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MANAGE Bulletin From the National Institute of Agricultural Extension Management January - February, 2019

Message from the Director General

Extension through Innovation is the buzzword now. Global innovations and institutional reforms are a prerequisite in the existing extension system. We need to incubate innovations in agriculture, focus on climate smart extension approaches and other issues and challenges in agriculture. It is time to share experiences of Agricultural Extension and Advisory services in different countries.

Keeping this in view, in order to share international experiences in Agricultural extension, National Institute of Agricultural Extension Management (MANAGE) and Michigan State University (MSU) organized an International Conference on “Agricultural Extension and Advisory Services: Innovation to Impact” during February 12-14, 2019. The conference brought together around 100 stakeholders representing In this issue… various countries like USA, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Afghanistan and India. ⇒⇒ International Conference on Agricultural Extension and Advisory In addition, three International Training Programs were organized, which Services: Innovation to Impact included two programs under FTF ITT on Modern Dairy Technology, ⇒⇒ International Programs Management and Cooperatives and Seed Production, Processing ⇒⇒ Workshop on DAESI and Commercialization and a program on Computer Applications in ⇒⇒ Training Programs Agriculture under Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation (ITEC). ⇒⇒ Financial Inclusion, Agricultural MANAGE training programs during the period focused on Agribusiness Credit and Crop Insurance Supply Chain Management and on Marketing of Agricultural inputs ⇒⇒ Improving e-Governance in Agriculture for corporate executives; programs on Financial Inclusion, Agricultural ⇒⇒ MDP on Agribusiness Supply Credit and Crop Insurance; e-Governance, Backyard poultry, Extension Chain Management for Corporate Management Approaches for Promotion of Sericulture Industry and Executives Sustainable Livelihood through Animal Husbandry, Mainstreaming ⇒⇒ Marketing of Agricultural Inputs Women in Agriculture, Change Management etc. for agri and allied sector ⇒⇒ Extension Management Approaches officers. for Promotion of Sericulture Industry ⇒⇒ Backyard Poultry Farming We look forward to new partnerships, new programs and projects during ⇒⇒ Change Management: Startup the year. Perspective ⇒⇒ MANAGE Academic Committee Meeting ⇒⇒ PGDAEM Projects ⇒⇒ Events (V. Usha Rani, IAS) Director General ⇒⇒ Silent Heroes

National Institute of Agricultural Extension Management (An Organization of Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, Govt. of India) International Conference

Agricultural Extension and Advisory Services: Innovation to Impact In agriculture and rural development in India, it is Asian countries to discuss issues such as: the profile of important to underline the growing complexity of both agriculture and rural development professionals and problems and solutions, given the trend to diversify extension agents; the configuration of extension and rural economies, to articulate activities (at farm and innovation systems; the kinds of learning experiences various spatial levels), to use and manage local resources to organize and offer; the types of approaches, adequately, to improve food quality and security, to methodologies and techniques to use; and the innovate in different domains and to involve a plurality epistemological shifts to promote. The experiences in of actors. It is time to share experiences of Agricultural different countries, point in the direction of partnership Extension and Advisory services in different countries, models, collective action, participatory methodologies, propose new concepts and theoretical perspectives, and the development of interdisciplinary, trans important conditions to formulate new research disciplinary and systemic thinking. questions, build knowledge, and expand the capacity to The Director General, MANAGE in the inaugural address learn and act. mentioned that Extension through innovation is the In this connection, in order to share international buzz word; Global innovations and institutional reforms experiences in Agricultural extension National Institute are a prerequisite in the existing extension system. of Agricultural Extension Management (MANAGE) and Director General hoped that this conference paves way Michigan State University (MSU) organised a three-day to an experience sharing and learning atmosphere International Conference on “Agricultural Extension and where decisions can be made in modernizing and Advisory Services: Innovation to Impact” during February strengthening extension and advisory services to better 12-14, 2019 at MANAGE, Hyderabad. Representatives fit the present scenario.Mr. Patrick I. Cudney, Associate from five countries viz., USA, Uzbekistan Kyrgyzstan, Director, MSU Extension in his Opening Remarks hoped Afghanistan and India participated in the Conference. that the conference provides opportunity to share There were around 100 delegates. knowledge, learn from the expertise and develop new strategies that would help the countries in strengthening This International Conference gave an opportunity to the extension system. MANAGE, Michigan State University and other Central

