Bennu: Implications for Aqueous Alteration History
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BENNU from OSIRIS-Rex APPROACH and PRELIMINARY SURVEY OBSERVATIONS
50th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference 2019 (LPI Contrib. No. 2132) 1956.pdf VNIR AND TIR SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS OF (101955) BENNU FROM OSIRIS-REx APPROACH AND PRELIMINARY SURVEY OBSERVATIONS. V. E. Hamilton1, A. A. Simon2, P. R. Christensen3, D. C. Reuter2, D. N. Della Giustina4, J. P. Emery5, R. D. Hanna6, E. Howell4, H. H. Kaplan1, B. E. Clark7, B. Rizk4, D. S. Lauretta4, and the OSIRIS-REx Team, 1Southwest Research Institute, 1050 Walnut St. #300, Boulder, CO 80302 ([email protected]), 2NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, 3School of Earth & Space Ex- ploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, 4Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, 5Dept. Earth & Planetary Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, 6University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, 7Dept. Physics & Astronomy, Ithaca College, Ithaca, NY 14850. Introduction: Visible to near infrared (VNIR) and generation and application of a photometric model, thermal infrared (TIR) spectrometers onboard the Ori- production of bolometric Bond albedo, reflectance gins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, factor spectra, and the calculation of spectral indices. Security–Regolith Explorer (OSIRIS-REx) spacecraft For OTES, this includes deriving emissivity spectra have revealed evidence of hydrated phases across the and temperature information with emissivity being an surface of asteroid (101955) Bennu. Here we describe input into a linear least squares mixing model and a spectral features identified -
New Voyage to Rendezvous with a Small Asteroid Rotating with a Short Period
Hayabusa2 Extended Mission: New Voyage to Rendezvous with a Small Asteroid Rotating with a Short Period M. Hirabayashi1, Y. Mimasu2, N. Sakatani3, S. Watanabe4, Y. Tsuda2, T. Saiki2, S. Kikuchi2, T. Kouyama5, M. Yoshikawa2, S. Tanaka2, S. Nakazawa2, Y. Takei2, F. Terui2, H. Takeuchi2, A. Fujii2, T. Iwata2, K. Tsumura6, S. Matsuura7, Y. Shimaki2, S. Urakawa8, Y. Ishibashi9, S. Hasegawa2, M. Ishiguro10, D. Kuroda11, S. Okumura8, S. Sugita12, T. Okada2, S. Kameda3, S. Kamata13, A. Higuchi14, H. Senshu15, H. Noda16, K. Matsumoto16, R. Suetsugu17, T. Hirai15, K. Kitazato18, D. Farnocchia19, S.P. Naidu19, D.J. Tholen20, C.W. Hergenrother21, R.J. Whiteley22, N. A. Moskovitz23, P.A. Abell24, and the Hayabusa2 extended mission study group. 1Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA ([email protected]) 2Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Kanagawa, Japan 3Rikkyo University, Tokyo, Japan 4Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan 5National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan 6Tokyo City University, Tokyo, Japan 7Kwansei Gakuin University, Hyogo, Japan 8Japan Spaceguard Association, Okayama, Japan 9Hosei University, Tokyo, Japan 10Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea 11Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan 12University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan 13Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan 14University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka, Japan 15Chiba Institute of Technology, Chiba, Japan 16National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Iwate, Japan 17National Institute of Technology, Oshima College, Yamaguchi, Japan 18University of Aizu, Fukushima, Japan 19Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA 20University of Hawai’i, Manoa, HI, USA 21University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA 22Asgard Research, Denver, CO, USA 23Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff, AZ, USA 24NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA 1 Highlights 1. -
Craters on (101955) Bennu's Boulders
