Western Cape Government Provincial Treasury
Socio-economic Profile Overberg District
2014
Working paper
To obtain additional information of this document, please contact:
Western Cape Provincial Treasury Local Government Budget Office Private Bag X9165 7 Wale Street Cape Town tel: +27 21 483 3386 fax: +27 21 483 4680
This publication is available online at www.westerncape.gov.za
Overberg District
Contents
Overberg District at a glance 1 Introduction 3 1. Demographics 4 2. Education 5 3. Health 6 4. Poverty 8 5. Safety and security 10 6. Access to basic services 11 7. Economy 11 8. Employment 14 9. Environment 15 10. Concluding remarks 17 Appendix: Socio-economic snapshot 19
Tables
Table 1 Education attainment levels 5 Table 2 Healthcare facilities 6 Table 3 HIV/AIDS and TB treatment and care 7 Table 4 Child and maternal health 8 Table 5 Access to minimum basic services, 2011 - 2013 11 Table 6 Overberg District real GDPR growth in provincial 13 perspective, 2010 - 2013 (%) Table 7 Environmental indicators in the Overberg District, 2014 15
Figures Figure 1 Western Cape districts population as a percentage of the 4 Province Figure 2 Overberg District - Population by age cohort (2013) 4 Figure 3 Poverty rates across Western Cape districts 9 Figure 4 GDP per capita in the Western Cape Province 2001 vs 9 2011 Figure 5 Crime rates in Overberg District, 2004/05 to 2013/14 10 Figure 6 Municipal contribution to real GDPR growth and size in the 12 Province Figure 7 Overberg District sectoral contribution, 2013 (%) 13 Figure 8 Western Cape unemployment rates, 2001 - 2011 14 Figure 9 Net employment in the Overberg District, 2000 - 2013 15
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Overberg District
Overberg District at a glance
POPULATION Population size (2013) 265 858 Share of provincial population (2013) 4.4 per cent Average annual population growth 2001 - 2013 2.3 per cent ECONOMY Gross Domestic Product 2013 (2005 constant prices) Share of provincial economy R13.3 billion 3.1 per cent
Real GDPR growth rate Top 3 contributing sectors (GVA) 10.0% Finance, insurance, real estate and business services (26%) 8.0% Wholesale and retail trade, catering and accommodation (17.1%) 6.0% General government (12.1%) 4.0% Real GDPR growth yoy % per sector 2.0% Trend Recovery 0.0% Sector 2000 - 2013 2010 - 2013 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Agriculture -0.4 0.6 -2.0% Manufacturing 5.7 2.6 South Africa Western Cape Overberg Services 6.0 4.4
LABOUR MARKET
Unemployment rate Net employment (number) 2000 - 2013 45 40 35 -13 550 Agriculture 30 25 20 15 Manufacturing 370 10 5 0 Western Overberg South Africa Cape Services 13 740 2001 17.5 26.2 41.6 2011 17 21.6 29.8 -20 000 -10 000 0 10 000 20 000
DEVELOPMENT ACCESS TO BASIC SERVICES, 2013
Water Overberg Western 100% Indicator District Cape 90% 80% Literacy rate (2011) 81.1% 87.2% Housing 70% Sanitation 60% 50% Poverty rate (2010) 30% 22.1%
Human Development Index 0.69 0.68 Refuse (2012) Energy Removal Gini coefficient (2012) 0.58 0.58 Western Cape Overberg District
1
Overberg District
Introduction
Regional profiles provide the Western Cape municipalities with data and information which may assist in planning, budgeting and the prioritisation of municipal services. It is acknowledged that municipalities across the Western Cape have different capacities and therefore will use the information in this publication to suit their own needs.
The areas covered in this profile include information on demographics, education, health, crime, poverty, housing, municipal services, labour force, economy and environmental management. Furthermore, the population projections 2013 – 2017, updated administrative data relating to health, education and South African Police Service Crime Statistics are updates from the Socio-economic Profile (SEP-LG) 2013. These updates complement Chapter 7: Socio-economic analysis and economic performance of the Municipal Economic Review and Outlook (MERO) 2014 which was published in October 2014.
The indicators reflect the socio-economic reality of municipalities. As such valuable insight can be gained as to the developmental challenges faced by communities residing within a specific geographical area.
This profile uses data primarily sourced from Statistics South Africa, administrative data from sector departments, the MERO, Global Insight Regional Explorer and Quantec. The data sourced from sector departments are the most recent that is available. The latest survey data available at municipal level from Statistics South Africa include the 2011 Census; whilst comparisons are also made with the 2001 Census.
The format of the profiles has been adjusted to focus the analysis at regional/district level whilst municipal specific profiles will also be made available separately.
The information contained in this profile therefore highlights information for the Overberg District in relation to the broader Western Cape Province.
3 Socio-economic Profile 2014
1. Demographics
Figure 1 displays the population across the different regions in the Western Cape Province. The 2011 Census estimated the population size of the Western Cape at 5.8 million people, up by 28.7 per cent from 4.5 million people in the 2001 Census. According to population estimates by the Department of Social Development, the most populous regions in 2013 are the City of Cape Town with 3.8 million people (64.2 per cent), followed by the Cape Winelands District with 810 617 people (13.6 per cent). The Overberg District ranks fifth, with 265 858 people or 4.4 per cent of the Province’s population residing in this region.
