TAXONOMIC STUDIES OF INDIAN [: ) OF LEAF MINERS ()

^ ^ ABSTRACT . THESIS

SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF

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-, X ly KAVITA PANDEY

SECTION OF ENTOMOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH - 202002 (INDIA) 2006 ABSTRACT

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The family Braconida^ is cosmopolitan in distribution and contains

over 17,500 described and valid species in-the world, the family with a

few exceptions, contain species that are exclusively parasitoids of various

other species belonging to the Lepidoptera. Coleoptera,

Heteroptera and other Hymenoptera. and have extensively been used in

the biological control of lepidopteran, coleopteran and other pest species.

The present thesis deals with broconid parasitoids of leaf mining

lepidopteran pests in Uttar Pradesh belonging to the following five

subfamilies namely: Broconinae, , Homiinae,

and Miracinae. the author records 20 species of which 15 are new to

science.

The subfamily Braconinae is represented by the genus Br aeon

Fabricius; Cheloninae by Chelonus Panzer; Microchelonus Szepligeti and

Ascogaster Wesmael while Hormiinae is represented by only one genus

Parahormus Nixon; Microgastrinae by two genera Dolichogendea

Viereck and Pholetesor Mason and Miracinae by only one genus entistidea, Rhower, in the present thesis, the author records 20 species and of which 15 are new to science. Species described are new to science are: Bracon Phacospophagus sp. nov., Bracon. cosmopteryx sp. nov„ Bracon whitfieldi sp. nov.,

Chelonus caeruleus sp. nov., Microchelonus spinigaster sp. nov.,

Microchelonus Cordiae sp. nov., Microchelonus pongamiae sp. nov.,

Dolichogenidea. cordiae sp. nov., Dotichogenidea syngremma sp. nov.,

Centistidea achterbergi sp. nov., Centistidea punctatiscutellum sp. nov.,

Pholetesor aciculatus sp. nov., Pholetesor achyranthus sp. nov.,

Pholetesor cuminnii sp. nov., Pholetesor delbergiae sp. nov., known species recorded as Microchelonus chailini (Walker and Huddleson),

Ascogaster acrocercophagus Shujauddin and Varshney), Apanteles bambusae Wilkinson, Parahormius Jason Nixon, Parahormius deiphobus

Nixon. TAXONOMIC STUDIES OF INDIAN PARASITOIDS (BRACONIDAE: HYMENOPTERA) OF LEAF MINERS (LEPIDOPTERA)

THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF

* ' I IN I ZOOLOGY

By KAVITA PANDEY

SECTION OF ENTOMOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH - 202002 (INDIA) 2006 L*L

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Dk»»«. f External ; 2700920/21 -3430 P*^®"®*! Internal : 3430 DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIOARH-202002 INDIA Sections: 1. ENTOMOLOGY lH-fC 2. FISHERY SCIENCE & AQUACULTURE "• "O. LJ../../J^./ZD 3. GENETICS 4. NEMATOLOGY Dated 5. PARASITOLOGY

Certificate

This is to certify that Mrs. Kavita Pandey has completed his Ph.D. work under

my supervision on the problem entitled "Taxonomic studies of Indian

Parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) of leaf miners (Lepidoptera)". This

work is an original contribution and distinct addition to the existing knowledge on

the subject. Being satisfied with quality and quantity of the work, she is permitted

to submit it for the award of the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in

Zoology of the Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India. 1

(Professor Shujauddin) Department of Zoology Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh-202002 India Witfi deep sense of gratitude I am tfian^ufto my researcfi supervisor (prof. Sfnijaiiddinfor fns vaCuaSCe guidance and constructive criticism during the tenure of my researcfi worH^ "His ideas in mal^ng things simpCer has always proven beneficiaf- and an asset in my fife. I am tfianhfufto (Prof JlSsar M 'Kfian, Chairman (Department of Zoo fogy for providing the necessary faSoratory facifities.

9dy fieartfeff thank^ are afso due to (Prof ^Mohammad Jdayat, former Chairman (Department of Zoo fogy (^ Prof IqSal Parvez (Department of Zoo fogy, for their continuous fiefp and vafuaSfe suggestions.

Than^ are afso extended to my coffeagues (Dr ZuSair JAhmad, Mr Samiuddin, 'Mohd. Shamim, Mrs. J4njumfor their constant encouragement, moraf support and cooperation.

My defightfuf thanf{s for my faniify memSers who afways gives me determination and amusement courage. Speciaf thanl^s to my parents who made me more energetic and enthusiastic throughout the progress of the research wor^

JAi fast I woufd fife to thanfs to aff those who participated, even at the cost of their mconveniences, in the coinpifation of my research worf^infonn of thesis.

^> (Kavita (Pandey) CONTENTS

A. Introduction 1 B. Historical review 3 C. Material and methods 4 D. Family Braconidae 6 a. Classification E. Taxonomic Accounts a. Key to the Indian braconid parasitoids of lepidopteran leaf miners 9 1. Subfamily Braconinae I. Genus Bracon Fabricius 13 Key to the Indian species of Genus Bracon Fabricius 2. Subfamily Cheloninae II. Genus Y45Co^fl5ter Wesmael 21 III. Genus Chelonus Panzer 22 Key to the Indian species of Genus Chelonus Panzer IV. Genus Microchelonus Szepligeti 26 Key to the Indian species of the genus Microchelonus Szepligeti 27 3. Subfamily Horminae V. Genus Parahormius Nixon 34 4. Subfamily Miracinae VI. Genus Centisthlea Rohwer 35 Key to the Indian subgenera of Centistidea Rohwer 5. Subfamily Microgasterinae VII. Genus Apanteles Foerster 40 VIII. Genus Dolichogenidea Viereck 41 Key to the Indian species of the genus Dolichogenidea Viereck IX. Genus Pholetesor Mason 47 Key to the Indian species of the genus Pholetesor Mason F. Checklist of world braconid parasitoids of lepidopteran leaf miners 56 G. References 64 INTRODUCTION

