Glossary of Nuclear Terms
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Cover image: Courtesey of EDF Energy — www.edfenergy.com/energy CONTENTS... 1 AT A GLANCE... 2 A BRIEF HISTORY OF NUCLEAR ENERGY... 4 BENEFITS OF NUCLEAR ENERGY... 5 WHAT THE PUBLIC THINK... 6 HOW NUCLEAR CREATES ENERGY... 7 HOW A REACTOR WORKS... 8 THE NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE... 9 MANAGING WASTE... 10 RADIATION EXPLAINED... 12 NUCLEAR AROUND THE WORLD... 14 UK NUCLEAR SITES... 16 NUCLEAR NEW BUILD... 17 NEW BUILD IN NUMBERS... 18 LOOKING TO THE FUTURE... 19 DECOMMISSIONING... 20 CAREERS IN NUCLEAR... 21 FUTHER INFORMATION... AT A GLANCE... Nuclear is a major part of our energy mix. Today it accounts for 21% of electricity generated in the UK and has been providing secure low carbon electricity for over 60 years. Low carbon energy, including There are 15 nuclear power and renewables, nuclear power account for almost 51% of the reactors operating UK’s generation electricity mix across eight sites in the UK In 2016 nuclear energy avoided 22.7 million metric tonnes of CO2 emissions in the UK BEIS,Digest of UK Energy Statistics 2018 That’s equivalent to taking around a third of all cars in the UK off the road Civil nuclear contributes over £6 billion to the jobs in the UK civil nuclear sector UK economy as much as aerospace manufacturing 12,159 Women in civil nuclear 1,981 People on apprenticeships Three quarters of the public 914 believe nuclear should be part People on graduate schemes of the clean energy mix Jobs Map figures generated from participating NIA members 1 This simple timeline charts some of the key people, events and legislation A BRIEF HISTORY OF NUCLEAR ENERGY.. -
Memorandum Forwarding Memorandum from the Director Of
1 0-I AEc 755/36 Februar 27, 1661 COPY,-NO.A.L ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION REPORT BY DR. LOUIS B. WERNER, ABC SCIENTIFIC REP•ESENTATIV, LONDON Note by the Secretary The General Manager has requested that the attached memorandum and enclosures from the Director of International Affairs be circulated for the information of the Commission. W, B. McCool Secretary DISTRIBUTION COPY NO. DISTRIBUTION COPY NO. Secretary 1 International Affairs 29 - 39 Commissioners 2 - 6,81 Licensing & Regulation 40 - 41 General Manager 7 Operations Analysis 42 Deputy Gen. Mgr. 8 Production 43 - 44 Asst. Gen. Mgr. 9- 10 Raw Materials 45 - 46 Asst. Gen. Mgr. IA 11 Reactor Development 5 - 55 Asst. Gen. Mgr. Mfg. 12 Research Asst. Gen. Mgr. R&S 13 Security 56 Asst. Gen. Mgr. R&ID 14 Special Projects Asst. Gen. Mgr. Adm. 15 Albuquerque Oprns. 58 5-7 60 Asst, to the GM 16 Chicago Oprns. 61 - 62 General Counsel 17 - 20 Hanford Oprns. 63 Biology & Medicine 21 Idaho Oprns. 64 - 65 Classification 22 New York Oprns. 66 Congr. Relations 23 Oak Ridge Oprns. 67-69 Health & Safety 24 San Francisco Oprns. 70 Isotope Development 25 Savannah River Oprns. 71 - 72 Public Information 26 - 27 D. C. Office 73 - 75 Intelligence 28 Secretariat 76 - 80 When sen enclosures3 ha . LASSIFIED fit, CMEN qITH CONTAINS CLA FENSE INFORMATION RRNTOREBILII'TRAL FILES ROOM 016 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT Memorandum TO : A. R. Luedecke, General Hianaj2pr DATE: FEB 13 16 THRU: John A. Hall, AGMIIA fl.' FROM. : A. A. Wells, i o Division of I~ e a SUBJECT: REPORT PREPARED BY DR. -
小型飛翔体/海外 [Format 2] Technical Catalog Category
小型飛翔体/海外 [Format 2] Technical Catalog Category Airborne contamination sensor Title Depth Evaluation of Entrained Products (DEEP) Proposed by Create Technologies Ltd & Costain Group PLC 1.DEEP is a sensor analysis software for analysing contamination. DEEP can distinguish between surface contamination and internal / absorbed contamination. The software measures contamination depth by analysing distortions in the gamma spectrum. The method can be applied to data gathered using any spectrometer. Because DEEP provides a means of discriminating surface contamination from other radiation sources, DEEP can be used to provide an estimate of surface contamination without physical sampling. DEEP is a real-time method which enables the user to generate a large number of rapid contamination assessments- this data is complementary to physical samples, providing a sound basis for extrapolation from point samples. It also helps identify anomalies enabling targeted sampling startegies. DEEP is compatible with small airborne spectrometer/ processor combinations, such as that proposed by the ARM-U project – please refer to the ARM-U proposal for more details of the air vehicle. Figure 1: DEEP system core components are small, light, low power and can be integrated via USB, serial or Ethernet interfaces. 小型飛翔体/海外 Figure 2: DEEP prototype software 2.Past experience (plants in Japan, overseas plant, applications in other industries, etc) Create technologies is a specialist R&D firm with a focus on imaging and sensing in the nuclear industry. Createc has developed and delivered several novel nuclear technologies, including the N-Visage gamma camera system. Costainis a leading UK construction and civil engineering firm with almost 150 years of history. -
Investigating Effect of Clay Composition on Safety Function
