DOCSLIB.ORG

ECDC/EFSA Joint Report: Avian Influenza Overview October

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
ECDC/EFSA Joint Report: Avian Influenza Overview October SCIENTIFIC REPORT APPROVED: 29 September 2017 doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.5018 Avian influenza overview October 2016–August 2017 European Food Safety Authority, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, European Union Reference Laboratory for Avian influenza, Ian Brown, Paolo Mulatti, Krzysztof Smietanka, Christoph Staubach, Preben Willeberg, Cornelia Adlhoch, Denise Candiani, Chiara Fabris, Gabriele Zancanaro, Joana Morgado and Frank Verdonck Abstract The A(H5N8) highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) epidemic occurred in 29 European countries in 2016/2017 and has been the largest ever recorded in the EU in terms of number of poultry outbreaks, geographical extent and number of dead wild birds. Multiple primary incursions temporally related with all major poultry sectors affected but secondary spread was most commonly associated with domestic waterfowl species. A massive effort of all the affected EU Member States (MSs) allowed a descriptive epidemiological overview of the cases in poultry, captive birds and wild birds, providing also information on measures applied at the individual MS level. Data on poultry population structure are required to facilitate data and risk factor analysis, hence to strengthen science-based advice to risk managers. It is suggested to promote common understanding and application of definitions related to control activities and their reporting across MSs. Despite a large number of human exposures to infected poultry occurred during the ongoing outbreaks, no transmission to humans has been identified. Monitoring the avian influenza (AI) situation in other continents indicated a potential risk of long-distance spread of HPAI virus (HPAIV) A(H5N6) from Asia to wintering grounds towards Western Europe, similarly to what happened with HPAIV A(H5N8) and HPAIV A(H5N1) in previous years. Furthermore, the HPAI situation in Africa with A(H5N8) and A(H5N1) is rapidly evolving. Strengthening collaborations at National, EU and Global levels would allow close monitoring of the AI situation, ultimately helping to increase preparedness. No human case was reported in the EU due to AIVs subtypes A(H5N1), A(H5N6), A(H7N9) and A(H9N2). Direct transmission of these viruses to humans has only been reported in areas, mainly in Asia and Egypt, with a substantial involvement of wild bird and/or poultry populations. It is suggested to improve the collection and reporting of exposure events of people to AI. © 2017 European Food Safety Authority, © European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, and © European Union Reference Laboratory for Avian influenza EFSA Journal published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd on behalf of European Food Safety Authority. Keywords: avian influenza, HPAI/LPAI, monitoring, poultry, captive birds, wild birds, humans Requestor: European Commission Question number: EFSA-Q-2017-00229 Correspondence: [email protected] www.efsa.europa.eu/efsajournal EFSA Journal 2017;15(10):5018 Avian influenza overview October 2016–August 2017 Competing interests: In line with EFSA’s policy on declarations of interest, the following working group (WG) experts: Ian Brown, Paolo Mulatti, Krzysztof Smietanka and Christoph Staubach, have declared that they have current involvement in risk assessment activities at national level related to avian influenza, which constitutes a conflict of interest (with the mandate of the EFSA WG in hand. The CoIs have been waived and the waivers were adopted in accordance with Article 16(5) of the Decision of the Executive Director on Declarations of Interest of 31 July 2017 EFSA/LRA/DEC/02/2014, available at http://www.efsa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/corporate_publications/files/independencerule s2014.pdf. Pursuant to Article 16(7) of the above mentioned Decision, the concerned experts were allowed to take part in the discussions and in the drafting phase of the EFSA Scientific report on Avian influenza monitoring (Art. 31) - overview October 2016 – August 2017, and have not been allowed to be, or act as, a chairman, a vice-chairman or rapporteur of the WG. Acknowledgements: In addition to the listed authors, EFSA, ECDC and the EURL wish to thank the following: