Lower Normandy

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Lower Normandy Lower Normandy higher education 37,453 students in 2005-2006, studying at 27 higher education sites, o/w 6 university sites. Of the total, 90.2% are in the public sector and 67.5% at university. population change in number of students population without duplicate entries 2000 2005 1,422,193 inhabitants in 1999, i.e. Lower Normandy 37,278 37,453 + 0.5% France* 2,160,253 2,274,987 + 5.3% 2.4% population of France* weight of region 1.7% 1.6% 81 inhabitants per km *excluding Overseas Territories * excluding Overseas Territories baccalauréat holders - 2005 session change and weight of 17-25 age group percentage of enrolment rate of baccalauréat distribution change baccalauréat baccalauréat 2000 2005 since baccalauréat holders in one holders in higher general technological professional total 2000 success rate generation education system Lower Normandy 164,598 161,648 - 1.8% Lower Nor. 5,957 3,147 2,553 11,657 - 3.3% 82.0% 61.7% 69.5% France* + 3.4% 7,115,395 7,354,195 France* 272,512 140,828 93,268 506,608 - 1.9% 79.9% 62.1% 81.9% weight of region 2.3% 2.2% * excluding Overseas Territories *excluding Overseas Territories regional atlas > 2005-2006 > 115 main higher education branches of study (2005-2006) Cherbourg Carentan Luc-sur-Mer Le Hommet- Bayeux Trouville categories d'Arthenay Lisieux Superior Technician Sections Saint-Lô STS and affiliated programmes Coutances Maltot Caen Torigni-sur-Vire CPGE Preparatory class St-Pierre- for Grandes Écoles Granville Falaise sur-Dives University Institutes Vire IUT L'Aigle of Technology Avranches Mortain Flers Argentan Main sites of universities and affiliated institutions St-Hilaire- La-Ferté-Macé Sées du-Harcoüet Main sites of INPs or UTs Alençon Mortagne- au-Perche Secondary university sites IUFM University Institute for teacher training Engineering programmes (all ministries combined) Private faculties Business schools administrative attachment Caen 0 50 km 116 > regional atlas > 2005-2006 > Lower Normandy Lower Normandy number of students enrolled in higher education system (2005-2006) number of students enrolled in higher education system in urban units (INSEE 1999). Cherbourg Carentan Luc-sur- Trouville Mer Bayeux Le Hommet-d'Artenay Caen Lisieux St-Lô Maltot Coutances Torigni- sur-Vire Condé-sur St-Pierre- Falaise sur-Dives Granville Vire -Noireau Argentan Avranches Flers Sées L'Aigle Mortain La-Ferté-Macé Mortagne-au- St-Hilaire-du- Perche Harcoüet Alençon weight of higher education branches of study (2005-2006) 50,000 programmes universities excluding and university 20,000 affiliated engineering other CPGE STS institutions programmes IUFM programmes In bold type: university site 5,000 Lower Normandy 3.1% 13.0% 67.5% 0.8% 4.2% 11.3% 1,000 0 50 km less than 300 France* 3.3% 10.5% 63.6% 3.9% 3.6% 15.1% * excluding Overseas Territories regional atlas > 2005-2006 > 117 size of university sites and change between 2000-2001 and 2005-2006 number of students enrolled in universities and affiliated institutions in 2005-2006 (including IUT and engineering programmes), in urban units (INSEE 1999). 50,000 Cherbourg 20,000 5,000 1,000 Caen less than 400 - 3,2 % St-Lô Lisieux change from 2000-2001 Vire to 2005-2006 +60% and over Alençon +30 to + 59.9% universities and affiliated institutions in 2005-2006 +10 to +29.9% 0 to +9.9% university sites number of students per cycle engineering -10 to -0.1% in urban units IUT 0 and 1st 2nd 3rd programmes total -30% to -10.1% 0 50 km Caen 2,701 10,985 7,000 3,857 748 25,291 Alençon 352 149 129 630 under -30% Caen 1,395 10,674 6,710 3,849 624 23,252 Cherbourg 492 162 114 8 124 900 insignificant (creation of site relocation of university and IUT programmes or data not consistent over period) Lisieux 202 18 220 relocation of university programmes