THE UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER Investigating Effect of Clay Composition on Safety Function Performance in a Geological Disposal Facility (GDF) A thesis submitted to the University of Manchester for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Science and Engineering 25th of September 2018 Adam Peter Sims School of Chemistry 49 Table of Contents Table of Contents.............................................................................................................2 Table of Figures................................................................................................................8 Table of Tables................................................................................................................15 Commonly used Abbreviations.......................................................................................17 Abstract............................................…............….............................................................19 Declaration of Work.................................................................................................…....20 Copyright Statement....................................................................................................…21 Acknowledgements.......................................................................…............................…22 About the Author............................................................................................................23 1. Introduction and Thesis content ........................................................................ -
Stress Tests for UK Non Nuclear Power Plants
Office for Nuclear Regulation An agency of HSE Stress tests for UK Non Nuclear Power Plants Progress Report 5 December 2011 Progress Report on Stress tests for UK Non Nuclear Power Plants Office for Nuclear Regulation An agency of HSE © Crown copyright 2011 First published December 2011 ONR Report ONR‐UKST‐REP‐11‐001 Revision 0 You may reuse this information (excluding logos) free of charge in any format or medium, under the terms of the Open Government Licence. To view the licence visit www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open‐ government‐licence/, write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email [email protected]. Some images and illustrations may not be owned by the Crown so cannot be reproduced without permission of the copyright owner. Enquiries should be sent to [email protected]. Unless otherwise stated, all corporate names, logos, and Registered® and Trademark™ products mentioned in this Web site belong to one or more of the respective Companies or their respective licensors. They may not be used or reproduced in any manner without the prior written agreement of the owner(s). For published documents, the electronic copy on the ONR website remains the most current publicly available version and copying or printing renders this document uncontrolled. This document is issued by the Office for Nuclear Regulation (ONR), an agency of HSE. For further information about ONR, or to report inconsistencies or inaccuracies in this publication please visit www.hse.gov.uk/nuclear. Progress Report on Stress tests for UK Non Nuclear Power Plants Office for Nuclear Regulation An agency of HSE Executive Summary Following the events at Fukushima, Japan on 11 March 2011, the nuclear industry in the UK responded quickly to review UK plants against seismic and flooding hazards. -
ONR Quarterly Report Q2 2011/12 (July 11 – September 11)
Office for Nuclear Regulation An agency of HSE Cover Hinkley Point C At a glance Programmes update News Stress tests Sites we regulate ONR Quarterly Report Q2 2011/12 (July 11 – September 11) next u ONR Quarterly Report Office for Nuclear Regulation Q2 2011/12 (July 11 – September 11) An agency of HSE Cover Hinkley Point C At a glance Programmes update News Stress tests Sites we regulate Hinkley Point C: what it means for ONR The consideration of the nuclear site licence n July, ONR received the first environmental protection and issues raised in Mike Weightman’s Isite licence application for a waste management. interim and final report into the application for Hinkley Point C is an important new nuclear power station in 20 As discussed by Paul Brown accident at Fukushima. milestone for ONR as we strive towards our years and it’s important that we in last quarter’s report, ONR has Looking at how this fits with reflect upon and celebrate how moved to programme working, the Hinkley Point site licence vision of becoming we got here. demonstrating how it can meet application, ONR expects the a world-leading The application from NNB the challenges presented by whole process to be complete Generation Company, or NNB new build regulation: working ahead of NNB GenCo’s plans to nuclear GenCo, is one of a number of effectively and efficiently, while start building the main reactor regulator, proposed new nuclear power being open and transparent. structures in 2013. But once stations in the UK. Over the next Being open and transparent is again, this depends on us writes Director 18 months we will assess NNB at the heart of ONR’s vision and being satisfied with the reactor of Nuclear GenCo’s suitability, capability it is with that same transparency designs through GDA. -
DELIVERING ONSITE NUCLEAR PROJECTS: on TIME and on BUDGET 26–27 September 2017, Renaissance Manchester City Centre Hotel, Manchester