the hearing expert Thijs Kuiken for his support provided to this scientific output; Kaja Kaasik Aaslav, Epidemic Intelligence team at ECDC and Pasi Penttinen, Head of the Disease Programme Influenza and other Respiratory Viruses for the support provided to this scientific output; Members States representatives that provided the data on AI outbreaks and/or animal population for this scientificoutput: Austria (Andrea Hoeflechner-Poeltl, Eveline Wodak), Belgium (Philippe Houdart, Katie Vermeersch), Bulgaria (Aleksandra Miteva, Anna Zdravkova), Croatia (Zlatko Krovina, Tihana Miskic) Cyprus (Giorgos Krasias), the Czech Republic (Marie Vagnerov a), Denmark (Thorkild Bastholm, Torben Grubbe), Estonia (Kart€ Jaarma, Helen Prommik), Finland (Tiia Tuupanen), France (Lo€ıc Evain, Isabelle Guerry, Alexandra Troyano-Groux), Germany (Franz Conraths, Andrea Coßmann), Greece (Sokratis Perdikaris), Hungary (Zsofia Szepesine Kok any, Zsolt Terjek, Gabor Wyszoczky), Ireland (Stephanie Ronan, Eoin Ryan), Italy (Anna Sorgente), Latvia (Rudıte Varna), Lithuania (Paulius Busauskas), Luxembourg (Roger Gindt), Malta (Joseph Caruana), the Netherlands (Nina Berendsen, Dennis Bol, Geert Eleveld, Marcel Spierenburg), Poland (Edyta Swieton), Portugal (Yolanda Vaz), Romania (Ioana Neghirla, Alexandru Supeanu, Claudiu Stroe), Slovakia (Vilem Kopriva, Barbora Pavlikova), Slovenia (Aleksandra Hari), Spain (Ana Fernandez Martın, Ines Moreno), Sweden (Annica Wallen Norell), the United Kingdom (Adam Brouwer, Helen Roberts); Members States representatives that wrote the case reports on the AI secondary outbreaks and on the AI applied prevention and control measures, as reported in the Annex: Austria (Andrea Hoeflechner-Poeltl, Eveline Wodak), Belgium (Philippe Houdart, Ben edicte Lambrecht, Marjorie Piret, Mieke Steensels), Bulgaria (Aleksandra Miteva, Anna Zdravkova), the Czech Republic (Milada Dubska, Petr Satran, Marie Vagnerov a), Denmark (Pernille Dahl Nielsen, Stig Mellergaard), France (Mohamed Boukottaya, Anne Bronner, Alexandre Fediaevsky, Claire Guinat, Adeline Huneau-Salaun,€ Mathilde Paul), Greece (Sokratis Perdikaris), Hungary (Zsofia SzepesineK ok any, Gerda Pallai, Anna Luca Vecsei, Gabor Wyszoczky), Ireland (Eoin Ryan), Italy (Tiziano Dorotea, Lebana Bonfanti, Stefano Marangon, Paolo Mulatti), the Netherlands (Marcel Spierenburg), Romania (Nicolae Dragan, Ioana Neghirla, Alexandru Supeanu, Claudiu Stroe), the United Kingdom (Adam Brouwer, Ian Brown, Helen Roberts); Dominique Bicout and Arjan Stegeman for reviewing the document. Suggested citation: European Food Safety Authority, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, European Union Reference Laboratory for Avian influenza, Brown I, Mulatti P, Smietanka K, Staubach C, Willeberg P, Adlhoch C, Candiani D, Fabris C, Zancanaro G, Morgado J and Verdonck F, 2017. Scientific report on the avian influenza overview October 2016–August 2017. EFSA Journal 2017;15(10):5018, 101 pp. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2017.5018 ISSN: 1831-4732 © 2017 European Food Safety Authority, © European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, and © European Union Reference Laboratory for Avian influenza EFSA Journal published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd on behalf of European Food Safety Authority. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and no modifications or adaptations are made. Figures from 1 to 16 © EURL; Figures 17, 19, 20, 22, 23 © Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI); Figures 18, 21, 26, 27, 28 © ECDC; Figures from C1 to C6 © EFSA The EFSA Journal is a publication of the European Food Safety Authority, an agency of the European Union. www.efsa.europa.eu/efsajournal 2 EFSA Journal 2017;15(10):5018 Avian influenza overview October 2016–August 2017 Table of contents Abstract................................................................................................................................................. 1 1. Introduction............................................................................................................................... 5 1.1. Background and Terms of Reference as provided by the requestor................................................. 5 1.2. Interpretation of the Terms of Reference...................................................................................... 