APP203853 Application.Pdf(PDF, 1.7
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Evaluation of Aphicidal Effect of Essential Oils and Their Synergistic Effect Against Myzus Persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
molecules Article Evaluation of Aphicidal Effect of Essential Oils and Their Synergistic Effect against Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Qasim Ahmed 1,† , Manjree Agarwal 2,† , Ruaa Al-Obaidi 3, Penghao Wang 2,* and Yonglin Ren 2,* 1 Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, Al-Jadriya Campus, Baghdad 10071, Iraq; [email protected] 2 College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia; [email protected] 3 Pharmacy College, Mustansiriyah University, Al-Qadisyia, Baghdad 10052, Iraq; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (P.W.); [email protected] (Y.R.) † These authors contributed equally to this paper. Abstract: The insecticidal activities of essential oils obtained from black pepper, eucalyptus, rose- mary, and tea tree and their binary combinations were investigated against the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Aphididae: Hemiptera), under laboratory and glasshouse conditions. All the tested essential oils significantly reduced and controlled the green peach aphid population and caused higher mortality. In this study, black pepper and tea tree pure essential oils were found to be an effective insecticide, with 80% mortality when used through contact application. However, for combinations of essential oils from black pepper + tea tree (BT) and rosemary + tea tree (RT) tested Citation: Ahmed, Q.; Agarwal, M.; as contact treatment, the mortality was 98.33%. The essential oil combinations exhibited synergistic Al-Obaidi, R.; Wang, P.; Ren, Y. and additive interactions for insecticidal activities. The combination of black pepper + tea tree, Evaluation of Aphicidal Effect of eucalyptus + tea tree (ET), and tea tree + rosemary showed enhanced activity, with synergy rates Essential Oils and Their Synergistic of 3.24, 2.65, and 2.74, respectively. -
Ricania Japonica (Hemiptera: Ricaniidae)]
Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Artvin Coruh University Orman Fakültesi Dergisi Journal of Forestry Faculty ISSN:2146-1880, e-ISSN: 2146-698X ISSN:2146-1880, e-ISSN: 2146-698X Yıl: 2019, Cilt: 20, Sayı:2, Sayfa:229-238 Year: 2019, Vol: 20, Issue: 2, Pages:229-238 ofd.artvin.edu.tr Effect of cultural management methods against fake butterfly [Ricania japonica (Hemiptera: Ricaniidae)] Yalancı kelebek [Ricania japonica (Hemiptera: Ricaniidae)]’e karşı bazi kültürel mücadele yöntemlerinin etkisi Kaan ALTAŞ1 , Kibar AK1 1Black Sea Agricultural Research Institute, Samsun, Turkey Eser Bilgisi / Article Info Abstract Araştırma makalesi / Research article This study was conducted between 2017 and 2018 to determine the cultural measures that are DOI: 10.17474/artvinofd.583374 applied in the control against Ricania japonica (Hemiptera: Ricaniidae), which has caused damage in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey for approximately 10 years as an important pest. Pests are Sorumlu yazar / Corresponding author widespread in this region but there is no other important pest that requires significant chemical Kibar AK control in crop plants, in particular tea plants. Furthermore, this pest population, whose population e-mail: [email protected] has grown since 2009, may cause significant losses in vegetables especially for traditional family needs Geliş tarihi / Received during its nymph period. The fact that vegetable fields have been almost interwened with tea plants 27.06.2019 and synthetic pesticides are not used in tea plant production, has caused us to focus on cultural Düzeltme tarihi / Received in revised form methods, which are among alternative pest-fighting methods. With this study, the purpose was to 04.09.2019 determine the effects of kaolin, refined salt and ash applications against the nymphs of the pests, and Kabul Tarihi / Accepted to investigate how to destroy the infected plant materials in which the pest lay eggs until the middle 10.10.2019 of May. -