SAVE 10% 4 AUGUSTOFFER ENDS 2017 DELIVERING ONSITE NUCLEAR PROJECTS: ON TIME AND ON BUDGET KEY SPEAKERS INCLUDE: Timothy Johnson, Ops Manager, Investment Delivery EDF Energy Generation Phil Kruse, Environmental Technical Manager & Radioactive Waste Adviser NNB Generation Company, EDF Energy Tim Cook, Major Projects and Programme Manager (PFCS and Infrastructure) Nuclear Decommissioning Authority Craig Lavender, Head of EPR Regulation – New Reactors Programme Office for Nuclear Regulation Nuclear Power Committee, Ann McCall, Waste Management Director Power Industries Division Radioactive Waste Management Ltd. Conference Paul Dundee, Project Manager 26–27 September 2017 Magnox Ltd. Renaissance Manchester City Centre Hotel, Ron Hibbert, DSRL Senior Project Manager Manchester Dounreay Site Restoration Ltd. SUPPORTING ORGANISATIONS: EVENT PARTNER: Save 10% before 4 August 2017 www.imeche.org/nuclearprojects2017 DELIVERING ONSITE NUCLEAR PROJECTS: ON TIME AND ON BUDGET 26–27 September 2017, Renaissance Manchester City Centre Hotel, Manchester AS ONE OF 15 COUNTRIES DEVELOPING NUCLEAR ATTEND THIS EVENT TO: ENERGY, THE UK INDUSTRY IS • Network with project directors INVESTING £37 BILLION INTO and managers, architects NUCLEAR NEW BUILD. AS NEW and designers from licensees PROJECTS ARE UNDERTAKEN, and operators as well as key IT IS ESSENTIAL THAT THE contractors and suppliers NUCLEAR ENGINEERING • Gain lessons learned from COMMUNITY LEARNS THE projects implemented by key LESSONS FROM EXISTING licensees and operators including NNB Generation Company, SITES AND DECOMMISSIONING EDF Energy, Dounreay Site PROGRAMMES. Restoration Ltd., Magnox Ltd., Delivering Onsite Nuclear Projects conference NuGeneration Ltd., EDF Energy Generation and Horizon Nuclear will provide attendees with best practice and Power successful strategies to shape new projects while reducing time and cost. -
Onr Corporate Plan 2017/18 En Route to 2020
ONR CORPORATE PLAN 2017/18 EN ROUTE TO 2020 Office for Nuclear Regulation Corporate Plan 2017/18 Financial year 1 April 2017 to 31 March 2018 Presented to Parliament pursuant to Paragraphs 23 and 25(3) of Schedule 7 to the Energy Act 2013 July 2017 © ONR copyright 2017 The text of this document (this excludes, where present, the Royal Arms and all departmental or agency logos) may be reproduced free of charge in any format or medium provided that it is reproduced accurately and not in a misleading context. The material must be acknowledged as ONR copyright and the document title specified. Where third party material has been identified, permission from the respective copyright holder must be sought. Any enquiries related to this publication should be sent to us at [email protected] This publication is available at https://www.gov.uk/government/publications Print ISBN 9781474145695 Web ISBN 9781474145701 ID P002881793 06/17 Printed on paper containing 75% recycled fibre content minimum Printed in the UK for Williams Lea Group on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office CONTENTS 1. Foreword .........................................................................................................1 2. About this plan ..............................................................................................3 3. Our Operating Environment .........................................................................9 4. Our Strategic Themes and Key Activities ....................................................15 Influencing improvements -
Magnox Achievements 2017/18 Magnox Achievements 2017/18 3
Achievements 2 017/18 2 Magnox Achievements 2017/18 Magnox Achievements 2017/18 3 Introduction We can all be extremely proud of the achievements that the Magnox and Cavendish Bradwell Site takes another critical step towards care and maintenance, as the end of Fluor Partnership team have made in the safe and secure decommissioning of intermediate level waste (ILW) operations is set to complete. Magnox sites. This includes the successful and safe management Of the packages placed for interim storage to date, more than During the past 12 months we have made further significant acknowledge and this booklet cannot do it justice but at of sludges, which accumulated during the 40 years 40 contain dried resin and more than 60 contain dried sludge. progress and there is much to celebrate, not least: forging least it will give you a flavour of the work that is being done of Bradwell’s operation. This achievement follows a significant 12 months for the ahead with the closure of Bradwell Site in 2018; continued across Magnox that might not be visible to all. In a programme spanning more than seven years, several site, which also saw the completion of fuel element debris defuelling at Wylfa; nuclear material transfers from Harwell separate projects covering waste retrieval, packaging dissolution in June 2017 and the reclassification of some Site to Sellafield and making significant advances in hazard We recognise and appreciate all the good work that and conditioning have contributed to the site’s ILW being of this ILW as low level waste, enabling it to be sent to reduction across all our sites as follows: is being done by our staff, suppliers and contractors; working together as one team to make things happen transferred into the interim storage facility. -
What Is This Document?
