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C a Se Stud Y
This project is funded by the European Union November 2020 Culture in ruins The illegal trade in cultural property Case study: Algeria and Tunisia Julia Stanyard and Rim Dhaouadi Summary This case study forms part of a set of publications on the illegal trade in cultural property across North and West Africa, made up of a research paper and three case studies (on Mali, Nigeria and North Africa). This study is focused on Algeria and Tunisia, which share the same forms of material culture but very different antiquity markets. Attention is given to the development of online markets which have been identified as a key threat to this region’s heritage. Key findings • The large-scale extraction of cultural objects in both countries has its roots in the period of French colonial rule. • During the civil war in Algeria in the 1990s, trafficking in cultural heritage was allegedly linked to insurgent anti-government groups among others. • In Tunisia, the presidential family and the political elite reportedly dominated the country’s trade in archaeological objects and controlled the illegal markets. • The modern-day trade in North African cultural property is an interlinked regional criminal economy in which objects are smuggled between Tunisia and Algeria as well as internationally. • State officials and representatives of cultural institutions are implicated in the Algerian and Tunisian antiquities markets in a range of different capacities, both as passive facilitators and active participants. • There is evidence that some architects and real estate entrepreneurs are connected to CASE STUDY CASE trafficking networks. Introduction The region is a palimpsest of ancient material,7 much of which remains unexplored and unexcavated by Cultural heritage in North Africa has come under fire archaeologists. -
Tunisia Summary Strategic Environmental and Social
PMIR Summary Strategic Environmental and Social Assessment AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK GROUP PROJECT: ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE MODERNIZATION PROJECT COUNTRY: TUNISIA SUMMARY STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT (SESA) Project Team: Mr. P. M. FALL, Transport Engineer, OITC.2 Mr. N. SAMB, Consultant Socio-Economist, OITC.2 Mr. A. KIES, Consultant Economist, OITC 2 Mr. M. KINANE, Principal Environmentalist, ONEC.3 Mr. S. BAIOD, Consultant Environmentalist ONEC.3 Project Team Sector Director: Mr. Amadou OUMAROU Regional Director: Mr. Jacob KOLSTER Division Manager: Mr. Abayomi BABALOLA 1 PMIR Summary Strategic Environmental and Social Assessment Project Name : ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE MODERNIZATION PROJECT Country : TUNISIA Project Number : P-TN-DB0-013 Department : OITC Division: OITC.2 1 Introduction This report is a summary of the Strategic Environmental and Social Assessment (SESA) of the Road Project Modernization Project 1 for improvement works in terms of upgrading and construction of road structures and primary roads of the Tunisian classified road network. This summary has been prepared in compliance with the procedures and operational policies of the African Development Bank through its Integrated Safeguards System (ISS) for Category 1 projects. The project description and rationale are first presented, followed by the legal and institutional framework in the Republic of Tunisia. A brief description of the main environmental conditions is presented, and then the road programme components are presented by their typology and by Governorate. The summary is based on the projected activities and information contained in the 60 EIAs already prepared. It identifies the key issues relating to significant impacts and the types of measures to mitigate them. It is consistent with the Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) developed to that end. -
Waging War Land Mines