Distribution Records of Aphids (Hemiptera: Phylloxeroidea, Aphidoidea) Associated with Main Forest-Forming Trees in Northern Europe
© Entomologica Fennica. 5 December 2012 Distribution records of aphids (Hemiptera: Phylloxeroidea, Aphidoidea) associated with main forest-forming trees in Northern Europe Andrey V. Stekolshchikov & Mikhail V. Kozlov Stekolshchikov, A. V.& Kozlov, M. V.2012: Distribution records of aphids (He- miptera: Phylloxeroidea, Aphidoidea) associated with main forest-forming trees in Northern Europe. — Entomol. Fennica 23: 206–214. We report records of 25 species of aphids collected from four species of woody plants (Pinus sylvestris, Picea abies, Betula pubescens and B. pendula)at50 study sites in Northern Europe, located from 59° to 70° N and from 10° to 60° E. Critical evaluation of earlier publications demonstrated that in spite of the obvi- ous limitations of our survey, the obtained information substantially contributed to the knowledge of the distribution of aphids in North European Russia, includ- ing Murmansk oblast (103 species recorded to date), Republic of Karelia (58 spe- cies), Arkhangelsk oblast (37 species), Vologda oblast (17 species) and Republic of Komi (29 species). We confirm the occurrence of Cinara nigritergi in South- ern Karelia; Pineus cembrae, Cinara pilosa and Monaphis antennata are for the first time recorded in Norway. A. V.Stekolshchikov, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Univer- sitetskaya nab. 1, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia; E-mail: [email protected] M. V. Kozlov, Section of Ecology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland; E-mail: [email protected] Received 2 February 2012, accepted 5 April 2012 1. Introduction cades (e.g., Albrecht 2012), no comparable data (with rare exceptions) exist for the northern parts Species distributions and, consequently, spatial of the European Russia. -
Insecticides - Development of Safer and More Effective Technologies
INSECTICIDES - DEVELOPMENT OF SAFER AND MORE EFFECTIVE TECHNOLOGIES Edited by Stanislav Trdan Insecticides - Development of Safer and More Effective Technologies http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/3356 Edited by Stanislav Trdan Contributors Mahdi Banaee, Philip Koehler, Alexa Alexander, Francisco Sánchez-Bayo, Juliana Cristina Dos Santos, Ronald Zanetti Bonetti Filho, Denilson Ferrreira De Oliveira, Giovanna Gajo, Dejane Santos Alves, Stuart Reitz, Yulin Gao, Zhongren Lei, Christopher Fettig, Donald Grosman, A. Steven Munson, Nabil El-Wakeil, Nawal Gaafar, Ahmed Ahmed Sallam, Christa Volkmar, Elias Papadopoulos, Mauro Prato, Giuliana Giribaldi, Manuela Polimeni, Žiga Laznik, Stanislav Trdan, Shehata E. M. Shalaby, Gehan Abdou, Andreia Almeida, Francisco Amaral Villela, João Carlos Nunes, Geri Eduardo Meneghello, Adilson Jauer, Moacir Rossi Forim, Bruno Perlatti, Patrícia Luísa Bergo, Maria Fátima Da Silva, João Fernandes, Christian Nansen, Solange Maria De França, Mariana Breda, César Badji, José Vargas Oliveira, Gleberson Guillen Piccinin, Alan Augusto Donel, Alessandro Braccini, Gabriel Loli Bazo, Keila Regina Hossa Regina Hossa, Fernanda Brunetta Godinho Brunetta Godinho, Lilian Gomes De Moraes Dan, Maria Lourdes Aldana Madrid, Maria Isabel Silveira, Fabiola-Gabriela Zuno-Floriano, Guillermo Rodríguez-Olibarría, Patrick Kareru, Zachaeus Kipkorir Rotich, Esther Wamaitha Maina, Taema Imo Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2013 InTech All chapters are Open Access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. -
