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The Great Lakes Entomologist

Volume 37 Numbers 1 & 2 - Spring/Summer 2004 Numbers Article 3 1 & 2 - Spring/Summer 2004

April 2004

Feeding Records of True Bugs (: Heteroptera) From Wisconsin

Andrew H. Williams University of Wisconsin

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Recommended Citation Williams, Andrew H. 2004. "Feeding Records of True Bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) From Wisconsin," The Great Lakes Entomologist, vol 37 (1) Available at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol37/iss1/3

This Peer-Review Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Biology at ValpoScholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Great Lakes Entomologist by an authorized administrator of ValpoScholar. For more information, please contact a ValpoScholar staff member at [email protected]. Williams: Feeding Records of True Bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) From Wiscon

16 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. 37, Nos. 1 & 2 FEEDING RECORDS OF TRUE BUGS (HEMIPTERA: HETEROPTERA) FROM WISCONSIN Andrew H. Williams1

ABSTRACT Basic to our understanding of any and its habitat requirements is knowing what it eats. Reported here are observations of feeding by 49 species of true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) encountered in Wisconsin over 1992-2002.

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Knowing what an animal eats is basic to our understanding of that ani- mal and its habitat requirements. From 1992 through 2002, I accumulated many observations of feeding in Wisconsin. Presented here are data from 49 species and subspecies in 11 families including , Berytidae, , Cydnidae, Lygaeidae, , Nabidae, , , Rhopalidae and Scutelleridae. The data are presented in two tables: Table 1 includes records of feeding on , Table 2 includes records of feeding on insects. Some species appear in both tables. eurinus (Say) (Alydidae) and Slaterobius insignis (Uhler) (Lygaeidae) were associated with carrion. Unless otherwise noted, all insects listed are adults, all insects were collected in prairies and savannas, and all insects and plants were determined by me. nomenclature follows Gleason and Cronquist (1991). Voucher specimens are deposited in the Research Collection of the Entomol- ogy Department at the University of Wisconsin - Madison.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS My prairie insect research over 1992-2002 was supported, in part, by grants from The Prairie Enthusiasts - Southwest Chapter, Citizens Natural Resources Association of Wisconsin, Lois Almon Small Grants Program, Natu- ral History Museums Council of UW - Madison, The Nature Conservancy, the Cooperative Prairie Insect Project administered by Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources and supported by a grant from U. S. Fish and Wildlife Ser- vice Partnership for Wildlife Grant Program, and several private donors, sup- port for which I am most grateful. Many individuals were in other ways support- ive of my research, notably these: M. S. Arduser of the Missouri Dept. of Conser- vation; C. H. Dietrich and W. E. LaBerge of the Illinois Natural History Survey; D. G. Furth of the Smithsonian Institution; T. J. Henry of the Systematic Ento- mology Lab of USDA; R. W. Husband of Adrian College; J. E. McPherson of Southern Illinois University; A. S. Ramsdale of the Bishop Museum; E. G. Riley of Texas A & M University; J. C. Trager of Shaw Nature Reserve; A. G. Wheeler, Jr. of Clemson University; J. C. Dunford of University of Florida; J. L. Kaspar of University of Wisconsin - Oshkosh; K. R. Katovich of University of Wisconsin - Whitewater; and C. M. Brabant, J. P. Gruber, D. B. Hogg, S. J. Krauth, N. L. Kriska, A. E. Lisberg, D. L. Mahr, J. A. Maxwell, P. J. Pellitteri, M. B. Price, S. L. Statz and D. K. Young of the University of Wisconsin - Madison. I’m also grate- ful to M. Anderson, M. Black, A. Blattner, R. Christoffel, G. Eldred, L. A. Ferge, G. Johnson, D. G. LeDoux, B. Mandernack, M. & R. Norman, C. Ontl, U. Petersen, J. & R. Sime and M. Ulrich. This work simply could not have been done without the help of E. Y. Williams and D. K. Young.

1Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706.

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2004 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST 17 LITERATURE CITED Gleason, H. A. and A. Cronquist. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. 2nd ed. N. Y. Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY. Williams, A. H. 2000. Wisconsin Cydnidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Great Lakes Entomol. 33:161-164.

