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Girls and Violence: the Case for a Feminist Theory of Female Violence
www.crimejusticejournal.com IJCJ 2013 2(2): 63‐79 ISSN 2202–8005 Girls and Violence: The Case for a Feminist Theory of Female Violence Kerry Carrington Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane Abstract Rises recorded for girls’ violence in countries like Australia, Canada, United Kingdom and United States have been hotly contested. One view is these rising rates of violence are an artefact of new forms of policy, policing, criminalisation and social control over young women. Another view is that young women may indeed have become more violent as they have increasingly participated in youth subcultural activities involving gangs and drugs, and cyber‐cultural activities that incite and reward girls’ violence. Any comprehensive explanation will need to address how a complex interplay of cultural, social, behavioural, and policy responses contribute to these rises. This article argues that there is no singular cause, explanation or theory that accounts for the rises in adolescent female violence, and that many of the simple explanations circulating in popular culture are driven by an anti‐feminist ideology. By concentrating on females as victims of violence and very rarely as perpetrators, feminist criminology has for the most part ducked the thorny issue of female violence, leaving a discursive space for anti‐feminist sentiment to reign. The article concludes by arguing the case for developing a feminist theory of female violence. Keywords Female delinquency, feminist criminology, female violence, narrowing gender gap. Global rises in female violence While males still dominate crime statistics as offenders and prisoners, a body of international and national trend data points to a consistent narrowing of the gender gap for officially reported crime and violence in countries like the United States (US), Canada, the United Kingdom (UK) and Australia. -
The Abu Ghraib Convictions: a Miscarriage of Justice
Buffalo Public Interest Law Journal Volume 32 Article 4 9-1-2013 The Abu Ghraib Convictions: A Miscarriage of Justice Robert Bejesky Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.buffalo.edu/bpilj Part of the Human Rights Law Commons, and the Military, War, and Peace Commons Recommended Citation Robert Bejesky, The Abu Ghraib Convictions: A Miscarriage of Justice, 32 Buff. Envtl. L.J. 103 (2013). Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.buffalo.edu/bpilj/vol32/iss1/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at Digital Commons @ University at Buffalo School of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Buffalo Public Interest Law Journal by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ University at Buffalo School of Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE ABU GHRAIB CONVICTIONS: A MISCARRIAGE OF JUSTICE ROBERT BEJESKYt I. INTRODUCTION ..................... ..... 104 II. IRAQI DETENTIONS ...............................107 A. Dragnet Detentions During the Invasion and Occupation of Iraq.........................107 B. Legal Authority to Detain .............. ..... 111 C. The Abuse at Abu Ghraib .................... 116 D. Chain of Command at Abu Ghraib ..... ........ 119 III. BASIS FOR CRIMINAL CULPABILITY ..... ..... 138 A. Chain of Command ....................... 138 B. Systemic Influences ....................... 140 C. Reduced Rights of Military Personnel and Obedience to Authority ................ ..... 143 D. Interrogator Directives ................ .... -
A Decade After Abu Ghraib: Lessons in Softening up the Enemy and Sex-Based Humiliation
