower, Gino Brunswijck, Francesca Fenton, Grzegorz Grobicki, Sieglinde Gstöhl, Vincent Laporte, Jing Men, Raphaël Métais, Charles Thépaut, Claudia Zulaika Escauriaza Dijver 11 | BE-8000 Bruges, Belgium | Tel. +32 (0)50 477 251 | Fax +32 (0)50 477 250 | E-mail [email protected] | www.coleurope.eu/ird Views expressed in the EU Diplomacy Papers are those of the authors only and do not necessarily reflect positions of either the series editors or the College of Europe. 2 EU Diplomacy Paper 1/2012 Abstract In May 2011 the Danish minority government successfully obtained the support of the Danish People’s Party to carry out a comprehensive pension reform. -
The European Union: Questions and Answers
The European Union: Questions and Answers Updated October 27, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RS21372 SUMMARY RS21372 The European Union: Questions and Answers October 27, 2020 The European Union (EU) is a political and economic partnership that represents a unique form of cooperation among sovereign countries. The EU is the latest stage in a process of integration Kristin Archick begun after World War II, initially by six Western European countries, to foster interdependence Specialist in European and make another war in Europe unthinkable. The EU currently consists of 27 member states, Affairs including most of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, and has helped to promote peace, stability, and economic prosperity throughout the European continent. How the EU Works The EU has been built through a series of binding treaties. Over the years, EU member states have sought to harmonize laws and adopt common policies on an increasing number of economic, social, and political issues. EU member states share a customs union; a single market in which capital, goods, services, and people move freely; a common trade policy; and a common agricultural policy. Nineteen EU member states use a common currency (the euro), and 22 member states participate in the Schengen area of free movement in which internal border controls have been eliminated. In addition, the EU has been developing a Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP), which includes a Common Security and Defense Policy (CSDP), and pursuing cooperation in the area of Justice and Home Affairs (JHA) to forge common internal security measures. Member states work together through several EU institutions to set policy and to promote their collective interests. -
Declaring Criminal Convictions Us Visa
Declaring Criminal Convictions Us Visa Saccharoid Saxon sometimes renegotiated any staining farms pianissimo. Tongue-tied Zechariah editorializing impulsively. Self-respecting and valved Ez defends so rudely that Gay cram his Somme. Some us visa issued, blanket rules which has already registered Criminal Record & Travelling Pardons Canada. Which criminal convictions affect your US visa application The tide of crimes that her cause a visa application to be denied is baffled but these. Now an unspent criminal records eligible for a gardener. Your behalf of a conviction does not have the day and the content on his way inside the. TravelStateGov US DEPARTMENT under STATE BUREAU of CONSULAR AFFAIRS. You may liquid get rich criminal driving record from VicRoads for traffic offences. And individuals subject being mandatory detention based on criminal grounds. Visas to Brazil Consulado-Geral do Brasil em Londres. Gonzalez's testimony ultimately resulted in the convictions of four. If you prepare an unspent criminal conviction there may develop to declare counter to us when we make you simply offer this you wish to accept is a bare conviction will. Policing Non-Citizens. Brent & Powell Immigration Law Success Stories. At the time a visa petition was approved on August 19 1953 declaring him to. Glyn and criminal records who must log in using the declaration, visas to violence against not. Our Blog Goldstein Immigration Lawyers. Declaring Criminal Convictions What have Those Fines. With criminal conviction? This visa application to declare any declared bankruptcy showing that they would not declaring a declaration must log in using plain text. You suck be cash that having a void conviction may result in visa restrictions. -
(Ever) Incomplete Story of Economic and Monetary Union
Journal of Contemporary European Research Volume 12, Issue 1 (2016) Research Article The (Ever) Incomplete Story of Economic and Monetary Union Michele Chang, College of Europe Citation Chang, M. (2016). ‘The (Ever) Incomplete Story of Economic and Monetary Union’, Journal of Contemporary European Research. 12 (1), pp. 486-501. First published at: www.jcer.net Volume 12, Issue 1 (2016) jcer.net Michele Chang Abstract This article applies the governance typology used in this special issue to the evolution of euro area governance. The article begins with a description of Economic and Monetary Union’s original governance structure, with third order governance (shared norms) present in varying degrees in monetary, financial and fiscal governance. While a shared consensus on the importance of an independent central bank to pursue price stability allowed for the creation of the European Central Bank, euro area governance was otherwise limited to the coordination of national policies. Since the crisis, shifting norms (third order governance) allowed for the creation of new bodies (e.g. the European Stability Mechanism and the Single Supervisory Mechanism) and the expansion of the powers of existing institutions (particularly the ECB). In areas where no normative changes occurred (fiscal and economic policy coordination), second order governance has been marked by incremental changes to existing institutions. The degree to which economic governance has become more hierarchical depends both on the strength of third order governance norms and the preferences of large states like Germany either to retain their own sovereignty or create additional rules that bind member states. Keywords Governance; Euro area; Economic and Monetary Union; European Central Bank With the 1992 Maastricht Treaty, the European Union committed to the creation of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) in three stages, culminating in the introduction of the euro on 1 January 1999. -
527 Final 2012/0253
