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Planning Cities Report No: AUS10013 Public Disclosure Authorized Republic of Côte d'Ivoire Côte d'Ivoire Urbanization Review June 12, 2015 Public Disclosure Authorized . GSURR AFRICA Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized i Standard Disclaimer: This volume is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/ The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Copyright Statement: The material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/ The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work promptly. For permission to photocopy or reprint any part of this work, please send a request with complete information to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA, telephone 978-750-8400, fax 978-750-4470, http://www.copyright.com/. All other queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to the Office of the Publisher, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA, fax 202-522-2422, e-mail [email protected]. ii Côte d’Ivoire Urbanization Review Diversified Urbanization June 12th, 2015 The World Bank iii Contents Acknowledgments ......................................................................................................................................... 8 Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 9 Overview Chapter: Rethinking Ivorian Cities .............................................................................................. 13 Cities, Growth, and Productivity in Côte d’Ivoire ................................................................................... 14 Urbanization: dynamics and policy responses ....................................................................................... 19 A typology of Ivorian cities: Global, Regional, and Domestic Connectors ............................................. 24 Global Connectors .............................................................................................................................. 27 Regional Connectors .......................................................................................................................... 28 Domestic Connectors ......................................................................................................................... 28 Rethinking Ivorian Cities: Better Planning, Connecting, Greening, and Financing ................................. 28 Planning .............................................................................................................................................. 29 Connecting ......................................................................................................................................... 33 Greening ............................................................................................................................................. 38 Financing ............................................................................................................................................ 41 References .............................................................................................................................................. 44 Chapter 1: Planning Cities ........................................................................................................................... 45 Current state of urban development in Côte d’Ivoire ............................................................................ 45 Population growth .............................................................................................................................. 46 Urban infrastructure and access to basic services ............................................................................. 47 The housing challenge ........................................................................................................................ 50 Main drivers of urbanization challenges ................................................................................................ 54 Outdated planning regulations .......................................................................................................... 54 Parallel tenure systems ...................................................................................................................... 58 Undeveloped land: a public or private resource? .............................................................................. 59 Preparing land for urban purposes .................................................................................................... 60 Delivering urban services ................................................................................................................... 61 Affordable housing delivery ............................................................................................................... 62 Looking ahead: priorities for action ....................................................................................................... 63 Improving land market fluidity ........................................................................................................... 63 Expanding service delivery ................................................................................................................. 65 Simpler and more efficient planning .................................................................................................. 67 References .............................................................................................................................................. 68 Chapter 2: Connecting Cities ....................................................................................................................... 71 Intra-urban mobility ............................................................................................................................... 71 Limited internal connections in Abidjan ............................................................................................ 72 4 Coordinating land use for intra-urban connectivity ........................................................................... 73 Inter-urban connectivity ......................................................................................................................... 74 Road infrastructure ............................................................................................................................ 75 Transport costs ................................................................................................................................... 77 International connectivity ...................................................................................................................... 80 Maritime connectivity ........................................................................................................................ 80 Air connectivity .................................................................................................................................. 81 Rail connectivity ................................................................................................................................. 81 ICT connectivity .................................................................................................................................. 82 References .............................................................................................................................................. 84 Chapter 3: Greening Cities .......................................................................................................................... 85 Why think about greening cities? ........................................................................................................... 86 How green are Ivorian cities? ................................................................................................................. 88 Urban pollution in Côte d’Ivoire effects productivity and livability ................................................... 88 Unreliable basic services increase the social, economic, and environmental pressures of pollution from urban activities. ......................................................................................................................... 90 Coordination failures increase the costs of pollution from urban mobility and industrial activity ... 92 A green toolbox: instruments for decision makers ................................................................................ 97 Building a data collection and dissemination platform ..................................................................... 97 Improving the quality and coverage of basic services
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