Leaf mining is one of the many specialized feeding forms of herbivorous , mainly larval forms that are specialized to feed between the layers of a host leaf So far, about 10,000 species of leaf mining insects have been described. The most important leaf mining order is Lepidoptera, followed by Diptera, Coleoptera and Hvmenoptera involves less species (Gyorgy, 2003). Ten families of Lepidoptera are known to have mining capabilities. (Whitfield and Wagner, 1991), of which the following families, Gracillaridae, and Lyonetiidae contain about 60 species are found in India. (Meyrick 1908,3,1912, 1914,14a)

Parasitoid insects play the most important role as natural enemies of leaf miners in some cases they cause more than 90% mortality. Parasitoids of leaf miners are exclusively from the order Hymenoptera. The size of a is strongly determined by the size of its host. Because of small size of leaf miners, their parasitoids are also small. Among the parasitic Hymenoptera chalcids (superfamily Chalcidoidea). Ichneumonidae and Braconidae (super family ) are the most important group associated with the leaf miners. In all three groups secondary and tertiary parasites are also found which feed on the parasitoids of the leaf miners instead of the leaf miner itself

Braconids are among the most important element in the natural enemy complex attacking leaf miners. They are more abundant and specialized than the Ichneumonidae on both deciduous and low growing trees (Shaw and Askew, 1976). The braconid genera that attacks leafmining Lepidoptera do not comprise a monophyletic unit, but include a broad range of ecto and endoparasitic wasps representing several subfamilies. Several studies on the braconid parasitoids associated lepidopteran leafminers of cultivated crops and other beneficial plants have been carried out in the world (Laing and Herati, 1981, 1987; Laing et al, 1986; Maier, 1982, 1984, 1988b; Maier and Davis, 1989). Recently, Whitfield and Wagner (1991) have recorded 40 genera under 12 subfamilies of leaf mining lepidopterous pests from Hlolarctic region.

Most species of Braconidae are primary parasitoids of other insects, especially attacking the larval stages of Coleoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera, and also some Homoptera, as parasitoids they invariabsly kill their host. Most braconid parasitoids are larval parasitoids attacking and emerging from the larval stage of holometabolous insects. There are, however, a number of egg larval parasitoids of Cheloninae; a few pupa! parasitoids viz., Opiinae and Alysiinae; nymph of paurometabolous insects viz., Euphorinae, and many species attack adult of either holometabolous or paurometabolous insects viz; Euphorinae.

Keeping in view the economic importance of lepidopterous leaf miners in agriculture,-horticulture, silviculture and floriculture, the present author has undertaken the systematic study of braconid parasitoids of this group. In the present work 15 species spread over six genera viz., Bracon Fabricius, Centistidea Rohwer, Chelonus Panzer, Dolichogenidea Viereck, Microchelonus Szepligetii and Pholetesor Mason under five subfamilies viz., Braconinae, Cheloninae, Microgastrinae and ,Miracinae are recorded from the lepidopteran leafminers from India. Two genera viz., Centistidea Rohwer and Pholetesor Mason are recorded for the first time from. India. Fifteen species are described as new while one new combination have also been proposed. Key for the identification of the Indian braconid parasitoids of lepidopteran leaf miners and a checklist of all known lepidopterous host and braconid parasitoids have been proposed for the first time. Historical Review

Whilfield & Wagner (1991) is the first available work carried out

exclusively on the lepidopterous leafminers from Holarctic Region. The work

of Gates et al, (2002) may be considered an exhaustive study on the parasitoids

of lepidopteran leafminers from California. Recently, Whitfield (2006) revision

of the genus Pholetesor Mason is the landmark contribution on the of parasitoids of Lepidopterous leafminers from Nearctic Region.

Wilkinson (1928) for the first time described two Microgastriine parasitoids viz., Apanteles bambusae and Apanteles calycinae of Cosmopteryx bambusae (Meyrick) and Acrocercops supplex (Meyrick) from India.

Subsequently, Nixon (1940) added two hormiine parasitoid to the host list of lepidopteran leaf miner viz., Parahormius jason and Parahormius deiphobus.

Chatterjee and Misra (1974) added Epicephala chalybachma (Meyr.) to the host list of Bracon lefroyi (Dudgeon & Gough 1913). Recently, Walker and

Huddleston (1987), Shujauddin & Varshney (1997) described the chelonine parasitoids from India. MATERIAL AND METHODS MATERIAL

The parasitoids were reared in the laboratory in glass jars of 8" x 4" in size in the insectory at 25 °C +2 with 70% R.H. The leaves with lepidopteran leaf mines were collected from the plants and brought to the laboratory, later transferred to the rearing jars. The complete data was maintained i.e. date of collection, locality, name of host plant were maintained. The emerged parasitoids and their hosts were preserved in 75% alcohol with few drops of glycerol. A few species were also dry mounted for further study.

METHODOLOGY FOR SYSTEMATIC STUDIES

Preparation of card mounts Most of the specimens initially preserved in 75% alcohol were card mounted after dehydration, dissection and slide preparation. Specimens were mounted on the triangular cards in preference to rectangular cards. This allows easy observation of such structures as the clypeus and mouth parts. The specimen is placed obliquely on the card and glued by the right side of thorax. Body colour, sculpture etc. were noted from these carded specimens. Measurements were also taken from the carded specimens. In some cases, freshly collected specimens were killed in ethyl acetate fumes and directly mounted on triangular cards by using water-soluble glue.