EPSC Abstracts Vol. 14, EPSC2020-502, 2020, updated on 30 Sep 2021 https://doi.org/10.5194/epsc2020-502 Europlanet Science Congress 2020 © Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Craters on (101955) Bennu’s boulders Ronald-Louis Ballouz1, Kevin Walsh2, William Bottke2, Daniella DellaGiustina1, Manar Al Asad3, Patrick Michel4, Chrysa Avdellidou4, Marco Delbo4, Erica Jawin5, Erik Asphaug1, Olivier Barnouin6, Carina Bennett1, Edward Bierhaus7, Harold Connolly1,8, Michael Daly9, Terik Daly6, Dathon Golish1, Jamie Molaro10, Maurizio Pajola11, Bashar Rizk1, and the OSIRIS-REx mini-crater team* 1Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA 2Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO, USA 3University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada 4Laboratoire Lagrange, Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Nice, France 5Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA 6The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA, (7) Lockheed Martin Space, Little-ton, CO, USA 7Lockheed Martin Space, Littleton, CO, USA, 8Dept. of Geology, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA 9York University, Toronto, Canada 10Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ, USA 11INAF-Astronomical Observatory of Padova, Padova, Italy *A full list of authors appears at the end of the abstract Introduction: The OSIRIS-REx mission’s observation campaigns [1] using the PolyCam instrument, part of the OSIRIS-REx Camera Suite (OCAMS) [2 3], have returned images of the surface of near-Earth asteroid (NEA) (101955) Bennu. These unprecedented-resolution images resolved cavities on Bennu’s boulders (Fig. 1) that are near-circular in shape and have diameters ranging from 5 cm to 5 m. -
SPACE RESEARCH in POLAND Report to COMMITTEE
SPACE RESEARCH IN POLAND Report to COMMITTEE ON SPACE RESEARCH (COSPAR) 2020 Space Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences and The Committee on Space and Satellite Research PAS Report to COMMITTEE ON SPACE RESEARCH (COSPAR) ISBN 978-83-89439-04-8 First edition © Copyright by Space Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences and The Committee on Space and Satellite Research PAS Warsaw, 2020 Editor: Iwona Stanisławska, Aneta Popowska Report to COSPAR 2020 1 SATELLITE GEODESY Space Research in Poland 3 1. SATELLITE GEODESY Compiled by Mariusz Figurski, Grzegorz Nykiel, Paweł Wielgosz, and Anna Krypiak-Gregorczyk Introduction This part of the Polish National Report concerns research on Satellite Geodesy performed in Poland from 2018 to 2020. The activity of the Polish institutions in the field of satellite geodesy and navigation are focused on the several main fields: • global and regional GPS and SLR measurements in the frame of International GNSS Service (IGS), International Laser Ranging Service (ILRS), International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS), European Reference Frame Permanent Network (EPN), • Polish geodetic permanent network – ASG-EUPOS, • modeling of ionosphere and troposphere, • practical utilization of satellite methods in local geodetic applications, • geodynamic study, • metrological control of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) equipment, • use of gravimetric satellite missions, • application of GNSS in overland, maritime and air navigation, • multi-GNSS application in geodetic studies. Report -
(101955) Bennu from OSIRIS-Rex Imaging and Thermal Analysis
ARTICLES https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-019-0731-1 Properties of rubble-pile asteroid (101955) Bennu from OSIRIS-REx imaging and thermal analysis D. N. DellaGiustina 1,26*, J. P. Emery 2,26*, D. R. Golish1, B. Rozitis3, C. A. Bennett1, K. N. Burke 1, R.-L. Ballouz 1, K. J. Becker 1, P. R. Christensen4, C. Y. Drouet d’Aubigny1, V. E. Hamilton 5, D. C. Reuter6, B. Rizk 1, A. A. Simon6, E. Asphaug1, J. L. Bandfield 7, O. S. Barnouin 8, M. A. Barucci 9, E. B. Bierhaus10, R. P. Binzel11, W. F. Bottke5, N. E. Bowles12, H. Campins13, B. C. Clark7, B. E. Clark14, H. C. Connolly Jr. 15, M. G. Daly 16, J. de Leon 17, M. Delbo’18, J. D. P. Deshapriya9, C. M. Elder19, S. Fornasier9, C. W. Hergenrother1, E. S. Howell1, E. R. Jawin20, H. H. Kaplan5, T. R. Kareta 1, L. Le Corre 21, J.-Y. Li21, J. Licandro17, L. F. Lim6, P. Michel 18, J. Molaro21, M. C. Nolan 1, M. Pajola 22, M. Popescu 17, J. L. Rizos Garcia 17, A. Ryan18, S. R. Schwartz 1, N. Shultz1, M. A. Siegler21, P. H. Smith1, E. Tatsumi23, C. A. Thomas24, K. J. Walsh 5, C. W. V. Wolner1, X.-D. Zou21, D. S. Lauretta 1 and The OSIRIS-REx Team25 Establishing the abundance and physical properties of regolith and boulders on asteroids is crucial for understanding the for- mation and degradation mechanisms at work on their surfaces. Using images and thermal data from NASA’s Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security-Regolith Explorer (OSIRIS-REx) spacecraft, we show that asteroid (101955) Bennu’s surface is globally rough, dense with boulders, and low in albedo. -