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF STATE April 2002 StateStateMagazine Waging War on Land Mines StateState Magazine April 2002 Contents No. 456 Department of State • United States of America 7 Post of the Month: Tunis 11 COLUMNS Diplomats have come here for two centuries. 2 From the Secretary 11 Office of the Month: Civil Rights Diversity improves the process and product. 6 Direct from the D.G. 14 Land Mines DEPARTMENTS They are Afghanistan’s hidden killers. 3 Letters to the Editor 18 Delegation Visits Air War College 4 In the News Education and training are at forefront. 26 Education & Training 20 Language Immersion Hue hosts intrepid students from Hanoi. 28 Medical Report 23 Supporting ‘Enduring Freedom’ 30 Appointments Political-Military Bureau is behind the scenes. 31 Personnel Actions 25 FSI Launches New Publications 32 Obituaries Training continuums underscore commitment. Photo by Dave Krecke Dave Photo by OCR’s Terrence Edwards and Gracie Minnis in a mock ADR Session. The columns of Capitolano at 7 Dougga, in Tunisia. On the Cover An Afghan searches for land mines near Kabul. Photo by Brennan Linsley/AP Photos Photo by Steve Vidler/PictureQuest Steve Photo by FROM THE SECRETARY SECRETARY COLIN L. POWELL Making Our Case on Capitol Hill t’s that time again, the beginning of the annual We are also asking Congress to keep funding our pro- Icongressional appropriations process. grams to upgrade and enhance our worldwide security Last year, we made a strong case to Congress for the readiness, including money to hire security agents and additional resources we need to strengthen our ability conduct counterterrorism programs. -
Policy Notes for the Trump Notes Administration the Washington Institute for Near East Policy ■ 2018 ■ Pn55
TRANSITION 2017 POLICYPOLICY NOTES FOR THE TRUMP NOTES ADMINISTRATION THE WASHINGTON INSTITUTE FOR NEAR EAST POLICY ■ 2018 ■ PN55 TUNISIAN FOREIGN FIGHTERS IN IRAQ AND SYRIA AARON Y. ZELIN Tunisia should really open its embassy in Raqqa, not Damascus. That’s where its people are. —ABU KHALED, AN ISLAMIC STATE SPY1 THE PAST FEW YEARS have seen rising interest in foreign fighting as a general phenomenon and in fighters joining jihadist groups in particular. Tunisians figure disproportionately among the foreign jihadist cohort, yet their ubiquity is somewhat confounding. Why Tunisians? This study aims to bring clarity to this question by examining Tunisia’s foreign fighter networks mobilized to Syria and Iraq since 2011, when insurgencies shook those two countries amid the broader Arab Spring uprisings. ©2018 THE WASHINGTON INSTITUTE FOR NEAR EAST POLICY. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. THE WASHINGTON INSTITUTE FOR NEAR EAST POLICY ■ NO. 30 ■ JANUARY 2017 AARON Y. ZELIN Along with seeking to determine what motivated Evolution of Tunisian Participation these individuals, it endeavors to reconcile estimated in the Iraq Jihad numbers of Tunisians who actually traveled, who were killed in theater, and who returned home. The find- Although the involvement of Tunisians in foreign jihad ings are based on a wide range of sources in multiple campaigns predates the 2003 Iraq war, that conflict languages as well as data sets created by the author inspired a new generation of recruits whose effects since 2011. Another way of framing the discussion will lasted into the aftermath of the Tunisian revolution. center on Tunisians who participated in the jihad fol- These individuals fought in groups such as Abu Musab lowing the 2003 U.S. -
L'histoire Municipale Thuburbo Majus
ALFRED MERLIN MEMBRE DE L'INSTITUT L'HISTOIRE MUNICIPALE DE THUBURBO MAJUS EXTRAIT ou CINQUIÈME CONGRÈS INTERNATIONAL D'ARCHÉOLOGIE ALGER .(14-16 Avril 1930) ALGER SOCIÉTÉ HISTORIQUE ALGÉRIENNE 12, RUE ÉMILE-MAUPAS, 12 1933 L'Histoire Municipale de Tbnbnrbo Majns PAR ALFRED MERLIN MEMBRE DE L'UVSTIl'VT Depuis une vingtaine d'années, la Direction des Anti quités de Tunisi~ effectue des fouilles dans les nÜne.s de Thuburbo Majus, situées à un~ cinquantaine de kilo mètres au sud de Tunis (1). On a déblayé s1).ccessive ment le forUfil bordé d'un côté par le Capitole et entouré sur l~s autres faces <Je portiques sous lesquels s'ouvraient notamment ~n temple de Merc~re et la curie (2), deux établissements de bains décoré.s de noin,breuse~ statues (3), (1) La I~ocalité appelée aujoufQ.'hui Henchir Kasbat a é~é iden tifiée avec Thuburbo ~Iajus par Tissot (Revue Africaine, l, 1857, 1=. 417 et suiv.) à la suite de la Q.écouverte faite par lui de l'ins cription C.I.L., VIII, 848, qui est aujourd'hui conservée au Musée du Bardo (La manchère et Gauckler, Cat. du Musée Alaoui, p. 89, AO 407; cf. L. Poin&sot, Bull. arch. du ComU(J, 1905, 'p. 401-402, n. 3). Sur le;s ruines de Thuburbo Majus tel~es ·qu'elles se présen taient avant les travaux récents, cf. Guérin, Voy. arch. 'dans la Régence d,e Tunis, II, p. 366 et suiv. ; J. POins&ot, Bull. des anti quités africaines, 1, 1882-1883, p. 319 et suiv. -