Saint-Lô 155 29 184 France : + 2.6% relocation of IUT programmes Vire 105 105 118 > regional atlas > 2005-2006 > Lower Normandy number of students (2005-2006) Lower Normandy universities and affiliated institutions engineering programmes total (excluding engineering programmes) private STS and number of students per cycle other progr. écoles other affiliated university MENESR and other normales private business schools university higher population units institutions IUT 0 and 1st 2nd 3rd Total progr. progr. ministries IUFM sup. faculties schools and progr. progr. education in 1999 14 - Calvados Bayeux 103 103 17,746 Caen 995 1,853 1,395 10,674 6,710 3,849 22,628 624 197 1,143 495 1,564 24,395 29,499 199,490 Caen 952 1,532 1,055 10,281 6,538 3,562 21,436 624 1,143 495 1,006 23,203 27,188 113,987 Epron 197 197 1,755 Hérouville-Saint-Clair 43 180 393 172 287 852 558 852 1,633 24,025 Ifs 340 340 340 340 9,208 Mondeville 141 141 10,428 Condé-sur-Noireau 14 14 7,094 Falaise 58 131 189 8,434 Lisieux 164 202 18 220 204 220 588 27,629 Luc-sur-Mer 45 45 13,243 Douvres-la-Délivrande 45 45 4,809 Maltot 33 33 575 Saint-Pierre-sur-Dives 128 128 3,977 Trouville-sur-Mer 63 63 20,406 Deauville 63 63 4,364 Vire 101 105 105 119 105 325 15,995 50 - Manche Avranches 155 155 14,669 Carentan 57 57 7,727 Cherbourg 134 316 492 162 114 8 776 124 12 407 900 1,769 89,704 Cherbourg-Octeville 134 316 492 162 114 8 776 124 12 306 900 1,668 25,370 Tourlaville 101 101 17,551 Coutances 201 201 9,840 Granville 143 178 321 18,137 Le Hommet-d'Arthenay 93 93 326 Mortain 36 36 3,729 Saint-Hilaire-du-Harcouët 124 124 6,073 Saint-Lô 39 301 155 29 184 228 108 223 412 1,083 25,462 Agneaux 87 87 4,476 Saint-Lô 39 214 155 29 184 228 108 223 412 996 20,090 Torigni-sur-Vire 11 11 7,565 Condé-sur-Vire 11 11 2,984 61 - Orne Alençon 187 352 149 129 630 114 201 507 831 1,639 44,382 Alençon 187 201 507 201 895 28,935 Damigny 352 149 129 630 114 630 744 2,917 Argentan 82 82 17,441 Flers 222 164 386 23,240 La Ferté-Macé 166 166 7,355 L'aigle 15 112 127 12,254 Mortagne-au-Perche 39 39 5,389 Sées 177 177 4,504 Lower Normandy 1,168 4,873 2,701 10,985 7,000 3,857 24,543 748 311 1,572 615 3,623 26,863 37,453 1,422,193 regional atlas > 2005-2006 > 119 how to read the tables universities and affiliated institutions engineering programmes total STS private (excluding engineering programmes) other univer- and other programmes écoles schools higher total number of students per cycle sity affiliated university MENESR and other normales private business and pro- educa- population units CPGEinstitutions IUT 0 and 1st 2nd 3rd Total programmes programmes ministries IUFM sup. faculties schools programmes grammes tion in1999 XX - Département 1 UrbanU unit 1 data sources and scope for these Urban unit 2 categories provided on page 192 Commune 21 Commune 22 Urban unit 3 An urban unit (in bold type) is a group of communities with at least 2,000 inhabitants in which Urban unit 4 no residence is separated from the next by more than 200 metres. Urban unit 5 Rural commune 6 The other communes (not in bold type) are classified as rural communes. Urban unit 7 Commune 71 The definitions of urban and rural territories are reviewed prior to each census. Commune 72 The definitions used in the present edition are those set forth in the INSEE 1999 census. Commune 73 Commune 74 Commune 75 Commune 76 Urban unit 8* A given urban unit can extend to two or more départements. Total number of students enrolled in university XX - Département 2 programmes at: Urban unit 9 An asterisk designates an urban unit in which the higher education sites - universities and affiliated institutions (including Urban unit 8* are located in communes of different départements. Commune 82 students enrolled in IUT and university engineering Urban unit 10 programmes) Urban unit 11 - INPs and UTs (excluding