2 Exhibition: A showcase of MANAGE initiatives MANAGE organized an exhibition to showcase its activities in fostering extension and advisory services to farmers. Display of products/services by Agripreneurs including Palm Tree Climber, Essential Oils, Exportable Culinary herbs, Spirulina, Organic vegetables were the attractions at the exhibition. Delegates had an insight into extension models developed by Agripreneurs to extend timely Agri-advisory services and appreciated the concept of ‘Extension through Entrepreneurship’ which is the major goal of Agri-Clinics and Agri-Business Centers (AC&ABC) Scheme.

Dr. W. R. Reddy, IAS Director General, NIRD&PR, the Theme 4: Entrepreneurship through Market-linked Chief Guest in his address gave a snapshot of the Extension: Incubating innovations in Agricultural Extension System in India. He expressed Agriculture that the extension system and advisory services requires Theme 5: Looking for better impact: Navigating ICTs for an outlook from a different window to tap different AEAS solutions through out of box thinking to incur change in the whole approach of extension. Agricultural Theme 6: New Extension: Facilitating Climate Smart extension is critical now and even in future, so finding Agriculture, Gender, Nutrition, and Urban right solutions is a way forward for the prosperity of the Agriculture farming community. Theme 7: Policy for inclusive development: National There were interactive presentations and panel extension policy for Agriculture and Rural discussions on seven important themes viz., Development Theme 1: Modernizing Extension through Institutional Smt. Vasudha Mishra, IAS, Additional Secretary, Govt. Innovations of India, DAC&FW, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, in the Valedictory Address suggested that Theme 2: Developing Extension Systems: A Capacity rather than working in siloes we need to work together Building Approach for farmers benefits. Theme 3: Beyond Agriculture: Catering to Advisory Needs of Allied Sectors

International Programs

Modern Dairy Technology, Management and Cooperatives An International Training Program on “Modern Dairy stakeholders to safeguard the interest of producers as Technology, Management and Cooperatives” was well as consumers. organized during 5-19 February, 2019 at ICAR-National There were twenty nine participants from eight Asian Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal, Haryana. The and African countries namely, Afghanistan, Cambodia, aim of the program was to acquaint the participants Myanmar, Malawi, Kenya, Liberia, Tanzania and Uganda. with knowledge in principles, planning and technical The Program concluded on 19th February, 2019 in approach for establishing commercial dairy farms, the presence of the Chief guest Dr. Inderjeet Singh, processing of milk and development of a marketing Director, Animal Husbandry, Punjab; Guest of Honor, network; development of value chain in milk production, Mr. Mustapha EL Hamzaoui, Director, Food Security processing and marketing to minimize the marketing Office, USAID, India; Dr. R.R.B. Singh, Director, NDRI, channels; establishment of linkage among the various Karnal and Dr. Mahantesh Shirur, Dy. Director, MANAGE.