Preparation of slide mounts The permanent slides were prepared after dehydration and clearing was done in clove oil. The specimens were dissected under dissecting binocular microscope with the help of fine needles. The dissected parts (antennae, wings, legs and other body parts) were placed in Canada balsam on a slide in required position and covered by cover slips. The slides were dried by keeping in thermostat at 35±2°C. Illustration and Measurements For this study, SEM photomicrograph (LEO 435VP), photographs tai

Measurements of slide-mounted structures were taken with the help of an ocular micrometer (linear side of 100 divisions) fitted in the eyepiece of a compound microscope, whereas measurements from carded species were taken from an ocular micrometer fitted in the eyepiece of a Stereozoom binocular microscope. The division of the ocular micrometer were converted to millimeters.

The Type materials presented in the thesis have been deposited in the insect collection. Department of Zoology A.M.U., Aligarh.

TERMINOLOGY

The terminology used in the present work is followed Achterberg (1993) for various body parts and wing venation (A-J). Eady (1968) has been followed for micro-sculpture.

ABBREVIATIONS

The following abbreviations are used in the present work: SEM Scanning electron microscopy AOL Anterior ocellar line (distance between the inner edges of anterior and lateral ocellus) Comb. nov. New combination proposed in this work. POL. Posterior ocellar line (distance between the inner edges of lateral ocellus) OOL Ocello ocular line (distance from the outer edge of a lateral ocellus to the compound eye) 0OD Ocellus diameter sp. nov. New species proposed in this work. F Flagellomere T Metasomal tergite TERMINOLOGY (After Achterberg, 1993)

Figs. A-F: A. body, lateral aspect; B. mesosoma, dorsal aspect; C. head,frontal aspect; D. leg; E. antenna; F. head, dorsal aspect. Legenda: ab= base of antenna; an= anellus; ai- arolium; asd= anterior subalar depression; ax= axilla; bts= basitarsus; c^clypeus; cl=tarsal claw; cx=coxa; ep=epipleuron (or latero-tergite); flagel=flagellum; fm= femur; fo=eye; fr=frons; g==face; hp= hypopygium; lp= labial palp; li- labrum; nid= mandible; mds= medio-posterior depression of scutellum; mp= maxillaiy palp; mpl=mesopleuron; ms=mesosteiTium; msc=mesoscutum; mtn=metanotum; mtp=metapleuron; nt=notum; no=notauli; oc=ocelli; ov-ovipositor; ovs=ovipositor sheath; opc^occipital carina; pc=prepectal carina; pd=pedicellus; pn==pronotum; pnz=side of pronotum; pp=propleuron; ppc=postpectal carina; pr==propodeum; ps=precoxal sulcus; rd=radix; s=sternite; sc=scutellum; sl=temple; sos=side of scutellum; sp=scapus; spo=spurs; sr=spiracle; ss=scutellar sulcus; st=stemaulus; stm^^stemmaticum; t=tergite (tl=first tergite); tb=tibia; tg=tegula; th=thorax; ti-tiochanter; ts=tarsus; tts=telotarsus; v=veitex; vtp=anterior tentorial pit; w=malar space. antenna head mesosoma metasoma Figs. G-J,Tenninology of wing venation (after Achterberg, 1993) : A= analis; C= costa; CU= cubitus; M= media; R= radius; SC= subcosta; SR= sectio radii (or RS of "radial sector"); a= transverse anal vein; cu- a=transverse cubito-anal vein; m-cu= tiansverse medio-cubital vein; r= transverse radial vein; r-m= transverse radio-medial vein; pa= parastigma; pt= petrostigma. Cells: 1= marginal cell; 2= submarginal cell; 3- discal cell; 4= subdiscal cell; 5=costal cell; 6= basal cell; 1- subbasal ceil; 8= plical cell or (if protruding) lobe; a,b, and c indicate first, second and third cell, respectively. 7 77 1 'T FAMILY BRACONIDAE

Diagnosis: Vein 2m -cii of fore wing absent except subfamily Apozyginae (present in 95% of Ichneumonidae): vein 1-SR+M of fore wing often (85%) present (absent in all Ichneumonidae): vein Ir-m of hind wing usually (95%)) basal to separation of Rl and 1- SR (opposite or apical in Ichneumonidae); metasomal tergum second fused with third, though secondarily flexible in Aphidiinae (90% of Ichneumonidae with flexible suture).

Classification of the family Braconidae

Linnaeus (1758) described braconids, ichneumonids and other Terebrautia under ihc genus Ichneumon L. The family name Braconidae attributed to Nees Von I'.scnbcck. 1812 (Wharton and van Achtcrberg, 2000). Mis work (1812, 1814, 1816) represents the llrst attempt to establish a hierarchical framework for Braconid parasiloids.

Nees von Esenbeck (1812, 1814, 1816) divided the Icheneumonideous genera into two division- the Ichneumonides Gemiini and the khneumonides Adsciti. These two division being further divided into numerous genera; the Adsciti being primarily di\ ided into two groups named, Bracones and Bassi. He mainly concentrated on the "Ichneumonides ad.scUr, which contained the species now included in Braconidae. Nccs used the word ""himilia" to denote both groups of species within a genus as well as groups ol" genera.