Figure 1 Western Cape districts population as a percentage of the Province
70.0% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% City of Cape Cape West Coast Overberg Eden Central Karoo Town Winelands 2011 64.2% 6.7% 13.5% 4.4% 9.9% 1.2% 2012 64.2% 6.7% 13.6% 4.4% 9.8% 1.2% 2013 64.2% 6.8% 13.6% 4.4% 9.8% 1.2% 2014 64.2% 6.8% 13.5% 4.5% 9.8% 1.2%
Source: Department of Social Development (2014)
In terms of age distribution, Figure 2 below shows that 67.3 per cent of the Overberg District population are aged between 15 and 64, the Working age or economically active age group, while 23.9 per cent are aged between 0 - 15, and only 8.8 per cent are elderly, aged above 65 years.
Figure 2 Overberg District - Population by age cohort (2013)
Aged (65+ years) Children 8.8% (0 - 14 years) 23.9%
Working age (15 - 64 years) 67.3%
Source: Department of Social Development (2014)
4 Overberg District
2. Education
According to 2011 literacy rates, the provincial average was 87.2 per cent, and the City of Cape Town was the only region that had a rate higher than that of the province as a whole. The Overberg District had a literacy rate of 81.1 per cent in 2011, which was higher than that of the West Coast (79.1 per cent) and Central Karoo (73.4 per cent) but lower than that of Eden (82.6 per cent) and Cape Winelands (81.7 per cent).
Table 1 Education attainment levels
No. of Learner Average Average Drop % schools enrolment Learner- Dropout in FET % Literacy with No. of no fee Overberg District (Gr 1-12 + LSEN teacher ratio rate phase Matric pass rate rate libraries schools 2013 2014 2012 2014 2012 2013 2011 2012 2013 2011 2012 2014 2012 2014 Overstrand 11 353 11 866 25.5 26.7 49.5% 38.9% 85.1 88.2 92.0 87.5 16 16 12 12 Swellendam 5 668 5 771 27.6 29.2 34.7% 26.5% 90.0 90.6 86.9 74.2 8 8 15 15 Theewaterskloof 18 273 18 488 27.5 28.7 40.8% 33.2% 87.3 84.5 88.8 78.4 26 26 28 29 Cape Agulhas 4 675 4 621 28.1 26.7 37.9% 36.4% 95.1 81.2 92.1 81.1 7 7 8 8
Source: Western Cape Department of Education 2014
Table 1 shows that the majority of the learners in the Overberg District, 45.4 per cent are enrolled at schools in the Theewaterskloof municipal area and the smallest number of learner enrolment is in the Cape Agulhas municipal area at 11.3 per cent. Overstrand Municipality appears to have the highest dropout rate but surprisingly it has one of the lowest learner-teacher ratios for 2014 of 26.7 per cent, having increased from 25.5 per cent in 2012. Swellendam has the highest average learner- teacher ratio at 29.2 per cent, but it had the lowest matric pass rate (86.9 per cent) in 2013.
Municipalities with lower average learner-teacher ratio, i.e. Overstrand and Cape Agulhas tend to produce better matric pass rates than those with higher average learner-teacher ratios (Swellendam and Theewaterskloof). In 2013 Cape Agulhas Municipality had the highest Matric pass rate (92.1 per cent) followed by Overstrand (92 per cent).
Theewaterskloof Municipality hosts the highest number (26) of schools with libraries in the Overberg District compared to 7 libraries at Cape Agulhas. Table 1 also indicates that Theewaterskloof Municipality hosts the largest number (29) of no fee schools in the region, followed by Swellendam (15) and Overstrand (12) whereas Cape Agulhas has the lowest number (8) of no fee schools. Table 1 also shows that literacy rates in the region are highest at Overstrand Municipality (87.5 per cent) followed by Cape Agulhas (81.1 per cent).
5 Socio-economic Profile 2014
3. Health
Good health is vital to achieving and maintaining a high quality of life. A diverse range of factors play a role in ensuring the good health of communities to prevent diseases, especially preventable and contagious/communicable ones. Some of the factors include lifestyle features that also depend on the provision of high quality municipal services, such as clean water and sanitation. It is the function of healthcare services not only to restore bad health, but also to prevent communities from contracting preventable diseases.
3.1 Healthcare facilities
Although healthcare is provided by both public and private institutions, information provided by the Department of Health, as detailed in this section, pertains only to public sector healthcare institutions. Any privately provided facilities or services are not reflected in the information below.
Overberg District is ranked 5th in the Province in terms of the total number of primary healthcare facilities. In 2014 the Overberg District had a total of 52 healthcare facilities, compared to the City of Cape Town (164), Cape Winelands (87), Eden (82), and West Coast (74). However, in terms of non-fixed primary healthcare (PHC) facilities Overberg has the third largest number (25), consisting of 14 mobile and 11 satellite facilities.
Table 2 Healthcare facilities
Number of Number of Total number of Number of PHC clinics - PHC clinics - PHC facilities Number of Number of Community Community PHC clinics - non-fixed non-fixed (Fixed Clinics, district regional Metro/District Health Centres Day Centres fixed (Satellites) (mobiles) CHCs and CDCs) hospitals hospitals City of Cape Town 9 38 84 18 4 131 9 2 West Coast 0 1 26 22 18 27 7 0 Cape Winelands 0 6 42 6 27 48 4 2 Overberg 0 1 22 11 14 23 4 0 Eden 0 6 36 12 21 42 6 1 Central Karoo 0 1 8 3 8 9 4 0 Western Cape 9 53 218 72 92 280 34 5
Source: Western Cape Department of Health
3.2 HIV/AIDS and TB treatment and care
The information presented in Table 3 shows how districts in the Western Cape respond to the healthcare need with respect to HIV/AIDS and TB treatment and care. Although treatment and care is essential in managing the disease, in the case of HIV/AIDS the need and importance of preventative care must be emphasised, especially since to date, there is still no known cure.