3 Seed Production, Processing and Computer Applications in Agriculture Commercialization An International Training Program on “Computer An International Program on “Seed Production, Applications in Agriculture” under Indian Technical and Processing and Commercialization” was organized Economic Cooperation (ITEC) Program was organised during 12-26 February, 2019 at National Seed Research during 18th February - 6th March 2019 at MANAGE, and Training Centre (NSRTC), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh. The Hyderabad. The program was inaugurated by Dr. P.J. program was designed to build capacity of the FTF ITT Narayanan, Professor and Director, IIIT, Hyderabad and international participants on the areas related to seed Smt. V. Usha Rani, IAS, Director General, MANAGE. production, processing, testing, certification, quality The objective of the training program was to equip control and marketing. The program was inaugurated policy makers, administrators, researchers and field by Dr. Mangala Rai, Former Director General, ICAR, New level officials from different countries and strengthen Delhi. Dr. Arvind Nath Singh, Director, National Seed their technical capacity regarding the concerned theme. Research & Training Centre (NSRTC) and Dr. Mahantesh The main objectives of the program were to orient Shirur, Dy. Director, MANAGE were also present on the to the role and importance of computer application occasion. in agriculture; understand the tools and modules of Thirty one participants from nine Asian and African computer applications in agricultural extension for countries namely, Afghanistan, Cambodia, Myanmar, sustainable agriculture development; orient to latest Mongolia, Malawi, Kenya, Liberia, Tanzania and Uganda ICT innovations used in agriculture extension system in participated in the program. The Program concluded India and other countries; and to develop an action plan on 26th February in the presence of the Chief Guest for operationalization of the concepts leant during the Mrs. V. Usha Rani, IAS, Director General, MANAGE, training program. Mr. Mustapha EL Hamzaoui, Director, Food Security Twenty three delegates representing Ministry Office, USAID-India, and Dr. Arvind Nath Singh, Director, of Agriculture and Allied Departments and NSRTC. Agricultural Universities from Burundi, Cambodia, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Malawi, Mongolia, Nigeria, Sri Lanka, Sudan, South Sudan, Tanzania, Tajikistan and Vietnam, participated in the training program.

Workshop

Workshop on DAESI Diploma in Agricultural Extension Services for Input elicit stakeholders’ opinion on strengthening DAESI Dealers (DAESI) was initiated by MANAGE in 2003 implementation. A total of 29 delegates from 16 states to transform the input dealers into para extension participated in the Workshop and included Directors professionals by imparting technical knowledge on of SAMETIs, State DAESI coordinators and DAESI agriculture. Based on the significant impact of DAESI facilitators. during the pilot, the Government of India launched Smt. V. Usha Rani, IAS, Director General, MANAGE, in DAESI as a central sector plan scheme from the year the inaugural address highlighted the various ways of 2015 with 50% contribution of the Course fee. So far strengthening DAESI and emphasized that the DAESI a total of 14977 input dealers have been trained and training has resulted in increased social networking currently, 15560 input dealers are undergoing the of input dealers with the line department/KVKs/other program. At present, 17 states are involved in the faculty and scientists of research organizations. Good implementation of DAESI program. practices of DAESI were shared by the participating A one-day Review Workshop on DAESI was organised States. Recommendations from the Workshop on 15th February 2019 to assess the implementation pertained to the monitoring mechanism, study status of DAESI programme across the country and material, cost norms, etc.