engineering programmes) Commune 111 - IUFMs Commune 112 Commune 113 Urban unit 12 Total number of students enrolled in urban unit Urban unit 13 or commune. Urban unit 14 Urban unit 15 When higher education units exists in several communes of Commune 151 a given urban unit, the breakdown per commune and per Population without duplicate records in INSEE 1999 Commune 152 programme structure is also provided. census. Commune 153 28 > regional atlas > 2005-2006 > higher education by region sources sources data fields CPGE (Preparatory Classes for Grandes Écoles) DEPP: SCOLARITE information system Students enrolled in CPGEs at public and private institutions under the authority of the MENESR and other DEPP: survey no.17 ministries Ministry of Agriculture STS (Superior Technician Sections) DEPP: SCOLARITE information system Students in post-baccalauréat programmes affiliated with STS (BTS, refresher courses, DPECF, DECF, DMA, and affiliated programmes DEPP: survey no.18 DSAA, DNTS, complementary post-BTS programmes), in public and private institutions under the authority of the Ministry of Agriculture MENESR and other ministries IUT (University Institutes of Technology) DEPP: SISE information system Students enrolled in universities and affiliated institutions and registered in DUT, post-DUT and DNTS programmes Universities (excluding IUT DEPP: SISE information system Students enrolled in universities and affiliated institutions, including further training programmes leading to and engineering programmes) a degree, work-study programmes, university degrees, DAEU, long-distance education; not including students in engineering, DUT and affiliated programmes University engineering programmes DEPP: SISE information system Students enrolled in universities and affiliated institutions, and registered in classic engineering programmes, specialised engineering programmes and engineering programmes in partnership (e.g.
Recommended publications
  • A French Summer in Normandy
    London 2.15 hrs Portsmouth 6 hrs (Eurostar) English Channel a French summer Caen 2 hrs Mt Saint-Michel in Normandy Paris with Carré international Atlantic Ocean CARRÉ INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITÉ DE CAEN NORMANDIE Département formations en langues (DFL) Bureau Li 119 CS 14032 F-14032 CAEN cedex 5 Program organized [email protected] in partnership with UNICAEN since 1432 +30 000 students 4 main fields of studies 46 research units around 3 federa- tive areas 442 exchange agreements with 264 partners CAEN #1 Norman city for its quality of life 2018 ranking Crédits photos : • Carré international • Cédric Guern • Erasmus & Internationals in Caen WWW.UNICAEN.FR INTERNATIONAL.UNICAEN.FR/INTERNATIONAL.UNICAEN.FR/CIECIE ONE PROGRAM... ... SEVERAL OPTIONS By combining the practice of French with thematiccurriculum, our international summer courses (CIE) offer a unique immersion into French culture amongside students from all over the world. Classes are conducted by professors of Carré international with an experience of teaching French as a Foreign Language (FFL). The program is open to anyone over 18, with no pre-requisite of diploma. For specific request, please contact us. Mornings are dedicated to the practice of language with45 hours of oral and written communication, reinforcement of grammatical structure, vocabulary enrichment and oral practice in an audio lab. For the afternoons, students can choose: SESSION 1 SESSION 2 • one of 5 thematic tracks which all include30 hours of lectures and site visits, • or a 30-hour «leisure & visits» program. CULTURE & HERITAGE FR CULTURE & HERITAGE FR Each session students can participate, free of charge, to one of the two one-day excursions scheduled on week-ends, Embark on a journey into French cultural Embark on a journey into French cultural provided that seats are available.
