Noorntaztesa AMERICAN MUSEUM PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST AT 79TH STREET NEW YORK, N.Y. 10024 U.S.A. NUMBER 2673 MARCH 23, 1979

FIREDERICK H. RINDGE A Revision of the North American of the (, Geometridae)

AMERICAN MUSEUM

No iltates

PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST AT 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, N.Y. 10024 Number 2673, pp.1-18, figs. 1-20, maps 1-3 March 23, 1979

A Revision of the North American Moths of the Genus Lomographa (Lepidoptera, Geometridae)

FREDERICK H. RINDGE'

ABSTRACT The members of this genus have been referred to keys are given for them. Each one is redescribed; the name Bapta for many years; however, the correct both the adults and their genitalia are illustrated. generic assignment is Lomographa Hubner. Both Distributional maps show the known range for each genera have the same type ; Lomographa was species. One change in synonymy is made: virginalis published four years before Bapta. The four North Cassino and Swett is placed as a synonym of American species are revised for the first time, and glomneraria Grote. INTRODUCTION For more than 60 years the North American two generic terms was incorrect. Bapta has members of this genus have been placed under been utilized by such workers as Barnes and the name Bapta. However, Lomographa was McDunnough (1917, p. 111); McDunnough published before Bapta and is the correct ge- (1938, p. 156) and Forbes (1948, p. 274) in neric name. The four North American species North America; Inoue (1956, p. 303) in Japan; have never been revised; their genitalia have Bleszynski (1966, p. 30) in Poland; Silva Cruz neither been described nor figured. In addition, and Gongalves (1977, p. 17) in Portugal; and the relationships of this genus have never been Forster and Wohlfahrt ([1978], p. 200) in Eu- satisfactorily explored. These considerations led rope. Kloet and Hincks (1972, p. 67) gave the me to undertake the present revisionary study. correct usage and synonymy, namely that One of the major problems with this group Bapta is a synonym of Lomographa because has been the proper application of the correct both generic names have the same type species generic name. For many years this assemblage and the former was published four years after in both the Old World and the New World was Lomographa. Now that this typology has been known primarily as Bapta, with Lomographa established it will be necessary to review all being applied to an entirely different group. species described under both these generic Much of this usage probably followed Prout names to establish their proper placement. The (1909, p. 280; 1915, p. 314); unfortunately, he present paper is a revision of the four species did not have the correct type species for either found in North America, north of Mexico. Bapta or Lomographa, and so his use of the Another problem has been the misidentifi-

'Curator, Department of Entomology, the American Museum of Natural History.

Copyright (©) The American Museum of Natural History 1979 ISSN 0003-0082 / Price $1.55 2 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 2673 cation or incorrect use of other generic names. one another. Very little or nothing is known The North American species have been vari- about the early stages of and Phry- ously placed, incorrectly, in Corycia, gionis, so comparisons of the immatures with Orthofidonia, Deilinia, Cabera, and Macaria Lomographa are not possible at this time; this as well as in Bapta-but never, until now, in should be done when material becomes avail- Lomographa. Three of our species were de- able. Based on the material at hand, I am scribed from females, with the males not being accepting Ferguson's placement of these genera known until some time later. This, in itself, in the . complicated the placing of these taxa in the The North American species usually are on proper genus, as males have more characters of the wing in late spring and early summer, with generic value than do females. Barnes and at least some of them being partial or primarily McDunnough (1917, p. 111) were the first to day flying. In the northern portion of their correctly group the four species under a single range, they are apparently basically single generic heading. brooded; in the south it is possible that more Morphologically, the species form a com- than one generation per year is produced. Very pact and easily recognized group, as the adult little seasonal variation is present in the species characters and male genitalia are quite similar of Lomographa. This also applies to individual to one another. This is also true for the female and geographic variability, with the exception genitalia of three of the four species. The three of glomeraria; this problem is discussed under that occur in eastern North America have the that species. papillae anales with slender tapering setae and As the included species are relatively easy to with the apophyses attached anteriorly; the sin- recognize, I am accepting most of the refer- gle western species (elsinora) has larger pa- ences in the literature as being valid. The ma- pillae anales with capitate setae and with the jority of citations refer to geographic apophyses attached medially. The former repre- distribution; these I have listed chronologically sents the plesiomorphic condition, as it is found under Distribution for each species. My distri- in the two Palearctic species (bimaculata and bution maps are based entirely on specimens I temnerata) examined, as well as in practically have examined, and do not include literature all of the other species of Lomographa I have references. dissected from Middle and South America and During the course of this study, I have ex- from New Guinea, and in the members of the amined 1807 specimens (1153 males, 654 fe- two other genera of the Baptini found in North males) and 57 genitalic preparations (30 males, America. Only one other species with ap- 27 females) of North American species. This omorphic female genitalia has been studied in includes the four primary types in North Amer- addition to elsinora; the former occurs in south- ica (in AMNH, MCZ, and USNM). The three em Mexico, and has large papillae anales with in the British Museum (Natural History) were a single row of thick inwardly curving setae on not personally examined; color transparencies each side, and with the apophyses attached me- of them were kindly furnished me by D. S. dially. Fletcher of that institution. In addition, I have The relationships of the Lomographa within studied a number of Neotropical and Old World the Baptini, at least in the New World, are specimens and their genitalia. The majority of poorly known; this is due in large part to an the dissections were prepared by me; in addi- almost complete lack of study of the Neotropi- tion, slide mounts of the antennae and legs cal . Ferguson (personal commun.) were made of the North American and two has suggested that Palyas and Palearctic species. All the North American should be placed in the Baptini. Superficially, specimens studied by me at the American Mu- the members of these primarily tropical genera seum of Natural History have had identification do not look like the species of Lomographa; labels placed on their pins (with the exception morphologically the adults are quite similar to of primary types). The majority of specimens 1979 RINDGE: LOMOGRAPHA 3