Stephens (1835)* separated the Ichneumonidae into four families mainly on the basis of the number of joints in the maxillary palpi: Ichneumonidae, Braconidae (5-|ointed), Alysiidae (6-jointed) and Aphidiidae (4-jointed). Wesmael (1835) named the Ichneumones Genuini and Adsciti as Ichneumonides characterised by having two i-ecurrcnt (m-cu) veins and braconids having only one recurrent vein in the forewing, respectively. He further divided the Braconids into two groups viz., 'braconides endodontes" (having the teeth of the mandibles directed inwardly; the mandibles meeting together when closed) and 'braconides exodontes' (having the teeth of the mandibles directed outwards; the mandibles when closed, not touching each other). The later group is now called the Alysiinae (Achterberg, 1993). The endodontes being further divided into four subdivisions viz., (i) Polymorphi (clypeus entire, abdomen 6 to 7 jointed, posterior part of the vertex convex, second submarginal cell (when present large) (ii) Cryptogastri (clypeus entire, posterior part of vertex convex, abdomen dorsally presenting not more than two transverse sections, second submarginal cell (when present large) (iii) .Areolarii (clypeus entire, vertex more or less emarginale behind, abdomen 6 to 7 jointed, second submarginal cell (when present very small) and (iv) Cyclostomi (clypeus deeply notched, leaving a circular aperture between it and the jaws, abdomen generally 6 to 7 jointed, second submarginal cell when present large). The "polymorphs" contain the subfamilies Aphidiinac. Ccnocoeliinae, Euphorinae, Helconinae, Ichneutinae, Macrocentrinae, Opiinae and Orgilinae. The "cryptogastres" contain Cheloninae and Sigalphinae. The areolaires" contain Agathidinae and Microgastrinae. The "cyclostomes" contain Braconinae. Doryctinae. Hormiinae, Rogadinae and Riiyssalinae.

Maliday (1838)* divided Ichneumonideous genera into five families including Evaniidae, Ichneumonidae, Agriotypidae, Braconidae and Aphidiidae on the basis of ihe naimc of connection between the second and third dorsal segments (tergites) of the abdomen (metasoma) and outer discoidal (second discal) cell of the fore wing. Wcstwood (1840) followed the system of Wesmael (1835) and added a sixth division i.e., •"Flexiliventres" for the Aphidiinae. Forester (1862) divided the family Braconidae into 26 subfamilies, adding the suffix "-oidae". Marshall (1891) added a se\'enth division "Pachylommatidae" to the family which later designated Hybrozontinae by van Achterberg (1976). Marshall, further divided these large groups into 26 subfamilies for the Palaearctic region and used the suffix "-ides". Dalla Torre (1898) compiled the world list of Braconidae. Ashmead (1900) provided the first general ke)' to the subfamilies of Braconidae. He separated Alysiinae as family Alysiidae. while the remaining genera were placed in 17 subfamilies.

Szepligeti (1904) divided Braconidae into 31 subfamilies, of which the subfamily Lysiognathinae belongs to Ichneumonidae. Fahringer (1925) and Tobias (1971) proposed keys to the subfamilies for the Palaearctic region. Marsh (1963) gave a key for the Nearctic region. Later, he (1971) disregarded this key because of some disagreement to the limits of the various subfamilies in the Braconidae. Achterberg (1976) discussed the systematic position and evolutionary trends of the Braconidae, di\iding the famil}' into 22 subfamilies. Achterberg (1984, 1988), Quicke and van Achterberg (1990), van Achterberg et al. (1992) and Whitfield & Mason (1994) gave the phylogeny of Braconidae. Sharkey (199.3) has divided the family into 29 subfamilies viz., Adellinae, Agathidinae, Alysiinae, Arnicrocentrinae, Aphidiinae, Apo/Aginae. Braconinae. Cardiochilinae, Cheloninae, Doryctinae, Dirrhopinae, laiphorinae, Gnamptodonlinae, llclconinae, llomolobinae, Ichneulinao, Khoikhoiinae, Macrocentrinae, Meteoridiinae, Meteorinae, Microgastrinae, Miracinae, Neoneurinae, Opiinae, Orgilinae, Rogadinae, Sigalphinae, Trachypetinae and Xiphozelinac. Concurrently, Achterberg (1993).has divided the family into 47 subfamilies viz., Adeliinae, Agathidinae, Alysiinae, Amicrocentrinae, Aphidiinae, Apozyginae, Betylobraconinae, Blacinae, Braconinae, Cardiochilinae, Cenocoeliinae, Charmontinae. Cheloninae, Dirrhopinae, Doryctinae, Economiinae, Euphorinae, Exothccinae. Gnamptodontinae, Helconinae, Histeromerinae, Homolobinae, llormiinae. Ichneutinae, Khoikhoiinae, Lysiterminae, Macrocentrinae, Masoninae, Mendesellinae, Mesostoinae, Meteorideinae, Microgastrinae, Microtypinae, N4iracinae. Neoneurinae, Opiinae, Orgilinae, Pambolinae, Proteropinae, Pselaphaninae, Rhyssalinae, Rogadinae, Sigalphinae, Telengaiinae, Trachypetinae, Vaepelh'nae and Xiphozelinae.

One of the major differences in the way subfai:nilies are treated by Tobias (1986). Quick and \an Achterberg (1990), van Achterberg (1993) and Sharkey (1993) inx'oh'cs the placement of the cyclostome groups. These genera have been variously classified as llormiinae (Hedqvist, 1963; Wharton, 1993), Rogadinae (Wharton 1988), Doryctinae (Belokobylskij and Tobias 1986) as a separate sufamily or a series of smaller subfamilies (Achterberg 1993). Wharton el al. (1997) treated all these genera under the subfamily Hormiinae. Overall, the subfamily classification is somewhat controversial and decidedly unstable, with much of the debate centered on whether to recognize a relatively small number of larger subfamilies or a large number of smaller ones. TAXONOMIC ACCOUNTS