Minnesota Journal of Law & Inequality Volume 31 Issue 1 Article 1 June 2013 A Decade after Abu Ghraib: Lessons in Softening Up the Enemy and Sex-Based Humiliation Johanna Bond Follow this and additional works at: https://lawandinequality.org/ Recommended Citation Johanna Bond, A Decade after Abu Ghraib: Lessons in Softening Up the Enemy and Sex-Based Humiliation, 31(1) LAW & INEQ. 1 (2013). Available at: https://scholarship.law.umn.edu/lawineq/vol31/iss1/1 Minnesota Journal of Law & Inequality is published by the University of Minnesota Libraries Publishing. 1 A Decade After Abu Ghraib: Lessons In "Softening Up" The Enemy and Sex-Based Humiliation Johanna Bondi Introduction In April 2004, many in the United States and around the world watched with horror as the now-infamous photographs of torture and abuse at Abu Ghraib Prison emerged. The photos depicted images of U.S. soldiers engaged in torture and cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment.! Among other things, the photos documented the sexual abuse and humiliation of Iraqi detainees in the prison.' The photographs depict naked detainees, some of whom were forced to engage in sex acts or simulated sex acts.3 Sworn statements of the detainees at Abu Ghraib reveal a pattern of abuse and degradation, including "details of how they were sexually humiliated and assaulted, threatened with rape, t. Johanna Bond, Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and Associate Professor of Law, Washington & Lee University School of Law. 1. Joshua L. Dratel, The Legal Narrative,in THE TORTURE PAPERS: THE ROAD To ABU GHRAIB xxi (Karen J. Greenberg & Joshua L. -
War on Terrorism
1 The U.S. War on Terror Alex Danchev ‘America is at war,’ reminded the President recently, when the latest plot against America was revealed. This state of war is codified in ‘The National Security Strategy of the United States’, issued from the White House, not to mention ‘The National Defense Strategy of the United States’, issued from the Pentagon.1 George W. Bush is the self-styled war president and self-willed commander-in-chief. As those who have hitched themselves to his chariot have discovered (‘Yo Blair’), what he says goes. ‘I’m the commander, see, I don’t need to explain – I do not need to explain why I say things. That’s the interesting thing about being the president.’2 In an era when wars are commonly supposed to be undeclared – when war itself is a word that dare not speak its name – the ‘global war on terror’ suffers if anything from a surfeit of declaration. The GWOT is among other things a war of words, and acronyms, a war of characterization and mischaracterization. Some of these words are new (‘PUC’),3 or combined in gruesome neologism (‘extraordinary rendition’); some are shop-soiled (‘values’); some are deliberately anodyne (‘detainee’); some are hyperbolic, yet curiously reversible (‘civilization’, ‘barbarian’); some are almost unpronounceable (‘torture’). The National Security Strategy characterizes it as both a war of arms and a war of ideas.4 That appears to be a serviceable enough distinction, as far as it goes, but it has the effect of underwriting a propensity to elevate the former and relegate the latter, at least when it comes to priorities for action and resource allocation. -
ABU GHRAIB and the COMMEMORATIVE VIOLENCE of WAR TROPHY PHOTOGRAPHY by Joey Brooke Jakob Master of Arts, University of Manitob
ABU GHRAIB AND THE COMMEMORATIVE VIOLENCE OF WAR TROPHY PHOTOGRAPHY by Joey Brooke Jakob Master of Arts, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada, 2008 Bachelor of Arts, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Canada, 2004 A Dissertation presented to Ryerson University and York University in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the joint program in Communication and Culture Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 2017 ©Joey Brooke Jakob 2017 AUTHOR’S DECLARATION AUTHOR'S DECLARATION FOR ELECTRONIC SUBMISSION OF A DISSERTATION I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this dissertation. This is a true copy of the dissertation, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I authorize Ryerson University to lend this dissertation to other institutions or individuals for the purpose of scholarly research. I further authorize Ryerson University to reproduce this dissertation by photocopying or by other means, in total or in part, at the request of other institutions or individuals for the purpose of scholarly research. I understand that my dissertation may be made electronically available to the public. ii ABSTRACT ABU GHRAIB AND THE COMMEMORATIVE VIOLENCE OF WAR TROPHY PHOTOGRAPHY Joey Brooke Jakob Doctor of Philosophy Communication and Culture Ryerson University and York University, 2017 The photographs from the Abu Ghraib scandal are horrific, but they are also understandable. Simply put, the Abu Ghraib photos are purposeful compositions that highlight victory over the enemy Other in war. The photos illustrate sexual and racial violence, founded upon postcolonial narratives, but this is only a starting point for their significance. I address how meaning is made for the U.S. -