(1104) and slides (44) are in the collection of ring north of Mexico by the simple antennae of that institution. the males, by the much smaller socius in the The following abbreviations have been used: male genitalia, and by the more elongate fe- AMNH, the American Museum of Natural History male genitalia. CNC, the Canadian National Collection ADULT: Head, eyes large, round; front flat MCZ, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard or slightly swollen, extending beyond eyes for University short distance, dorsal margin rounded or angu- USNM, National Museum of Natural History, late; tongue elongate; palpi short, not quite Smithsonian Institution reaching front; antennae of both sexes simple, with from about 45 to 60 segments. Thorax ACKNOWLEDGMENTS slender; patagia with numerous hairlike scales; I acknowledge with thanks the cooperation fore tibia unarmed, process one-third to one- and aid of the following colleagues who have half length of segment in male, slightly shorter me to study types and specimens in in female; hind tibia with two pairs of elongate allowed spurs, not dilated and without hair pencil in their charge, who have furnished me with spec- male. Abdomen slender, without tufts and imens and photographs, and who have been without row of setae on third segment of male, kind enough to answer many questions: Mr. and eighth segment unmodified. Forewings Andre Blanchard, Houston, Texas; Mr. D. S. for the Department of Entomology, broadly triangular, with 12 veins; with or with- Fletcher out areole; R1 shortly united with Sc, then ei- British Museum (Natural History); Mr. K. B. ther free to costa or shortly united with R2, Bolte for the Canadian National Collection; Mr. R5 from stalk before R3+4; M1 from upper an- Julian P. Donahue for the Natural History Mu- gle; udc and mdc straight, ldc weakly curved seum of Los Angeles County; Dr. D. C. Fergu- anteriorly; Cu1 from below lower angle; fovea son for the National Museum of Natural absent. Hind wings broad; frenulum strong; Sc History, Smithsonian Institution; Dr. Alfred F. approximate to R in basal portion of cell; R Newton, Jr., for the Museum of Comparative and M1 from before upper angle; M3 from Zoology; and Dr. J. A. Powell for the Califor- lower angle; cell extending half width of wing; nia Survey Collection. I am particularly Cu1 from one-tenth to one-third distance be- indebted to Mr. Fletcher for furnishing me the tween angle and Cu2. information on the type species of the two ge- MALE GENITALIA: Uncus elongate, very neric names. I also thank Mrs. Marjorie slender, of even width, finely setose, curving Favreau for the preparation of the maps. ventrally, terminating in single spine; socius either rudimentary or elongate; gnathos with SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTIONS very slender margins, large, rectangular or sub- GENUS LOMOGRAPHA HUBNER triangular, without median enlargement; valves Loinographa Hiubner, [1825], p. 311. moderate or large in size, rounded apically, Corycia (misidentification, not Duponchel, 1829): with rounded, inflatable, membranous sac at Guenee, 1857, p. 57. Walker, 1861, p. 871. Pack- base covered with numerous, very long, slender ard, 1876, p. 300. Grote, 1882b, p. 47. Smith, setae, costa weakly or moderately developed, 1891, p. 69. Gumppenberg, 1896, p. 221. valvula simple or with weakly sclerotized ridge; Bapta Stephens, 1829, p. 147. Anon., 1882, p. 23. transtilla present, either mostly membranous or Barnes and McDunnough, 1917, p. 111. McDun- strongly sclerotized; anellus weakly sclerotized, nough, 1938, p. 156. Forbes, 1948, p. 274. sagittate or subtriangular; cristae very long and Orthofidonia (misidentification, not Packard, 1876): slender; furca absent; tegumen elongate, sides Hulst, 1896, p. 324. Dyar, "1902" [1903], p. either slender and tapering or swollen; saccus 304. Smith, 1903, p. 72. elongate, bluntly pointed or rounded anteriorly, DIAGNOSIS: The species of Lomographa can anterior end curved ventrally and with ven- be distinguished from the other Baptini occur- trolateral projection on each side of central dig- 4 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 2673 itate process; aedeagus simple, tubelike, either adults and genitalia are based on the four North shorter than or subequal in length to combined American species, and the Palearctic bi- lengths of tegumen and saccus; vesica either inaculata and teinerata. unarmed or with several to many spines. FEMALE GENITALIA: Papillae anales either KEY TO SPECIES short, weakly convex, with slender setae and BASED ON COLOR AND MACULATION apophyses attached anteriorly, or larger, swollen medially, with capitate setae, and with 1. All wings above shiny white, without macula- apophyses attached medially; apophyses poste- tion ...... vestaliata riores short to moderate in length; sterigma in- Not as above ...... 2 2. Upper surface of forewings dark gray or grayish conspicuous, membranous; lamella postvagi- black, contrasting with shiny white hind nalis either absent or heavily sclerotized and wings ...... semiclarata prominent; ductus bursae short to very long, Not as above ...... 3 membranous or slightly sclerotized, not clearly 3. Upper surface of forewings evenly and finely differentiated from corpus bursae; ductus semi- speckled pale gray, with reduced maculation nalis arising ventrally or ventrolaterally from and dark gray fringe; hind wings white, with posterior portion of corpus bursae; corpus bur- obsolescent extradiscal line; length of fore- sae either with slender, elongate posterior por- wing 10 to 12 mm ...... elsiltora tion and small globose or saclike anterior part, Upper surface of forewings coarsely speckled or rounded and rectangular; signum either pres- grayish brown to gray, rarely white, with cross lines and discal spot usually prominent; ent or absent. hind wings concolorous with, or slightly EARLY STAGES: Partially and superficially paler than forewings, usually with extradis- described for seiniclarata, vestaliata, and cal line and discal dot; length of forewing 11 glomneraria (see references under these species, to 15 mm ...... glolneraria below). FOOD PLANTS: Various members of the BASED ON MALE GENITALIA Rosaceae appear to be the preferred hosts. In addition, the members of the genus in North 1. Aedeagus extremely narrow, 0. 1 mm. or less in America are recorded as feeding on Aceraceae, width; vesica unarmed ...... vestaliata Betulaceae, Capfifoliaceae, Fagaceae, and Sali- Aedeagus wider, 0.2 to 0.3 mm. in width; ves- caceae. (See references for semiclarata, ves- ica with spines ...... 2 taliata, and glomeraria, below; the food plant 2. Vesica with broad band of 35 to 40 slender ...... seiniclarata of elsinora is unknown.) spines Vesica not as above ...... 3 TYPE SPECIES: For Lomographa, Geometra 3. Combined lengths of tegumen and saccus 1.7 to taminata [Denis and Schiffermiiller], 1775; by 1.8 mm. in length ...... glotneraria subsequent designation of Warren, 1899, p. Combined length of tegumen and saccus 1. 1 to 342. Geometra taminata is a junior subjective 1 .2 mm. in length ...... elsinora synonym of Phalaena bimaculata Fabricius, 1775. BASED ON FEMALE GENITALIA For Bapta, Phalaena bimaculata Fabricius, 1775; by subsequent designation of Westwood, 1. Papillae anales short, simple, with slender, ta- 1840, p. 103. pering setae; signum present ...... 2 DISTRIBUTION: Holarctic, extending south Papillae anales larger, outer margin swollen, members with capitate setae; signum absent. elsinora into the tropics. In the New World, with short teethlike around of the genus occur from southern Canada to 2. Signum projections outer margin ...... semiclarata Argentina and southern Brazil. In the Old Signum strongly dentate ...... 3 World, they occur from Japan to England, and 3. Ductus seminalis arising at least 2.0 mm. from south to at least New Guinea and Fergusson anterior margin of sterigma ...... vestaliata Island in the D'Entrecasteaux Islands. Ductus seminalis arising not more than 1.0 mm. REMARKS: The above description of the from anterior margin of sterigma. gloitneraria 1979 RINDGE: LOMOGRAPHA 5