4 Training Programs

Financial Inclusion, Agricultural Credit and Crop the Corporation for its agricultural marketing discipline. Insurance A comprehensive session plan was developed in A Training Program on Financial Inclusion, Agricultural consultation with the Corporation to meet a wide range Credit and Crop Insurance was organized during of needs of the participants. February 18-22, 2019 at MANAGE, Hyderabad. The Extension Management Approaches for objectives of the program were to orient officers to Promotion of Sericulture Industry the concepts of financial inclusion, agricultural credit A Training Program on Extension Management and crop insurance; spell out procedures followed in Approaches for Promotion of Sericulture Industry was crop loans in various crop insurance schemes; identify organized during January 28 – February 01, 2019 at constraints in these schemes and encourage new and MANAGE. The main objectives of the program were innovative technology in agriculture with bank finance. to orient the officials in promotion of sericulture The modules focused on financial inclusion; crop development activities; share various sustainable insurance (Prime Minister Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY)); employment models in rural areas under sericulture Risk assessment and Government policies. sector; and orient to various Extension Management Improving e-Governance in Agriculture Approaches for Strengthening the Sericulture Industry. This program was organized at MANAGE during 4-8 A total of 37 participants attended the program. February, 2019 with the objectives of bringing farmer Backyard Poultry Farming centric, service orientation throughout the crop cycle, A five days training program on “Backyard Poultry enhancing and integrating state and central ICT Management” was conducted by the ICAR- Directorate initiatives through a common framework across India for of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad in the benefit of all farmers. Twenty officers from various collaboration with MANAGE, Hyderabad from 19 - 23 states in India participated in the program. Focus was on February 2019. A total of fourteen trainees from animal fundamentals of NeGPA implementation and transition husbandry and agriculture departments of various role in Agriculture to various ICT enabled projects at states participated. national and state level. The training programme was aimed at updating the MDP on Agribusiness Supply Chain Management knowledge and recent developments in the backyard for Corporate Executives poultry production system and its management. A Management Development Programme on The participants were exposed to various aspects of Agribusiness Supply Chain Management was organized poultry breeding, breeds used for backyard poultry for Corporate Executives during February 4-6, 2019 at production, breeder management, poultry housing MANAGE, Hyderabad. There were 18 participants. The and management, routine farm operations, overall objectives were to impart an understanding of the basic farm management with special reference to backyard concepts which underpin the formation, operation and poultry production, brood management, basic concepts performance of supply chain management; evaluate how of poultry nutrition, feed ingredients, least cost rations, the changes in the competitive environment influence feed formulation and feed compounding with locally the formation and management of agribusiness supply available ingredients for backyard poultry farming. chains; and evaluate the performance of selected agribusiness supply chains in terms of value creation The trainees were also taken to Sitarampoor village to and sustainable competitive advantage. demonstrate backyard/rural poultry farming in a village set up. This program is expected to provide executives with an opportunity to examine critical issues in the Change Management: Startup Perspective management of supply chains for agricultural food The training program on “Change Management: Startup products for delivering value to consumers while Perspectives” was organized from February 06-08, 2019 remaining globally competitive. The major output from at MANAGE, Hyderabad. The program aimed to update the group assignments will be to analyse an agribusiness the participants about the difference between Managing supply chain and identify management issues associated Change and Change Management practices. Businesses with its operation. are more prone to changes in macro and micro economic factors. For business, efficiently coping up with the Marketing of Agricultural Inputs change is the key to sustainable growth. Experts apprised A training program on ‘Marketing of Agricultural the participants about Entrepreneurship development Inputs’ was organized by MANAGE, Hyderabad during in new India, innovative approaches for agri startups, 14 – 18 January 2019 for 40 participants from National dealing with technological changes, importance of Seeds Corporation (NSC), New Delhi. The program was intellectual property rights, managing and reinforcing organized for the Senior Trainees recently recruited by change.

5 MANAGE Academic Committee Meeting The 23rd Meeting of the Academic Committee of MANAGE was held on 7th February 2019 at MANAGE, Hyderabad. The meeting was chaired by Smt. V. Usha Rani, IAS, Director General, MANAGE. The committee reviewed the academic activities of MANAGE during 2018-19 and approved the Academic Calendar for 2019-2020. A total of 147 training programs are planned for 2019-2020.

Projects - PGDAEM

The Post Graduate Diploma in Agricultural Extension Management (PGDAEM) program of MANAGE, as part of project work provides an opportunity to the candidates to field test the learnings related to extension management skills that he/she has acquired from the program. Brief details on two of the projects are given below.