    [Show full text]
  • Coastal Erosion and Public Archaeology in Brittany, France: Recent Experiences from the Alert Project
    MANUSCRIT ACCEPTAT MANUSCRIT ACCEPTAT Coastal erosion and public archaeology in Brittany, France: recent experiences from the ALeRT project Pau Olmos Benlloch, Elías López-Romero & Marie- Yvane Daire Dawson, T.; Nimura, C.; López-Romero, E.; Daire, M. Y. (eds.), Public Llibre Archaeology and Climate Change. Oxford : Oxbow Books, 2017 ISBN 9781785707049 Disponible Data de publicació 2017 en línia Per citar aquest document: Olmos, P.; López-Romero, E.; Daire, M-Y. (2017), "Coastal erosion and public archaeology in Brittany, France: recent experiences from the ALeRT project" a Dawson, T.; Nimura, C.; López-Romero, E.; Daire, M. Y. (eds.), Public Archaeology and Climate Change, Oxbow Books, Oxford, p. 145-154. Aquest arxiu PDF conté el manuscrit acceptat per a la seva publicació. 1 Chapter 9. Coastal erosion and public archaeology in Brittany, France: recent experiences from the ALeRT project Pau Olmos Benlloch, Elías López-Romero & Marie-Yvane Daire Abstract The ALeRT (Archéologie, Littoral et Réchauffement Terrestre) project has brought together researchers involved in coastal archaeology and aims to establish an interdisciplinary approach to assessing coastal archaeological vulnerability, site monitoring and heritage management. The scale of the problem and the need for improved field data collection and data management procedures led us to develop a web and mobile application for adding field data and administering users. This reduces the time of data collection in the field and widens the opportunities for collaboration between researchers, heritage managers and the wider community. Recent extreme weather impacts on coastal archaeology in Brittany has led to a growing interest in public archaeology initiatives and resulted in a huge mobilisation of the local population.
    [Show full text]
  • Calvados 2006-2007 . Rased Des Circonscriptions Suivantes : Bayeux, Isigny Honfleur Φ : Eepu Groupe Scolaire J
    CALVADOS 2006-2007 . RASED DES CIRCONSCRIPTIONS SUIVANTES : BAYEUX, ISIGNY HONFLEUR Φ : EEPU GROUPE SCOLAIRE J. PREVERT BAYEUX NORD VIRE, CAEN OUEST, CAEN SUD, FALAISE, CAEN EST, LISIEUX, TROUVILLE. Φ : EEPU HOMME DE BOIS E : EEPU GROUPE SCOLAIRE J. PREVERT Φ : EEPU ARGOUGES DEAUVILLE G : EEPU HOMME DE BOIS E : EEPU ARGOUGES COURSEULLES CREUILLY E : EEPU R. DEVOS EEPU P. E Victor PORT en BESSIN Φ : EEPU CR E : EEPU UNITE A G. Le Conquérant TROUVILLE G : EEPU CR E : EEPU A. Malraux TOUQUES E : EEPU CR Φ : EEPU CENTRE HONFLEUR EEPU COURSEULLES DOUVRES E : EEPU CENTRE Φ : EEPU MARIE CURIE PONT L’EVEQUE G : EEPU MARIE CURIE TROUVILLE E : EEPU G : EEPU JACQUES PREVERT SUR MER E : EEPU MARIE CURIE TOUQUES ISIGNY SUR MER DEAUVILLE BAYEUX COURSEULLES/MER MOLAY LITTRY CREUILLY CABOURG PONT GAMBIER G : EEPU M L DIVES SUR MER L’EVEQUE Φ : EEPU PAUL DOUMER - LISIEUX E : EEPU M L DOUVRES LA E : EEPU VICTOR HUGO - CAMBREMER LE MOLAY LITTRY DELIVRANDE ARGENCES E : EEPU MARIE CURIE - LISIEUX Φ : EEPU GRPE DR DERRIEN - ARGENCES E : EEPU PAUL DOUMER - LISIEUX BRETTEVILLE L’ORGUEILLEUSE E : EEPU GRPE DR DERRIEN - ARGENCES E : EEPU MME RENE COTY - MOYAUX G : EEPU BR L’O BRETTEVILLE EEPU DOZULE DIVES EEPU TROARN E : EEPU BR L’O L’ORGUEILLEUSE Φ : EEPU COLLEVILLE – DIVES / MER E : EEPU J. GUILLOU - CABOURG BAYEUX SUD DOZULE EEPU COLLEVILLE – DIVES / MER Φ : EPPU LETOT LA POTERIE ST MARTIN DE FONTENAY G : EPPU LETOT LA POTERIE Φ : EEPU CHARLES HUARD E : EEPU LOUISE LAURENT G : EEPU CHARLES HUARD MOYAUX EPPU BELLEVUE E : EEPU CHARLES HUARD TROARN VILLERS BOCAGE