Introduction 101955 Bennu Speed Variations Variations of Bennu's
Deflect an hazardous asteroid through kinetic impact 51st Annual Meeting of the Division on Dynamical Astronomy Bruno Chagas1, Antonio F.B. de A. Prado1;2, Othon Winter1 S~aoPaulo State University (UNESP), School of Engineering, Guaratinguet´a-SP, Brazil1 National Institute for Space Research, INPE, S~aoJos´edos Campos-SP, Brazil2 Introduction Asteroids are the smallest bodies in the solar system, usually with diameters on the order of a few hundred's, or even only tens of kilometers. The total mass of all asteroids in the solar system must be less than the mass of the Earth's Moon. Despite this fact, they are objects of great importance. They must contain information about the formation of the solar system, since its chemical and physical compositions remain practically constant over time. These bodies also pose a danger to Earth, as many of these bodies are on a trajectory that passes close to Earth. There is also the possibility of mining on asteroids, in order to extract precious metals and other natural resources. Within this context, the present work intends to focus on the application aimed at the deflect an hazardous asteroid through kinetic impact. The asteroid's orbit behavior will be analyzed to determined the accuracy of the technique. To do this, we will be measure the deviation and displacement obtained at the point of maximum approximation between the body and the Earth. 101955 Bennu Variations of Bennu's orbit The asteroid 101955 Bennu is part of the group of NEOs that can become objects with a The Mercury integrator package was used and the integrator used was Bulirsch-Stoer. -
Arecibo Radar Observations of 14 High-Priority Near-Earth Asteroids in CY2020 and January 2021 Patrick A
Arecibo Radar Observations of 14 High-Priority Near-Earth Asteroids in CY2020 and January 2021 Patrick A. Taylor (LPI, USRA), Anne K. Virkki, Flaviane C.F. Venditti, Sean E. Marshall, Dylan C. Hickson, Luisa F. Zambrano-Marin (Arecibo Observatory, UCF), Edgard G. Rivera-Valent´ın, Sriram S. Bhiravarasu, Betzaida Aponte-Hernandez (LPI, USRA), Michael C. Nolan, Ellen S. Howell (U. Arizona), Tracy M. Becker (SwRI), Jon D. Giorgini, Lance A. M. Benner, Marina Brozovic, Shantanu P. Naidu (JPL), Michael W. Busch (SETI), Jean-Luc Margot, Sanjana Prabhu Desai (UCLA), Agata Rozek˙ (U. Kent), Mary L. Hinkle (UCF), Michael K. Shepard (Bloomsburg U.), and Christopher Magri (U. Maine) Summary We propose the continuation of the long-running project R3037 to physically and dynamically characterize the population of near-Earth asteroids with the Arecibo S-band (2380 MHz; 12.6 cm) planetary radar system. The objectives of project R3037 are to: (1) collect high-resolution radar images of and (2) report ultra-precise radar astrometry for the strongest predicted radar targets for the 2020 calendar year plus early January 2021. Such images will be used for three-dimensional shape modeling as the data sets allow. These observations will be carried out as part of the NASA- funded Arecibo planetary radar program, Grant No. 80NSSC19K0523, to PI Anne Virkki (Arecibo Observatory, University of Central Florida) with Patrick Taylor as Institutional PI at the Lunar and Planetary Institute (Universities Space Research Association). Background Radar is arguably the most powerful Earth-based technique for post-discovery physical and dynamical characterization of near-Earth asteroids (NEAs) and plays a crucial role in the nation’s planetary defense initiatives led through the NASA Planetary Defense Coordination Office. -
Biography Authored Books Edited Books Journal Articles