6 Overberg District
Table 3 HIV/AIDS and TB treatment and care
HIV - Antiretroviral treatment Tuberculosis Number of Number of ART ART ART clinics/ Number of TB Number of TB TB clinics/ patient load patient load treatment sites patients patients treatment sites Metro/District March 2013 March 2014 2014 2012/13 2013/14 2014 City of Cape Town 99 223 116 421 73 27 510 26 305 208 West Coast 4 561 5 553 39 3 508 3 573 85 Cape Winelands 14 170 17 463 41 7 213 7 327 88 Overberg 4 907 6 182 20 2 175 2 103 48 Eden 10 402 12 788 63 4 825 4 909 89 Central Karoo 949 1 174 7 621 590 27 Western Cape 134 212 159 581 243 45 852 44 807 545
Source: Western Cape Department of Health
The Overberg District had the highest increase (26.0 per cent) of the Antiretroviral treatment (ART) patient load within the Province between March 2013 and March 2014, followed by Central Karoo (23.7 per cent), Cape Winelands (23.2 per cent) and Eden District (22.9 per cent). The ART patient load for the Province as a whole increased by 18.9 per cent. Despite the highest increase in the ART patient load, the Overberg District is ranked fifth in terms of the number of ART clinics and treatment sites, with 20 sites reported for 2014, compared to 73 within the City of Cape Town, 63 in the Eden District, 41 for Cape Winelands and 39 for the West Coast District. The Central Karoo has the lowest number of treatment sites (7), stemming from its smaller ART patient load.
In terms of Tuberculosis (TB), there was a decrease in the number of patients recorded for the City of Cape Town, Overberg and the Central Karoo District, whereas increases were recorded at West Coast, Cape Winelands and Eden District. Central Karoo recorded the largest decrease in the number of patients with TB (-4.9 per cent), followed by the City of Cape Town (-4.3 per cent) and Overberg (-3.3 per cent). The Overberg District is ranked fifth in terms of the total number of treatment sites, with 48 sites recorded for 2014.
3.3 Child and maternal health
Table 4 shows child health and maternal health statistics for the various districts in the Western Cape Province. The Overberg District is ranked fourth in the Province in terms of the full immunisation coverage rate, with an immunisation rate of 81.6 per cent, slightly outperforming the provincial average of 80.3 per cent. The Overberg District also has the second lowest number of severely malnourished children under 5 years (60), compared to 544 for the City of Cape Town, 218 for Cape Winelands and 168 for the Eden District. The number of cases of children under 5 with severe malnutrition per 100 000 population in the Overberg District (156) is lower than the provincial average of 180 children.
7 Socio-economic Profile 2014
Table 4 Child and maternal health
Child health Maternal health
Severe Termination malnutrition Number of Number of Delivery Number of of for children severely Maternal deliveries rate termination pregnancy Full malnourished < 5 years mortality to women woman of per immunisation children per 100 000 per 100 000 under under pregnancies 100 000 coverage rate under 5 years population live births 18 years 18 years performed population City of Cape Town 76.6 544 144 73 3 470 5.5 11 722 1 187 West Coast 96.7 75 254 39 415 8.4 352 448 Cape Winelands 100.2 218 300 43 1 087 7.7 1 650 839 Overberg 81.6 60 156 64 241 8.2 332 580 Eden 86.3 168 319 105 730 7.9 1 123 821 Central Karoo 77.2 22 164 0 83 7.6 2 15 Western Cape 80.3 1 087 180 69 6 026 6.3 15 181 1 033
Source: Western Cape Department of Health
In relation to maternal health, the Overberg District is ranked third in terms of maternal mortality per 100 000 live births, at 64 per 100 000 live births in 2013/14, slightly lower than the provincial average of 69. Out of a total of 6 026 deliveries to women under the age of 18 years, the most were reported at the City of Cape Town (3 470), followed by Cape Winelands District (1 087) and Eden (730). The Overberg District had the second highest delivery rate (8.2) by women under the age of 18 years. However, the Overberg District recorded a total of 580 terminations of pregnancies per 100 000 population, which is the third lowest in the province.
4. Poverty
Although the poverty1 rates in the Overberg District dropped marginally from 31 per cent in 2001 to 30 per cent in 2010, the rates remain much higher than the provincial average of 22 per cent. In 2010, the Overberg and West Coast districts had the second highest poverty rates in the province, after 33 per cent poverty rate reported for Central Karoo. High poverty rates put strain on municipal resources as poor households have to be provided with free basic services. The high economic growth experienced by the Overberg District between 2000 and 2011 (5.2 per cent) clearly did not have the desired impact on poverty in the region as evidenced by prevailing high poverty rates. Figure 3 shows poverty rates across Western Cape districts.
1 The poverty income line used is based on the Bureau of Market Research’s Minimum Living Level (BMR report No. 235 and later editions, Minimum and Supplemented Living Levels in the main and other selected urban areas of the RSA, August 1996).