    [Show full text]
  • Dives Sur Mer, Le 23 Juillet 2020 a L'attention Des Conseillers
    Le Président Dives sur Mer, le 23 juillet 2020 A l’attention des conseillers communautaires Liste des destinataires in fine Mesdames, Messieurs les Conseillers et chers collègues, La prochaine réunion du conseil communautaire de Normandie-Cabourg-Pays d’Auge se déroulera en présentiel le : Jeudi 30 juillet 2020 à 17h00 Espace Nelson Mandela A Dives sur Mer A NOTER : ➢ Dans ce contexte de crise sanitaire, veuillez-vous munir d’un masque et d’un stylo personnel ➢ En cas d’indisponibilité vous pouvez donner ou recevoir 2 pouvoirs, ces pouvoirs doivent être déposés ou transmis avant la réunion (dans le cas contraire il n’en sera pas pris compte) ➢ La séance ne sera pas ouverte au public L’ordre du jour est le suivant : - Compte rendu conseil communautaire du 16 juillet 2020 ; - Annonce des dernières décisions du Président ; 1- Délégation de pouvoir au Président, vice-présidents, membres du bureau ; 2- Election des membres de la commission d’appel d’offres (CAO) ; 3- Election des membres de la Commission Locale d’Evaluation des Charges Transférées (CLECT) ; 4- Modification des statuts de l'EPIC Office de Tourisme Intercommunal ; 5- Election au Comité de direction de l’EPIC Office de Tourisme Intercommunal ; 6- Election d’un représentant à la Mission Locale Caen la Mer Calvados Centre ; 7- Election des délégués au bureau du Pôle Métropolitain Caen Normandie Métropole ; 8- Election de représentants au GAL LEADER ; 9- Election de représentants au Syndicat pour la Valorisation et l'Elimination des Déchets ménagers de l'Agglomération Caennaise
    [Show full text]
  • PRESS KIT Yelloh! Village 2019
    PRESS KIT Yelloh! Village 2019 Press Kit ! Yelloh Village 2019 , Introduction Camping has changed, and has enjoyed a real success in recent years. Holidaymakers are turning to this type of holiday in increasing numbers. Today it is obvious that the camping sector has become a strong trend in the world of tourism. In 2017 French campsites recorded more than 124 million overnight stays, up 5.6% compared to 2016. But what explains this evolution? Today, holidaymakers are looking for greater authenticity, they want to feel closer to nature, be able to get together as a family or with their friends and share those special moments, they are in search of conviviality and that human touch. By choosing this type of authentic holiday, Yelloh! Village customers can live a genuine experience, and enjoy a magical break far from the worries and stress of everyday life, during their stay with us. Today’s contemporary nomads, those yearning to return to nature, holidaymakers in search of relaxation, wellness-lovers and get-up-and-go campers: all will find their own special place here with Yelloh! Village... Nowadays, the camping sector (France’s HPA) has acquired a certain amount of prestige by offering holidaymakers all sorts of highly-rated campsites, upmarket accommodation & infrastructure and ever more amazing entertainment, and by holding fast to a philosophy which places people and countryside above all else. 1 According to the Xerfi institute Press Kit Yelloh ! Village 2019 An overview of the Yelloh! Village group Yelloh! Village is today one of the largest high-end camping-village networks - in franchise format - founded on common values shared by both consumers and campsite managers.