Annuaire Hydrologique De Tunisie 2003-2004
Ministère de l’Agriculture et des Ressources hydrauliques Direction Générale des Ressources en Eau ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ REPUBLIQUE TUNISIENNE -oOo- MINISTERE DE L'AGRICULTURE ET DES RESSOURCES HYDRAULIQUES -oOo- DIRECTION GENERALE DES RESSOURCES EN EAU ANNUAIRE HYDROLOGIQUE DE TUNISIE 2003-2004 PUBLICATION DE LA DIRECTION GENERALE DES RESSOURCES EN EAU 43, rue de la MANOUBIA -TUNIS 1008 - :+216 71 560 000 / +216 71 391 851 Fax : +216 71 391 549 INDICE :10213 Annuaire Hydrologique de Tunisie, 2003-2004 Direction des Eaux de Surface Ministère de l’Agriculture et des Ressources hydrauliques Direction Générale des Ressources en Eau ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ SOMMAIRE AVANT PROPOS...................................................................................................... 3 PREMIERE PARTIE .............................................................................................. 5 PRESENTATION ET COMMENTAIRES ............................................................ 5 1 APERÇU SOMMAIRE SUR LA PLUVIOSITE DE L’ANNEE HYDROLOGIQUE 2003-2004................................................................................. 7 1.1 TOTAUX PLUVIOMETRIQUES ANNUELS............................................................................7 1.2 TOTAUX PLUVIOMETRIQUES MENSUELS ET SAISONNIERS ...............................................9 1.3 ISOHYETES ANNUELLES.................................................................................................10 -
Developing a Geographical Information System for the Oudayas Kasbah of Rabat
Developing a Geographical Information System for the Oudayas Kasbah of Rabat An Interactive Qualifying Project (IQP) Proposal submitted to the faculty of Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI) In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelors of Science in cooperation with The Prefecture of Rabat Submitted by: Project Advisors: Tyler Beaupre Professor Ingrid Shockey Dominic Cupo Professor Gbetonmasse Somasse Lauren Fraser Hayley Poskus Submitted to: Mr. Hammadi Houra, Sponsor Liaison Submitted on October 12th, 2016 ABSTRACT An accurate map of a city is essential for supplementing tourist traffic and management by the local government. The city of Rabat was lacking such a map for the Kasbah of the Oudayas. With the assistance of the Prefecture of Rabat, we created a Geographical Information System (GIS) for that section of the medina using QGIS software. Within this GIS, we mapped the area, added historical landmarks and tourist attractions, and created a walking tour of the Oudayas Kasbah. This prototype remains expandable, allowing the prefecture to extend the system to all the city of Rabat. i EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Introduction In 2012, the city of Rabat, Morocco was awarded the status of a United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) world heritage site for integrating both Western Modernism and Arabo-Muslim history, creating a unique juxtaposition of cultures (UNESCO, 2016). The Kasbah of the Oudayas, a twelfth century fortress in the city, exemplifies this connection. A view of the Bab Oudaya is shown below in Figure 1. It is a popular tourist attraction and has assisted Rabat in bringing in an average of 500,000 tourists per year (World Bank, 2016). -
Authority File Fiches Site, Ensemble, Monument Vocabulaire 'Clos' Et