8 Overberg District
Figure 3 Poverty rates across Western Cape districts
45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% City of Cape Cape Eden Overberg West Coast Central Karoo Western Cape Town Winelands 2001 32% 24% 31% 31% 32% 39% 27% 2010 22% 20% 30% 26% 30% 33% 22%
Source: IHS Global Insights
Another indicator that can be used to describe the standard of living among the population is the GDP per capita, an amount determined by dividing an area’s Real GDP with its population. Figure 4 shows GDP per capita figures for districts in the Western Cape Province. Overberg District’s per capita income grew the fastest (30.5 per cent) in the region, from R22 666 in 2001 to R29 580 in 2011.
Figure 4 GDP per capita in the Western Cape Province 2001 vs 2011
80 000
70 000
60 000
50 000
40 000
30 000
20 000
10 000
0 South Western City of West Cape Central Overberg Eden Africa Cape Cape Town Coast Winelands Karoo 2001 26 608 37 496 43 179 27 966 31 282 22 666 56 506 16 655 2011 32 697 43 557 49 647 27 885 36 730 29 580 73 304 21 492
Source: Stats SA Census 2011
Despite the remarkable increase between 2001 and 2011 Overberg District’s GDP per capita is the third lowest in the Province, only higher than that of the West Coast (R27 885) and the Central Karoo (R21 492). The City of Cape Town and Eden District had per capita incomes which were much higher than the provincial average in 2011.
9 Socio-economic Profile 2014
5. Safety and security
The safety of persons and property is vitally important to the physical and emotional well-being of people and business. Without the respect of person and property, it would be impossible for people to live peacefully, without fear of attack and for businesses to flourish. Crime has a significant impact on the economy. It can hamper growth and discourage investment and capital accumulation. If it is not tackled with seriousness, it has the potential to derail both social and economic prosperity. Peoples’ general impressions, as well as the official statistics on safety and crime issues mould perceptions of areas as living spaces or place in which to establish businesses. The discussion in this section that follows is limited to the reported contact and property-related crime such as murder and sexual crimes, as well as crime heavily dependent on police action for detecting drug-related crimes and driving under the influence of alcohol/drugs; these are detailed in the figure below.
Figure 5 Crime rates in Overberg District, 2004/05 to 2013/14
4 000
3 500
3 000
2 500
2 000
1 500
1 000
500
0 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 Burglary at residential premises 2 354 1 747 1 630 1 495 1 871 2 203 2 134 2 228 2 690 2 935 Driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs 440 511 487 578 628 729 821 755 592 565 Drug-related crime 2 443 2 307 2 137 2 241 2 371 2 631 3 214 3 217 3 155 3 731 Murder 126 94 112 104 92 114 81 93 92 97 Total Sexual Crimes 476 403 353 392 418 429 460 387 437 430
Source: Stats SA 2014
Figure 5 shows the number of crimes within the selected crime categories that was reported to police stations located throughout the Overberg District over the period 2004/05 and 2013/14. From the figure it can be seen that drug-related crimes are the most prevalent in the Overberg District, with 3 731 cases reported in 2013/14, up from 3 155 cases reported in 2012/13. Burglaries at residential premises are the second most prevalent crime in the Overberg District, with 2 935 cases reported in 2013/14, up from 2 690 in 2012/13.
Although the number of murder cases reported in the Overberg District was the lowest (97 in 2013/14) compared to the other crimes, the rates are still regarded as unacceptable as one murder is one too many. The trend of murder cases seems to be declining from 126 murder cases reported in 2004/05 to 81 in 2010/11 but has since
10 Overberg District
picked up over the last three years. The total number of sexual cases reported in the Overberg District have been fluctuating over the last 10 years was from 476 in 2004/05 to 430 cases in 2013/14.
Finally, driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs has increased steadily from 440 cases in 2004/05 to peak at 821 cases in 2010/11, and declined thereafter to reach 565 cases in 2013/14.
6. Access to basic services
All South Africans have a right to access basic services such as housing, water, electricity, sanitation, and waste removal in line with the Bill of Rights. Table 5 shows that in the Overberg District the basic service that is accessed the most by households is water (97.4 per cent), followed by energy (91.1 per cent) and sanitation (89.4 per cent). Access to refuse removal is the lowest (79.7 per cent) in terms of access to basic services in the Overberg District.
Table 5 Access to minimum basic services, 2011 - 2013
Water Sanitation Housing Energy Refuse Removal Region 2011 2013 2011 2013 2011 2013 2011 2013 2011 2013 City of Cape Town 96.6% 96.5% 90.1% 90.0% 78.7% 78.3% 94.0% 93.9% 94.2% 94.2% West Coast District 98.4% 98.3% 87.4% 87.4% 88.5% 88.3% 94.5% 94.4% 76.5% 76.6% Cape Winelands District 97.2% 97.1% 90.9% 90.8% 82.9% 82.6% 92.8% 92.6% 80.0% 79.9% Overberg District 97.4% 97.4% 89.5% 89.4% 83.2% 82.9% 91.2% 91.1% 79.7% 79.7% Eden District 95.2% 95.2% 85.2% 85.1% 84.4% 84.1% 91.0% 89.4% 86.4% 86.5% Central Karoo District 98.1% 98.1% 88.9% 88.9% 97.3% 97.3% 89.2% 89.2% 78.5% 78.6% Western Cape 96.7% 96.6% 89.5% 89.4% 80.8% 80.5% 93.3% 89.9% 89.8%
Water: Piped water on community stand less than 200 m from dwelling Sanitation: Flush toilet with septic tank Energy: Electricity Refuse removal: Removed by local authority at least once a week Housing: Formal dwelling
Source: Quantec, 2013
The Overberg District is on par with the Province in terms of access to sanitation and water, and is slightly higher than the Province in terms of housing. The Overberg District lags behind the Province in terms of access to refuse removal and to a lesser extent access to energy. These results indicate that there is still room for improvement in terms of basic service delivery at the Overberg District which would serve to improve the quality of life of households in the region.