The Abu Ghraib Scandal: Visual Performances of American Power
THE ABU GHRAIB SCANDAL: VISUAL PERFORMANCES OF AMERICAN POWER by CARISSA CHAN B.A., University of Alberta, 2001 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (Sociology) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA July 2006 © Carissa Chan, 2006 ABSTRACT On April 28, 2004, disturbing photographs capturing the abuse of Iraqi prisoners by American soldiers were aired on the CBS news program "60 Minutes II" (Levi Strauss, 2004: 87). The photographs depicted events that took place in October 2003 at the Abu Ghraib prison outside of Baghdad, Iraq. The presentation and preservation of the acts on fdm served as a "public ritual of mortification and a visual marker of humiliation" (Giroux, 2004: 790) of the detainees by the American military. This analysis supplements the wealth of information on the transmission of ideologies through discourse with a focus on visual representation, specifically with regards to the Abu Ghraib scandal, but also in the broader context of the war on Iraq. The American state, military and media were complicit in the production and circulation of the myth of freedom and democracy in order to garner and preserve public support for the war. I explore how the ideological justifications leading up to the war were depicted through particular details in the photos and how these became subject to later debate and discussion in the aftermath of world-wide circulation. According to court testimonies of the soldiers, the images were circulated around the Abu Ghraib prison to function as sources of psychological humiliation and intimidation. -
Congressional Record United States Th of America PROCEEDINGS and DEBATES of the 109 CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION
E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 109 CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION Vol. 151 WASHINGTON, TUESDAY, MAY 10, 2005 No. 60 House of Representatives The House met at 12:30 p.m. clusions reached about Iraq’s weapons committees that deal with intelligence f of mass destruction programs. matters now. The committee could gar- The 9/11 Commission took the first ner input from various groups includ- MORNING HOUR DEBATES step in identifying what ails the intel- ing the intelligence community, other The SPEAKER. Pursuant to the ligence community, by pointing out governmental organizations such as order of the House of January 4, 2005, that it’s a community in name only. It CRO, CBO and GAO, and from outside the Chair will now recognize Members needs centralized direction and coordi- groups such as think tanks, former from lists submitted by the majority nation. The intelligence reform bill Members of Congress, and experts in and minority leaders for morning hour Congress enacted last year establishes the field. debates. The Chair will alternate rec- a director of national intelligence and Moreover, both the 9/11 Commission ognition between the parties, with each tries to address this problem. and the Robb-Silverman Commission party limited to not to exceed 30 min- I also believe that Congress did not made suggestions about how Congress utes, and each Member except the ma- challenge the intelligence community should reform itself to do a better job jority leader, the minority leader or aggressively enough before we invaded with intelligence issues. -
Standard Operating Procedure