Proposed Scheme Overview This document is an overview of the Stage Two Proposed Scheme Consultation document. To comment on the consultation, for more information on our consultation events or to access the full document please visit the consultation website, www.nugenconsultation.com An introduction from NuGen’s CEO What is this I had the privilege of becoming document? Chief Executive a year ago, and one of my first acts was The Moorside Project aims to build to visit NuGen’s team at a a nuclear power station, to the north consultation exhibition event and west of the Sellafield Site in West Cumbria (called the Moorside Site). It at Workington. will include other developments such The team was exactly half way through a as: worker accommodation at Corkickle, programme of consultation exhibitions Mirehouse and Egremont; rail works and were having some great conversations at the Moorside Site, at St Bees and with people from communities across between Corkickle and Mirehouse; West Cumbria and beyond about what highway improvement works at various the Moorside Project would mean to them. sites and other development at the We had over 1,800 people through the doors in our first stage of consultation, Moorside Site, including a Marine Off- visiting both our travelling exhibition and the Moorside Information Centre Loading Facility. Construction work will in the Civic Hall in Whitehaven. We’re grateful that over 750 of those people take place from 2018. took the time to give us written feedback on our proposals. This overview aims to provide a summary We’re now returning with our second stage of consultation. -
Hitachi's Involvement in Use of Nuclear Power Generation To
Hitachi Review Vol. 62 (2013), No. 1 70 Hitachi’s Involvement in Use of Nuclear Power Generation to Resolve Energy Issues Masahiko Nakane OVERVIEW: Despite significant changes in the status of nuclear power Takashi Masui generation around the world since the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Masahiro Hamamoto Nuclear Power Station of Tokyo Electric Power Co., Inc., considerations such as global environmental problems and energy security mean that many Mizuki Igarashi countries still have plans to introduce nuclear power under study or in progress. Regarding the adoption of nuclear power generation by countries that are pursuing the peaceful use of nuclear energy, Hitachi is collaborating with its BWR technology partner, GE-Hitachi Nuclear Energy Americas LLC, to make further safety improvements and to work toward resolving global energy issues. INTRODUCTION generation. However, because the Ignalina power WHEN the future of nuclear power is considered, plant used the same light-water-cooled, graphite- factors such as the shale gas (unconventional natural moderated reactors as the Chernobyl Nuclear Power gas) revolution in the USA and changes in policy Plant, Unit 1 was shutdown in late 2004 and Unit 2 in by national governments after the accident at the late 2009 as part of the terms of the nation’s accession Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station mean that to the European Union (EU), and the reactors are circumstances have changed significantly from the “nuclear renaissance” that people spoke of only a few years ago. Nevertheless, highly economic nuclear 0 30 60 km power has a contribution to make to society and still Planned site for construction of retains an important role as a way of overcoming Visaginas Nuclear Power Plant global challenges such as global environmental problems and energy security. -
United Kingdom
UNITED KINGDOM (Updated 2013) 1. GENERAL INFORMATION 1.1 Country Overview 1.1.1 Governmental System Not provided. 1.1.2 Geography and Climate United Kingdom (UK) is an abbreviated form of United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The UK consists of England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales, and lies in north-western Europe, occupying the major portion of the British Isles. The country’s only land boundary is with the Republic of Ireland. The UK is separated from the coast of Western Europe by the English Channel to the south and by the North Sea to the east. The northern and western shores are washed by the Atlantic Ocean. Generally, the United Kingdom has cool to mild winters and warm summers, with moderate variation in temperature throughout the year. In England, the average annual temperature varies from 8.5 °C in the north to 11 °C in the south, but over the higher ground this can be several degrees lower. This small variation in temperature is to a large extent due to the moderating effect the Atlantic Ocean has—water has a much greater specific heat capacity than air, and tends to heat and cool slowly throughout the year. This has a warming influence on coastal areas in winter and a cooling influence in summer. On average, the warmest winter temperatures occur on the south and west coasts, although warm temperatures occasionally occur due to a foehn wind warming up the downwind after crossing the mountains. Temperatures in these areas can rise to 15 °C in winter, on rare occasions.