7. Economy
The Overberg District regional economy generated 3.1 per cent of the Western Cape GDPR during 2013, i.e. R13.3 billion of the total R431 billion. The Overberg District economy grew by 4.8 per cent per annum from 2000 to 2013. In terms of ranking by size in the Western Cape, municipalities in the Overberg District are ranked as follows: Overstrand (5th), Theewaterskloof (11th), Cape Agulhas (15th) and Swellendam (16th) as shown in Figure 7.
11 Socio-economic Profile 2014
Figure 6 Municipal contribution to real GDPR growth and size in the Province
Stellenbosch 17.1% Mossel Bay 13.0% Drakenstein 8.9% George 8.1% Overstrand 5.7% Saldanha Bay 5.4% Langeberg 5.3% Knysna 4.8% Bitou 4.4% Swartland 3.7% Theewaterskloof 3.3% Breede Valley 3.3% Oudtshoorn 2.7% Witzenberg 2.7% Cape Agulhas 2.4% Swellendam 1.5% Bergrivier 1.4% Beaufort West 1.4% Kannaland 1.2% Matzikama 0.8% Cederberg 0.8% Hessequa 0.4% Other municipalities 1.5% 0.0% 5.0% 10.0% 15.0% 20.0%
Source: Municipal Economic Review and Outlook, 2014
The competitive strengths of the region resides in its food value chain, including a stable agricultural sector producing for the export market, as well as the associated food and beverage processing industries, a strong building and construction sector, business services, tourism and furniture manufacturing. The four municipalities account for nearly 13 per cent of the cumulative growth of the Province’s non-metro municipalities.
During the economic recovery period (2010 - 2013) the Overberg District was the second fastest growing region in the Province at 3.4 per cent, following the Eden District which recorded a real GDPR growth rate of 3.8 per cent. The fastest growing sectors within the Overberg District were finance, insurance, real estate and business services (5.6 per cent), Wholesale, retail, trade and accommodation (4.1 per cent) and General Government (3.8 per cent). Notable growth rates in the recovery period were also recorded for manufacturing (2.6 per cent), mining and quarrying (2.6 per cent) and the community, social and personal services (2.6 per cent). The slowest growing sector was Electricity, gas and water which recorded a real growth rate of only 0.4 per cent. The slow growth in the Agriculture, fishing and forestry sector of 0.6 per cent is also of concern, especially considering the job losses within this sector.
12 Overberg District
Table 6 Overberg District real GDPR growth in provincial perspective, 2010 - 2013 (%)
Cape West Central Eden Winelands Coast Overberg Karoo Cape Sector District District District District District Metro Agriculture, forestry and 1.5 -0.4 -0.1 0.6 1.2 2.2 fishing Mining and quarrying 1.5 4 3 2.6 0.3 1.5 Manufacturing 4.3 2.1 1.9 2.6 3.9 2.7 Electricity, gas and water 0.9 2.1 -0.4 0.4 -0.4 1 Construction 2.5 1.7 1.5 2 2.1 1.5 Wholesale and retail trade, 5 4.8 3.4 4.1 2.1 3.4 catering and accommodation Transport, storage and 2.4 2.2 1.7 2.6 0.9 2.3 communication Finance, insurance, real 3.9 3.8 5.4 5.6 3.8 3 estate and business services Community, social and 2.7 2.1 2 2.4 1.1 1.4 personal services General government 5.4 4.2 3.4 3.8 3.5 2.7 Total 3.8 2.7 2.8 3.4 2.6 2.7
Source: Municipal Economic Review and Outlook, 2014
Figure 7 shows that in 2013 the largest contributing sectors to GDPR within Overberg District were Finance, insurance, real estate and business services (26 per cent), followed by Wholesale and retail trade, catering and accommodation (17.1 per cent), General government (12.1 per cent), Manufacturing (11.8 per cent) and Agriculture, forestry and fishing (11.5 per cent). The Overberg District has a well- diversified economy which could be an explanation for its fast economic growth during the recovery period compared to other regions in the Province.
Figure 7 Overberg District sectoral contribution, 2013 (%)
Agriculture, forestry and fishing General government 11.5% 12.1% Mining and quarrying 0.1% Community, social and personal Manufacturing services 11.8% 4.1% Electricity, gas and Finance, insurance, water real estate and 1.9% business services 26.0% Construction 8.7%
Transport, storage Wholesale and retail and communication trade, catering and 6.8% accommodation 17.1%
Source: Municipal Economic Review and Outlook, 2014
13 Socio-economic Profile 2014
8. Employment
According to Census 2011 data the unemployment rate in the Overberg District was 17.0 per cent, which was lower than both the 21.6 per cent for the Western Cape and 29.8 per cent for South Africa. In comparison with the other districts within the Province, Overberg had the third lowest unemployment rate after Cape Winelands (14.2 per cent) and West Coast (14.6 per cent). The City of Cape Town had the highest unemployment rate in 2011 (23.9 per cent), followed by the Central Karoo District (22.7 per cent) and Eden District (22.5 per cent). Figure 8 shows that unemployment decreased between 2001 and 2011 for all regions in the Province except for West Coast where the unemployment rate increased from 13.2 per cent in 2001 to 14.6 per cent in 2011. In the Overberg District the unemployment rate decreased marginally, from 17.5 per cent in 2001 to 17.0 per cent in 2011.