Presents STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE A film by Errol Morris (117 mins, USA, 2008) Distribution Publicity Bonne Smith 1028 Queen Street West Star PR Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M6J 1H6 Tel: 416-488-4436 Tel: 416-516-9775 Fax: 416-516-0651 Fax: 416-488-8438 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] www.mongrelmedia.com High res stills may be downloaded from http://www.mongrelmedia.com/press.html 2 STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE Sony Pictures Classics and Participant Productions Present An Errol Morris Film Music by Danny Elfman, Production Designer, Steve Hardie, Edited by Andy Grieve, Steven Hathaway, and Dan Mooney Directors of Photography, Robert Chappell & Robert Richardson, ASC Executive Producers, Jeff Skoll, Diane Weyermann, Martin Levin, Julia Sheehan, and Robert Fernandez Produced by Julie Bilson Ahlberg Produced & Directed by Errol Morris 3 STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE Director’s Statement Is it possible for a photograph to change the world? Photographs taken by soldiers in Abu Ghraib prison changed the war in Iraq and changed America’s image of itself. Yet, a central mystery remains. Did the notorious Abu Ghraib photographs constitute evidence of systematic abuse by the American military, or were they documenting the aberrant behavior of a few “bad apples”? We set out to examine the context of these photographs. Why were they taken? What was happening outside the frame? We talked directly to the soldiers who took the photographs and who were in the photographs. Who are these people? What were they thinking? Over two years of investigation, we amassed a million and a half words of interview transcript, thousands of pages of unredacted reports, and hundreds of photographs. -
Tosca and the Ticking Time Bomb
HUMAN RIGHTS Tosca and the ticking time bomb 56 REFUGEE TRANSITIONS • ISSUE 33 HUMAN RIGHTS GEOFFREY ROBERTSON QC is a human rights barrister, author, academic and broadcaster. He is the founder and joint head of Doughty Street Chambers. He was made an officer of the order of Australia in 2018. This is a complementary chapter of his book “Dreaming Too Loud” TOSCA AND THE TICKING TIME BOMB 57 orture,’ said Fortescue, a But not so fast. Let’s update Puccini. Suppose Scarpia sixteenth-century English is ‘one of us’ (dress him as Donald Rumsfeld) while jurist, ‘is something that is Andreotti is an ‘enemy combatant’ recently escaped from done by the French.’ And it Guantanamo, and last seen being equipped in some way was, for centuries after 1641, by a sacristan – sorry, mullah – in Act I, which is set in the year parliament abolished the local mosque. Are our sympathies now, ever so the‘T king’s ‘Star Chamber’, with its brandings and slightly, with the judge who – in a legal process advocated pilloryings and ear-splittings. A proud tradition in by Alan Dershowitz – nods for the torture to start and England, but too good for the colonies, where the British picks up his pen to record the expected confession? Put army tortured relentlessly in Oman and Malaysia and Tosca in a burqa, give Cavaradossi a few flying lessons Kenya, and later in Basra. in Florida, and the audience may wish, ever so faintly, The US was orsew after 9/11 with its secret rendition to bring back Lynndie England and the alsatians fresh program, which ferried terrorist suspects to secret cells from Abu Ghraib. -
Taguba Report
ARTICLE 15-6 INVESTIGATION OF THE 800th MILITARY POLICE BRIGADE SECRET/NO FOREIGN DISSEMINATION TABLE OF CONTENTS References ……………………………………………………………….. 3 Background …………………………………………………………….. 6 Assessment of DoD Counter-Terrorism Interrogation and Detention Operations In Iraq (MG Miller’s Assessment).……….…………………………….. 8 IO Comments on MG Miller’s Assessment..……………………………. 8 Report on Detention and Corrections In Iraq (MG Ryder’s Report)…………………………….……………… 9 IO Comments on MG Ryder’s Report…...……………….…………….. 12 Preliminary Investigative Actions ………………………..…………….. 12 Findings and Recommendations Part One (Detainee Abuse). ……………………………………………. 15 Findings ………………………………………………………… 15 Recommendations ……………………………………………… 20 Part Two (Escapes and Accountability) ………………………………... 22 Findings ………………………………………………………… 22 Recommendations. …………………………………………….. 31 Part Three (Command Climate, Etc…). ………………………………... 34 Findings ………………………………………………………… 36 Recommendations ……………………………………………… 44 Other Findings/Observations …………………………………………... 49 Conclusion ……………………………………………………………… 50 Annexes ………………………………………………………………… 51 2 References 1. Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, 12 August 1949 2. Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in the Armed Forces in the Field, 12 August 1949 3. Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded, Sick and Shipwrecked Members of Armed Forces at Sea, 12 August 1949 4. Geneva Convention Protocol Relative to the Status of Refugees, 1967 5. Geneva Convention Relative to the Status of Refugees, 1951 6. Geneva Convention for the Protection of War Victims, 12 August 1949 7. Geneva Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, 12 August 1949 8. DOD Directive 5100.69, “DOD Program for Prisoners of War and other Detainees,” 27 December 1972 9. DOD Directive 5100.77 “DOD Law of War Program,” 10 July 1979 10. STANAG No. 2044, Procedures for Dealing with Prisoners of War (PW) (Edition 5), 28 June 1994 11. -
Case 1:08-Cv-00827-GBL-JFA Document 254 Filed 04/04/13 Page 1 of 55 Pageid# 3263
Case 1:08-cv-00827-GBL-JFA Document 254 Filed 04/04/13 Page 1 of 55 PageID# 3263 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR TilE EASTERN DISTRICT OF VIRGINIA SUIIAIL NAJIM. ABDULLAII AL SHIMARI ) CIVIL ACTION TAHA YASEEN ARRAQ RASII1D ) NO. 08-cv-0827 GBL-JFA ASAAI) IIAMZA FIANFOOSI'I AL-ZUBA'E CIVIL COMPLAINT SALAEI LIASAN NSAIF JASIM AT.,-EJAILI JURY DEMAND Plaintiffs, REDACTEI) PUBLIC VERSION V. CAC PREMIER TECHNOLOGY, INC. 11 00 North (ilchc Road Arlington, Virginia 22201 Defendant. THIRD AMENDED COMPLAINT Plaintiffs are thur Iraqi civilians who were victims of the Abu Ghraib prison abuse scandal. As was well-publicized in the spring of 2004, detainees at the "Hard Site" within Abe Ghraib prison were brutally tortured and otherwise seriously abused by persons conspiring and otherwise acting together. Included among the conspirators inflicting severe pain on Plaintiffs were employees of a defense contractor commonly known as "CAC." Indeed, according to testimony and statements by military co-conspirators, CACI employees Steven Stcfiinowicz (commonly known as "Big Steve"), Daniel Johnson (commonly known as "DJ") and Timothy Dugan directed and caused much of the egregious torture and abuse at Abu Ghraib. JURISDICTION AND VENUE 2. This Court has original jurisdiction over the subject matter of this action pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1331 (federal question); 28 U.S.C. § 1332 (diversity jurisdiction); 28 U.S.C. § 1350 (Alien Tort Statute); and 28 U.S.C. § 1367 (supplemental jurisdiction). 6053919v.i Case 1:08-cv-00827-GBL-JFA Document 254 Filed 04/04/13 Page 2 of 55 PageID# 3264 3. -
The Abu Ghraib Prison Photos (Warning: Graphic Photos Below) (Updated)
C 0 5 9 5 0 7 2 2 Photos wYsiwyg://54/http://antiwat.printthis.c1.,.Pnews%2P/o3Fartioleid%3D2444&partnerlD=17 ANTI it,'zt ARZ PR NTTH S April 30, 2004 The Abu Ghraib Prison Photos (warning: graphic photos below) (updated) It's the "liberation" of the Iraqi people — and it isn't pretty.... These are just some of the photos that led to an investigation into conditions at the Abu Ghraib prison, once Saddam's torture palace, and now run by the occupation authorities, as revealed in a shocking report broadcast by CBS on 6o Minutes II. Brig. Gen. Janice Karpinski, in charge of the occupiers' detention facilities throughout Iraq, has been dismissed from her post, and 6 U.S. soldiers face charges. "This is international standards," said Karpinski, in an earlier interview with CBS, "It's the best care available in a prison facility." Anybody can see that.... Below, Brigadier-General Janis Karpinski, who was responsible for military jails in Iraq, and has now been suspended in the abuse probe, meets with Donald Rumsfeld. And even more disturbing screen shots made available from Global Free Press via TheMemoryHole. These images are from the 6o Minutes II broadcast. CBS says that it has twelve of these photographs, though there are dozens more. Among them: The Army has photographs that show a detainee with wires attached to his genitals. Another shows a dog attacking an Iraqi prisoner. "6o Minutes" Logo Copyright CBS News: Reprinted for Fair Use Find this article at: http://wvvw.antiwarcorn/news/?artIc e d=2444 ry) 1 of 2 ACLU-RDI p.1 5/3/04 4:22 PM CO5950722, phot„ wysiwyg://54/http://antiwar.printthis.cl...Foews%2F%3Fortioleid%3D2444&partnerID=17 D Check the box to include the list of links referenced In the article.