6 2. Data.......................................................................................................................................... 6 2.1. Data on animals ......................................................................................................................... 6 2.1.1. Epidemiological data................................................................................................................... 6 2.1.2. AI prevention and control measures ............................................................................................ 7 2.2. Data on humans ........................................................................................................................ 7 3. Results ...................................................................................................................................... 8 3.1. Overview of HPAI and LPAI outbreaks in Europe between October 2016 and August 2017 (TOR 1 and TOR 2)...............................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Swiss Cooperation Strategy Egypt 2017–2020 Abbreviations
    Swiss Cooperation Strategy Egypt 2017–2020 Abbreviations AFD Agence Française de Développement KfW Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau AfDB African Development Bank MERV Monitoring system for development- ARIs Aggregated Report Indicators to report relevant changes on the Federal Dispatch 2017-2020 for MoIC Ministry of International Cooperation International Cooperation MoSS Ministry of Social Solidarity CBM Confidence-building measure MSMEs Micro, small and medium enterprises CS Cooperation Strategy NGOs Non-governmental organisations CSOs Civil society organisations ODA Official Development Assistance CSPM Conflict-sensitive programme OECD Organisation for Economic Cooperation management and Development DIL Directorate for International Law OIC Office for International Cooperation / DPG Development Partners Group Embassy of Switzerland in Egypt EBRD European Bank for Reconstruction and DP Directorate of Political Affairs Development SDC Swiss Agency for Development and EIB European Investment Bank Cooperation EU European Union SDGs Sustainable Development Goals EUTF EU Emergency Trust Fund for stability SDS Sustainable Development Strategy and addressing root causes of irregular SECO State Secretariat for Economic Affairs migration and displaced persons in Africa SEM State Secretariat for Migration FDFA Swiss Federal Department of Foreign SNAP Swiss North Africa Programme 2011-2016 Affairs TVET Technical Vocational Education and GoE Government of Egypt Training HSD Human Security Division UMC Unaccompanied minors and children IFC International
    [Show full text]
  • Dense Sampling of Bird Diversity Increases Power of Comparative Genomics
    Article Dense sampling of bird diversity increases power of comparative genomics https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2873-9 A list of authors and affiliations appears at the end of the paper. Received: 9 August 2019 Whole-genome sequencing projects are increasingly populating the tree of life and Accepted: 27 July 2020 characterizing biodiversity1–4. Sparse taxon sampling has previously been proposed Published online: 11 November 2020 to confound phylogenetic inference5, and captures only a fraction of the genomic Open access diversity. Here we report a substantial step towards the dense representation of avian phylogenetic and molecular diversity, by analysing 363 genomes from 92.4% of bird Check for updates families—including 267 newly sequenced genomes produced for phase II of the Bird 10,000 Genomes (B10K) Project. We use this comparative genome dataset in combination with a pipeline that leverages a reference-free whole-genome alignment to identify orthologous regions in greater numbers than has previously been possible and to recognize genomic novelties in particular bird lineages. The densely sampled alignment provides a single-base-pair map of selection, has more than doubled the fraction of bases that are confdently predicted to be under conservation and reveals extensive patterns of weak selection in predominantly non-coding DNA. Our results demonstrate that increasing the diversity of genomes used in comparative studies can reveal more shared and lineage-specifc variation, and improve the investigation of genomic characteristics. We anticipate that this genomic resource will ofer new perspectives on evolutionary processes in cross-species comparative analyses and assist in eforts to conserve species.