    [Show full text]
  • Inshore Fisheries and Governance (France)
    Les publications du Pôle halieutique AGROCAMPUS OUEST n°22 Inshore fisheries and governance (France) The case of the lobster fishery in the Bay of Granville GIFS project ● Action 1 Financial support 2014 This report has been written by the Cellule Etudes et Transfert of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Center of AGROCAMPUS OUEST with the financial support of the European Union, in the framework of the GIFS Project: Geography of Inshore Fishing and Sustainability, European Program of cross-border cooperation Interreg IV A 2 Mers Seas Zeeën, co-financed by the ERDF. This document would be quoted as: PICAULT David and LESUEUR Marie, 2014. Inshore fisheries and governance (France). The case of the lobster fishery in the Bay of Granville (Lower Normandy). Study report. GIFS Project. Les publications du Pôle halieutique AGROCAMPUS OUEST n°22, 34 p. Contact: Marie LESUEUR Pôle Halieutique AGROCAMPUS OUEST Cellule Études et Transfert 65 rue de Saint Brieuc - CS 84215 35042 Rennes Cedex Tel: +33 (0)2 23 48 58 62 [email protected] © AGROCAMPUS OUEST 2014 © Photos AGROCAMPUS OUEST Les publications du Pôle halieutique AGROCAMPUS OUEST n°22 Inshore fisheries and governance The case of the lobster fishery in the Bay of Granville (Lower Normandy) Action 1 – GIFS Project 2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 1 1 Methodology ......................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Plan De Prévention Des Risques Littoraux De L'estuaire De La Dives Note De Présentation
    PRÉFET DU CALVADOS PLAN DE PREVENTION DES RISQUES LITTORAUX DE L’ESTUAIRE DE LA DIVES Communes de Cabourg, de Dives-sur-mer, de Périers-en-Auge et de Varaville Note de présentation Direction Départementale des Territoires et de la Mer du Calvados L R P P Plan de prévention des risques littoraux de l'estuaire de la Dives Note de présentation SOMMAIRE I. PRÉAMBULE................................................................................................................................9 I.1. Modalités de lecture du document.....................................................................................9 I.2. Les fondements de la politique de l’État en matière de risques naturels majeurs......10 I.2.1. Définition du risque...................................................................................................10 I.2.2. Les textes fondateurs................................................................................................10 I.3. Les plans de prévention des risques naturels prévisibles.............................................11 I.4. La responsabilité des acteurs en matière de prévention...............................................13 I.4.1. La responsabilité de l’État.........................................................................................14 I.4.2. La responsabilité des Collectivités..........................................................................14 I.4.3. La responsabilité du citoyen.....................................................................................15 I.4.4.
    [Show full text]
  • Marais De La Dives
    LES UNITÉS DE PAYSAGE R Ci-dessus : Prairies de fauche dans le marais d’Hotot-en-Auge. 246 PAYSAGES DE MARAIS R UNITÉ 2.0.2 Unité 2.0.2 Les marais de la Dives Au pied de l’escarpement du Pays d’Auge, les Marais de la Dives sont issus de la double sédimentation de la mer et des vallées augeronnes, qui a produit un singulier paysage bosselé où alternent îles et étendues inondables. Ce paysage, originellement très ouvert, se ferme vers l’amont au gré des plantations de peupliers. Deux modes de sédimentation ont créé deux topographies différentes ’originalité des marais de la Dives Muance). La section de son lit n’étant L réside dans les basses collines, sortes capable d’écouler que la moitié des eaux de d’îles, qui en parsèment l’étendue et la crue hivernales de cet ensemble hydrogra- fractionnent. Ils occupent une ample phique, celles-ci recouvraient le marais dépression incomplètement déblayée dans chaque année pendant plusieurs mois, les marnes calloviennes entre l’escarpement tandis que, l’été, la proximité de la nappe bordier du Pays d’Auge et les avant-buttes phréatique favorisait une abondante pousse de Bavent. Surcreusée pendant l’abaissement d’herbe, célèbre dès le XVIIe siècle. du niveau marin de la période glaciaire du quaternaire, la dépression a été remblayée pendant la remontée des mers, d’une part, à l’aval, par des vases marines derrière le cordon littoral de sable, et d’autre part, à l’amont, par de la tourbe et quelques minces limons alluviaux. Ces deux modes de sédimentation ont créé deux topogra- phies différentes.