Lomographa semiclarata (Walker), new spot showing through from under surface; ex- combination tradiscal line absent or weakly represented by a Figures 1, 2, 7, 11 few dark brown scales on veins; terminal line Corycia semniclarata Walker, 1866, p. 1653. Pack- with black venular spots, some specimens with ard, 1876, p. 302, pl. 10, fig. 24 (adult). Grote, very narrow grayish black line connecting 1882b, p. 47. Smith, 1891, p. 69. Hulst, 1894, p. spots; fringe long, concolorous with wing. 304. Gumppenberg, 1896, p. 223. Under Surface of Wings: Forewings white, Bapta serniclarata: Anon., 1882, p. 23. Barnes and with brownish black or black maculation; discal McDunnough, 1917, p. 111. McDunnough, 1938, spot large, elongate; t. p. and s. t. lines repre- p. 156. Forbes, 1948, p. 69. sented in anterior portion of wing; terminal line Orthofidonia seiniclarata: Hulst, 1896, p. 325. Dyar, complete, thickened at veins; fringe dark gray, "1902" [1903], p. 304. Smith, 1903, p. 72. Hol- becoming paler posteriorly. Hind wings pure land, 1919, p. 337, pl. 43, fig. 30 (adult). white, with black or brownish maculation; dis- Bapta viatica Harvey, 1874, p. 265, pl. 11, fig. 6 (adult). Packard, 1876, p. 302 (synonym of semni- cal spot large; extradiscal line represented by clarata). venular dots and a few scattered dark scales in between; subterminal area, in some specimens, DIAGNOSIS: The species is recognized by the with a few scattered dark scales; terminal line forewings above being much darker than the complete, thickened at veins; fringe con- shiny white hind wings. The genitalia are char- colorous with wing. acterized, in the male, by the broad band of 35 Length of Forewing: 9 to 10 mm. to 40 slender spines in the vesica and, in the FEMALE: Similar to male, but tending to female, by the short teethlike projections have slightly paler maculation. around the outer margin of the signum. Length of Forewing: 9 to 11 mm. MALE: Head with vertex having mixture of MALE GENITALIA: Socius moderately elon- pale grayish white and brown scales; front gate; gnathos rectangular; valves widened medi- slightly rounded, shiny white, dorsally rounded ally, not extending posteriorly as far as end of and with a few brown scales; palpi white, pale uncus; transtilla sclerotized, complete; anellus brown laterally. Thorax above with mixture of sagittate, with posterolateral lobes; tegumen white and dark brown scales, shiny white be- slightly longer than wide, sides slender; saccus low; legs white, with outer surfaces brown. rounded anteriorly, with ventrolateral projec- Abdomen above with mixture of white and tions and curved median end of about equal dark brown scales, below white. length; aedeagus equal in length to combined Upper Surface of Wings: Forewings white, lengths of tegumen and saccus, slightly nar- with brown and brownish black scales becom- rowed medially, posteroventral end lightly scle- ing more numerous distally, resulting in basal rotized, bluntly pointed; vesica with about 35 half of wing appearing grayish, outer half to 40 slender spines in broad band occupying grayish black; t. a. line represented by large about half length of aedeagus. dark spot on costa two-fifths distance from FEMALE GENITALIA: Papillae anales short, base, by dark areas at middle of wing and at with slender, tapering setae, apophyses posteri- inner margin; discal spot elongate; t. p. line ores attached anteriorly and 0.9 to 1.0 mm. in complete, broad, grayish black, arising three- length; ductus bursae slightly longer than wide; fourths distance from base, darkened and tend- ductus seminalis arising ventrally near posterior ing to be outwardly projecting on veins, weakly end of corpus bursae; corpus bursae with S-shaped; s. t. area pale, more or less com- slender, elongate, longitudinally striate poste- plete, most clearly represented as whitish costal rior portion, and small globose anterior part; dash and as area above inner margin; terminal signum round at surface of corpus bursae, ex- area dark, concolorous with t. p. line; terminal tending inwardly and becoming larger, outer line represented by dark venular spots; fringe margin with short, sharply pointed, teethlike concolorous with terminal area. Hind wings projections. shiny white; intradiscal line absent; black discal EARLY STAGES: Descriptions of the eggs and 6 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 2673

FIGS. 1-6. Adults of Lomtiographa. 1, 2. L. semniclarata (Walker), males. 1. Horseheads, New York, May 22, 1940 (L. R. Rupert; AMNH). 2. Wallace, Idaho, May 7, 1915 (0. Huelleman; AMNH). 3, 4. L. vestaliata (Guenee), males. 3. Lectotype, "Amerique septentrionale" (USNM). 4. West Englewood, New Jersey, June 3, 1954 ( F. H. Rindge; AMNH). 5, 6. L. elsiniora (Hulst). 5. Holotype, female, Elsinore, California, March 28, 1899 (Dietz; AMNH). 6. Male, Cloudburst Canyon, California, May 21, 1942 (AMNH). All x 1.7. first instar larvae have been given by Dyar (1951, p. 124), Ferguson (1954, p. 307; 1975, (1904, p. 903), and the later instar caterpillars p. 25), Prentice (1963, p. 394), and Sugden by Sugden (1968, p. 24). (1968, p. 24). The last two authors also list FOOD PLANTS: Various members of the Populus (Salicaceae) and Alnus (Betulaceae). Rosaceae appear to be the favored hosts, with Sugden (op. cit.) gave Pseudotsuga (Pinaceae), Amelanchier, Aronia, , and but I think that this record needs to be verified having been cited by Bird (1927, p. 125), Jones as it is the only record for a conifer in the 1979 RINDGE: LOMOGRAPHA 7 genus. I have examined specimens reared from The species has been caught as far north as Aronia (USNM), Prunus, and (CNC; 54047' in eastern Quebec (CNC). In the conti- Rosaceae). nental United States, it ranges from the north- TYPES: Walker described semiclarata from a eastern states south in the Appalachian single female. The holotype is in the collection Mountains to North and South Carolina, and of the British Museum (Natural History). west to Washington and Oregon. The species Harvey had at least one specimen of each occurs in the Black Hills of South Dakota and sex when he described viatica. Hulst (1894, p. along the eastern face of the Front Range in 304) stated that the type was in the British Colorado. There are citations in the literature Museum (Natural History), but did not give (see below) from New Jersey, Iowa, and any details about tlie specimen or its locality. Missouri; I do not have any material from these The syntype now in that collection is a male states before me. For records from specific without locality data but bearing what is pre- areas see Smith, 1910, p. 500 (New Jersey); sumably Harvey's label for viatica. This speci- Bird, 1927, p. 125 (Manitoba); Blackmore, men is hereby designated as the lectotype and 1927, p. 40 (British Columbia); Forbes, 1928, has been so labeled. p. 598 (New York); Brown, 1934, p. 243 (On- TYPE LOCALITIES: North America (semi- tario); Procter, 1938, p. 236, and 1946, p. 275 clarata); unknown, but either Catskill Moun- (Maine); Jerrell and Jaques, 1944, p. 465 tains, New York, or Quebec, according to the (Iowa); Bowman, 1951, p. 149 (Alberta); Jones, original description (viatica).- 1951, p. 124 (British Columbia); Tietz, [1952], DISTIUBUTION: Transcontinental (see map 1). p. 132 (); Ferguson, 1954, p. 307 In Canada, semiclarata occurs across the south- (Nova Scotia); Moore, 1955, p. 67 (); ern portion from Newfoundland and Nova Baker, "1959" [1960], p. 219 (Oregon); Pren- Scotia to Vancouver Island, British Columbia. tice, 1963, p. 394, fig. 238 (Canada); Covell,