Key to the Indian braconid parasitoids of lepidopteran leaf miners

1. Hypoclypeal depression deep and wide, and middle of apparent ventral margin of clypeus distinctly above upper level of mandibular bases; bottom of hypoclypeal depression consists of the concave labrum and a depressed part of clypeus (clyclostome braconids) 2 - Hypoclypeal depression absent, medio-ventral margin of clypeus close to upper level of mandibular bases; labrum flat and ventral part of clypeus not part of a hypoclypeal depression (non-clyclostome braconids) 7 2. Occipital carina absent; posterior flange of propleuron absent; second and third metasomal tergites similarly or more strongly sclerotized; pedicellus variable in shape (Braconinae) 3 - Occipital carina present; posterior flange of propleuron present; second & third metasomal tergites largely membranous dorsally, nearly always less sclerotized; pedicellus nearly as long as scapus (Horminae) 6 3. Antenna 25-27 segmented 4 - Antenna 22-24 segmented (Fig-13) 5 4. Propodeum without median longitudinal carina except extreme at apex, finely areolate; metasoma some time with punctures or reticulation on T2 and T3 medially B. /e/roy/(Dudgeon & Gough) - Propodeum with complete median longitudinal carina, not areolate (fig-10); T2-T5 covered with punctate reticulation, (fig-9) B. cosmopteryx sp. nov. 5. Metasoma with six visible tergites, (fig-4) T2 with longitudinal striations, T3 with oblique striations, and T4-T5 strigose (fig-4) B. phacospophagus sp. nov. - Metasoma with five visible tergites, (fig-18) T2-T5 punctate reticulate (figl6) B. whitfieldisp. nov. 6. Antenna with 19 segments; malar space a little more than one third length of eye Parahormius jason Kwon. - Antenna with 21 segments; malar space not as in above P. deiphobus Wwon. 1. Metasoma forming carapace with a posterior spine; . postpectal carina absent (Cheloninae) 8 - Metasoma without carapace; postpectal carina absent (Miracinae and Microgastrinae) 13 8. Vien 1-SR+M of fore wing present; eyes glabrous Ascogaster acrocercophagus Shujauddin and Varshney - Vien 1-SR+M of fore wing absent; eyes setose 9 9. Antenna of female with more than 16 segments; metasoma of male never with a foramen apically; metasoma in lateral view 2.0-2.3x as long as high, about twice as higher behind than basely i.e. distinctly increasing in height posteriorly, scutellar sulcus with five midlongitudinal carinae (tlg-26) Chelonus caeruleiis sp. nov. - Antenna of female with 16 segments (fig-30); metasoma of male usually with a foramen apically; metasoma in lateral view 2.5-3 ..'5x as long as high, distinctly less than twice as high behind than basaly i.e. less increasing in height posteriorly (Microchelonus Szeplegeti) 10 10. Metasoma strongly declivous below the spine (fig-35); clypeus rugose M. spinigaster sp. nov. - Metasoma not declivous but making an angle with the spine; clypeus punctate 11 11. Metasoma elongate oval; ovipositor sheaths in lateral view shorter than hind basitarsus Wc/7o///«/(Walker & Huddleston) - Metasoma strongly convex in the middle; ovipositor sheaths in lateral view longer than hind basitarsus; wing hyaline 12 12. Face strigose; mesocutum punctate reticulate (fig-45); stigma 2.4x as long as wide (fig-48) Microchelonuspongamiae sp. nov. Face rugulose; mesoscutum reticulate rugose; stigma 2.0x as long as wide (fig-37) M. cordiae sp. nov. 13. Antennae with 14 segments; vein 2-SR of fore wing connected with pterostigma or nearly so; notum of first metasomal tergites strongly narrowed towards apex and medially; scutellar sulcus absent. (Miracinae) Genus Ccntistidea Rohwer 14 Antennae with 18 segments; vein 2-SR of fore wing connected to vein r; shape of notum of first tergite different, even if strongly narrowed posteriorly; scutellar sulcus more or less developed (Microgastrinae) 15.

10 14. Ti of metasoma comparatively robust, hardly narrowed posteriorly, 1.6-2.5x as long as its maximum width; T2 with strong longitudinal striations; (fig-55) mesosoma completely yellow; pronotum laterally without a pair of membranous spots C. (paracentistidea) punctatiscutelliim sp. nov. - Ti of metasoma more slender, distinctly narrowed posteriorly, 2.4-4.0 x as long as its maximum width; T2 with fine striations only laterally (fig-60,62); mesosoma with brownish patches elsewhere pronotum laterally with a pair of membranous spots C. (centistidea) achterbergi sp. nov. 15. Ovipositor sheaths short, not more than half as long as hind tibia; hypopygium short, medially folded but without striae; Ti often narrowed apically (Pholetesor Mason) 16 - Ovipositor sheaths longer rarely 2% as short as above; hypopygium longer, and usually 95% with median striation; T| only slightly or not at all narrowed apically (Apanteles and Dolichogenidea) 19 16. T] longitudinally aciculate anteriorly surrounding shallow basal excavation posteriorly aciculorugose (fig-96); propodeum shallowly rugulose (fig-97); tegulae yellow; legs completely yellow; T2 strongly triangular (fig-96j P.aciculatus sp.nov. - Ti smooth and shiny except few hairs (fig-101); propodeum smooth, shiny and punctate with hairs (104); tegulae dark brown to black; legs infuscated sub triangular to subrectangular (fig-101) 17 17. Hypopyzium sclerotized : T2 subrectangular (fig-101) P. cuminii sp. nov. - Hypopyzium weakly sclerotized (fig-80); T2 variable 18 18. Ovipositor sheaths 2.5x hind basitarsus (fig-80); hind basitarsus short, about as long as hind fibial spur; P. delbergiae sp. nov. - Ovipositor sheaths 1.2x hind basitarsus (fig-89); hind basitarsus long, about 2.25x as long as hind tibial spur; P. achyranthus sp. now. 19. Margin of vannal lobe concave to straight hairless or some times sparsely hairy ; punctures on scutum often confluent, usually aciculate posteriorly; Ti of metasoma parallel sided to strongly tapered apically. Genus Apanteles Foerster.... 21