    [Show full text]
  • Prezentace Aplikace Powerpoint
    PTÁCI 1.část Systém ptáků Systém ptáků -zatím stále velmi nestabilní Passerimorphae - Psittaciformes, Passeriformes Falconiformes - Coliiformes, Trogoniformes, Coraciimorphae Bucerotiformes, Strigiformes Piciformes, Coraciiformes Accipitrimorphae - Accipitriformes - Pelecaniformes Suliformes Pelecanimorphae Ciconiiformes Procellariimorphae - Sphenisciformes, Procellariiformes Gaviimorphae - Gaviiformes Phaethontimorphae Cursorimorphae - Gruiformes, Charadriiformes Passerea Opisthocomiformes - Caprimulgiformes, Neoaves Caprimulgimorphae Apodiformes - Cuculiformes, Musophagifomes, Otidimorphae Otidiformes Columbimorphae - Columbiformes, Pterocliformes, Columbea Mesitornithiformes Phoenicopterimorphae - Podicipediformes, Phoenicopteriformes PTÁCI • opeření, přední končetiny- křídla, kostrční žláza • pneumatizace kostí, heterocélní obratle • bipední pohyb (palec dozadu, ostatní prsty dopředu) • srůsty kostí, srůsty na lebce, zobák (ramfotéka) • srůst klíčních kostí (furcula) • zvětšení koncového mozku, zdokonalení oka a ucha • malé plíce se vzdušnými vaky, endotermie • vejce s vápenitou skořápkou, péče o mláďata Avifauna ČR • dnes známo asi 10 000 druhů (druhá nejpočetnější „třída“) • u nás 403 druhů ptáků (k 12.12.2018) • u nás asi 200 hnízdících druhů • Česká společnost ornitologická (www.birdlife.cz) Létaví - Neognathae Řád: HRABAVÍ (Galliformes) - zavalití ptáci, pozemní (ale spí na větvích) - noha anizodaktylní (kráčivá), silná – hrabavá, silné tupé drápy, často ostruha - krátký zobák, na hlavě časté kožené výrůstky - pohlaví často odlišně
    [Show full text]
  • Comparison of New Implantation of Cardiac Implantable Electronic
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Comparison of new implantation of cardiac implantable electronic device between tertiary and non‑tertiary hospitals: a Korean nationwide study Seungbong Han1, Gyung‑Min Park2, Yong‑Giun Kim2*, Ki Won Hwang3, Chang Hee Kwon4, Jae‑Hyung Roh5, Sangwoo Park2, Ki‑Bum Won2, Soe Hee Ann2, Shin‑Jae Kim2 & Sang‑Gon Lee2 This study compared the characteristics and mortality of new implantation of cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) between tertiary and non‑tertiary hospitals. From national health insurance claims data in Korea, 17,655 patients, who underwent frst and new implantation of CIED between 2013 and 2017, were enrolled. Patients were categorized into the tertiary hospital group (n = 11,560) and non‑tertiary hospital group (n = 6095). Clinical outcomes including in‑hospital death and all‑cause death were compared between the two groups using propensity‑score matched analysis. Patients in non‑tertiary hospitals were older and had more comorbidities than those in tertiary hospitals. The study population had a mean follow‑up of 2.1 ± 1.2 years. In the propensity‑score matched permanent pacemaker group (n = 5076 pairs), the incidence of in‑hospital death (odds ratio [OR]: 0.76, 95% confdence interval [CI]: 0.43–1.32, p = 0.33) and all‑cause death (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.92, 95% CI 0.81–1.05, p = 0.24) were not signifcantly diferent between tertiary and non‑tertiary hospitals. These fndings were consistently observed in the propensity‑score matched implantable cardioverter‑ defbrillator group (n = 992 pairs, OR for in‑hospital death: 1.76, 95% CI 0.51–6.02, p = 0.37; HR for all‑cause death: 0.95, 95% CI 0.72–1.24, p = 0.70).