MAP 1. Distribution of (Walker). 8 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 2673

1970, p. 174 (Wisconsin); Brower, 1974, p. 100 unarmed vesica; the female structures by the (Maine); Ward, Harmsen, and Hebert, "1974" more posterior origin of the ductus seminalis. [1975], p. 28 (Ontario). MALE: Head with vertex and front shiny FLIGHT PERIOD: Late March into July, with white; front flat, dorsally rounded; palpi very most of the moths examined having been small, ochraceous. Thorax and abdomen, above caught in May and June. and below, shiny white; legs white, brownish REMARKS: Three hundred ninety-six speci- on outer surface. mens (296 males, 100 females) and 15 genitalic Upper Surface of Wings: All wings and dissections (eight males, seven females) have fringes shiny white, without maculation. been studied. Under Surface of Wings: All wings and Walker's holotype of semiclarata is in good fringes shiny white except for pale brownish condition, although somewhat worn; the right costal region and anterior veins on forewings; hind wing has a deep tear along the anal mar- without maculation. gin. The lectotype of viatica is in excellent Length of Forewing: 8 to 10 mm. condition; there is no question that this name is FEMALE: Similar to male, but with less a synonym of semiclarata. brownish scaling on under surface of forewing. There appears to be relatively little vari- Length of Forewing: 9 to 11 mm. ability within the species. Moths from the MALE GENITALIA: Socius elongate; gnathos northeastern United States appear to have the subtriangular; valves slender, not swollen medi- upper surface of the forewings slightly darker ally, extending posteriorly as far as, or slightly in color than do specimens from Canada and beyond, end of uncus; transtilla weakly scle- the western United States. rotized, complete; anellus subtriangular, with In the East, this species is primarily one that weakly sclerotized posterior margin; tegumen flies during the day, and seldom comes to light attenuate, longer than wide, sides slender; sac- at night. I have never caught it in the western cus elongate, rounded or bluntly pointed ante- portion of its range, but I assume that it has riorly, curved median end reduced to rounded similar flight habits. Because of its diurnal ac- lip connecting prominent ventrolateral projec- tivity, it can be mistaken for some of the spring tions; aedeagus slightly shorter than combined butterflies when on the wing. lengths of tegumen and saccus, very slender, 0.1 mm. in width, posteroventrally weakly scle- (Guenee), new rotized, posterodorsally with slender, weakly combination sclerotized striate band; vesica unarmed. Figures 3, 4, 8, 12 FEMALE GENITALIA: Papillae anales short, with slender, tapering setae, Corycia vestaliata Guenee, 1857, p. 59. Walker, apophyses posteri- 1861, p. 873. Packard, 1876, p. 301, pl. 10, fig. ores attached anteriorly and 0.8 to 0.9 mm. in 23 (adult). Grote, 1882b, p. 47. Smith, 1891, p. length; ductus bursae very long and slender, 1.5 69. Gumppenberg, 1896, p. 223. Oberthur, 1923, to 2.0 mm. in length, scarcely differentiated pp. 234, 287, pl. DLIII, fig. 4706 (lectotype from corpus bursae; ductus seminalis arising male). ventrolaterally, on right side near posterior end Bapta vestaliata: Anon., 1882, p. 23. Barnes and of corpus bursae; corpus bursae with slender, McDunnough, 1917, p. 111. McDunnough, 1938, longitudinally striate posterior portion about p. 156. Forbes, 1948, p. 69. equal in length to globose anterior portion, sur- Orthofidnotia vestaliata: Hulst, 1896, p. 325. Dyar, face of latter finely reticulate; sterigma round at "1902" [1903], p. 304. Smith, 1903, p. 72. Hol- surface of corpus bursae, extending inwardly land, 1919, p. 337, pl. 43, fig. 31 (adult). and becoming larger, outer margin strongly DIAGNOSIS: This small species is recognized stellate. by the upper surface of the wings being shiny EARLY STAGES: The egg and larvae were white and not having any maculation. The gen- described by Dyar (1902, p. 336). italia are characterized, in the male, by the FOOD PLANTS: A number of different hosts aedeagus being extremely narrow and by the have been reported, but various members of the 1979 RLNDGE: LOMOGRAPHA 9

7

FIGS. 7-10. Male genitalia of Loinographa. 7. L. seiniclarata (Walker), Estes Park, Colorado, 1938 (J. Moomaw; AMNH). 8. L. vestaliata (Guenee), Picton Island, New York, May 29, 1962 (B. Heineman; AMNH). 9. L. glolneraria (Grote), Mt. Mitchell State Park, North Carolina, June 22, 1975 (J. B. Sullivan; AMNH). 10. L. elsiniora (Hulst), San Diego, California, April 12, 1908 (G. H. Field; AMNH; the left valve has been torn).

Rosaceae appear to be preferred; these include tions (see fig. 3). I hereby designate it as the Crataegus, , Prunus, and Sorbus. Other lectotype, and have so labeled it. recorded food plants include Carpinus (Be- TYPE LOCALITY: "Amerique septentrionale." tulaceae), Quercus (Fagaceae), Acer DISTRIBUTION: Eastern and central North (Aceraceae), and Symphoricarpos (Ca- America (see map 2). In Canada, vestaliata prifoliaceae). For food plant references, see occurs across the southeastern portion from Bruce (1887, p. 48), Dyar (1902, p. 336), Nova Scotia into Manitoba; Prentice (reference Smith (1910. p. 500), Forbes (1928, p. 598), below) recorded the species from Newfound- Ferguson (1954, p. 308; 1975, p. 25), and land. In western Canada, vestaliata is known Prentice (1963, p. 395). I have examined speci- from southwestern Alberta and southeastern mens reared from Malus, Prunus, and Sorbus British Columbia. In the continental United (all in USNM). States it probably occurs in all the states east of TYPES: Guenee described vestaliata from the Rocky Mountains, although I have not seen two males, one in the collection of Zeller, the any specimens from , eastern Mon- other in Guenee's. Oberthur (1923, pp. 234, tana, and eastern Wyoming. It flies in the 287, pl. DLIII, fig. 4706) illustrated the speci- Black Hills of South Dakota and along the men from the Guenee collection. This specimen eastern face of the Front Range in Colorado. I is now in the National Museum of Natural have seen one specimen labeled as being from History, via the Oberthuir and Barnes collec- central New Mexico, but this needs verifica- lo AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 2673