Figure 8 Western Cape unemployment rates, 2001 - 2011
35.0
30.0
25.0
20.0
15.0
10.0
5.0
0.0 Cape City of Cape West Coast Overberg Central Karoo Winelands Eden District Western Cape Town District District District District 2001 29.2 13.2 17.0 17.5 23.4 33.2 26.2 2011 23.9 14.6 14.2 17.0 22.5 22.7 21.6
Source: Stats SA Census 2001 and 2011
The youth unemployment rate is of greater concern in most regions in the Province, with the City of Cape Town having the highest youth unemployment rate in 2011 (31.9 per cent), followed by Eden (29.3 per cent), Central Karoo (27.3 per cent) and Overberg (21.4 per cent). This may be due to the youth’s lack of experience and relevant skills. The high dropout rates in the Overberg District as mentioned above may also be a contributing factor to youth unemployment in the region.
Approximately 13 550 formal net jobs were lost in the agricultural sector over the period between 2000 and 2013 as shown in Figure 9 below. On the other hand, 370 net jobs were gained in the manufacturing sector and a whopping 13 740 net jobs were gained in the services sector.
14 Overberg District
Figure 9 Net employment in the Overberg District, 2000 - 2013
-13 550 Agriculture
Manufacturing 370
Services 13 740
-15 000 -10 000 -5 000 - 5 000 10 000 15 000 20 000
Source: Municipal Economic Review and Outlook, 2014
There appears to be a trend towards employing highly skilled and skilled individuals within the Overberg District. According to the Municipal Economic Review and Outlook (2014) demand for highly skilled labour grew by 2.8 per cent per annum between 2000 - 2013, that for skilled labour by 1.8 per cent, whilst that for unskilled and semi-skilled workers declined by 2.6 per cent per annum from 2000 - 2013. Skills development initiatives are thus required within the District to meet labour demands.
9. Environment
Table 7 Environmental indicators in the Overberg District, 2014
Environmental category Status
Spatial Development Create an environment conducive to economic activity by upgrading the roads Planning infrastructure. Balance between development and the biosphere, upgrading the coastal route. Some of the “Big Ideas” include:
Lighthouse Precinct in Cape Agulhas
Finding the balance between development job creation) and the conservation of the biosphere
A Green development path
Bredasdorp/Caledon/Pearly Beach as local airport
Closing the Gap – upgrade of coastal route between Gansbaai and Cape Agulhas
Community have to “embrace the white gold and enjoy it”
Integrated marketing effort
Overberg as adventure sport/professional sport squad training hub
Utilisation of Critical Biodiversity Areas as spatial planning tools. land procurement finance; area wide planning projects; Identify suitable land in line with SDF; Improved efficiency in land use management and spatial planning
Integrated Transport Plan
15 Socio-economic Profile 2014
Environmental category Status
Housing Households with access to formal dwellings increased from 87.9 per cent in 2001 to 91.3 per cent in 2011. Households living in informal dwellings have decreased from 12.1 per cent in 2001 to 8.7 per cent in 2011. Access to housing has however declined slightly over the period, which could probably be ascribed to an increase in demand for housing. Long-term Housing Pipeline and Implementation Plan. Develop integrated and sustainable human settlements; Low income housing; Higher density housing developments. Diversification of housing provision (explore alternative housing options); The redevelopment of existing residential areas within the Overstrand towns can also maximise use of existing infrastructure and increase residential capacity prior to considering greenfield development. Current model of housing delivery is not sustainable. To erase informality the ultimate goal should not be to own a brick and mortar structure. The National Policy regarding housing delivery should take cognisance of an incremental approach e.g. the provision of serviced sites, rental stock, rent-to-buy and upgrading of informal settlements).
Water Households with access to piped water increased from 98.8 per cent in 2001 to 99.2 per cent in 2011. Implementation of a water conservation and demand management strategy; water loss control. During the JPI Specific challenges around water security in the District emerged that were centred around water storage capacity, water losses, Wastewater Treatment Works (WWTWs) and general water management practices. The need to strengthen water management practices was expressed by all Municipalities in the district.
Sanitation Households with access to flush toilets in the Overberg District increased from 84.5 per cent in 2001 to 92 per cent in 2011.
Improved water and sewerage services in Barrydale, Suurbraak and Buffeljagsrivier
Energy Households with access to electricity increased from 75.3 per cent in 2001 to 81.4 per cent in 2011.
Energy Regeneration Strategy
Waste disposal Households with access to refuse removal (local authority or private) increased from 77 per cent in 2001 to 83 per cent in 2011.
Upgrading of Caledon waste facility
Rehabilitate Barrydale landfill site
Improved efficiency in waste management
Air quality Waste disposal sites can create air quality issues, Oxides of nitrogen pollutants can be a concern. There are no large emitters of pollution in most areas around the Overberg District ensuring good air quality.
Source: Department of Environmental Affairs and Development Planning, 2014
16 Overberg District
10. Concluding remarks
The Overberg District has the fifth largest population, comprising of 265 858 people or 4.4 per cent of the province’s population residing in this region. The population is expected to increase by at least 1.4 per cent per annum over the next few years. Sixty-seven per cent of the Overberg District population are aged between 15 and 64, the working age or economically active age group, while 24 per cent are aged between 0 - 15, and only 9 per cent are elderly, aged above 65 years.