Anatomical Investigations of the Male Reproductive System of Selected Species of Macrosiphini
Bulletin of Insectology 61 (1): 179, 2008 ISSN 1721-8861 Anatomical investigations of the male reproductive system of selected species of Macrosiphini Karina WIECZOREK Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland Abstract Histological sections and whole mount preparations of five species of Macrosiphini [Impatientinum asiaticum Nevsky, Hypero- myzus (Hyperomyzus) pallidus Hille Ris Lambers, Myzus (Myzus) cerasi (F.), Rhopalomyzus (Judenkoa) loniceare (Siebold) and Uroleucon obscurum (Koch)] were examined. Key words: Hemiptera, Aphidoidea, Aphididae, Macrosiphini, male reproductive system. In previous research on the structure of the male repro- References ductive system of aphids, about 70 species from various subfamilies have been described, mainly Lachninae BLACKMAN R. L., 1987.- Reproduction cytogenetics and de- (Wojciechowski, 1977), Chaitophorinae (Wieczorek and velopment, pp 163-191. In: Aphids, their biology, natural Wojciechowski, 2004), and Calaphidinae (Głowacka et. enemies and control (MINKS A. K., HARREWIJN P., Ed).- El- sevier, Amsterdam, The Netherland. al., 1974; Wieczorek and Wojciechowski, 2001; Wiec- BOCHEN K., KLIMASZEWSKI S. M., WOJCIECHOWSKI W., zorek, 2006). 1975.- Budowa męskiego układu rozrodczego Macrosipho- In contrast, Aphidinae are the largest and most diverse niella artemisiae (B.De Fonsc.) i M. millefolli (De Geer) group of aphids whose male reproductive system is least (Homoptera, Aphididae).- Acta Biologica Uniwersytet Slaski studied. In Pterocommatini the structure of the male re- w Katowicach, 90: 73-81. productive system has been analysed in Pterocomma GŁOWACKA E., KLIMASZEWSKI S. M., SZELEGIEWICZ H., WOJ- populeum (Kaltenbach) (Wieczorek and Wo- CIECHOWSKI W., 1974.- Uber den Bau des mannlichen Fort- jciechowski, 2005) and Pterocomma salicis (L.) (Wiec- pflanzungssystems der Aphiden (Homoptera, Aphidoidea).- zorek and Mróz, 2006), in Aphidini in Rhopalosiphum Annales Universitas Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, 29C: 133-138. -
(Aphelinidae, Hymenoptera) Parasitizing Myzus Persicae (Sulzer) Under Protected Cultivation
Journal of Biological Control, 26 (3): 283–284, 2012 Research Note Occurrence of Aphelinus asychis Walker (Aphelinidae, Hymenoptera) parasitizing Myzus persicae (Sulzer) under protected cultivation GAVKARE OMKAR* and KUMAR SURJEET Department of Entomology, CSK HPKV, Palampur 176 062, Himachal Pradesh, India * Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Aphelinus asychis Walker (Aphelinidae: Hymenoptera), a solitary endoparasitoid was recorded from Myzus persicae (Sulzer) infesting bell pepper Capsicum annuum L. under protected cultivation in India during December 2011. The per cent parasitisation ranged from 35 to 40% of population of M. persicae. KEY WORDS: Aphelinus asychis, Myzus persicae, endoparasitoid, protected cultivation (Article chronicle: Received: 31-5-2012 Revised: 23-8-2012 Accepted: 10-9-2012) Aphelinus asychis Walker (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) morphological studies, the parasitoids were mounted in is a solitary endoparasitoid of aphids and native to Old DPX and permanent slides were prepared which were World (Europe, Asia and Africa). It was introduced into observed under stereozoom microscope (SMZ 16, the United States from Asia, Europe and Africa for classical Olympus, Japan) equipped with a photo-micrograph biological control of the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis camera. Morphometric observations of the parasitoid noxia Mordivilko and the species is cosmopolitan now were also carried out using an ocular micrometer calibrated as a result of previous introductions (Hayat 1998; Elliott with a stage micrometer. The adult parasitoid was a et al., 1999). This species parasitizes different hosts at tiny black wasp with an average length and breadth of different geographical locations. At least 42 species of 1.50 mm and 0.54 mm respectively. -
Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from Morocco and Comparison with North Africa Region Fauna 55 Khadija Kissayi, Souâd Benhalima and Moulay Chrif Smaili
Journal of Entomology and Nematology Volume 9 Number 7, December 2017 ISSN 2006-9855 ABOUT JEN The Journal of Entomology and Nematology (JEN) (ISSN: 2006-9855) is published monthly (one volume per year) by Academic Journals. Journal of Entomology and Nematology (JEN) is an open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as applications of entomology in solving crimes, taxonomy and control of insects and arachnids, changes in the spectrum of mosquito-borne diseases etc. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published shortly after acceptance. All articles published in JEN are peer-reviewed. Contact Us Editorial Office: [email protected] Help Desk: [email protected] Website: http://www.academicjournals.org/journal/JEN Submit manuscript online http://ms.academicjournals.me/ Associate Editors Editor Dr. Sam Manohar Das Dept. of PG studies and Research Centre in Zoology, Scott Christian College (Autonomous), Prof. Mukesh K. Dhillon Nagercoil – 629 003, ICRISAT Kanyakumari District,India GT-Biotechnology, ICRISAT, Patancheru 502 324, Andhra Pradesh, Dr. Leonardo Gomes India UNESP Av. 24A, n 1515, Depto de Biologia, IB, Zip Code: Dr. Lotfalizadeh Hosseinali 13506-900, Department of Insect Taxonomy Rio Claro, SP, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection Brazil. Tehran, P. O. B. 19395-1454, Iran Dr. J. Stanley Vivekananda Institute of Hill Agriculture Prof. Liande Wang Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Almora– Faculty of Plant Protection, 263601, Uttarakhand, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University India Fuzhou, 350002, P.R. China Dr. Ramesh Kumar Jain Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Dr. -
1 Large-Scale Geographic Survey Provides Insights Into the Colonization History of a Major
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.11.421644; this version posted December 14, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 1 Large-scale geographic survey provides insights into the colonization history of a major 2 aphid pest on its cultivated apple host in Europe, North America and North Africa 3 4 Olvera-Vazquez S.G.1, Remoué C.1, Venon A.1, Rousselet A.1, Grandcolas O.1, Azrine M.1, 5 Momont L.1, Galan M.2, L. Benoit2, David G.3, Alhmedi A.4, Beliën T.4, Alins G.5, Franck 6 P.6, Haddioui A.7, Jacobsen S.K.8, Andreev R.9, Simon S.10, Sigsgaard L. 8, Guibert E.11, 7 Tournant L.12, Gazel F.13, Mody K.14, Khachtib Y. 7, Roman A.15, Ursu T.M.15, Zakharov I.A. 8 16, Belcram H.1, Harry M.17, Roth M.18, Simon J.C.19, Oram S.20, Ricard J.M.11, Agnello A.21, 9 Beers E. H.22, Engelman J.23, Balti I.24, Salhi-Hannachi A24, Zhang H.25, Tu H. 25, Mottet C.26, 10 Barrès B.26, Degrave A.27, Razmjou J. 28, Giraud T.3, Falque M.1, Dapena E.29, Miñarro, M.29, 11 Jardillier L.3, Deschamps P.3, Jousselin E.2, Cornille, A.1 12 13 1. Université Paris Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, GQE - Le Moulon, 91190 14 Gif-sur-Yvette, France 15 2. -
A Note on Pauesia Konoi (Watanabe) (Hymenoptera : Aphidiidae)