vania); Ferguson, 1954, p. 308 (Nova Scotia); Moore, 1955, p. 67 (Michigan); Prentice, 1963, :a p. 395, fig. 239 (Canada); Kimball, 1965, p. 1 174 (Florida); McFarland, "1966" [1968], p. 15 (Kansas); Covell, 1970, p. 174 (Wisconsin); Heitzman, "1973" [1974], p. 173 (Missouri); Brower, 1974, p. 100 (Maine); Ward, Harmsen, and Hebert, "1974" [1975], p. 28 (Ontario). FLIGHT PERIOD: From March into Septem- el ber; one November record has been seen. The majority of specimens from the northern por- tion of the range have been captured in May, June, and July. In northeastern Mississippi, the moths have been taken from March into Sep- tember (specimens in AMNH). This indicates 11 12 several generations per year in the southern portion of the range, compared with a single brood in the north. REMARKS: Eight hundred forty-four speci- mens (565 males, 279 females) and 16 genitalic dissections (eight of each sex) have been stud- ied. The lectotype is in good condition, although it is slightly worn. There is very little apparent variation within this widely ranging species. This species commonly flies during the day, and it is also attracted to light at night.

Lornographa gloineraria (Grote), new combination Figures 9, 13, 15-20 14 Deiliniia glo)ieraria Grote, 1881a, p. 41; 1881b, p. 13' 134; 1882a, p. 84. Smith, 1891, p. 69. Deiliniia (:) 1882b, p. 47. FIGS. 11-14. Female genitalia of Lolnographa. 11. glomneraria: Grote, Cabera glotineraria: Anon., p. 23. L. semiclarata (Walker), Chimney Gulch, Colorado Macaria gloineraria: Hulst, 1896, p. 331. Dyar, (Oslar; AMNH). 12. L. vestaliata (Guenee), Orient, "1902" [19031, p. 311. Smith, 1903, p. 74. Hol- New York, August 12, 1952 (R. Latham; AMNH). land, 1919, p. 340, pl. 44, fig. 3 (adult). 13. L. glomtieraria (Grote), Ohio (H. Edwards; Bapta glonieraria: Barnes and McDunnough, 1917, AMNH). 14. L. elsiniora (Hulst), Wheeler Hot p. 111. McDunnough, 1938, p. 156. Forbes, 1948, Springs, California, April 12, 1958 (AMNH). p. 69. Bapta glomeraria ab. merricki Cassino and Swett, tion. For records from specific areas see Slos- 1922, p. 179. McDunnough, 1938, p. 156. 69. son, "1890" [1891], p. 17 (New Hampshire); Forbes, 1948, p. Bapta Cassino and p. 23. Smith, 1910, p. 500 (New Jersey); Forbes, virginialis Swett, 1923, 243 McDunnough, 1938, p. 156. NEW SYN- 1928, p. 598 (New York); Brown, 1934, p. ONYMY. (Ontario); Procter, 1938, p. 236, and 1946, p. 279 (Maine); Jones and Kimball, 1943, p. 113 DIAGNOSIS: This relatively large species is (); Jerrel and Jaques, 1944, p. recognized by the pale gray upper surface of 465 (Iowa); Tietz, [1952], p. 132 (Pennsyl- the wings, with the forewings usually having 1979 RINDGE: LOMOGRAPHA I I two cross lines and a discal spot. The genitalia broad, dark, diffuse, weakly S-shaped, meeting are characterized, in the male, by their large inner margin three-fourths distance from base; size and by the confluent pair of spines in the terminal line very slender, brown, interrupted vesica and, in the female, by the corpus bursae by veins; fringe concolorous with wing. Hind having an elongate, striate posterior portion and wings white, with scattered grayish brown and a strongly stellate signum. brown scales except anteriorly; discal spot, MALE: Head with vertex shiny white; front black, small; extra discal line faint, more or flat, brown to dark brown; palpi concolorous less complete, brown; terminal line brown, with, or slightly paler than front. Thorax above slender; fringe concolorous with wing. white with scattered dark brown scales, below Under Surface of Wings: Forewings white or grayish white; legs white, brown on outer sur- grayish white, anterobasal portion suffused with faces. Abdomen above white with scattered grayish brown, and with brown scales extend- dark brown scales, below grayish white. ing along costal area to outer margin; discal Upper Surface of Wings: Forewings white, spot black, small; t. p. line usually clearly more or less heavily and evenly covered with represented anteriorly, becoming obsolescent or grayish brown and brown scales, outer portion absent posteriorly; terminal line brown, slender, of wing usually slightly darker than basal two- narrowly interrupted by veins; fringe con- thirds; t. a. line obsolescent to prominent, colorous with wing. Hind wings white with when present dark, diffuse, appearing in discal scattered dark brown scales; discal spot black, cell and extending more or less straight to meet small; extradiscal line represented by brownish inner margin two-fifths distance from base; dis- black scales on veins, some specimens with cal spot black, small; t. p. line arising as dull complete line; terminal line and fringe similar black dash 2.0 to 2.5 mm. from apex of wing, to those of forewing.

MAP 2. Distribution of Lomographa vestaliata (Guenee). 12 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 2673

FIGS. 15-20. Adults of (Grote). 15. Male, Halifax watershed area, Nova Scotia, May 8, 1957 (D. C. Ferguson; USNM). 16. Male, New Brighton, Pennsylvania, April 26, 1901 (H. D. Merrick; AMNH). 17. Form "merricki", holotype, male, New Brighton, Pennsylvania, April 21, 1902 (H. D. Merrick; USNM). 18. Male, Mt. Mitchell State Park, North Carolina, May 15, 1975 (J. B. Sullivan; AMNH). 19. Bapta virginalis Cassino and Swett, allotype, female, Kerrville, Texas, May, 1904 (MCZ). 20. Bapta virginalis Cassino and Swett, holotype, male, Kerrville, Texas, April 13 (H. Lacey; MCZ). All x 1.7.