Kirstie Fryirs Faculty of Science and Engineering Email: [email protected] Phone: +61 2 9850 8367 Biography Kirstie's work focuses on fluvial geomorphology and river management. Her research focusses on how rivers work, how they have evolved, how they have been impacted by anthropogenic disturbance, how catchment sediment budgets and (dis)connectivity work, and how to best use geomorphology in river management practice. She is probably best known as the co-developer of the River Styles Framework and portfolio of professional development short courses (see www.riverstyles.com). The River Styles Framework is a geomorphic approach for the analysis of rivers that includes assessment of river type and behaviour, physical condition and recovery potential. These analyses are used to develop prioritisation and decision support systems in river management practice. Uptake of the River Styles Framework has now occurred in many places on six continents. Kirstie has strong domestic and international collaborations in both academia and industry. She has worked for many years on various river science and management projects as part of multi-disciplinary, collaborative teams that include ecologists, hydrologists, social scientists, practitioners and citizens. Kirstie has also been lucky enough to work in Antarctica for two summer seasons, undertaking research on heavy metal contamination at Casey and Wilkes stations. Kirstie has co-written and co-edited three books titled "Geomorphology and River Management" (Blackwell, 2005), "River Futures" (Island Press, 2008) and "Geomorphic Analysis of River Systems: An Approach to Reading the Landscape" (Wiley, 2013). She holds several research, teaching and postgraduate supervision awards including the international Gordon Warwick medal for excellence in research. -
Newsletter December 2016
Current NEO statistics A refinement of the method used for analysing the asteroid hazard led to an increase in the number of objects in the risk list. Known NEOs: 15 271 asteroids and 106 comets NEOs in risk list*: 576 New NEO discoveries since last month: 161 NEOs discovered since 1 January 2016: 1750 Focus on Whenever a new set of observations for an object is published, our Impact Monitoring routines perform a new search for possibly impacting orbits compatible with such set of observations. The system is capable of detecting all possibly impacting orbits down to an impact probability threshold, named “generic completeness level”. The search begins by investigating a set of initial conditions taken along a specific line of parameters, called Line of Variations (LoV), inside the orbit uncertainty region. The NEODyS impact monitoring system was recently switched to a new method to sample the LoV, which decreased the generic completeness level from 4×10-7 to 10-7 (i.e. a factor of four better than the previous approach). The whole risk list has been updated with the outcome of the new method, and it is now available on both the NEODyS and the NEOCC risk pages. Upcoming interesting close approaches To date no known object is expected to come closer than one lunar distance to our planet in December, thus deserving special attention. New discoveries likely will. The closest known approach will be 2016 WQ3 at 1.5 lunar distances on 1 December. Recent interesting close approaches Four new objects came closer than the Moon in November. -
Near-Earth Asteroids Accessible to Human Exploration with High-Power Electric Propulsion
AAS 11-446 NEAR-EARTH ASTEROIDS ACCESSIBLE TO HUMAN EXPLORATION WITH HIGH-POWER ELECTRIC PROPULSION Damon Landau* and Nathan Strange† The diverse physical and orbital characteristics of near-Earth asteroids provide progressive stepping stones on a flexible path to Mars. Beginning with cislunar exploration capability, the variety of accessible asteroid targets steadily increas- es as technology is developed for eventual missions to Mars. Noting the poten- tial for solar electric propulsion to dramatically reduce launch mass for Mars ex- ploration, we apply this technology to expand the range of candidate asteroid missions. The variety of mission options offers flexibility to adapt to shifting exploration objectives and development schedules. A robust and efficient explo- ration program emerges where a potential mission is available once per year (on average) with technology levels that span cislunar