Title A note on Pauesia konoi (Watanabe) (Hymenoptera : Aphidiidae) Author(s) Watanabe, Chihisa; Takada, Hajimu Citation Insecta matsumurana, 27(1), 11-11 Issue Date 1964-08 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/9713 Type bulletin (article) File Information 27(1)_p11-11.pdf Instructions for use Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP July, 1964] INSECTA MATSUMURANA 11 Selected literature Mackauer, M., 1959. Die europaischen Arten der Gattungen Praon und Areopraon (Hym. Bracon idae, Aphidiinae). Ein monographische Revision. Beitr. Ent. 9: 810-865. Mackauer, M., 1961. Die Typen der Unterfamilie Aphidiinae des Britischen Museums London. Beitr. Ent. 11: 96-154. Narayanan, E. S., B. R. Subba Rao, A. K. Sharma & P. Stary, 1962. Revision of "A Catalogue of the known Species of the World belonging to the Subfamily Aphidiinae" (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Beitr. Ent. 12: 662-720. A NOTE ON PAUESIA KONOI (WATANABE) (HYMENOPTERA : APHIDIIDAE) By CHIHISA WATANABE and HAJIMU TAKADA As a supplement to the original description of Aphidius konoi Watanabe a brief note will be given below. Pauesia konoi (Watanabe) Aphidius konoi Watanabe, Ins. Mats. 15: 106, i\, 1941. Paraphidius konoi: Stary, Acta Faun. Ent. Mus. Nat. Pragae 6: 35, 1960. Pauesia konoi: Narayanan et aJ., Beitr. Ent. 12: 691, 1962. Specimens examined: 400 (types of Aphidius konoi); 59«,10, 23-v-62, Yuni, Hok kaido, Watanabe leg.; 3099, 2000, 24-v-62, Yuni, Takada leg.; 1399,700, 18-v-63, 499, 200, 25-v-63, Naganuma, Hokkaido, Takada leg. All specimens were reared from Cinara longipennis (Matsumura) living in Abies sachalinensis. <f. The female of this species _was not previously known; it agrees closely with the original description of the male, apart from usual sex~al differences, except as follows; Antennae with 27-29 segments [27 (159 <f), 28 (33), 29 (2)], being 2.8-4.4 mm. -
UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA, IRVINE the Effects of Climate Change and Biodiversity Loss on Mutualisms DISSERTATION Submitted In
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, IRVINE The effects of climate change and biodiversity loss on mutualisms DISSERTATION submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology by Annika S. Nelson Dissertation Committee: Professor Kailen A. Mooney, Chair Professor Diane R. Campbell Professor Matthew E.S. Bracken 2019 Chapters 1 and 2 © 2019 John Wiley and Sons All other materials © 2019 Annika S. Nelson DEDICATION To My parents, for fostering my love for science and the outdoors from a young age. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF FIGURES iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS v CURRICULUM VITAE vi ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION viii INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER 1: Elevational cline in herbivore abundance driven by a monotonic increase 5 in trophic-level sensitivity to aridity APPENDIX 1A: Field site locations 30 APPENDIX 1B: Relationships between climatic variables across sites 32 APPENDIX 1C: Summary of statistical analyses 36 CHAPTER 2: Progressive sensitivity of trophic levels to warming underlies an 40 elevational gradient in ant-aphid mutualism strength APPENDIX 2A: Summary of variables measured and statistical analyses 67 APPENDIX 2B: Effects of mean summer temperature on the ant-aphid mutualism 71 APPENDIX 2C: Ant abundance, ant stable isotopes, and natural enemy abundance 75 CHAPTER 3: Sequential but not simultaneous mutualist diversity increases partner 77 fitness APPENDIX 3A: Summary of weather data during each census interval 100 APPENDIX 3B: Integral projection model structure and vital -
Aphid-Parasitoid (Insecta) Diversity and Trophic Interactions in South Dakota
Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Science, Vol. 97 (2018) 83 APHID-PARASITOID (INSECTA) DIVERSITY AND TROPHIC INTERACTIONS IN SOUTH DAKOTA Abigail P. Martens* and Paul J. Johnson Insect Biodiversity Lab South Dakota State University Brookings, SD 57007 *Corresponding author email: [email protected] ABSTRACT Parasitoid wasps of the subfamily Aphidiinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) specialize on aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) as hosts. The diversity of known and probable aphidiine wasps from South Dakota is itemized, with represen- tation by 13 genera and 42 species, 43% of which are probably adventitious. The wasps and aphids are central to various combinations of multitrophic relationships involving host plants and secondary parasitoids. Selected native and introduced aphid host taxa were quantitatively and qualitatively collected from diverse native and crop host plants in eastern South Dakota and western Iowa. Wasps were reared to confirm plant association, host aphid association, taxonomic diversity, and native or introduced status of the wasps. Acanthocaudus tissoti (Smith) and Aphidius (Aphidius) ohioensis (Smith) were found together on the native aphid Uroleucon (Uroleucon) nigrotuberculatum (Olive), a new host aphid species for both wasps on Solidago canadensis L. (Asterales: Asteraceae). The native waspLysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson) was repeatedly reared in mas- sive numbers from mummies of invasive Aphis glycines Matsumura on soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. This wasp was also reared from the non-nativeAphis nerii Boyer de Fonscolombe and the native Aphis asclepiadis Fitch, both on Asclepias syriaca L. The introduced wasp Binodoxys communis (Gahan) was not recovered from any Aphis glycines population. Hyperparasitoids from the genus Dendrocerus Ratzeburg (Hymenoptera: Megaspilidae), and the pteromalid (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) genera Asaphes Walker, and Pachyneuron Walker were reared from mummies of Uroleucon (Uroleucon) nigrotuberculatum parasitized by either Acanthocaudus tissoti or Aphidius (Aphidius) ohioensis. -
Coccinellidae)
ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOUR OF THE LADYBIRD BEETLES (COCCINELLIDAE) Edited by I. Hodek, H.E van Emden and A. Honek ©WILEY-BLACKWELL A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication CONTENTS Detailed contents, ix 8. NATURAL ENEMIES OF LADYBIRD BEETLES, 375 Contributors, xvii Piotr Ccryngier. Helen E. Roy and Remy L. Poland Preface, xviii 9. COCCINELLIDS AND [ntroduction, xix SEMIOCHEMICALS, 444 ]an Pettcrsson Taxonomic glossary, xx 10. QUANTIFYING THE IMPACT OF 1. PHYLOGENY AND CLASSIFICATION, 1 COCCINELLIDS ON THEIR PREY, 465 Oldrich Nedved and Ivo Kovdf /. P. Mid'laud and James D. Harwood 2. GENETIC STUDIES, 13 11. COCCINELLIDS IN BIOLOGICAL John J. Sloggett and Alois Honek CONTROL, 488 /. P. Midland 3. LIFE HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT, 54 12. RECENT PROGRESS AND POSSIBLE Oldrkli Nedved and Alois Honek FUTURE TRENDS IN THE STUDY OF COCCINELLIDAE, 520 4. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITATS, 110 Helmut /; van Emden and Ivo Hodek Alois Honek Appendix: List of Genera in Tribes and Subfamilies, 526 5. FOOD RELATIONSHIPS, 141 Ivo Hodek and Edward W. Evans Oldrich Nedved and Ivo Kovdf Subject index. 532 6. DIAPAUSE/DORMANCY, 275 Ivo Hodek Colour plate pages fall between pp. 250 and pp. 251 7. INTRAGUILD INTERACTIONS, 343 Eric Lucas VII DETAILED CONTENTS Contributors, xvii 1.4.9 Coccidulinae. 8 1.4.10 Scymninae. 9 Preface, xviii 1.5 Future Perspectives, 10 References. 10 Introduction, xix Taxonomic glossary, xx 2. GENETIC STUDIES, 13 John J. Sloggett and Alois Honek 1. PHYLOGENY AND CLASSIFICATION, 1 2.1 Introduction, 14 Oldrich Nedved and Ivo Kovdf 2.2 Genome Size. 14 1.1 Position of the Family. 2 2.3 Chromosomes and Cytology.