    [Show full text]
  • DIGNITY DEBASED Forced Anal Examinations in Homosexuality Prosecutions WATCH
    HUMAN RIGHTS DIGNITY DEBASED Forced Anal Examinations in Homosexuality Prosecutions WATCH Dignity Debased Forced Anal Examinations in Homosexuality Prosecutions Copyright © 2016 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 978-1-6231-33719 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch defends the rights of people worldwide. We scrupulously investigate abuses, expose the facts widely, and pressure those with power to respect rights and secure justice. Human Rights Watch is an independent, international organization that works as part of a vibrant movement to uphold human dignity and advance the cause of human rights for all. Human Rights Watch is an international organization with staff in more than 40 countries, and offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Goma, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, New York, Paris, San Francisco, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Tunis, Washington DC, and Zurich. For more information, please visit our website: http://www.hrw.org JULY 2016 ISBN: 978-1-6231-33719 Dignity Debased Forced Anal Examinations in Homosexuality Prosecutions Map .................................................................................................................................... I Summary ........................................................................................................................... 1 Key Recommendations ....................................................................................................... 6 Methodology
    [Show full text]
  • AOU Classification Committee – North and Middle America
    AOU Classification Committee – North and Middle America Proposal Set 2016-C No. Page Title 01 02 Change the English name of Alauda arvensis to Eurasian Skylark 02 06 Recognize Lilian’s Meadowlark Sturnella lilianae as a separate species from S. magna 03 20 Change the English name of Euplectes franciscanus to Northern Red Bishop 04 25 Transfer Sandhill Crane Grus canadensis to Antigone 05 29 Add Rufous-necked Wood-Rail Aramides axillaris to the U.S. list 06 31 Revise our higher-level linear sequence as follows: (a) Move Strigiformes to precede Trogoniformes; (b) Move Accipitriformes to precede Strigiformes; (c) Move Gaviiformes to precede Procellariiformes; (d) Move Eurypygiformes and Phaethontiformes to precede Gaviiformes; (e) Reverse the linear sequence of Podicipediformes and Phoenicopteriformes; (f) Move Pterocliformes and Columbiformes to follow Podicipediformes; (g) Move Cuculiformes, Caprimulgiformes, and Apodiformes to follow Columbiformes; and (h) Move Charadriiformes and Gruiformes to precede Eurypygiformes 07 45 Transfer Neocrex to Mustelirallus 08 48 (a) Split Ardenna from Puffinus, and (b) Revise the linear sequence of species of Ardenna 09 51 Separate Cathartiformes from Accipitriformes 10 58 Recognize Colibri cyanotus as a separate species from C. thalassinus 11 61 Change the English name “Brush-Finch” to “Brushfinch” 12 62 Change the English name of Ramphastos ambiguus 13 63 Split Plain Wren Cantorchilus modestus into three species 14 71 Recognize the genus Cercomacroides (Thamnophilidae) 15 74 Split Oceanodroma cheimomnestes and O. socorroensis from Leach’s Storm- Petrel O. leucorhoa 2016-C-1 N&MA Classification Committee p. 453 Change the English name of Alauda arvensis to Eurasian Skylark There are a dizzying number of larks (Alaudidae) worldwide and a first-time visitor to Africa or Mongolia might confront 10 or more species across several genera.
    [Show full text]
  • UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME MEDITERRANEAN ACTION PLAN 10 May 2019 Original: English
    UNITED NATIONS UNEP/MED WG.469/5 UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME MEDITERRANEAN ACTION PLAN 10 May 2019 Original: English 18th Meeting of the Mediterranean Commission on Sustainable Development (MCSD) Budva, Montenegro, 11-13 June 2019 Agenda item 6: Preparation of MAP Assessment Studies on the Interactions between Environment and Development Draft Executive Summary of the 2019 State of the Environment and Development in the Mediterranean Report (SoED 2019) Note by the Secretariat In 2018-2019, the MAP assessment work related to sustainable development was driven by Strategic Outcome 1.4 and Indicative Key Output 1.4.1 of the MAP Medium-Term Strategy (MTS) 2016-2021 (Decision IG.22/1) towards publication of assessment studies addressing interactions between environment and development in the Mediterranean. As reflected in Decisions IG.23/4 and IG.23/14, MTS Strategic Outcome 1.4 and Indicative Key Output 1.4.1 were translated in the preparation of the 2019 State of the Environment and Development in the Mediterranean Report (SoED 2019) and MED2050 Foresight Study, including Case Studies on the Blue Economy in the Mediterranean. Progress and key achievements in relation with these activities are presented in document UNEP/MED WG.469/3. The present document corresponds to the SoED 2019 Executive Summary. Based on the draft SoED 2019 Chapter 9 “Synthesis and Conclusions” (work in progress, Annex I), key messages are proposed for discussion at the end of the document. The draft SoED 2019 Executive Summary and Chapter 9 will be reviewed by the Meeting of Plan Bleu Focal Points to be held in Marseille, France, on 27-29 May 2019; comments from Plan Bleu Focal Points will then be shared with the MCSD during the session.