to Mars-orbital capabilities. Examples range from a six-month mission that encounters a 10-m object with 65 kW to a two-year mission that reaches a 2-km asteroid with a 350-kW system. INTRODUCTION In the wake of the schedule and budgetary woes that led to the cancellation of the Constella- tion Moon program, the exploration of near-Earth asteroids (NEAs) has been promoted as a more realizable and affordable target to initiate deep space exploration with astronauts.1,2 Central to the utility of NEAs in a progressive exploration program is their efficacy to span a path as literal stepping stones between cislunar excursions and the eventual human -
Detecting the Yarkovsky Effect Among Near-Earth Asteroids From
Detecting the Yarkovsky effect among near-Earth asteroids from astrometric data Alessio Del Vignaa,b, Laura Faggiolid, Andrea Milania, Federica Spotoc, Davide Farnocchiae, Benoit Carryf aDipartimento di Matematica, Universit`adi Pisa, Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 5, Pisa, Italy bSpace Dynamics Services s.r.l., via Mario Giuntini, Navacchio di Cascina, Pisa, Italy cIMCCE, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Universits, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Univ. Lille, 77 av. Denfert-Rochereau F-75014 Paris, France dESA SSA-NEO Coordination Centre, Largo Galileo Galilei, 1, 00044 Frascati (RM), Italy eJet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, 91109 CA, USA fUniversit´eCˆote d’Azur, Observatoire de la Cˆote d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Boulevard de l’Observatoire, Nice, France Abstract We present an updated set of near-Earth asteroids with a Yarkovsky-related semi- major axis drift detected from the orbital fit to the astrometry. We find 87 reliable detections after filtering for the signal-to-noise ratio of the Yarkovsky drift esti- mate and making sure the estimate is compatible with the physical properties of the analyzed object. Furthermore, we find a list of 24 marginally significant detec- tions, for which future astrometry could result in a Yarkovsky detection. A further outcome of the filtering procedure is a list of detections that we consider spurious because unrealistic or not explicable with the Yarkovsky effect. Among the smallest asteroids of our sample, we determined four detections of solar radiation pressure, in addition to the Yarkovsky effect. As the data volume increases in the near fu- ture, our goal is to develop methods to generate very long lists of asteroids with reliably detected Yarkovsky effect, with limited amounts of case by case specific adjustments. -
New Jersey Student Learning Assessment–Science (NJSLA–S)
New Jersey Grade Student Learning Assessment–Science 11 (NJSLA–S) Grado Parent, Student, and Teacher Information Guide Guía de información para Grade 11 los padres, los alumnos y los maestros Spring 2020 Primavera de 2020 Copyright © 2020 by the New Jersey Department of Education. All rights reserved. Table of Contents Parent Information ...........................................................................................................................1 Description of the NJ Student Learning Assessment-Science (NJSLA–S) ................................1 The NJSLA–S Experience ...........................................................................................................1 1. Who will be tested? .................................................................................................................1 2. What types of questions are on the NJSLA–S? ......................................................................1 3. How can a child prepare for the NJSLA–S? ...........................................................................2 4. How long is the 2020 test? ......................................................................................................2 5. How fair is the NJSLA–S? ......................................................................................................2 6. How can I receive more information about the NJSLA–S? ...................................................2 Student Information .........................................................................................................................3