Projet de gestion du patrimoine culturel de la Tunisie Authority File Fiches Site, Ensemble, Monument Vocabulaire ‘clos’ et ‘ouverts’ premiers fondements 24/12/97 Memar Sit srl VOCABULAIRES Vocabulaires de contrôle Pour certains champs des fiches, des vocabulaires de contrôle ont été prévus, ceux-ci constituent un instrument de travail univoque pour tous les sujets qui travailleront sur le terrain. Il s’agit d’instruments de référence terminologique qui, en sélectionnant et normalisant les données, couvrent un vaste territoire du patrimoine archéologique et architectural, permettant une saisie uniforme des termes dans les banques de données. Ces répertoires ne sont pas exhaustifs mais, au contraire, prêts à recevoir de nouveaux termes. La connaissance de ces lexiques contrôlés est nécessaire pour la rédaction de chaque fiche permettant ainsi la vérification continue de la part de la Direction Technico-scientifique. L’implémentation des Vocabulaires de contrôle Toutes les fiches produites durant le projet seront remplies en utilisant les Normes et les Vocabulaires fournis au début des travaux. Le Fichiste devra signaler les nouveaux vocabulaires tirés de l’inventoriage sur le terrain au Coordinateur: le responsable Technico- scientifique du Projet, après un vérification adéquate du matériel graphique et photographique, s’occupera de leur acceptation. Il sera indiqué que le Fichiste ne se limite pas à une simple liste des nouveaux termes proposés, mais qu’il s’ingénie à permettre à la Direction Technico- Scientifique de décider dans les meilleures conditions possibles. Ci-après, nous avons exposé notre proposition de vocabulaires “clos” et un premier noyau de vocabulaires “ouverts” pour les champs à remplir obligatoirement avec des “vocabulaires contrôlé”. -
Orhan Kolog˘Lu RENEGADES and the CASE ULUÇ/KILIÇ ALI ·
Orhan Kolog˘lu RENEGADES AND THE CASE · ULUÇ/KILIÇ ALI In the history of the Mediterranean region, the Renegade of the Christians who becomes a Mühtedi by joining the Muslim religion, has played an important role. In European languages the Renegade is the person who abandons Christianity for a different faith. The Mühtedi, on the other hand, according to Muslim and Turkish communities, is the person of another faith who embraces Islam. Since Islam began to spread 600 years after Christianity, it gathered its early followers among pagans, a few Jews but especially Christians. Its rapid spread over Syria, Egypt, North Africa, Sicily, Spain and into central France indicates that all Mediterranean communities were largely affected by the religion. Christianity, which had become the domineering and ruling faith through Papacy and the Byzantine Empire, was now lar- gely disturbed by this competitor. For this reason, it was only natural that both sides scrutinized the Renegade/Mühtedi very closely. The concern of one side in losing a believer matched the concern of the other side in preventing the loss of the Mühtedi, who is then called a Mürted (apostate, the verb is irtidad). European research on this subject outweighs the research done by Muslims, because renegades had not only been, quantitative-wise, many times more than mürteds, but also they played more important roles as history-makers in the Mediterranean. Muslim indifference to their past is easily understandable because the interest was focused only on their activities as Muslims. However, European research bears the mark of the Christian perspective and has a reactionary approach. -
Glaze Production at an Early Islamic Workshop in Al-Andalus
Glaze production at an Early Islamic workshop in al-Andalus Elena Salinas1, Trinitat Pradell1 Judit Molera 2 1Physics Department and Barcelona Research Centre in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Campus Diagonal Besòs, Av. Eduard Maristany, 10-14 08019 Barcelona, Spain 2GR-MECAMAT, Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVIC-UCC), Campus Torre dels Frares, C/ de la Laura 13, 08500, Vic, Spain Abstract The study and analysis of the materials found in one of the earliest Islamic glazed ceramics workshop in al-Andalus (Pechina) dating from the second half of the 9th century, including fritting vessels, kiln furniture, wasters and slags, and a glass chunk, has revealed the materials used and methods of production. Galena was oxidised to obtain PbO in the workshop. Fritting of the glaze