11 - Margin of vannal lobe flattened uniformely hairy; punctures on scutum often sparsely well separated never aciculate posteriorly; Ti of metasoma slightly broader apically to parallel sided. (Dolichogenidea) 20 20. Ovipositor sheaths 0.75x as long as Ti (fig-72,73); propodeum with pentagonal areola and costulae (fig-71) D. syngremma sp. nov. - Ovipositor sheaths about as long as Ti(fig-69); propodeum with nearly U shaped areola and costulae (fig-65) D. cordiae sp. nov. 21.1] strongly narrowed apically; metasoma dark throughout its length A calycinae Wilkinson - Ti parallel sided; metasoma brownish throughout its length A bambusae Wilkinson

12 1. Genus Bracon Fabricius

Bracon l-abricius, 1804: 102 T\'pe species: Ichneumon miniilalor Fabricius, 1798: 225. Designaled by International commission ofZoological Nomenclature, 1945; Opinion 162. ,l//c7Y)/vv;co/;,A,slimead. 1890 : 15 T)pe species: Microhracon sulcifrons Ashmead, 1890, by monotypy. Synonymy by Hincks, 1943. Im/crv>//;7rt/Ashmead. 1900: 118 Type species: Zele palliilivcniris Provancher, 1880, by monotypy and original designation. Synonymy by Muesebeck, 1956. .\/(/(V()(/vc7«/w Ashmead. 1900: 138 T\pe: species: Bracon eiiiirae Ashmead, 1889, by monotypy and original designation. Synonymy by Szepligeti, 1904 T'rop/c/o/vaco/i Ashmead, 1900: 139 Type-species: Bracon gastroideae Ashmead, 1889, by monotypy and original designation. S\'non}'my by Szepligeti, 1904 Liolvacon (Ashmead) Nason, 1905: 298 Type-species : Bracon niiperiis Cresson, 1872, by designation of Viereck, 1914.Synonymy by Viereck. 1914 Sch.Jihi.s Mrethes. 1909: 226 Type species: Seliodiis le.staceiis Brethes, 1909. Synonymy by Quick and Sharkey, 1989. ,WR7-O/)/7/CW7 Ashmead: Ayyar, 1924: 354; 1925:487; 1928:41 Microhracon Ashmead; Muesebeck, 1925: 3. Bracon Fabricius; Mason, 1978: 723 /J/7/cw? Fabricius; QuickC, 1987: 104; 1997: 155

Diagnosis: Antenna usually with more than 20 flagellomeres; fore wing vein 3-SR more than 1.6 x longer than vein r, vein 2-SR+M short, base of hind wing usually densely setose; tarsal claws simple with large pointed basal lobe; median area of metanotum usually with only a short anterior carina; propodeum variable; ovipositor with a distinct pre-apical dorsal notch or nodus and usually with well developed apico-ventral serrations.

The genus Bracon is represented by 60 species from Indo-Australian Region, of which 11 species have been reported from India (Shenefelt 1978). In the present work ?i species are described as new and a key to all known species from India is also proposed.

13 Key to the Indian species of Bra con

Red and dark coloured with fuscous or fusco-hyaline wings...

Reddish or reddish-yellow with hyaline or yellowish-hyaline wings 5 2. Exerted part of ovipositor as long as metasoma; wings fusco-hyaline 3 - ILxerled part of ovipositor longer than metasoma; wings liiscous 4 -v Mclasonia smoolh and shining; fore wing vein 3-SR a lilllc more than two and a half times the length of the vein r B...chilocicla (Ayyar) Melasoma coarsely punclale; Ibrewing vein 3-SR more than three times the length of the vein r B. pongamiaensis Shenefelt 4. Ovipositor slightly longer than the body; melasoma minutely punclale and striated; wings light fuscous B.queltaensis Cameron ()\ iposilor slightly shorter than the body; Tl longitudinally striated, T2 irregularly rugose punctate and others coarsely punctate; wings uniformly dark fuscous B.punjabensis Cameron 5. Melasoma maculate 6 metasoma immaculate 11 (). Anienna 22-24 segmented; metasomal tergites variable 7 Antenna 25-27 segmented; metasoma with five tergites 9 7. 2'" metasomal suture not crenulate;wings hyaline 10 2'" metasomal suture variable; wings yellowish hyaine 8 8.. 12 longitudinally striated,T3 obliquely striated, T4-'f5 with strigose. 2"' metasomal suture not crenulate B.phacospophagus sp.nov. T2-T5 punctate reticulate; 2"' metasomal suture crenulate; B.whitfieldi sp.nov. 9. 'r3 a little longer than T2 B. lefroyi (Diidgeon&Goiigh) - T3 much shorter than T2 :0.70 x.as long asT2 B.cosinopleiyx sp.nov.

10. T2 finely and sparsely punctate; 2"'' submarginal cell of fore wing long and narrow: antenna greyish or reddish brown B.gelechidiphagus Ayyar - 'fi strongly and coarsely punctate; 2"'' submarginal cell of fore wing relatively small; antenna black B.Jacharidae Cameron. 11. 2"'' metasomal suture distinct; wings hyaline 12 - 2"'' metasomal suture weakly defined; wings yellowish hyaline 13

14 12. TT and T3 coarsely reticulate; 2"'' submarginal cell of fore wing longer than the first B.greeni Ashmead T: and T3 coarsely punctate; 2"^ submarginal cell of fore wing shorter than the first B iridipensis Cameron 13. 2" submarginal cell of fore wing shorter than the first; notauli weakly defined; o\ ipositor short, about half the length of metasoma B.melleus (Ayyar) 2'" submarginal cell of fore wing longer than the first; notauli shallow and hairy; Oxipositor as long as metasoma B.jncarnatus (Ayyar)