    [Show full text]
  • Extended Deterrence and Strategic Stability in East Asia: AY19 Strategic Deterrence Research Papers (Vol I)
    ExtendedFuture Warfare Deterrence Series No. and 10203040 DefendingAvoidingStrategicTheThe “WorriedAnthrax thePanic Stability American Vaccine Well”and in Keeping ResponseEast Debate: Homeland Asia: the A MedicalPortsAY19 Opento StrategicReview CBRN1993-2003 in a Events:forChemical Deterrence Commanders and BiologicalResearchAnalysis Threat andPapers Solu�onsEnvironment (Vol I) A Literature Review TanjaLieutenantRandallMajor M. Korpi J.Richard ColonelLarsen andEdited A.Christopherand Fred Hersack,by: Patrick P. Stone, USAF D.Hemmer EllisUSAF Dr. Paige P. Cone Dr. James Platte Dr. R. Lewis Steinhoff United States Air Force Center for Strategic Deterrence Studies 30204010 Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama Extended Deterrence and Strategic Stability in East Asia: AY19 Strategic Deterrence Research Papers (Vol I) Edited by Dr. Paige P. Cone Dr. James E. Platte Dr. R. Lewis Steinhoff USAF Center for Strategic Deterrence Studies 125 Chennault Circle Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama 36112 August 2019 Table of Contents Chapter Page Disclaimer ..………………………………………………..….……….….……...ii Preface ..…………………………………………………….………..….….…... iii Chapter 1. Introduction ……………………………………………….….………1 Chapter 2. Assuring the Republic of Korea through Nuclear Sharing: A Blueprint for an Asian Ally Col. Jordan E. Murphy, U.S. Air Force………………………..…………….……5 Chapter 3. Missile Defense in South Korea Lt. Col. Elizabeth T. Benedict, U.S. Air Force…………………...……………….…23 Chapter 4. United States Air Force Posture: Impacts to Japanese Assurance in the Indo-PACOM AOR Maj. Jonathan P.
    [Show full text]
  • Data Types and the Phylogeny of Neoaves
    Article Data Types and the Phylogeny of Neoaves Edward L. Braun * and Rebecca T. Kimball * Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA * Correspondence: ebraun68@ufl.edu (E.L.B.); rkimball@ufl.edu (R.T.K.) Simple Summary: Some of the earliest studies using molecular data to resolve evolutionary history separated birds into three main groups: Paleognathae (ostriches and allies), Galloanseres (ducks and chickens), and Neoaves (the remaining ~95% of avian species). The early evolution of Neoaves, however, has remained challenging to understand, even as data from whole genomes have become available. We have recently proposed that some of the conflicts among recent studies may be due to the type of genomic data that is analyzed (regions that code for proteins versus regions that do not). However, a rigorous examination of this hypothesis using coding and non-coding data from the same genomic regions sequenced from a relatively large number of species has not yet been conducted. Here we perform such an analysis and show that data type does influence the methods used to infer evolutionary relationships from molecular sequences. We also show that conducting analyses using models of sequence evolution that were chosen to minimize reconstruction errors result in coding and non-coding trees that are much more similar, and we add to the evidence that non-coding data provide better information regarding neoavian relationships. While a few relationships remain problematic, we are approaching a good understanding of the evolutionary history for major avian groups. Abstract: The phylogeny of Neoaves, the largest clade of extant birds, has remained unclear despite intense study.
    [Show full text]
  • Ongoing Initiatives to Tackle Illegal Killing of Birds
    Strasbourg, 14 March 2016 T-PVS/Inf (2016) 6 [Inf06e_2016.docx] CONVENTION ON THE CONSERVATION OF EUROPEAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL HABITATS Standing Committee 36th meeting Strasbourg, 15-18 November 2016 __________ 3rd MEETING OF THE SPECIAL FOCAL POINTS ON ILLEGAL KILLING, TRAPPING AND TRADE OF WILD BIRDS Tirana, Albania, 14-15 April 2016 - ONGOING INITIATIVES TO TACKLE ILLEGAL KILLING OF BIRDS- Document prepared by BirdLife International This document will not be distributed at the meeting. Please bring this copy. Ce document ne sera plus distribué en réunion. Prière de vous munir de cet exemplaire. T-PVS/Inf (2016) 6 - 2 - BRIEFING ON ONGOING INITIATIVES TO TACKLE ILLEGAL KILLING OF BIRDS Since the 2011 Larnaca conference on Illegal killing, trapping and trade of birds (IKB), there has been an increasing number of international initiatives to fight illegal killing, taking and trade of wild birds. This is a condensed overview of ongoing regional initiatives in which BirdLife Europe is involved and some further additions on other initiatives in more than one country. Please contact [email protected] for comments and additions, thanks in advance! Recent additions since previous version 1: new version EC roadmap, 2: new contacts Tunis AP; 5: ENEC weblink poisoning plan; 6: review ikb Med: article published; 9: tackling trapping in Italy, Cyprus and Malta; 13: 2016 IMPEL actions; 14: COTF Greece; 17: contacts Med TF CMS; 18 A Europol – IPEC report; 18 D: EnviCrimeNet EC Roadmap towards eliminating illegal killing, trapping and trade of birds The European Commission identified actions to be taken at EU, Member State, agency or NGO level with a view to increase effectiveness in measures aimed at eliminating illegal killing, trapping, and trade of birds in the EU.