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18 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. 37, Nos. 1 & 2 outh- Plant Structure and Notes N DS DS S S DS DS DS DS RS, with Megalotomus quinquespinosus DS DS DS DS RS DS, RS, PYS S DS N N DS N DS Plant Family Asteraceae Apiaceae Asteraceae Caesalpiniaceae Rhamnaceae Fabaceae idago speciosa Aster oolentangiensis Eupatorium sessilifolium Chamaecrista fasciculata Amorpha canescens Astragalus canadensis candida Dalea purpurea Desmodium canadense Lespedeza capitata Lupinus perennis Ceanothus herbaceus Senna hebecarpa Amorpha canescens Astragalus canadensis Baptisia lactea Dalea candida Dalea purpurea Desmodium canadense Desmodium illinoense Lathyrus venosus Lespedeza capitata Plant Species Sol Eryngium yuccifolium Table 1. Observations of Heteroptera feeding on plants. Bugs were adults unless otherwise indicated. Repeated insertion m was parts into flower openings was assumed to be feeding on nectar (N). An immobile bug with it mouthparts inserted plant tissue flowers assumed to be feeding on seeds (S), developing (DS), ripe (RS), of the previous year (PYS), leaves, stems, or fruits. Seeds fed upon were attached to plants. Stems in just below . Bug Species Alydidae Alydus conspersus (Say) Montandon Alydus eurinus

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2004 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST 19 Alydus eurinus flowers stems N N Plant Structure and Notes DS RS DS RS, with DS DS S S, also at night DS DS flowers S DS S DS DS Plant Family Rhamnaceae Apocynaceae Caesalpiniaceae Rhamnaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Cornaceae Onagraceae Curcurbitaceae Lupinus perennis Strophostyles helvola Ceanothus herbaceous Lupinus perennis Apocynum cannabinum Senna hebecarpa Baptisia lactea Dalea candida Desmodium canadense Desmodium illinoense Lespedeza capitata Lupinus perennis Ceanothus americanus Dalea purpurea Amorpha canescens Oenothera biennis Cornus racemosa lobata Gaura biennis Plant Species Elymus canadensis Table 1. Continued Bug Species Herrich-Schaeffer Megalotomus quinquespinosus (Say) Alydus pilosulus Van Duzee Coreidae Anasa armigera Protenor belfragei Haglund Berytidae Jalysus wickhami (Say)

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20 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. 37, Nos. 1 & 2 ymphs, reared N Plant Structure and Notes N stems stems, adults & nymphs, reared stems stems, nymphs, reared stems stems stems stems leaf midveins developing pods (?DS) stems, nymphs, reared; developing pods (?DS) floral tubes, adults & nymphs stems, leaf midveins stems N flowers S, n S, N N N N stems Plant Family Apiaceae Apocynaceae Asclepiadaceae Nyctaginaceae Asclepiadaceae Asteraceae Fabaceae Onagraceae Rosaceae Apiaceae Apocynaceae Asclepiadaceae Asclepias tuberosa Achillea millefolium Pastinaca sativa Apocynum cannabinum Asclepias syriaca Asclepias viridiflora Mirabilis nyctaginea Ambrosia psilostachya Ambrosia trifida Centaurea maculosa Cirsium arvense Cirsium discolor Coreopsis palmata Echinacea pallida Ratibida pinnata Solidago gigantea Astragalus canadensis Oenothera biennis Oenothera clelandii Geum laciniatum Zizia aurea Apocynum androsaemifolium Apocynum cannabinum Asclepias amplexicaulis Plant Species Table 1. Continued Bug Species Catorhintha mendica Stal Chariesterus antennator (Fabricius) Euthochtha galeator (Fabricius) Merocoris distinctus Dallas

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2004 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST 21 Plant Structure and Notes N flowers stems stems stems stems DS, nymphs, reared stems, adults & nymphs, reared; nymphs green & red, resembling pods flowers, DS, in woods DS, in woods N N N stems Plant Family Asteraceae Fabaceae Rutaceae Asteraceae Fabaceae Apiaceae OnagraceaeAsteraceaeAsteraceae PYS Anacardiaceae RS N N Asclepias viridiflora Achillea millefolium Lupinus perennis Coreopsis tripteris Erigeron annuus Eupatorium purpureum Ratibida pinnata Solidago canadensis Desmodium canadense Desmodium glutinosum Cryptotaenia canadensis Osmorhiza longistylis Ratibida pinnata Heliopsis helianthoides Solidago canadensis Rhus glabra Plant Species 1 Table 1. Continued Bug Species Piezogaster calcarator (Fabricius) Cydnidae Corimelaena obscura McPherson & Sailer Lygaeidae Kleidocerys resedae (Panzer) Ligyrocoris diffusus (Uhler) Lygaeus turcicus Fabricius Oenothera biennis Neacoryphus bicrucis (Say)