1. Bracon phacospophagus sp. nov. (Fig. 1-7)

Female: Body length:2.4 mm ; Length of fore w-ing : 2.3 mm

Head: Mead 1.7 x as wide as long (14 : 25);0.70 x as long as its height in dorsal view: length of eye about 2 x as long as temple (5:10) in dorsal view, vertex smooth, finelN'an d sparsely punctate with hairs; eye about as long as wide (10:11), glabrous and not emarginatc; temple smooth, shiny, finely and sparsely punctate with hairs; OOL:POL: A0L:O0D = 6 :2 :2:2 ; stemmaticum protruding; frons concave, smooth, shiny with a median longitudinal sulcus; face about 2 x as wide as long (7:13): somewhat flattened with a median longitudinal sulcus; length of malar space 2 X basal width of mandible; dorsal margin of clypeus distinct. Antennae slightly longer than body. 22 segmented, scape about as long as wide, pedicel 0.66 x as long as wide, (2:3) F| -F|(, 2.0 x as long as wide, F17 - F19 2.6x as long as wide, apical segment slender and pointed.

Mesosoma: Mesosoma 1.5 x as long as wide (35:23) and 1.4 x its height; pronotum punctlate: Mesoscutum smooth, shiny, distinctly punctate not evenly setose, notauli broad almost parallel complete, middle lobe of mesoscutum punctulate; scutellum slightly convex, smooth, shiny, sparsely punctate with hairs; propodeum about 2 X as wide as long (9:17), smooth, shiny, anteriorly indistinctly punctate with hairs and having short mid-longitudinal carina at apex, metanotum medially convex and without mid longitudinal carina, propleuron anterioly punctulate, posteriorly

15 !incl\' punclatc. mcsoplcuron evenly convex, smooth, except medio-laterally concave with few punctate with hairs; metapleuron punctate with hairs.

Wings: Fore wing 3.0 x as long as wide; stigma 2.7 x as long as wide (7:19) r : .-SR : SR, = 5:12:24 : angle between 1-SR and C+ SC+R about 8(/' ; 2-SR ; 3-SR : r-m = 8: 12:5; Cu-a converging posteriorly.

Legs: Hind coxa punctate with hairs; length of femur, tibia and basitarsus 3.3, 8.3, 5.0 X their width respectively; outer tibial spur 1.5 x inner tibial spur

Metasoma: Metasoma 1.58 x as long as wide (38:24); Ti 1.25 x as long as its apical width (10:8). about 3 x its basal width (10:3), corners separated by deep crenalated grooves, median field triangular, and smooth, side of groove rough; second suture not crenulated, T2 2.6 x as wide as long, subrectangular with strong longitudinally striation; T3 shorter than T2 with oblique longitudinal striation; T4-T5 with strigose, T(, almost smooth, length of ovipostor sheath 0.15 x fore wing.

Colour: Body honey yellow; ovipositar, tip of mandible, stemmaticum, eyes black; T2-'f(, with black markings; mesoscutum with red brown marking .

Male: Unknown.

Host: Acrocercops phaeospora (Meyrick.)

Molotypev: INDIA: Uttar Pradesh, Aligarh,l6.III. 2005, ex. Acrocercops phaeospora on Syzygium cuminii (coll. Kavita Pandey). Paratype,! $, same data as holotype.

Etymolog}': The new species name raferes to its host.

Remarks: B. phacospophagus sp. nov. is closely related to B. cosmopieryx sp. nov. but differs in the following characters, (i) Antenna 22 segmented (Antenna 26 segmented) (ii) propodeum with short mid longitudinal carina at apex and smooth (Propodeum with complete midian longitudinal carina & punctate with hairs) (iii) Metasoma flattened (Metasoma comvex) (iv) T4 & T5 tergite not deeply impressed (T4 & '["s tergite deeply impressed) (v) Metasoma with six visible tergites (Metasoma with five visible Tergite) (v) T2 longitudnally striated, T3 obliquely striated and T4-T5 strigose (T2-T5 punctate reticulate and setose) 2. Bracon cosmopteryx sp. no v. (Fig. 8-14)

Female: Body length : 2.55 mm.; Length of fore wing 2.55 mm, Length of antenna; 2.50mm.

Head: Head 2.8x as wide as long as in dorsal view (10:28); length of eye almost 2.0 x as temple in dorsal view (5;11); eyes glabrous, slightly longer than wide; temple and vertex punctate with hairs; OOL: POL ; AOL : OOD = 6 : 2:2:2 ; stemmaticum raised, punctate with hairs; frons concave with a mid longitudinal sulcus medially extending up to the ocellus; face 1.4x as wide as long, punctate densely setose; clypeus wide, punctate with hairs; malar space 2.5x as basal width of mandible (5:2) . Antennae about as long as body, 26 segmented, V\ -FT slightly longer than remain segment ; F3-F23 about equal in length, apical segment more slender and pointed, antennae without placodes.

Meso.soma: Mesosoma 1.35 x as long as wide (38:28); 1.3x its height (28:29); pronouiiii smooth, mcsocutum punctate with hairs, noUuili distinct,almost parallel each other; scutellur sulcus narrow crenulate; scutellum convex, distinctly punctatewith hairs; metanotum somewhat smooth with mid longitudinal carina; propodeum 2x as wide as long with deep mid longitudinal carina; lateral lobes convex, anteriorly punctate with hairs, posteriorly with rugosities; propleuron smooth; mesopleuron distinct punctate with hairs, pleural suture crenulate; metapleuron punctate hairy.

Wings: Fore wing 2.6 x as long as wide; stigma almost 3 x as long as wide (20:7) : 1-SR+M .straight; 3-SR 1.6 x r (8:4) ; r : 3-SR : SR, = 5:8 : 23 ; 2-SR ; r-m : 2N'l =-" 6:5: 12 : cu-a interstitial.