The Overberg District economy grew by 4.8 per cent per annum from 2000 to 2013. According to Census 2011 data the unemployment rate in the Overberg District was 17.0 per cent, which was lower than both the 21.6 per cent for the Western Cape and 29.8 per cent for South Africa. Overberg District’s per capita income grew the fastest (30.5 per cent) in the region, from R22 666 in 2001 to R29 580 in 2011. Although the poverty2 rates in the Overberg District dropped marginally from 31 per cent in 2001 to 30 per cent in 2010, the rates remain much higher than the provincial average of 22 per cent.
The basic service that is accessed the most by households in the Overberg District is water (97.4 per cent), followed by energy (91.1 per cent) and sanitation (89.4 per cent). Access to refuse removal is the lowest (79.7 per cent) in terms of access to basic services in the Overberg District.
In 2013, Cape Agulhas Municipality had the highest Matric pass rate (92.1 per cent) followed by Overstrand (92 per cent). Overberg District is ranked 5th out of six regions in the Province in terms of the total number of primary healthcare facilities.
Drug-related crimes are the most prevalent in the Overberg District, with 3 731 cases reported in 2013/14, up from 3 155 cases reported in 2012/13. Burglaries at residential premises are the second most prevalent crime in the Overberg District, with 2 935 cases reported in 2013/14, up from 2 690 in 2012/13.
However, there is still room for improvement with regard to economic development, poverty reduction, skills development, crime, basic service delivery and job creation. The overall improvements are an indication that the inhabitants of the municipality are reaping some social benefits from the growing economy.
2 The poverty income line used is based on the Bureau of Market Research’s Minimum Living Level (BMR report No. 235 and later editions, Minimum and Supplemented Living Levels in the main and other selected urban areas of the RSA, August 1996).
17
Appendix SOCIO-ECONOMIC SNAPSHOT
Average Unemployment Real GDPR Percentage of household with minimal service level as per Stats SA Census Population size annual growth rate growth Literacy rate Water Sanitation Energy Refuse Housing Poverty rate Municipality 2001 2011 (2000 – 2011) 2001 2011 (2000 - 2011) 2001 2011 2001 2011 2001 2011 2001 2011 2001 2011 2001 2011 2001 2010
City of Cape Town 2 893 247 3 740 026 2.6 29.2 23.9 4.1 85.0% 90.5% 98.7% 99.3% 87.3% 91.1% 88.8% 94.2% 93.0% 94.0% 83.0% 89.5% 23.9% 19.7%
West Coast District 282 673 391 766 3.3 13.2 14.6 3.3 71.0% 79.1% 98.0% 99.2% 85.8% 92.0% 81.4% 94.8% 68.0% 76.0% 93.0% 93.0% 32.0% 30.4% Matzikama 50 207 67 147 2.9 16.5 14.0 1.5 69.0% 76.4% 92.0% 96.0% 77.9% 83.6% 97.8% 98.7% 59.0% 68.0% 89.9% 88.4% 35.3% 31.7% Cederberg 39 320 49 768 2.4 10.2 10.5 2.2 66.0% 73.2% 96.0% 98.0% 82.7% 89.1% 98.4% 96.4% 50.0% 58.0% 93.3% 87.1% 41.2% 42.7% Bergrivier 46 330 61 897 2.9 7.6 6.8 2.8 70.0% 76.4% 94.0% 99.0% 88.4% 92.7% 98.8% 98.8% 57.0% 67.0% 93.4% 93.4% 34.2% 33.8% Saldanha Bay 70 439 99 193 3.5 21.5 23.4 4.6 79.0% 86.7% 95.0% 99.0% 96.3% 97.1% 95.0% 99.3% 94.0% 97.0% 84.5% 81.7% 22.3% 23.9% Swartland 72 118 113 762 4.7 10.2 12.7 3.7 69.0% 78.0% 93.0% 99.0% 85.7% 93.0% 96.8% 99.5% 70.0% 76.0% 93.4% 90.9% 32.8% 26.8%
