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Vaszubandhu Abhidharma-Kósája: Ontológia És Kozmológia a Buddhista Atomizmus

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Vaszubandhu Abhidharma-Kósája: Ontológia És Kozmológia a Buddhista Atomizmus Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem Bölcsészettudományi Kar Doktori Disszertáció Szegedi Mónika Vaszubandhu Abhidharma-kósája: ontológia és kozmológia A buddhista atomizmus Filozófiatudományi Doktori Iskola, vezetője Boros Gábor DSc, egyetemi tanár Antik és középkori filozófia doktori program, vezetője Steiger Kornél CSc, professor emeritus A bizottság tagjai és tud. fokozatuk: Steiger Kornél, CSc (elnök) Péter Alexa PhD (titkár) Hidas Gergely PhD (külső tag) Tóth Erzsébet PhD (bíráló) Lautner Péter CSc (külső bíráló) Témavezető: Ruzsa Ferenc DSc, egyetemi tanár DOI: 10.15476/ELTE.2018.132 MTMT azonosító: 10054283 Budapest, 2018. ADATLAP a doktori értekezés nyilvánosságra hozatalához I. A doktori értekezés adatai A szerző neve: Szegedi Mónika MTMT-azonosító: 10054283 A doktori értekezés címe és alcíme: Vaszubandhu Abhidharma-kósája: ontológia és kozmológia. A buddhista atomizmus. DOI-azonosító: 10.15476/ELTE.2018.132 A doktori iskola neve: Filozófiatudományi Doktori Iskola A doktori iskolán belüli doktori program neve: Antik és középkori filozófia A témavezető neve és tudományos fokozata: Ruzsa Ferenc DSc (egyetemi tanár) A témavezető munkahelye: ELTE BTK Filozófia Intézet, Ókori és Középkori Filozófia Tanszék 1088 Budapest Múzeum krt. 6–8. II. Nyilatkozatok 1. A doktori értekezés szerzőjeként a) hozzájárulok, hogy a doktori fokozat megszerzését követően a doktori értekezésem és a tézisek nyilvánosságra kerüljenek az ELTE Digitális Intézményi Tudástárban. Felhatalmazom az ELTE BTK Doktori és Tudományszervezési Hivatal ügyintézőjét, Manhercz Mónikát, hogy az értekezést és a téziseket feltöltse az ELTE Digitális Intézményi Tudástárba, és ennek során kitöltse a feltöltéshez szükséges nyilatkozatokat. 2. A doktori értekezés szerzőjeként kijelentem, hogy a) az ELTE Digitális Intézményi Tudástárba feltöltendő doktori értekezés és a tézisek saját eredeti, önálló szellemi munkám és legjobb tudomásom szerint nem sértem vele senki szerzői jogait; b) a doktori értekezés és a tézisek nyomtatott változatai és az elektronikus adathordozón benyújtott tartalmak (szöveg és ábrák) mindenben megegyeznek. 3. A doktori értekezés szerzőjeként hozzájárulok a doktori értekezés és a tézisek szövegének Plágiumkereső adatbázisba helyezéséhez és plágiumellenőrző vizsgálatok lefuttatásához. Kelt: Budapest, 2018. 06. 27. a doktori értekezés szerzőjének aláírása Tartalomjegyzék Előszó .............................................................................................................................................. 9 I. Bevezető ..................................................................................................................................... 15 1. A disszertáció célja ................................................................................................................ 15 2. Források ................................................................................................................................. 17 3. Módszerek ............................................................................................................................. 17 Az atomizmus vizsgálatának szempontjai ............................................................................. 18 4. A dolgozat szerkezete ............................................................................................................ 21 5. Kutatástörténeti előzmények ................................................................................................. 22 Források, filológia ................................................................................................................. 22 Tudománytörténeti előzmények ............................................................................................ 26 Kőrösi Csoma Sándor (1784–1842) ...................................................................................... 28 A Csoma-életmű gondozói .................................................................................................... 35 A buddhista filozófia jeles kutatói ......................................................................................... 37 II. A buddhizmus alapkérdései ...................................................................................................... 53 III. Az abhidharma-irodalom és a skolasztikus irányzatok ........................................................... 57 Skolasztikus irányzatok az Abhidharma-kośāban ..................................................................... 58 Az Abhidarma-irodalom kialakulása ......................................................................................... 65 Sūtra, abhidharma .................................................................................................................. 67 Az Abhidharma-kośa előzményei .......................................................................................... 71 Az értelmezés módszerei a filozófiai kommentárokban ....................................................... 75 Az Abhidharma-kośa kánonikus forrásai .............................................................................. 76 IV. Vasubandhu élete..................................................................................................................... 79 V. Az Abhidharma-kośa ................................................................................................................ 85 1. A szöveg ................................................................................................................................ 85 2. Tartalma és szerkezete ........................................................................................................... 86 3. A legfontosabb fogalmak és kategóriák................................................................................. 89 I. Összetett és nem-összetett .................................................................................................. 90 II. Szennyezett és szennyezetlen ............................................................................................ 91 III. A négy nemes igazság szerint .......................................................................................... 92 IV. Az 5 halmaz (skandha) – az összetett jelenségek 72 kategóriája .................................. 92 V. a 12 érzékterület /érzék- vagy kognícióforrás (āyatana) ................................................... 94 VI. A 18 létkonstituáló elem/összetevő (dhātu, khams) ........................................................ 96 VIII. A 22 erő/képesség (indriya) .......................................................................................... 97 IX: Az öt alapkategória (pañca-vastu) szerint ....................................................................... 98 A 75 dharma osztályozása (a sarvāstivāda rendszerben) ..................................................... 101 Függésben keletkezés, feltételektől függő lét ...................................................................... 102 A négy főelem (mahābhūta) és a másodlagos anyagi formák (upādāya-rūpa) viszonya. .... 107 Az elemzés célja .................................................................................................................. 109 Idő, lét, realitás .................................................................................................................... 111 4. A dharma az Abhidharmában .............................................................................................. 114 5. Az abhidharma hatása ......................................................................................................... 118 VI. Kozmológia és anyagfogalom ............................................................................................... 127 A) Az abhidharma kozmológiája ............................................................................................ 127 1. Alapkérdések – alapelvek .................................................................................................... 127 2. Keletkezés ............................................................................................................................ 131 A világedény ........................................................................................................................ 132 A lények levese .................................................................................................................... 132 3. Pusztulás .............................................................................................................................. 137 4. Psziché és kozmosz – mi is az, ami elpusztul? .................................................................... 138 5. Etikai és gyakorlati relevancia ............................................................................................. 142 B) Az anyag ............................................................................................................................. 147 Az anyag természete ................................................................................................................ 149 6. A látens anyagi forma (avijñapti-rūpa) ............................................................................... 150 VII. Az atom ................................................................................................................................ 155 1. Az Abhidharma-kośa atomelmélete ................................................................................ 155 A kontextus .............................................................................................................................
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