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The Case of Tyson Foods University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 8-2014 Agent of Harm and Good Corporate Citizen? The Case of Tyson Foods Jennifer Lindmar Schally University of Tennessee - Knoxville, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss Part of the Criminology Commons Recommended Citation Schally, Jennifer Lindmar, "Agent of Harm and Good Corporate Citizen? The Case of Tyson Foods. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 2014. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/2856 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Jennifer Lindmar Schally entitled "Agent of Harm and Good Corporate Citizen? The Case of Tyson Foods." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Sociology. Lois Presser, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: Michelle Brown, Sherry Cable, Elizabeth Strand, Avi Brisman Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) Agent of Harm and Good Corporate Citizen? The Case of Tyson Foods A Dissertation Presented for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree The University of Tennessee, Knoxville Jennifer Lindmar Schally August 2014 ii Copyright © 2014 by Jennifer L. Schally All rights reserved. iii Dedication For my best buddy and life partner, Jason Schally. Also in loving memory of my mother, Anne C. Johnson. iv Acknowledgements I would like to thank Dr. Lois Presser for all of her help and guidance with this project and many, many other undertakings. She has been so amazingly supportive and encouraging; I am certain I am a better student, teacher, and researcher as a result. I would also like to thank Dr. Michelle Brown, Dr. Sherry Cable, Dr. Elizabeth Strand, and Dr. Avi Brisman for serving on my committee and providing important insights that helped to make this a better project. I am also thankful for the good friends I made at UT who were so supportive of me when I struggled to get through the program in the midst of many crises- particularly Daniel Lai, Rhiannon Leebrick, and Lauren Copley. I am also very grateful to my early mentors who continue to be important guides in my professional endeavors, Dr. Stephen Couch and Dr. Chiara Sabina. Finally, I extend very special thanks to all of my family who supported and encouraged me along the way: Charlie Johnson; George and Bernie Schally; George, Margo, Max and Eliza Schally; Kim, Billy, Mandy, Taylor and Phillip Isaac; Joan and Sarah Powanda; Jessi and Craig Hunt. v Abstract Industrial agriculture inflicts major harms on nonhuman animals, the environment and human health. How do agribusinesses culturally legitimize their harmful practices? Utilizing critical discourse analysis, I clarify the ways in which one large agribusiness, Tyson Foods, disguises their actions while at the same time presents the image of a benign, good corporate citizen. The discourses employed by Tyson gain legitimacy by drawing on and aligning with larger cultural discourses that are often taken for granted. This research, situated at the intersection of green and cultural criminologies, makes a contribution to these as well as to the burgeoning social harm approach within criminology. vi Table of Contents Chapter 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 1 Theoretical Orientation ................................................................................................... 8 Harm Perspectives ...................................................................................................... 9 Green Criminology ................................................................................................... 10 Discursive Foundations of Harm .................................................................................. 14 Outline of the Dissertation ............................................................................................ 18 Chapter 2 Industrial Agriculture and Its Harms ............................................................... 19 The History of Industrial Agriculture in the United States ........................................... 19 The Harms of Intensive Animal Farming ..................................................................... 22 Harm to animals. ....................................................................................................... 23 Harm to the environment and human health.. ........................................................... 26 Particular Harms Perpetrated by Tyson Foods ............................................................. 28 Harm to the environment. ......................................................................................... 28 Harm to animals. ....................................................................................................... 33 Chapter 3 Contextualizing the ‗Socially Responsible‘ Corporation and the Cultural Legitimation of Harm ....................................................................................................... 39 The Dominant Social Paradigm and Corporate Power ................................................. 39 Public Relations ............................................................................................................ 44 Ethical Consumerism, Corporate Identity and CSR ..................................................... 47 Summary ....................................................................................................................... 54 Chapter 4 Research Methods: Digesting What Tyson Serves Up ................................... 56 Reflexive Statement ...................................................................................................... 57 The Theoretical Foundations of Critical Discourse Analysis ....................................... 58 Design/Sample .............................................................................................................. 62 Procedures/Analysis ...................................................................................................... 62 Chapter 5 Findings: Hiding Behind Wholesomeness ...................................................... 72 Disguising Actions ........................................................................................................ 72 Part of a Decent Whole ................................................................................................. 84 Benign Presentation of Self .......................................................................................... 91 Summary ....................................................................................................................... 96 Chapter 6 Concluding Remarks ....................................................................................... 97 What Did I Do? ............................................................................................................. 97 What Did I Find? .......................................................................................................... 98 Why Does it Matter? ................................................................................................... 102 Limitations .................................................................................................................. 103 Directions for Future Research ................................................................................... 104 List of References ........................................................................................................... 108 Vita .................................................................................................................................. 134 vii List of Tables Table 2.1. Tyson Environmental Penalties Greater than $5,000 for Fiscal Years 2010, 2011, and 2012 ......................................................................................................... 32 Table 5.1 Process Types .................................................................................................. 73 viii List of Figures Figure 5.1 Feedlot Cartoon .............................................................................................. 82 Figure 5.2 Processing Plant Cartoon ................................................................................ 83 Figure 5.3 Dilapidated Shack ............................................................................................ 87 Figure 5.4 John and Don Tyson ....................................................................................... 87 Figure 5.5 Leland Tollett .................................................................................................. 88 Figure 5.6 Polaroid Pictures on Picnic Table ................................................................... 92 Figure 5.7 Worker Taking a Water Sample .....................................................................
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