Cape Winelands District 629 490 787 490 2.3 17.0 14.2 3.9 72.0% 81.7% 98.0% 99.2% 86.5% 93.2% 88.5% 93.2% 70.0% 80.0% 82.7% 91.2% 30.9% 25.7% Witzenberg 83 570 115 946 3.3 13.6 7.6 3.0 65.0% 75.5% 94.9% 98.6% 86.3% 94.5% 95.7% 97.5% 58.0% 71.0% 89.0% 86.2% 29.8% 27.4% Drakenstein 194 416 251 262 2.6 22.8 17.6 3.0 77.0% 84.8% 92.0% 99.0% 91.1% 95.1% 92.0% 97.3% 76.0% 86.0% 82.0% 85.0% 27.2% 20.7% Stellenbosch 117 715 155 733 2.8 16.9 15.2 5.5 80.0% 84.9% 90.3% 94.9% 90.7% 94.0% 95.9% 95.3% 80.0% 97.0% 81.4% 75.1% 34.6% 25.8% Breede Valley 146 034 166 825 1.3 19.7 14.4 2.4 71.0% 82.1% 93.4% 96.5% 87.6% 91.2% 95.1% 92.5% 66.0% 76.0% 87.2% 77.9% 31.5% 27.0% Langeberg 81 274 97 724 1.9 12.2 11.3 5.1 62.0% 75.3% 92.8% 96.5% 83.5% 93.3% 97.7% 98.5% 62.0% 73.0% 92.9% 90.7% 34.1% 32.0%
Overberg District 203 520 258 176 2.4 17.5 17.0 5.2 73.0% 81.1% 98.8% 99.2% 84.7% 92.0% 83.9% 91.5% 77.0% 83.0% 87.9% 91.3% 31.0% 29.6% Theewaterskloof 93 276 108 790 1.6 18.6 14.9 3.7 68.0% 78.4% 90.0% 96.9% 80.2% 87.4% 90.6% 92.8% 70.0% 79.0% 77.8% 80.3% 35.3% 35.0% Overstrand 55 735 80 432 3.7 22.0 23.3 6.8 81.0% 87.5% 95.1% 98.6% 89.5% 96.5% 92.8% 94.8% 88.0% 92.0% 83.6% 80.1% 25.6% 25.5% Cape Agulhas 26 183 33 038 2.4 13.6 13.8 5.7 76.0% 81.1% 97.3% 97.4% 86.9% 91.9% 99.1% 99.1% 79.0% 80.0% 91.3% 85.2% 25.1% 19.1% Swellendam 28 077 35 916 2.5 15.7 11.4 4.8 65.0% 74.2% 93.2% 96.2% 83.2% 90.6% 99.0% 99.1% 71.0% 74.0% 88.4% 88.3% 33.6% 30.7%
Eden District 454 919 574 265 2.4 23.4 22.5 5.2 74.0% 82.6% 95.7% 97.8% 80.7% 87.1% 85.6% 91.4% 81.0% 86.0% 77.9% 91.1% 31.6% 21.7% Kannaland 23 975 24 767 0.3 13.9 17.3 5.5 60.0% 72.5% 92.0% 94.0% 64.0% 78.0% 93.3% 98.1% 58.0% 66.0% 96.9% 96.3% 43.8% 29.9% Hessequa 44 108 52 642 1.8 14.0 14.1 1.3 70.0% 78.5% 96.0% 98.0% 83.0% 92.0% 88.9% 98.4% 71.0% 79.0% 93.2% 93.8% 28.9% 16.0% Mossel Bay 71 498 89 430 2.3 24.7 22.9 7.6 79.0% 85.7% 96.0% 96.0% 91.0% 93.0% 87.3% 97.0% 89.0% 93.0% 85.5% 85.9% 27.3% 12.4% George 135 402 193 672 3.6 27.8 20.7 4.2 76.0% 83.4% 92.0% 96.0% 84.0% 89.0% 87.3% 94.1% 85.0% 88.0% 80.9% 83.9% 26.2% 20.4% Oudtshoorn 84 691 95 933 1.3 33.7 25.3 3.8 71.0% 79.4% 93.0% 95.0% 82.0% 82.0% 87.6% 96.9% 81.0% 78.0% 87.0% 88.5% 43.8% 34.1% Bitou 29 180 49 162 5.4 26.3 30.1 8.4 76.0% 85.8% 90.0% 93.0% 81.0% 84.0% 86.9% 90.6% 85.0% 88.0% 79.8% 72.2% 33.5% 27.2% Knysna 51 475 68 659 2.9 28.3 24.8 6.1 78.0% 85.1% 84.0% 94.0% 83.0% 83.0% 81.0% 88.3% 85.0% 93.0% 68.6% 73.8% 24.2% 15.0%
Central Karoo District 60 482 71 011 1.6 33.2 22.7 4.0 63.0% 73.4% 98.9% 99.4% 85.5% 90.0% 83.9% 89.7% 77.7% 78.7% 96.9% 96.7% 38.7% 32.5% Laingsburg 6 679 8 289 2.2 26.3 17.9 2.5 58.0% 70.0% 98.2% 99.4% 74.4% 83.1% 73.4% 83.3% 63.1% 59.5% 96.6% 96.6% 37.6% 36.1%
Prince Albert 10 518 13 136 2.2 35.0 19.4 4.2 59.0% 69.9% 98.0% 99.3% 79.0% 84.5% 80.0% 90.1% 71.6% 73.4% 94.2% 93.9% 44.1% 43.3% District Overberg Beaufort West 37 110 49 586 2.9 38.2 25.5 4.1 68.0% 74.9% 99.0% 99.4% 90.0% 92.8% 87.2% 93.4% 85.4% 83.7% 95.8% 97.9% 37.5% 29.1%
Western Cape 4 524 335 5 822 734 2.6 26.2 21.6 4.1 85.0% 87.2% 85.2% 88.4% 86.5% 90.5% 78.8% 86.9% 88.8% 91.1% 81.3% 80.4% 26.7% 22.1% South Africa 44 819 778 51 770 560 1.5 41.6 29.8 3.6 70.1% 80.9% 61.3% 73.4% 53.8% 62.6% 51.4% 73.9% 57.0% 63.6% 68.5% 77.6%
Average 179 703 232 145 2.6 20.7 17.6 4.3 71.1% 79.6% 93.8% 97.2% 84.3% 89.7% 91.5% 95.4% 73.9% 79.6% 87.6% 86.5% 32.5% 27.4% Min 6 679 8 289 0.3 7.6 6.8 1.3 58.0% 69.9% 84.0% 93.0% 64.0% 78.0% 73.4% 83.3% 50.0% 58.0% 68.6% 72.2% 22.3% 12.4% Max 2 893 247 3 740 026 5.4 38.2 30 8.4 85.0% 90.5% 99.0% 99.4% 96.3% 97.1% 99.1% 99.5% 94.0% 97.0% 96.9% 97.9% 44.1% 43.3% 19