Comparative study of production and productivity of rice in Wet Rice Cultivation and Jhum areas of selected villages under Khawbung Block Champhai District - Mr. Lalmalsawma Khawlhring*

Introduction Mizoram state of India has the most difficult terrain, both wet rice cultivation and with over 80% of the total geographical area being hilly Jhum cultivation are being and the steep hills separated by rivers flowing North to practiced by the farmers. South. Though the State’s economy is predominantly Data on rice production agricultural, agriculture still remains under-developed under wet rice cultivation and the primitive method of Jhum (shifting cultivation) and Jhum cultivation was predominates. Both production and productivity are collected from about 10 Progressive farmers (paddy relatively low. Of the total area only 21 percent has farmers) through Group discussion and Semi structured paddy/seasonal crops, while 63 percent of the total interview. crop area is under Jhum cultivation. The forest areas are Findings continuously under pressure of shifting cultivation, with The average productivity of rice was higher (4.95 MT/ an estimated average area of 2.00 lakh acres of Forest ha) in WRC areas as compared to Jhum cultivation (1.95 cover annually being destroyed by slashing and burning MT/ha). This may be due to the fact that WRC areas of trees for Jhum land. This project compares rice have sufficient amount of water available due to proper production and productivity under wet rice cultivation irrigation channels, whereas, Jhum cultivation is solely and Jhum cultivation in selected areas. dependent on rain water with no irrigation channels. Objectives Besides this, Jhum cultivation areas are more prone to 1. To compare rice production and productivity/Hectare soil and nutrient erosion. of selected villages with respect to area under Wet Conclusions and Recommendations Rice Cultivation (WRC). It was also observed that Jhum cultivation is still 2. To compare rice production and productivity/Hectare prevalent among the rural areas as their main source of selected villages with respect to area under Jhum of livelihood. Such kind of land use may have a drastic cultivation area. effect on the natural environment. As such, conversion 3. To compare rice production under wet rice cultivation of such Jhum lands to permanent hill terracing should and Jhum cultivation areas of selected villages. be emphasized by the Government. Such studies would help extension functionaries in identifying the area Coverage where special monitoring is required. The study area included six villages viz. Khawbung, Leithum, Vanzau, Zawlsei, Khuangthing and Sesih, *Mr. Lalmalsawma Khawlhring is Block Technology under Khawbung RD Block, Champhai District where Manager, Champhai, Mizoram.

6 Socio Economic Upliftment of Rural Fishermen through Integrated Duck cum Fish Farming in Purulia-I Block of Purulia District - Mr. Abhishek Majhi*

Introduction Major Findings Fish culture in combination with agriculture or livestock In case of ‘Traditional is a unique and lucrative venture and provides a higher Pisciculture’, the average farm income, makes available a cheap source of protein Investment, Income and Profit were Rs.34210/-, for the rural population, increases productivity on small Rs.54325/- and Rs.20015/- respectively. On the landholdings and increases the supply of feed for the other hand, in case of ‘Integrated Duck cum farm livestock. This type of farming offers great efficiency Fish farming’ the average Investment, Income in resource utilization, as waste or by product from one and Profit were Rs. 53560/-, Rs. 82950/- and system is effectively recycled. It also enables effective Rs. 29290/- respectively. utilization of available farming space for optimum Conclusions production. The research clearly shows that there is a positive impact Scope of the study on the farmers. Fisheries also represent a vital sector in Integrated fish farming has a potential of job creation, the thrust Programme of West Bengal Government for particularly for unemployed youth in Purulia and can rural development through production of fish and other improve the standard of living of women. The system ancillary activities thereby generating rural employment components - pisciculture and animal husbandry and improvement of socio-economic status of the fishers (Duckery) are complementary in which duck droppings who are the prime contributors of fisheries production. act as a nutrient source for fish culture. The rising cost Some of the lacuna identified, viz. of protein rich fish food and chemical fertilizers as well as the general concern for energy conservation have • Small and medium water-bodies get dried up created awareness in utilization of rice and other crop due to drought situations and early withdrawal of fields and livestock waste for fish culture. monsoons that make the prospects of fisheries very bleak. Objectives 1) To examine the socio-economic background of • Excessive usage of surface water for irrigation Integrated Duck cum Fish Farmers. purposes by the cultivators at the upper reaches, results in inadequate water for the tail reach of the 2) To find the existing culture practice and their cannel system, which is a hindrance for fisheries. economics among the selected Integrated Duck cum Fish Farmers. • Due to deficiency of water volumes in water bodies, fish culture has become largely a seasonal activity 3) To find the economics of culture practices after and thus renders fishermen jobless for major part of intervention of Integrated Farming. the year. 4) To compare the two states of practice. Recommendations 5) To establish a management strategy for sustainable • More emphasis needed on fresh water aquaculture development through Integrated Duck cum Fish in the inland fisheries sector by exploiting all Farming. possible resources to bring all the impounded water Coverage resources under pisciculture. A sample of 20 respondents was selected randomly • Introduction of short-term credit plan to fish from four villages in Purulia-I Block of district Purulia in farmers to give a boost to fisheries sector thereby West Bengal. The generated data were computed and not only increasing production but also generating analyzed through statistical tools and overall economic employment in rural areas. returns in terms of productivity of the fishery and duckery enterprises, gross returns, net returns and ultimate B:C *Mr. Abhishek Majhi is Block Technology Manager, Purulia, ratio were calculated. West Bengal Traditional Pisciculture X Integrated Duck cum Fish farming (Average Investment, gross and net returns) Traditional Pisciculture Integrated Duck cum Fish farming Investment** Income** Profit** Investment** Income** Profit** (Approx) (Approx) (Approx) (Approx) (Approx) (Approx) (Rs/Yr.) (Rs/Yr.) (Rs/Yr.) (Rs/Yr.) (Rs/Yr.) (Rs/Yr.) 34310 54325 20015 53560 82950 29290