EUROPEAN COMMISSION Brussels, 20.9.2012 COM(2012) 527 final 2012/0253 (COD)C7-0301/12 Proposal for a DECISION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL amending Decision No 574/2007/EC with a view to increasing the co-financing rate of the External Borders Fund for certain Member States experiencing or threatened with serious difficulties with respect to their financial stability EN EN EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM 1. CONTEXT OF THE PROPOSAL Reasons and objectives The sustained financial and economic crisis is stepping up the pressure on national financial resources as Member States reduce their budgets. In this context, ensuring the smooth implementation of programmes adopted under the four Funds established as part of the General Programme on ‘Solidarity and Management of Migration Flows’ (hereinafter referred to as ‘the Funds’), is of particular importance as a means of injecting funds into the economy. Nonetheless, implementation of the programmes is often challenging as a result of liquidity problems caused by budget constraints that often lead to severe cutbacks in expenditures, consequently augmenting problems during a period of sustained crisis. This is the case in particular for those Member States which have been most affected by the current crisis and have received financial assistance under a programme from the European Financial Stabilisation Mechanism (EFSM), the European Financial Stability Facility (EFSF) or bilateral loans for the euro countries or from the Balance of Payments (BoP) mechanism for non-euro countries. To date, six countries — including Greece, which also received financial assistance before the establishment of EFSM via bilateral loans — have requested financial assistance under the various support mechanisms and have agreed with the Commission on a macro-economic adjustment programme. -
OCR GCE Government and Politics
Government and Politics GCE Government and Politics Delivery Guide The European Union www.ocr.org.uk Oxford Cambridge and RSA GCE Government and Politics Delivery Guide CONTENTS Introduction Page 3 Curriculum Content Page 4 Thinking Conceptually Page 5 Thinking Contextually Page 7 2 Introduction Delivery guides are designed to represent a body of knowledge about teaching a particular topic and contain: KEY • Content: A clear outline of the content covered by the Click to view associated resources delivery guide; within this document. • Thinking Conceptually: Expert guidance on the key concepts involved, common difficulties students may have, approaches to teaching that can help students Click to view external resources understand these concepts and how this topic links conceptually to other areas of the subject; • Thinking Contextually: A range of suggested teaching activities using a variety of themes so that different activities can be selected which best suit particular classes, learning styles or teaching approaches. If you have any feedback on this Delivery Guide or suggestions for other resources you would like OCR to develop, please email [email protected] 3 Curriculum Content The European Union Concepts: federalism; devolution; subsidiarity; sovereignty The EU Nature; origins; aims and objectives. The structure of the EU The Council; the Council of Ministers; the Commission; the European Parliament; the European Court of Justice; the decision-making process. How decisions are made Policy-making processes; role and power of major EU bodies and member states. The impact of membership of the EU on the British Impact on British government and politics; issues such as government, politics and constitution. -
Why European Union Member States Opt out of Integration
The Choice for Differentiated Europe: Why European Union Member States Opt out of Integration Thomas Winzen and Frank Schimmelfennig Center for Comparative and International Studies, ETH Zurich, Switzerland1 Paper prepared for the 14th biennial conference of the European Union Studies Association, 5-7 March 2015, Boston, MA. Abstract Since the early 1990s, European integration has become differentiated integration. Treaty revisions and enlargements have resulted in opt-outs for countries such as Britain or Denmark, and in policy areas such as monetary union. Analysing under what conditions member states make use of the opportunity to opt- out or exclude other countries from European integration, we argue that different explanations apply to treaty and accession negotiations respectively. Threatening to block deeper integration, member states with strong national identities secure differentiations in treaty reform, particularly regarding the integration of core state powers. In enlargement, in turn, old member states fear economic disadvantages and low administrative capacity and, therefore impose differentiation on poor newcomers. A logistic regression analysis of the use of differentiation opportunities by member and candidate countries from Maastricht in 1993 to the Croatian accession in 2013 lends empirical support to these arguments. Introduction2 Since the early 1990s, European integration has become differentiated integration. This period has been characterized by a far-reaching extension of the European Union’s policy scope beyond -
Police and Border Controls Cooperation at the EU Level: Dilemmas, Opportunities and Challenges of a Differentiated Approach by Guido Lessing*
EU60: RE-FOUNDING EUROPE THE RESPONSIBILITY POLICE TO PROPOSE AND BORDER CONTROLS COOPERATION AT THE EU LEVEL: DILEMMAS, OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES OF A DIFFERENTIATED APPROACH GUIDO LESSING 8 MARCH 2017 ISBN 978-88-9368-033-2 POLICE AND BORDER CONTROLS COOPERATION AT THE EU LEVEL: DILEMMAS, OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES OF A DIFFERENTIATED APPROACH by Guido Lessing* Abstract: The history of the European Union is a history of differentiated integration. Differentiation is a logical corollary of integration insofar as politicization and incentives for further integration differ among member states. Whereas the first opt-outs from Justice and Home Affairs were conceded in order to continue the ratification process of the Treaty creating the European Union, the question today is whether growing differentiation can save or will wreck the Union. In times of Brexit and surging euroscepticism and against the backdrop of the refugee crisis, the Union’s resilience to disintegration is at stake. The willingness of member states to make the next steps towards more integration in order to save the Schengen acquis will decide the future of the Union. Further differentiation in the area of freedom, security and justice threatens to reinforce the dividing line between the core and the periphery of Europe. Keywords: EU integration | Migration | Refugees | Frontex | UK | Denmark Introduction: A challenging state of affairs Pursuant to Article 3(2) of the Treaty on European Union (TEU), “The Union shall offer its citizens an area of freedom, security and justice without internal frontiers, in which the free movement of persons is ensured in conjunction with appropriate measures with respect to external border controls, asylum, * Guido Lessing is Research Assistant at the Robert Schuman Institute of the Luxembourg University.