Length of Forewing: 12 to 15 mm. posteriorly as far as end of uncus; transtilla FEMALE: Similar to male. lightly sclerotized, reduced medially; anellus Length of Forewing: 11 to 15 mm. sagittate, with small posterolateral lobes; tegu- MALE GENITALIA: Socius small, not promi- men with length equal to width, tapering poste- nent; gnathos rectangular, with anterior margin riorly, sides slender; saccus rounded anteriorly, curved; valves widest medially, not extending with small ventrolateral projections and elon- 1979 RINDGE: LOMOGRAPHA 13 gate curved median end; aedeagus slightly DISTRIBUTION: Eastern North America, ex- longer than combined lengths of tegumen and tending west to between 950 and 1000 W longi- saccus, weakly constricted medially, posteriorly tude (see map 3). The species occurs in lightly sclerotized and with sharply pointed southern Canada from Nova Scotia into eastern apex; vesica with two confluent sclerotized Manitoba. In the continental United States it spines, often appearing as one, one slightly extends from the northeast to western Florida, longer than other, with longer being one-third and west to central Texas, Missouri, and length of aedeagus, and with from zero to five Wisconsin. For records from specific areas see small, slender, shorter spines near posterior end Forbes, 1928, p. 598 (New York); Procter, of dual spines. 1938, p. 236, and 1946, p. 275 (Maine); Tietz, FEMALE GENITALIA: Papillae anales short, [1952], p. 132 (Pennsylvania); Ferguson, 1954, with slender, tapering setae, apophyses posteri- p. 308 (Nova Scotia); Moore, 1955, p. 67 ores attached anteriorly and 1.0 to 1.2 mm. in (Michigan); Prentice, 1963, p. 396 (Manitoba); length, ductus bursae short, two to three times Kimball, 1965, p. 175 (Florida); Covell, 1970, as long as wide; ductus seminalis arising ven- p. 174 (Wisconsin); Heitzman, "1973" [1974], trally near posterior end of corpus bursae; cor- p. 173 (Missouri); Brower, 1974, p. 100 pus bursae with slender, elongate, curved, (Maine); Ward, Harmsen, and Hebert, "1974" lightly sclerotized, longitudinally striate poste- [1975], p. 28 (Ontario). rior portion, and small rounded anterior part; FLIGHT PERIOD: From late February (in the signum shallow, not extending deeply into cor- south) into June. The majority of specimens pus bursae, outer margin strongly stellate. examined have been taken in April, May and EARLY STAGES: While the species has been June. reared, apparently the only descriptive notes REMARKS: Three hundred ninety-one speci- that have been published were by Ferguson mens (211 males, 180 females) and 15 genitalic (1954, p. 308). dissections (eight males, seven females) have FOOD PLANTS: Prunus, and possibly Cra- been studied. taegus, both Rosaceae (Ferguson, 1954, p. 308 The lectotype of glomeraria is in good con- and 1975, p. 25; Prentice, 1963, p. 396). dition, although the wings are somewhat TYPES: Grote described glomeraria from at rubbed. The t. p. and extradiscal lines, and least two females. Hulst (1894, p. 304) stated discal spots are present, and so the species is that the type was in the British Museum (Natu- easily recognized. ral History), but did not give any details about The holotype of "merricki" is also in good the specimen or its locality. The syntype now condition. This name represents the occasional in that collection is the specimen from Ohio specimen in which the median area of the up- (Pilate); it is hereby designated' as the lec- per surface of the forewings is partially dark- totype, and has been so labeled. ened. Apparently this form may occur The holotype, male, of "merricki" is in the anywhere within the range of glomneraria. National Museum of Natural History (see fig. The holotype of virginalis is in good condi- 17); its genitalia are mounted on slide HWC tion. In their original description, Cassino and 788. Swett stated "head in front of antennae dark." The holotype, male, and allotype, female, of What they did not say is that the central and virginalis are MCZ 21809 (see figs. 19, 20). lower part of the front of the holotype has been The genitalia of the holotype are mounted on rubbed and mostly denuded of scales. The de- Cassino's slide 2593, and have been examined. scription of the front should read brown to dark In the original description, the date of capture brown dorsally, becoming paler ventrally. of the holotype is given as June 13; the speci- There is some geographical variation within men is labeled "IV-13." this species. Specimens from the northeast TYPE LOCALITIES: Ohio (glomeraria); New (Nova Scotia, for example) tend to be paler and Brighton, Beaver County, Pennsylvania ("mer- more lightly marked than do the ones from ricki"); Kerrville, Kerr County, Texas (vir- New England. The moths from the Appalachian ginalis). Mountains (North Carolina, for instance) tend 14 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 2673