    [Show full text]
  • The Emergence and Decennary Distribution of Clade 2.3.4.4 HPAI H5nx
    microorganisms Review The Emergence and Decennary Distribution of Clade 2.3.4.4 HPAI H5Nx Khristine Joy C. Antigua, Won-Suk Choi, Yun Hee Baek and Min-Suk Song * College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Korea; [email protected] (K.J.C.A.); [email protected] (W.-S.C.); [email protected] (Y.H.B.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 8 May 2019; Accepted: 28 May 2019; Published: 29 May 2019 Abstract: Reassortment events among influenza viruses occur naturally and may lead to the development of new and different subtypes which often ignite the possibility of an influenza outbreak. Between 2008 and 2010, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5 of the N1 subtype from the A/goose/Guangdong/1/96-like (Gs/GD) lineage generated novel reassortants by introducing other neuraminidase (NA) subtypes reported to cause most outbreaks in poultry. With the extensive divergence of the H5 hemagglutinin (HA) sequences of documented viruses, the WHO/FAO/OIE H5 Evolutionary Working Group clustered these viruses into a systematic and unified nomenclature of clade 2.3.4.4 currently known as “H5Nx” viruses. The rapid emergence and circulation of these viruses, namely, H5N2, H5N3, H5N5, H5N6, H5N8, and the regenerated H5N1, are of great concern based on their pandemic potential. Knowing the evolution and emergence of these novel reassortants helps to better understand their complex nature. The eruption of reports of each H5Nx reassortant through time demonstrates that it could persist beyond its usual seasonal activity, intensifying the possibility of these emerging viruses’ pandemic potential.
    [Show full text]
  • Whole-Genome Analyses Resolve Early Branches in the Tree of Life of Modern Birds Erich D
    AFLOCKOFGENOMES 90. J. F. Storz, J. C. Opazo, F. G. Hoffmann, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. RESEARCH ARTICLE 66, 469–478 (2013). 91. F. G. Hoffmann, J. F. Storz, T. A. Gorr, J. C. Opazo, Mol. Biol. Evol. 27, 1126–1138 (2010). Whole-genome analyses resolve ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Genome assemblies and annotations of avian genomes in this study are available on the avian phylogenomics website early branches in the tree of life (http://phybirds.genomics.org.cn), GigaDB (http://dx.doi.org/ 10.5524/101000), National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), and ENSEMBL (NCBI and Ensembl accession numbers of modern birds are provided in table S2). The majority of this study was supported by an internal funding from BGI. In addition, G.Z. was 1 2 3 4,5,6 7 supported by a Marie Curie International Incoming Fellowship Erich D. Jarvis, *† Siavash Mirarab, * Andre J. Aberer, Bo Li, Peter Houde, grant (300837); M.T.P.G. was supported by a Danish National Cai Li,4,6 Simon Y. W. Ho,8 Brant C. Faircloth,9,10 Benoit Nabholz,11 Research Foundation grant (DNRF94) and a Lundbeck Foundation Jason T. Howard,1 Alexander Suh,12 Claudia C. Weber,12 Rute R. da Fonseca,6 grant (R52-A5062); C.L. and Q.L. were partially supported by a 4 4 4 4 7,13 14 Danish Council for Independent Research Grant (10-081390); Jianwen Li, Fang Zhang, Hui Li, Long Zhou, Nitish Narula, Liang Liu, and E.D.J. was supported by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute Ganesh Ganapathy,1 Bastien Boussau,15 Md.
    [Show full text]