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Global Industrial Relations Global Industrial Relations Divided into two distinct, but linked, sections, Global Industrial Relations begins by exploring regional characteristics and variations in industrial relations systems around the globe before examining the following contemporary developments: ● international trends in unionisation ● international collective bargaining ● industrial relations conflict ● the juridification of industrial relations ● the impact of multinationals and globalisation on industrial relations. Providing an overview of the industrial relations systems of nine regions, ranging from North America to India, and an in-depth assessment of key aspects of global industrial relations in the twenty-first century, this text breaks new ground. In bringing together contributions from leading academics in the field, it makes invaluable reading for academics, students, and practitioners alike. Michael J. Morley is Assistant Dean (Research) and Director of the Graduate Centre of Business at the University of Limerick, Ireland. Patrick Gunnigle is Professor of Business Studies at the University of Limerick, Ireland, where he is also Director of the Employment Relations Research Unit. David G. Collings is a lecturer in Human Resource Management and Organisational Behaviour at the Sheffield University Management School, University of Sheffield, UK. Routledge Global Human Resource Management Series Edited by Randall S. Schuler, Susan E. Jackson, Paul Sparrow and Michael Poole Routledge Global Human Resource Management is an important new series that examines human resources in its global context. This series is organised into three strands: Content and issues in global human resource management (HRM); Specific HR functions in a global context; and comparative HRM. Authored by some of the world’s leading authorities on HRM, each book in the series aims to give readers comprehensive, in-depth and accessible texts that combine essential theory and best practice. Topics covered include cross-border alliances, global leadership, global legal systems, HRM in Asia, Africa and the Americas, industrial relations, and global staffing. Managing Human Resources in Cross-border Alliances Randall S. Schuler, Susan E. Jackson and Yadong Luo Managing Human Resources in Africa Edited by Ken N. Kamoche, Yaw A. Debrah, Frank M. Horwitz and Gerry Nkombo Muuka Globalizing Human Resource Management Paul Sparrow, Chris Brewster and Hilary Harris Managing Human Resources in Asia-Pacific Edited by Pawan S. Budhwar International Human Resources Management second edition Policy and practice for the global enterprise Dennis R. Briscoe and Randall S. Schuler Managing Human Resources in Latin America An agenda for international leaders Edited by Marta M. Elvira and Anabella Davila Global Staffing Edited by Hugh Scullion and David G. Collings Managing Human Resources in the Middle East Edited by Pawan S. Budhwar and Kamel Mellahi Managing Human Resources in Europe A thematic approach Edited by Henrik Holt Larsen and Wolfgang Mayrhofer Managing Global Legal Systems International employment regulation and competitive advantage Gary W. Florkowski Global Industrial Relations Edited by Michael J. Morley, Patrick Gunnigle and David G. Collings Global Industrial Relations Edited by Michael J. Morley, Patrick Gunnigle and David G. Collings First published 2006 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 270 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10016 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2006. “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.” © 2006 Edited by Michael J. Morley, Patrick Gunnigle and David G. Collings All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Global industrial relations / edited by Michael J. Morley, Patrick Gunnigle and David G. Collings. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-415-32946-9 (hbk) – ISBN 0-415-32947-7 (pbk) 1. Industrial relations – Cross-cultural studies. 2. Globalization – Economic aspects. 3. Comparative industrial relations. I. Morley, Michael. II. Gunnigle, P atrick. III. Collings, David G. HD6971.G615 2006 331–dc22 2005030214 ISBN 0-203-97019-5 Master e-book ISBN ISBN10: 0-415-32946-9 (hbk) ISBN10: 0-415-32947-7 (pbk) ISBN13: 978-0-415-32946-0 (hbk) ISBN13: 978-0-415-32947-7 (pbk) Contents List of illustrations ix Notes on contributors xi Foreword xvi Introduction 1 MICHAEL J. MORLEY, PATRICK GUNNIGLE AND DAVID G. COLLINGS Part I Regional variations in global industrial relations 23 1 Industrial relations in the United States and Canada 25 RICHARD N. BLOCK 2 Industrial relations in Latin America 53 HÉCTOR LUCENA AND ALEX COVARRUBIAS 3 Industrial relations in Western Europe 71 COLIN GILL 4 Industrial relations in Central