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22 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. 37, Nos. 1 & 2 Plant Structure and Notes RS, nymphs, reared PYS, nymphs, reared; DS, adults & nymphs PYS, nymphs, reared RS, adults & nymphs, reared N DS leaf midveins stems, flower buds stems, developing pods leaves DS N N N N Plant Family Lamiaceae Onagraceae Rosaceae Apiaceae Asteraceae Asclepiadaceae Asteraceae FabaceaeApocynaceaeBoraginaceae Commelinaceae Fabaceae Liliaceae leaves N Apiaceae N Fabaceae Monarda fistulosa Oenothera biennis Oenothera clelandii Potentilla arguta Pastinaca sativa Achillea millefolium Echinacea pallida Asclepias ovalifolia Lupinus perennis Helianthus pauciflorus Lupinus perennis Lithospermum carolinense ohiensis Lupinus perennis Smilacina stellata Zizia aurea Dalea villosa Plant Species 2 Table 1. Continued Bug Species Neortholomus scolopax (Say) Miridae Adelphocoris lineolatus (Goeze) Coquillettia mimetica Hadronema militare Uhler Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) Metriorrhynchomiris dislocatus (Say) Orthops scutellatus Uhler Apocynum cannabinum Osborn

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2004 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST 23 leaves leaves leaves leaves leaves leaves DS, nymphs, reared DS, nymphs, reared DS, adults & nymphs, reared leaves leaves leaves leaves leaves leaves leaves leaves leaves Plant Structure and Notes DS N N N leaves leaves leaves Fabaceae Solanaceae Verbenaceae Fabaceae Asclepiadaceae Lamiaceae Caesalpiniaceae Fabaceae Verbenaceae Boraginaceae Lamiaceae Urticaceae Plant Family Anacardiaceae Asteraceae sp. Gleditsia triacanthos Lespedeza capitata Solanum dulcamara Verbena hastata Asclepias syriaca Pycnanthemum virginianum Senna hebecarpa Astragalus canadensis Verbena hastata Cirsium vulgare Eupatorium maculatum Eupatorium perfoliatum Eupatorium rugosum Ratibida pinnata Rudbeckia hirta Silphium perfoliatum Vernonia fasciculata Hackelia virginiana Monarda fistulosa Nepeta cataria Stachys Parietaria pensylvanica Rhus glabra Cirsium arvense Plant Species Amorpha canescens Nabidae Nabicula subcoleoptrata Kirby Pentatomidae Acrosternum hilare (Say) Table 1. Continued Bug Species Poecilocapsus lineatus (Fabricius)

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24 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. 37, Nos. 1 & 2 ymphs, reared ymphs, reared Plant Structure and Notes stems or seeds, nymphs, reared adults & nymphs on ripe fruits, reared DS, nymphs, reared DS DS RS, nymphs, reared stems, flowers DS, also at night DS, RS N Plant Family Asclepiadaceae Amaranthaceae AsteraceaeCactaceae Fabaceae AsclepiadaceaeBoraginaceaeFabaceae DS Poaceae S stems DS n S, ApiaceaeScrophulariaceaeRanunculaceae Asclepiadaceae n S, Amaranthaceae DS ApiaceaeApocynaceae Asclepiadaceae N Asteraceae stems Boraginaceae N N stems Asclepias incarnata Froelichia floridana Cirsium discolor Opuntia humifusa Lupinus perennis Onosmodium molle Amorpha canescens Lespedeza capitata Poa compressa Oxypolis rigidior Scrophularia lanceolata Veronicastrum virginicum Thalictrum dasycarpum Asclepias incarnata Oxypolis rigidior Apocynum androsaemifolium Asclepias tuberosa Cirsium discolor Lactuca canadensis Onosmodium molle Plant Species 3 Table 1. Continued Bug Species Apoecilus bracteatus (Fitch) Chlorochroa persimilis Horvath Coenus delius (Say) Asclepias verticillata Cosmopepla bimaculata (Thomas) ictericus (Linnaeus) Euschistus servus euschistoides (Vollenhoven) Froelichia floridana

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2004 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST 25 Rhyssomatus lineaticollis Plant Structure and Notes stems, DS DS, nymphs, reared DS stems DS, nymphs, reared stems at fresh oviposition sites of the weevil (Say) N DS, adults & nymphs, reared RS DS DS Plant Family Caesalpiniaceae FabaceaeLamiaceaePoaceaeRanunculaceae DS N DS S AsteraceaeBoraginaceaeCornaceaeAsclepiadaceae stems DS Asteraceae N BoraginaceaeEuphorbiaceaeFabaceae stems DS Ranunculaceae DS DS DS sp. Rosaceae DS sp. Rosaceae DS Senna hebecarpa Amorpha canescens Dalea purpurea Desmodium canadense Monarda punctata virgatum Paspalum setaceum Ranunculus hispidus Agrimonia Onosmodium molle Cornus racemosa Asclepias incarnata Asclepias syriaca Asclepias verticillata Cirsium discolor Onosmodium molle Euphorbia corollata Amorpha canescens Dalea candida Dalea villosa Desmodium canadense Lespedeza capitata Anemone canadensis Agrimonia Plant Species Table 1. Continued Bug Species Euschistus tristig mus luri dus Lactuca canadensis Dallas Euschistus variolarius (Palisot de Beauvois)