** Average of data collected from 15 farmers

7 Regd. No.64356/95 Republic Day Celebration

200 Enterprising Agripreneurs in Rural India Faculty News Dr. B.K. Paty, Director, Center for Supply Chain Management & Marketing in Agricultural Extension, retired from service on superannuation, on 28 February, 2019. He joined MANAGE as a Director in June 2012. He had over 30 years of experience in Training, A Compendium of “200 Enterprising Agripreneurs in Rural India” was Research and Consultancy. His areas of specialization released by Director General MANAGE, Smt. V. Usha Rani IAS on the included agricultural marketing and policy research. occasion of Republic day 2019. Silent Heroes MANAGE started a regular column in the Bulletin, to appreciate people who are working in the institute. Though they may not be at the helm of affairs, they contribute in an important way to organizational success. This issue profiles Mrs. M. Bhagya Lakshmi, Assistant Cashier who has been with Accounts Department of MANAGE since the last 22 years. Mrs. Bhagya has a Master’s degree in Economics with MBA (Finance). Her work relates to employees pay and IT calculations, filing GST returns, preparation of Annual Accounts and ACABC Accounts. Mrs Bhagya Lakshmi shares her thoughts. When did you join MANAGE? I joined MANAGE on March 13th 1997 as LDC and was promoted as Assistant Cashier in 2003. Prior to joining MANAGE I was working in NIRD from 1992 to 1997. I also went on deputation to NIPHM as an Office Superintendent (Accounts), for three years. What do you find challenging in your work and what motivates you? Learning new things, completing a difficult task and seeing it through to the end and working well on the task assigned to me, finding ways to solve a problem or overcoming a challenge. Appreciation from superiors is very motivating. Tell us about your family My husband is running a small business. My son is in BBA IVth year (Tourism and Hospitality) and my daughter is in BSc Agriculture IIIrd year. My family’s support is my strength. A dedicated staff member, Mrs. Bhagya Lakshmi believes that sincere effort and hard work always give good results. We wish her the best for her future.

Chief Editor Smt. V. Usha Rani, IAS MANAGE Bulletin is published by Smt. V. Usha Rani, IAS, Director General Editor National Institute of Agricultural Extension Management (MANAGE) Dr. Lakshmi Murthy Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, Govt. of India. Associate Editor Rajendranagar, Hyderabad - 500 030, India. Dr. A. Krishna Murthy Tel: +91 (0) 24016702-706 Fax: +91 (0) 40 24015388 Compilation and Design Mr. P. Sharath Kumar

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