MAP 3. Distribution of Lomiiographa glomzeraria (Grote; circles) and L. elsiniora (Hulst; triangles) in the United States. to be rather large, more brownish, and to have and those from elsewhere within the range of less clearly defined maculation than more glomeraria. For these reasons, I have placed northern specimens. At the southern end of the virginalis as a synonym of Grote's species. range of the species (in Florida and Texas), specimens tend to become smaller, paler, and Lomnographa elsinora (Hulst), new to have less prominent maculation. Cassino and combination Swett named virginalis from what is apparently Figures 5, 6, 10, 14 the extreme end of the distribution, at Kerr- ville, Texas. Of the four specimens I have seen Orthofidoniia elsiniora Hulst, 1900, p. 218. Dyar, from this locality, two have the upper surface "1902" [1903], p. 304. Smith, 1903, p. 72. of the wings with the cross lines absent or only Bapta elsiniora: Barnes and McDunnough, 1917, p. very weakly indicated (the holotype male and 111. McDunnough, 1938, p. 156. paratype female), whereas the other two (both DIAGNOSIS: This California is recog- females) have the outer lines slender but clearly nized by the upper surface of the forewings represented, with the t. a. line being obsoles- being pale gray and having reduced or obsoles- cent. The two specimens from eastern Texas cent maculation, and white hind wings. The (one male, one female; both in the Blanchard genitalia are characterized, in the male, by the collection) and the single female from western single, large curved spine and the one or two Florida (in AMNH) are intermediate between very slender spines in the vesica and, in the typical northern specimens and virginalis. female, by the papillae anales bearing numer- There are no noticeable differences in the geni- ous large, apically swollen capitate setae. talia of virginalis (holotype male and two fe- MALE: Head with vertex white or pale males, one a paratype, having been examined) grayish white; front raised, flat, brown or 1979 RINDGE: LOMOGRAPHA 15 brownish black, dorsal margin angulate; palpi or two straight, lightly sclerotized, very slender concolorous with front. Thorax above pale spines of same length but situated slightly more grayish white, some specimens with a few scat- posteriorly. tered black scales, below gray; legs white or FEMALE GENITALIA: Papillae anales large, grayish white, brown on outer surfaces. Abdo- swollen medially, with capitate setae, ap- men, above and below, pale whitish gray with ophyses posteriores attached medially and 0.6 scattered black scales. to 0.7 mm. in length; ductus bursae with length Upper Surface of Wings: Forewings pale about equal to width; ductus seminalis arising whitish gray, with scattered black scales, be- ventrally from posterior end of corpus bursae; coming grayish brown distally; maculation corpus bursae roughly rectangular in outline, weakly represented; t. a. and t. p. lines indi- about three times longer than wide, postero- cated by large, dull black costal spots at two- ventrally lightly sclerotized internally and hav- fifths and three-fourths length of costa, respec- ing finely dentate longitudinal striations; tively, with obsolescent or weak lines extend- signum absent. ing to faint gray marks on inner margin; EARLY STAGES: Unknown. The shape of the terminal line black, interrupted by veins; fringe ovipositor lobes is so different in elsinora that I concolorous with wing. Hind wings white, would suspect quite divergent oviposition hab- some specimens with a few scattered grayish its, as compared with other North American black and black scales; without maculation ex- species. cept for faint, incomplete pale grayish brown FOOD PLANT: Unknown. extradiscal line; terminal line black, interrupted TYPE: Hulst described elsinora from a single by veins; fringe pale grayish brown. female. The holotype (see fig. 5) is in the Under Surface of Wings: Forewings with collection of the American Museum of Natural basal two-thirds grayish brown, distal one-third History (Rindge, 1955, p. 142). gray, the two areas being separated by diffuse TYPE LOCALITY: Elsinore, Riverside County, t. p. line; otherwise without maculation except California. for black cellular dots of terminal line; fringe DISTRIBUTION: Coastal California, from San dark gray. Hind wings white, with scattered Diego into San Luis Obispo counties (see map dark brown and blackish brown scales; small 3), and northwestern Baja California, Mexico. black discal dot present; extradiscal line as on FLIGHT PERIOD: From March into June with upper surface but more strongly represented; a very few specimens dated January, August, terminal line black, interrupted by veins; fringe and September. white or pale grayish white. REMARKS: One hundred seventy-six speci- Length of Forewing: 10 to 12 mm. mens (81 males, 95 females) and 11 genitalic FEMALE: Similar to male. dissections (six males, five females) have been Length of Forewing: 11 to 12 mm. studied. MALE GENITALIA: Socius small; gnathos The holotype of elsinora is in excellent con- more or less rectangular, anterior margin dition, and so there is no problem identifying curved; valves broad, extended at greater angle this species. than in other species, reaching posteriorly only There is some variability in the strength of to base of uncus; transtilla slender, angled pos- the cross lines of the upper surface of the fore- teriorly; anellus sagittate, anteriorly rounded, wings. Many specimens have the lines clearly with posterolateral lobes; tegumen elongate, defined, but there are some in which their longer than wide, slender; saccus rounded ante- bands are reduced or obsolescent. riorly, with prominent median lobe and ob- solescent ventrolateral projections; aedeagus slightly longer than combined lengths of tegu- LITERATURE CITED men and saccus, posterior end lightly scle- Anon. rotized, sharply pointed; vesica with one thick, 1882. Check list of the Macro-Lepidoptera of curved, heavily sclerotized spine slightly longer America, north of Mexico. Brooklyn, than one-half length of aedeagus, and with one Brooklyn Ent. Soc., iv+25 pp. 16 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 2673

Baker, James H. 1904. The Lepidoptera of the Kootenai District "1959" [1960]. A list of Geometridae from Baker of British Columbia. Proc. U. S. Natl. County, Oregon. Jour. Lepidopterists' Mus., vol. 27, pp. 779-938. Soc., vol. 12, pp. 217-220. Ferguson, D. C. Barnes, William, and J. H. McDunnough 1954. The Lepidoptera of Nova Scotia. Proc. 1917. Check list of the Lepidoptera of boreal Nova Scotian Inst. Sci., vol. 23, pp. America. Decatur, , the Herald 161-375, 16 pls. Press, vii+392 pp. 1975. Host records for Lepidoptera reared in Bird, Ralph D. eastern North America. United States 1927. Notes on bred from native and Dept. Agr., Tech. Bull. no. 1521, pp. cultivated fruit trees and shrubs of south- 1-49. ern Manitoba. Canadian Ent., vol. 59, pp. Forbes, William T. M. 124-128. 1928. Order Lepidoptera. In Leonard, Mortimer Blackmore, E. H. Demarest, A list of the insects of New 1927. Check-list of the Macrolepidoptera of Brit- York with a list of the spiders and certain ish Columbia (Butterflies and Moths). other allied groups. Mem. Cornell Univ. Victoria, Brit. Columbia, Prov. Mus. Nat. Agr. Exp. Sta., no. 101, pp. 532-687. Hist., 47 pp. 1948. Lepidoptera of New York and neighboring Bleszynski, Stanislaw states. Part II. Ibid., no. 274, 263 pp., 1966. Polski Zwiazek Entomologiczny. Lepidop- 255 figs. tera. Geometridae, Selidoseminae. Klucze Forster, W., and Th. A. Wohlfahrt Oznacz. Owad. Polski, vol. 27, part 46c, [1978]. Die Schmetterlinge Mitteleuropas. Stutt- pp. 1-121, figs. 1-396. gart, Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Ach- Bowman, K. tundzwanzigste Lieferung, pp. 193-240, 1951. An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of pls. 17-20. Alberta. Canadian Jour. Zool., vol. 29, Grote, A. R. pp. 121-165. 1881a. Descriptions of Geometridae, chiefly col- Brower, Auburn E. lected by Mr. Pilate. Papilio, vol. 1, pp. 1974. A list of the Lepidoptera of Maine-Part 40-42. 1, the Macrolepidoptera. Life Sci. Agr. 188 lb. New , with list of the species of Exp. Sta., Univ. Maine, Orono, Tech. Perigrapha. Canadian Ent., vol. 13, pp. Bull. 66, pp. 1-136, figs. 1-3, 1 map. 131-134. Brown, W. A. 1882a. Notes on Lepidoptera. Papilio, vol. 2, pp. 1934. A contribution of the insect fauna of Im- 81-84. agami. Canadian Ent., vol. 66, pp. 1882b. New check list of North American moths. 242-252. New York, 74 pp. Bruce, David Guenee, A. 1887. Food plants of Geometridae with other 1857. Histoire naturelle des insectes. Species notes. Ent. Amer., vol. 3, pp. 47-50. general des lepidopteres. Paris, vol. 10, Cassino, Samuel E., and Louis W. Swett 584 pp. 1922. Some new Geometridae. The Lepidopter- Gumppenberg, C. Freih. V. ist, vol. 3, pp. 175-182. 1896. Systema geometrarum zonae temperatioris 1923. New Geometrids. Ibid., vol. 4, pp. 18-24. septentrionalis. Achter Theil. Nova Acta Covell, Charles V. Deutschen Akad. Naturf., Halle, vol. 65, 1970. An annotated check list of the Geo- pp. 217-404, pls. 14-18. metridae (Lepidoptera) of Wisconsin. Harvey, Leon F. Wisconsin Acad. Sci., Arts Lett., vol. 58, 1874. New Phalaenoid Moths. Bull. Buffalo pp. 167-183. Soc. Nat. Sci., vol. 1, pp. 262-265, pl. Dyar, Harrison G. 11. 1902. Life histories of North American Lepidop- Heitzman, Roger L. tera-XXXI. Psyche, vol. 9, p. 336. "1973" [1974]. An annotated checklist of the "1902" [1903]. A list of North American Lep- Missouri Geometridae (Lepidoptera). Jour. idoptera and key to the literature of this Res. Lepidoptera, vol. 12, pp. 169-179. order of insects. Bull. U. S. Natl. Mus., Holland, W. J. no. 52, xix+723 pp. 1919. The moth book. Garden City, New York, 1979 RINDGE: LOMOGRAPHA 17