and Eastern Europe 86 RODERICK MARTIN AND ANAMARIA M. CRISTESCU-MARTIN 5 Industrial relations in the Middle East 106 AMNON CASPI AND RUTH KASTIEL 6 Industrial relations in Australia and New Zealand: the path from conciliation and arbitration 124 RAYMOND HARBRIDGE, BENJAMIN FRASER AND PAT WALSH 7 Industrial relations in Asia: old regimes and new orders 146 DONG-ONE KIM viii ● Contents 8 Industrial relations in Africa 178 FRANK M. HORWITZ 9 Industrial relations in India 199 VIDU BADIGANNAVAR Part II Contemporary developments in global industrial relations 219 10 International trends in unionization 221 CAROLA FREGE 11 International labour standards 239 KEITH D. EWING 12 International collective bargaining 254 JACQUES ROJOT 13 Contemporary strike trends since 1980: peering through the wrong end of a telescope 273 JOSEPH WALLACE AND MICHELLE O’SULLIVAN 14 The juridification of industrial relations: the role of labour law in a globalised economy 292 ROGER BLANPAIN 15 Multinationals, globalisation, and industrial relations 326 WILLIAM N. COOKE Index 349 Illustrations Figures 1.1 Basic structure of United States and Canadian trade union movements 31 1.2 Work stoppages in the United States involving at least six workers and lasting at least one day, 1969–1981 46 1.3 Work stoppages in the United States involving at least 1,000 workers and lasting at least one day, 1974–2003 46 1.4 Work stoppages in Canada lasting ten or more days, 1969–2003 47 2.1 Strikes (Brazil, Mexico and Argentina) 64 5.1 Open and dynamic model of industrial relations 108 6.1 Summary of federal bargaining processes 131 13.1 Total increase and decrease in the number of strikes and lockouts: time periods 1981–1985 and 1996–2000 compared 279 13.2 Total increase and decrease in the number of working days lost: time periods 1981–1985 and 1996–2000 compared 281 13.3 Total increase and decrease in strikes and lockouts: time periods 1991–1995 and 1996–2000 compared 286 13.4 Total increase and decrease in the number of working days lost: time periods 1991–1995 and 1996–2000 compared 287 14.1 Structure of the Commission for Labour Cooperation 313 15.1 An analytical framework 328 Tables 1.1 Percentage of workers represented by unions, United States and Canada, 1997–2003 35 1.2 Estimated union density, fourteen European Union countries, Norway, Canada, United States, 2003 35 1.3 Percentage of workers represented by unions and number of employees covered by union 49 2.1 The ‘first incorporation’ (Collier and Collier 1991). Similarities and differences between pairs of countries 56 2.2 Union affiliation in selected Latin American countries 59 x ● Illustrations 3.1 Three clusters of union density in 2002 74 4.1 Average Romanian earnings distribution (January 2004) 97 5.1 Membership of trade unions 2001 110 6.1 Trade union membership to 30 August 2002 127 6.2 Trade union membership by industry to 30 August 2003 128 6.3 Distribution of employee coverage by industrial instrument, Australia, May 2000 and 2002 130 7.1 Economic and social indicators 147 7.2 Unemployment rate (growth rate of GDP) 155 7.3 Frequencies of strikes, lockouts and labour disputes 157 7.4 Union density 162 8.1 Statistics on trade unions in selected African countries 184 9.1 Pattern of industrial disputes in India during 1991–2000 208 10.1 Union membership and density in North America, Oceania and Japan 226 10.2 Union membership and density in selected countries of western Europe, Turkey and Israel 227 10.3 Union membership and density in selected countries of Central Eastern Europe 229 10.4 Union membership and density in selected countries in South and South-east Asia 229 10.5 Union membership and density in selected countries in the Middle East and Africa 230 10.6 Union membership and density in selected countries in South America 230 13.1 Major changes in strike statistics 277 13.2 Countries with an increase or decrease in the number of strikes and lockouts: time periods 1981–1985 and 1996–2000 compared 280 13.3 Countries with an increase or decrease in the number of working days lost: time periods 1981–1985 and 1996–2000 compared 282 13.4 Total number of strikes in 17 EU countries and Norway, 1998–2001 284 13.5 Annual average working days lost (WDL) per 1,000 employees: EU countries and Norway, 1998–2001 285 13.6 Countries with an increase or decrease in the number of strikes and lockouts: time periods 1991–1995 and 1996–2000 compared 286 13.7 Countries with an increase or decrease in the number of working days lost: time periods 1991–1995 and 1996–2000 compared 288 15.1 FDI inward stock by host region and largest host economies, 1980–2003 331 15.2 Distribution of outward FDI stock between developed countries and developing/transition economies, 1980–2003 332 Contributors Michael J.
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