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26 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. 37, Nos. 1 & 2 Plant Structure and Notes leaf midveins probing in and about flowers S DS DS, nymphs, reared N DS N N DS N Plant Family Scrophulariaceae Verbenaceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Poaceae Poaceae Apiaceae Asclepiadaceae Asteraceae Verbascum thapsus Verbena stricta Conyza canadensis Panicum virgatum Zizia aptera Zizia aurea Asclepias verticillata Lactuca canadensis Koeleria pyramidata Solidago canadensis Plant Species Solidago gigantea Table 1. Continued Bug Species Holcostethus limbolarius (Say) (Stal) lugens (Fabricius) Podisus maculiventris (Say) Stiretrus anchorago (Fabricius) Trichopepla atricornis Stal Reduviidae Sinea diadema (Fabricius) Rhopalidae Liorhyssus hyalinus (Fabricius) Scutelleridae Eurygaster alternata

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2004 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST 27 DS Plant Structure and Notes DS S S S DS Plant Family Lamiaceae Onagraceae Poaceae Panicum virgatum Monarda fistulosa Oenothera biennis Paspalum setaceum Poa compressa Stipa spartea Plant Species See too Williams (2000). Determined by T. J. Henry. Determined by J. E. McPherson. 1 2 3 Table 1. Continued Bug Species Homaemus aeneifrons (Say) Homaemus bijugis Uhler

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28 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. 37, Nos. 1 & 2 Insect Order and Family Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae Coleoptera, Meloidae Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae Hemiptera, Cicadellidae , Arctiidae Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae , Halictidae Diptera, Culicidae Diptera, Stratiomyidae Diptera, Syrphidae Diptera, Syrphidae Diptera, Tabanidae Hymenoptera, Apidae Hymenoptera, Apidae Hymenoptera, Apidae Hymenoptera, Formicidae Hymenoptera, Halictidae Hymenoptera, Halictidae 2 1 5 3 3 P Diptera, Tachinidae 5,6 7 Wiedemann (DeGeer) Metcalf (Ellis) (Ellis) LeConte Cresson 3 (Harris) Cresson (Hubner) Smith & Lawrence Wheeler Walker (Forster), larva (Walker) (Say) Say 4 sp. Insect Fed Upon Longitarsus subrufus Diabrotica barberi Diabrotica cristata Epicauta pensylvanica Aedes Philaenus spumarius (Linnaeus), nymphAthysanus argentarius Hemiptera, Cercopidae fulvicollis Blepharida rhois Lasioglossum rohweri Stratiomys badia Eristalis bardus Eristalis tenax (Linnaeus) Tabanus quinquevittatus Archytas apicifer Apis mellifera Linnaeus P Bombus bimaculatus Bombus impatiens montana Halictus ligatus Lasioglossum rohweri Melin (Say) (DeGeer) Uhler Table 2. Observations of Heteroptera feeding on insects. All were adults unless otherwise noted. Killing of prey, denoted (P), was Table 2. Observations of Heteroptera feeding on insects. All were adults unless otherwise noted. Killing prey, denoted (P), rarely observed. Feeding Bug Nabidae Nabicula subcoleoptrata Kirby Pentatomidae Podisus maculiventris Podisus placidus Reduviidae multispinosa Phymata americana

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2004 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST 29 Insect Order and Family Lepidoptera, Arctiidae Hemiptera, Miridae Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae Lepidoptera, Lepidoptera, Noctuidae Lepidoptera, Noctuidae Lepidoptera, Noctuidae Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae Lepidoptera, Pieridae Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae Hymenoptera, Bethylidae Coleoptera, Cantharidae Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae (DeGeer) 9 8 8 8 8 10 (Fabricius) Hymenoptera, Vespidae (Goeze) 8 8 LeConte (Grote) (Kirby) (Godart) (Say) (Pallas) Coleoptera, Coccinellidae (Hubner) Smith & Lawrence (Guenee) Godart Byers Mecoptera, Panorpidae (Boisduval) (Fabricius) (Snellen) Insect Fed Upon Dolichovespula arenaria Euphyes vestris Pristocera armifera Anagrapha falcifera Feltia jaculifera meditata Xestia smithii Boloria bellona Nymphalis milberti Panorpa helena Harmonia axyridis Adelphocoris lineolatus Chauliognathus pensylvanicus Diabrotica barberi Longitarsus subrufus (Fabricius) Determined by S. J. Krauth. Determined by E. G. Riley. Determined by M. S. Arduser. Determined by W. E. LaBerge. Determined by R. W. Husband. Determined by L. A. Ferge. Determined by C. H. Dietrich. Determined by J. C. Trager. Determined by P. J. Pellitteri. Fed upon by fourth and fifth instar nymphs as well adults. 1 3 10 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 Table 2. Continued. Feeding Bug Sinea diadema

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