Doubleday, Page and Co., xxiv+479 pp., gan exclusive of Tineoides (Lepidoptera). 263 figs., 48 pls. Misc. Publ., Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan, Hiibner, Jacob no. 88, pp. 1-87. 1816 - [1826]. Verzeichniss Bekannter Schmett- Oberthiir, Charles linge [sic]. Augsburg, 431+72 pp. 1923. Etudes de lepidoptdrologie comparde. Hulst, George D. Rennes, fasc. 20, pp. i-xv, 1-304, pls. 1894. Notes on types of North American Geo- 1-26, DXLIX-DLXIV. metrina in European collections.-I. Ent. Packard, A. S., Jr. News, vol. 5, pp. 302-306. 1876. A monograph of the geometrid moths or 1896. A classification of the Geometrina of Phalaenidae of the United States. In Hay- North America, with descriptions of new den, F. V., Report of the United States genera and species. Trans. Amer. Ent. Geological Survey of the territories. Soc., vol. 23, pp. 245-386, pls. 10, 11. Washington, vol. 10, 607 pp., 12 pls. 1900. New Species of Lepidoptera. Jour. New Prentice, R. M. (Compiler) York Ent. Soc., vol. 8, pp. 215-225. 1963. Forest Lepidoptera of Canada. Publ. Can- Inoue, Hiroshi ada Dept. Forestry, Forest Ent. Pathol. 1956. Check list of the Lepidoptera of Japan. Br., no. 1013, vol. 3, pp. 283-543, figs. Part 3: Geometridae. Tokyo, Rikusuisha, 164-337. pp. 219-364. Procter, William Jerrel, Elizabeth, and H. E. Jaques 1938. Biological survey of the Mount Desert re- 1944. A preliminary report on the Geometridae gion. Pt. VI. The insect fauna. Phila- of Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci., vol. 51, delphia, Wistar Institute of Anatomy and pp. 463-465. Biology, 496 pp. Jones, F. M., and Charles P. Kimball 1946. Biological survey of the Mount Desert re- 1943. The Lepidoptera of Nantucket and Mar- gion. Pt. VII. The insect fauna. Phila- tha's Vineyard Islands, Massachusetts. delphia, Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Publ. Nantucket Maria Mitchell Assoc., Biology, 566 pp. vol. 4, pp. 1-217. Prout, Louis B. Jones, J. R. J. Llewellyn 1909. The generic name Lomographa. The Ento- 1951. An annotated check list of the mac- mologist, vol. 42, pp. 280-281. rolepidoptera of British Columbia. Occas. 1912-1920. The Palearctic Geometridae. In Seitz, Papers Ent. Soc. Brit. Columbia, no. 1, Adalbert (ed.), The Macrolepidoptera of v+ii+ 148 pp. the world. Stuttgart, the Macrolepidoptera Kimball, Charles P. of the Palearctic Region, (English edi- 1965. The Lepidoptera of Florida. of tion), vol. 4, pp. i-v, 1-479, pls. 1-25. Florida and neighboring land areas. Rindge, Frederick H. Gainesville, Florida, vol. 1, v+363 pp., 1955. The type material in the J. B. Smith and 26 pls. G. D. Hulst collections of Lepidoptera in Kloet, George Sidney, and Walter Douglas Hincks the American Museum of Natural History. 1972. A check list of British insects, second Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 106, edition (revised). Handbooks for the iden- pp. 91-172. tification of British insects. Roy. Ent. Silva Cruz, Maria Amdlia da, and Tim6teo Soc. London, vol. 11, pt. 2 (Lepidoptera), Gongalves pp. vii+ 153. 1977. Catdlogo sistematico dos mac- McDunnough, J. H. rolepid6pteros de Portugal. Publ. Inst. 1938. Check list of the Lepidoptera of Canada Zool. "Dr. Augusto Nobre," Fac. Cien. and the United States of America. Mem. de Porto, no. 133, pp. 9-56. Southern California Acad. Sci., vol. 1, Slosson, Annie Trumbull pp. 1-275. "1890" [1891]. May moths in northern New McFarland, Noel Hampshire. Ent. News, vol. 1, pp. 17-19. "1966" [1968]. Spring moths (Macroheterocera) Smith, John B. of a natural area in northeastern Kansas. 1891. List of the Lepidoptera of boreal America. Jour. Res. Lepidoptera, vol. 6, pp. 1-18. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, American Ent. Moore, Sherman Soc., 124 pp. 1955. An annotated list of the moths of Michi- 1903. Check list of the Lepidoptera of boreal 18 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 2673

America. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1866. A list of the specimens of lepidopterous American Ent. Soc., v+ 136 pp. insects in the collection of the British Mu- 1910. A report of the insects of New Jersey. seum. Geometrites. London, pt. 35, pp. Ann. Rept. New Jersey State Mus., for 1535-2040. 1909, 888 pp., 340 figs. Ward, P. S., R. Harmsen, and P. D. N. Hebert Stephens, James F. 1974. An annotated checklist of the Mac- 1829. The nomenclature of British Insects. roheterocera of south-eastern Ontario. London, ii+68 pp. (Not seen). Jour. Res. Lepidoptera, vol. 13, pp. Sugden, B. A. 23-42, 1 fig. 1968. Annotated list of forest insects of British Warren, W. Columbia. Part XIV, Ennominae (Geo- 1899. New Drepanulidae, Thyrididae, Epi- metridae). Jour. Ent. Soc. Brit. Columbia, plemidae, Uraniidae, and Geometridae vol. 65, pp. 24-33. from the Oriental and Palearctic regions. Tietz, Harrison M. Novitates Zool., vol. 6, pp. 313-359. [1952]. The Lepidoptera of Pennsylvania. State Westwood, J. 0. College, Pennsylvania State College, 1840. Synopsis of the genera of British Insects. School of Agriculture, xii+ 194 pp., 1 fig. In Introduction to the modern classifica- Walker, Francis tion of insects, vol. 2. London, Longman, 1861. A list of the specimens of lepidopterous Orme, Brown, Green, and Longmans, pp. insects in the collection of the British Mu- 1-158. seum. Geometrites. London, pt. 23, pp. 757-1020.