    [Show full text]
  • Download a PDF Version of the Firestorm: Caen
    BY JÖKULL GISLASON i Contents The Caen Campaign 3 Campaign Outcome 12 Firestorm: Caen 4 Turns 13 Using the Map 5 Firestorm Troops 20 How Frestorm works 6 Firestorm Terms 26 General - Planning Phase 6 The General’s Wargame 27 Commander - Battle Phase 7 Setting up the Campaign 28 Strategic Phase 11 Firestorm: Caen Campaign Map 32 Introduction 21 ARMY GROUP PERSONAL MESSAGE FROM THE C-in-C To be read out to all Troops 1. The time has come to deal the enemy a terrific blow in Western Europe. The blow will be struck by the combined sea, land and air forces of the Allies-together constituting one great Alled team, under the supreme command of General Eisenhower. 2. On the eve of this great adventure I send my best wishes to every soldier in the Allied team. To us is given the honour of striking a blow for freedom which will live in history; and in the better days that lie ahead men will speak with pride of our doings. We have a great and a righteous cause. Let us pray that “ The Lord Mighty in Battle “ will go forth with our armies, and that His special providence will aid us in the struggle. 3. I want every soldier to know that I have complete confidence in the successful outcome of the operations that we are now about to begin. With stout hearts, and with enthusiasm for the contest, let us go forward to victory. 4. And, as we enter the battle, let us recall the words of a famous soldier spoken many years ago:- “ He either fears his fate too much, Or his deserts are small, Who dare not put it to the touch, To win or lose it all.” 5.
    [Show full text]
  • France Background
    The World Factbook Europe :: France Introduction :: France Background: France today is one of the most modern countries in the world and is a leader among European nations. It plays an influential global role as a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council, NATO, the G-8, the G-20, the EU and other multilateral organizations. France rejoined NATO's integrated military command structure in 2009, reversing de Gaulle's 1966 decision to take French forces out of NATO. Since 1958, it has constructed a hybrid presidential-parliamentary governing system resistant to the instabilities experienced in earlier, more purely parliamentary administrations. In recent decades, its reconciliation and cooperation with Germany have proved central to the economic integration of Europe, including the introduction of a common currency, the euro, in January 1999. In the early 21st century, five French overseas entities - French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, and Reunion - became French regions and were made part of France proper. Geography :: France Location: metropolitan France: Western Europe, bordering the Bay of Biscay and English Channel, between Belgium and Spain, southeast of the UK; bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Italy and Spain French Guiana: Northern South America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Brazil and Suriname Guadeloupe: Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, southeast of Puerto Rico Martinique: Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and North Atlantic Ocean,
    [Show full text]
  • OECD Country Note Early Childhood Education and Care Policy in France
    OECD Country Note Early Childhood Education and Care Policy in France Directorate for Education, OECD February 2004 The views expressed in this document are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of France, the OECD or its Member countries. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 5 Purposes of the Thematic Review............................................................................................................... 5 France’s participation in the Review........................................................................................................... 5 Structure of the Country Note ..................................................................................................................... 6 Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................................................... 6 Terminology................................................................................................................................................ 7 CHAPTER 2 – CONTEXTUAL ISSUES SHAPING ECEC POLICY IN FRANCE ................................... 8 Geography and demography ....................................................................................................................... 8 Political and administrative organisation .................................................................................................... 8 Maternal
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction
    Chapter 1 Introduction It is often forgotten, on both sides of the English Channel, that the Norman linguistic territory is a fragmented one. The defeat of King John of England’s army at Rouen in 1204 at the hands of the French king, Philippe Auguste, led to the separation of the Duchy of Normandy into two domains, with the Norman mainland formally becoming part of the kingdom of France and the Channel Islands henceforth maintained in allegiance to the English Crown. This territo- rial split has now lasted for more than 800 years. The fracture had no immediate linguistic repercussions. Contact was main- tained between mainland and insular Normandy via fishing and other trade activities. However, despite these links, the fact remained that, after 1204, apart from occasional periods when English force of arms detached areas from French control (see Chapter 2), the two Norman territories found themselves governed by opposing powers, who frequently played out their differences on the battlefield. As the centuries progressed, mainland and insular Normandy found themselves on different sides of an ever-widening linguistic gulf, with Norman co-existing alongside two of Europe’s most influential standard lan- guages, namely French and English. Contact with their powerful linguistic neighbours has produced similar out- comes on the mainland and in the islands. Norman has undergone significant territorial contraction and speaker reduction and has witnessed the breaking down of its diglossic relationship with the local standard language as similar social factors, including demographic movement, intermarriage and stigma- tization, have contributed to the loss of Norman from its former strongholds, such as the family domain.
    [Show full text]