involved a two-stage process for which two different types of vessels were used. The fritting process ended with a melt which was poured to obtain a high lead glass. The ground glass was applied over the biscuit fired ceramics, and fired to a temperature high enough to soften the glaze and adhere it onto the ceramic surface. Evidences of a similar process was found in a later workshop in San Nicolas (10th century) which demonstrates the persistence of the technique in al-Andalus during the caliphal period. There is little evidence of early Islamic glaze manufacture at kiln sites and in contrast to the glass workshops the glazed ceramics workshops have not been studied. Consequently, this study adds valuable information to the currently very limited knowledge about the early glaze technology in Dar al-Islam. -
Timeline / 400 to 1550 / TUNISIA
Timeline / 400 to 1550 / TUNISIA Date Country | Description 533 A.D. Tunisia Byzantine reconquest of Africa led by the Byzantine general Belisarius. End of the Vandal kingdom. 534 - 548 A.D. Tunisia Berber insurrections threaten the Byzantine army, which suffered repeated setbacks. 582 - 602 A.D. Tunisia Reorganisation of the Byzantine Empire and institution of the Exarchate of Carthage, consolidating the pre-eminence of the military. 647 A.D. Tunisia First expedition of Muslim Arabs in Ifriqiya. Victory at Sufetula (Sbeitla). 665 A.D. Tunisia Second Arab expedition. Victory at Hadrumetum (Sousse). 670 A.D. Tunisia Third Arab expedition led by ‘Uqba (Okba) ibn Nafi, who founds the town of Kairouan. 698 A.D. Tunisia Carthage conquered by the Arabs under the leadership of Hassan ibn Numan. 705 A.D. Tunisia Musa ibn Nossayr becomes the first governor of Ifriqiya. 711 A.D. Tunisia The Muslims begin the conquest of Spain under the leadership of Tarik ibn Ziyad. 739 - 742 A.D. Tunisia Berber insurrections shake the country. Arab pacification puts an end to the insecurity and prompts economic growth. 827 A.D. Tunisia The Aghlabids begin the conquest of Sicily. Date Country | Description 836 A.D. Tunisia Construction of the Great Mosque of Kairouan. 863 A.D. Tunisia Construction of the Zaytuna Mosque in Tunis. 876 A.D. Tunisia Foundation of the town of Raqqada a few kilometres outside Kairouan. 921 A.D. Tunisia Foundation of the town of Mahdia, capital of the Fatimids. 947 A.D. Tunisia Foundation of princely town of Sabra-al Mansuriya. 971 - 973 A.D. -
Illustrated Glossary: Mosaics in Situ Project
Mosaics In Situ Project ILLUSTRATED GLOSSARY Definitions of terms used for the graphic documentation of in situ floor mosaics Developed by the Getty Conservation Institute and the Israel Antiquities Authority December 2003 INTRODUCTION The present glossary is the result of collaborative work between the Getty Conservation Institute and the Israel Antiquities Authority as part of the research component of the Mosaics In Situ Project and was subsequently revised during the course of technician training in Tunisia in collaboration with the Institut National du Patrimoine. The objective of this glossary is to establish a common and unambiguous vocabulary for the recording of the conditions of and interventions on in situ floor mosaics. The terms in the glossary are divided into CURRENT CONDITION, defined in written form and illustrated, and CURRENT INTERVENTION, only defined in written form. This mosaic glossary is by no means comprehensive and must be considered a "base" document that could be adapted and added to as necessary. According to the specific requirements of the conservation program, the terms and definitions provided can be utilized as they are or can be tailored to the work at hand. - Specific terms can be subdivided when more detail is required. For example, fills can be subdivided in modern fills and ancient repairs. - Terms can be grouped either when conditions always occur together or when less detail is required. For example, deteriorated tesserae can be used to describe different conditions such as exfoliated, fractured, and pitted tesserae. Another example is deteriorated border, which can comprise both detached tesserae and the deteriorated preparatory layer located at the edge of the tesselatum.