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Measurement of Associated Z+Charm Production and Search for W' Bosons in the CMS Experimented at the LHC

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Measurement of Associated Z+Charm Production and Search for W' Bosons in the CMS Experimented at the LHC UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS FÍSICAS Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear TESIS DOCTORAL Measurement of associated Z+charm production and search for W' bosons in the CMS experimented at the LHC Medida de la producción asociada de Z+charm y búsqueda de bosones W' en el experimento CMS del LHC MEMORIA PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE DOCTOR PRESENTADA POR Alberto Escalante del Valle Director Juan Alcaraz Maestre Madrid, 2017 ©Alberto Escalante del Valle, 2017 CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIONES ENERGETICAS´ MEDIOAMBIENTALES Y TECNOLOGICAS´ Measurement of associated Z+charm production and Search for W0 bosons in the CMS experiment at the LHC by Alberto Escalante del Valle A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Universidad Complutense de Madrid Facultad de Ciencias F´ısicas Departamento de F´ısicaAt´omica,Molecular y Nuclear Supervised by: Dr. Juan Alcaraz Maestre Dr. Juan Pablo Fern´andezRamos Madrid February 2017 CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIONES ENERGETICAS´ MEDIOAMBIENTALES Y TECNOLOGICAS´ Medida de la producci´onasociada de Z+charm y B´usquedade bosones W0 en el experimento CMS del LHC por Alberto Escalante del Valle Memoria de la tesis presentada para optar al grado de Doctor en Filosof´ıa en la Universidad Complutense de Madrid Facultad de Ciencias F´ısicas Departamento de F´ısicaAt´omica,Molecular y Nuclear Supervisado por: Dr. Juan Alcaraz Maestre Dr. Juan Pablo Fern´andezRamos Madrid Febrero 2017 Abstract Measurement of associated Z+charm production and Search for W0 bosons in the CMS experiment at the LHC by Alberto Escalante del Valle Do we understand how elementary particles interact with each other? Are we able to predict the result of the collisions of these elementary particles at the LHC? The objective of this thesis is to investigate the validity of our current theoretical model, the Standard Model of particle physics, to explain the production of two low rate processes in proton-proton collisions at the LHC. The first half of the thesis studies the potential production of new types of interactions, mediated by new W0 bosons, present in many extensions of the Standard Model. This is the first search of this kind at a centre of mass energy of 13 TeV in CMS and uses a dataset of 2.3 fb−1 to search for an excess in the production of events with a muon and large missing transverse energy. As a result of this study, the analysed data is found to be in agreement with predictions of the Standard Model and disfavours the production of new W0 ! µν processes. This analysis alone is not able to exclude the production of all kind of W0 interactions. However, it puts strong constrains to its potential cross 0 −1 0 section and decay to a muon and a neutrino, σW0 B(W ! µν) < 3 fb for W masses larger than 2 TeV. In the context of the Sequential Standard Model model, this result 0 excludes WSSM bosons with masses smaller than 3.9 TeV. The second part of the manuscript presents the first measurement in CMS of the associ- ated production of Z bosons with charm quarks, Z + c, using 19.7 fb−1 of data collected at 8 TeV. This is a rare process in the Standard Model and its cross section in the studied fiducial region is measured to be σfid(Z + c) = 8:6 ± 0:5 (stat) ± 0:7 (syst) pb. Additionally its relative production to that of bottom quarks, Z + b, is measured to be σ(Z + c)/σ(Z + b) = 2:0 ± 0:2 (stat) ± 0:2 (syst). Both measurements are also deter- mined differentially as a function of transverse momentum of the Z boson and of the heavy flavour jet. Finally these measurements are compared with different theoretical predictions. Acknowledgements ¿Cu´anto tiempo se tarda en escribir una tesis doctoral? En mi caso ∼3650 d´ıas. Este documento cierra mi etapa de formaci´oncomo f´ısicoque empec´ehace aproximadamente 10 a~noscuando me matricul´een Ciencias F´ısicasen la UCM con 18 a~nos. Y claro, tantos a~nosdan para muchas experiencias y para estar en deuda con mucha gente. En primer lugar me gustar´ıadar las gracias a todas aquellas personas que me dieron una oportunidad sin conocerme de nada, a todas aquellas personas que tuvieron abierta la puerta de su despacho para escucharme y me regalaron un minuto de su tiempo, y sobre todo a aquellas personas que fueron capaces de motivarme y sacar lo mejor de m´ı mismo. Todos ell@s saben quienes son, y por ello se merecen estar en el primer p´arrafo. Si hoy estoy aqu´ıescribiendo estas l´ıneases gracias a todos vosotros. Muchas gracias. Me gustar´ıaagradecer a Juan Pablo su infatigable apoyo siempre que se lo he pedido. Por poner un ejemplo, poca gente sabe que Juan Pablo se sent´odurante casi 6 meses 8 horas diarias a mi lado y me ense~n´oa ser un f´ısicode part´ıculasen tiempo r´ecord. Durante este tiempo fue capaz de motivarme, sacar lo mejor de mi mismo y dotarme de iniciativa para no tener miedo a proponer cosas nuevas. Gracias por ense~narme a volar. Juan Pablo y yo tenemos algo en com´un,somos muy impulsivos y muchas veces necesi- tamos alguien que nos guie y nos ayude a a centrarnos cuando nos aceleramos. Por ello, he tenido una suerte incre´ıble de poder trabajar con Isabel Josa Mutuberr´ıa. Isabel, al margen de ser una excelente investigadora, ha tenido la paciencia de escucharme, hacerme siempre las preguntas correctas y de esta forma organizar los conceptos en mi mente. Al mismo tiempo, Isabel ha demostrado una fuerza mental sobrenatural para poder sacar adelante Z+c cuando m´ascomplicado parec´ıa.Muchas gracias por todo. Muchas veces en una empresa se dice que si alguien se va, la empresa colapsa. Esto es cierto y en W' esa persona es Bego~nade la Cruz. Bego~nafue capaz de coordinar W' en tiempos de mucha presi´ony carga de trabajo. Al mismo tiempo Bego~name ense~n´oa ser ambicioso y me anim´oa estudiar la resoluci´ony la escala de los muones de alto pT . Finalmente Bego~nase asegur´oque W' y yo tuvi´esemosun peso y una visibilidad mayor de la que nos corresponder´ıapor el tama~nodel grupo. No todos los h´eroes llevan capa. Una tesis es una marat´ony hay veces que el mayor enemigo es uno mismo. Oscar´ Gonz´alezL´opez, al margen de ser el f´ısicom´aspol´emicoque conozco, me ha demostrado ser un apoyo continuo tanto personal como profesional cuando m´aslo necesitaba. Al mismo tiempo darle unas gracias enormes por haberse le´ıdola tesis. Para los futuros estudiantes de doctorado del CIEMAT, no dejen de hablar y aprender con Oscar´ ("el t´ıodel CERN"), no se arrepentir´an. ii Acknowledgements iii Finalmente voy a cerrar este primer grupo de agradecimientos con una persona con la cual da verdadero placer hablar de f´ısica,Juan Alcaraz. Lo que m´asme gusta de Juan es su versatilidad para explicar un concepto y recalcar su importancia en un an´alisis concreto. Muchas de sus explicaciones me han hecho abrir los ojos y han dado lugar a nuevas ideas. Me gustar´ıaagradecerle el apoyo que me di´oen cada proyecto que empec´e, por dejarme equivocarme para aprender de ello y sobre todo dejarme ser investigador durante estos ´ultimoscuatro a~nos.Gracias. En un segundo lugar me gustar´ıaagradecer a los CMSeros que me han acompa~nadoen este viaje: Cruz, Mara, Jes´us,Chema, Pablo, Cristina, Ignacio, Silvia, Nica, Marcos, Conchita y Marta. Gracias. In this part I would like to thank to the people at CERN that helped me during this thesis, namely: Ivan, Slava, Daniele, Petra, Caroline, Kostas, Simon, Carlo, Mar´ıa,Mauro, Luca, Shahram, Roberto, Alice... and especially to the Z0 ! µµ and W0 ! eν analysis teams. El primer p´arrafova dedicado a todos vosotros. El siguiente p´arrafo va dedicado a mis compa~nerosde despacho/aventuras en el CIEMAT. Eduino un gustazo haber debatido largo y tendido de f´ısicacontigo. Me llevo un amigo. Marisma, te dejo como mam´ade CMS, cuida de los nuevos y demuestra lo que vales (<much´ısimo!). Javismo, simplemente: crack. Daniel D., un gustazo conversar contigo y compartir experiencias. Mariano, casi tan buen portero como b´etico.Gran Manu, tu grandeza esta al nivel de tu altura (<taponazo incluido!). Manuelinho, (hostias al teclado=ON) gran persona y mejor cantante (hostias al teclado=OFF). Diana, por tu culpa perd´ıun cal- cet´ın,no te lo perdonar´ejam´as.Miguel Angel´ y Adri´anQ., os mando todas las fuerzas que me sobran, ¡´animopara la recta final de la tesis!. Irene, juventud y energ´ıa,<lo tienes todo para triunfar!. A los m´asveteranos, Bruno, Rafa, Jos´e,Jorge y Don Nacho, un placer haber compartido batallitas con ustedes. B´arbara,mi "salvadora" en Benasque y a la par un tesoro de persona. Juanjo y Jaime, maestros de la inform´atica.Don Antonio, ahora en versi´ondoctor y padrazo, enhorabuena. Finalmente Carlos, todo que intentas le pones un empe~noenvidiable: investigaci´on,deporte, debatir, salir de fiesta... Seguir´e tu ejemplo en el futuro. <Gracias a todos por acompa~narmeen esta aventura! >Qu´ehay que hacer para completar una tesis doctoral sin volverse loco? En mi caso he recargado las pilas gracias a mis compa~nerosde equipo. Quiero aprovechar este ´ultimop´arrafopara agradecer a todas las personas con las que he compartido vestuario durante todos estos a~nos: ESA Trainees*, Cross F´ısicas UED*, F´ısicas (Sala, Siete, Once y Rugby), Gran Potra, Ol´ımpicosFC, Melvilles*, Hors Categorie, Solteros FC**, Saint-Genis-Ferney-Crozet, La Ca~nada FC, Sons of Pitches*, CERN XV**..
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