Legs: Hind coxa smooth; length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 2.7.\, 7x and 6x their width respectively.

Metasoma: Metasoma 1.35 x as long as wide (54:35); tergite I about as long as its apical width (12:12), about 4 x its basal width (12:3), corners separated by deep crenulated groove form median triangular area, smooth except few punctures, a single line of hairs at apex present, side of tergite I indistinct punctate with hairs; second

17 tci'gite 1.8 X as wide as long, second suture crenulate, sinuate; T3 2.2 x as wide as long, mucli shorter than Ti; T2 -T5 punctate reticulate and sestose; third and fourth suture deeply iiViprcssed, ovipostor thick, hairy and much shorter than fore wing.

Colour: Body yellowish brown; eyes brown ; ocelli transparent, black marking on T2-T4, mid longitudmal carina of propodeum, metanotum, mesoscutum, stemmaticum. ovipositor sheath black, legs yellowish, wings infuscated, veins and stigma brown.

Male: Unknown

Host: Cosmoptcryxphaeogastra (Meyrick).

Holotypcy: INDIA, Uttar Pradesh, Aligarh, 24.IX.2000, ex.Cosmopteryx plntcoyasira on Phaseolus radiatits (coll.Kavila Pandey).

Etymology: The new species name raieres to its host.

iU>inarks: B. cosmopteryx sp.nov. is closely related to B. phacospophagus sp.nov. but differs in the Ibllowing characters, (i) Antennae 26 segmented (Antennae 24 segmented) (ii) •r2-T5 punctate reticulate (T2 longitudinally striated. T3 obliquely striated,T4-T5 strigose)

3. Bracon whitfieldi sp. nov.

(Fig. 15-21)

Female: Body length : 2.17 mm; Length fore wing: 2.27 mm.

Head: Mead almost 2x as wide as long in dorsal view,0.61 x as long as its height (11:18) ; length of eye 2.0 x temple in dorsal view; vertex .smooth, shiny and punctate with hairs; temple smooth, finely punctate with hairs; OOL: POL : AOL : O OD = 6: 2:2:2 ; stemmaticum protruding, eyes oval as long as wide, glabrous; frons cuiiea\e wifn a mid longitudinal sulcus extending up to the ocellus ; face about 2x as wide as long, pubescent, concave medially, with a longitudinal ridge, indistinctly punctate; clypeus indistinctly punctuate; malar space 2 x as basal width of mandible

(4:2 V .Anicnnae longer than body, 24 segmented, F| slightly longer, rest of segment equal in length , apical segment more slender and pointed, antennae setose having many placodes..

Mesosoma: Mesosoma 1.4 x as long as wide, 1.2 x its height, mesoscutum distincil)' punctate with hairs, evenly setose, notauli distinct, complete, almost parallel to each other; scutellar sulcus narrow and finely crenulate; scutellum convex, pubescent.with fine punctures; metanotum with short mid longitudinal carina; propodeum medially deep with complete mid longitudinal carina, lateral area swollen, somewhat granulate, punctate with hairs; and propleuron smooth and shiny; mesopleuron smooth, sparsely punctate and postero-ventrally somewhat punctulate, pleural suture crenulate; metapleuron punctate with hairs.

Wings: Fore wing about 3.0 x as long as wide ; sfigma 2.5 x as long wide; 1- SR+M straight, 3-SR 1.75 x r (7:4); r: 3-SR ; SR, = 4:7:22; 2-SR : r-m : 2-M = 6:4:10 Cu-a subinterstitial

Legs: Hind coxa smooth; length of femur, tibia and basitarrus of hind leg 2.6, 8.0, and 5.0 x their width respectively, tarsal claw simple with basal lobe.

Metasoma: Metasoma 1.8 x as long as wide; Tl about as long as its apical \\idth. about 3.0 x its basal width (11:4) corners separated by deep crenulated groove form median triangular area smooth, metasomal suture I hairy, corners transparent . T) 1.5 X as wide as long; T3 shorter than T2, metasoma suture II crenulate ; T2- T5 punctate reticulate; ovipositor much shorter than fore wing.

Colour: Body yellowish brown; Head, mesoscutum (with dark brown patchs), scutellum, legs, T2-T4 (with dark brown patches), T5 -Tg, scape, pedicel, Fi- F|| yellow; eyes black ; stemmaficum, ovipositor sheaths dark brown; Ocelli, propodeum (median longitudinal carina dark brown) stigma, veins, tip of mandible, 1 i:-l:]i ()\'iposilo!" brown: wings infuscatcd.

Male: Unknown

Host; Lilhocokllis virgukita

Holotypc 9: INDI.A: Uttar Pradesh, Aligarh, 05. 1V.2004, ex. Lilhocolhts vir^^iilaia on Pongamla glabra (coll.Kavita Pandey). Paratype, 1 $, with same data as holotype.

19 Etymologj': The new speices named after Prof. J.B. Whitfield for his contribution towards the knowledge of parasitoids of Icpidopleran leaf miners.

Remarks: Bracon whiifieldi sp. nov.is closely related to B. lefroyi (Dudgeon and (jough) but differs in the following characters, (i) Antenna 24 segmented (Antenna 25-27 segmented) (ii) Black markings absent in base of antenna,scutellum,pleurae and fifth tergite(black marking present in base of antenna .scutellum pleurae and fifth tergite) (iii)Mesopleurcin smooth sparsely puncture and postero ventrally somewhat punctulate (mesopleuron finely shagreened) (iv) propodeum pubescent with complete mid longitudinal carina (propodeum without mid longitudinal carina except at apex), (v) T2 about 2x as wide as long (T2 about 4x as wide as long) (vi) T3 much shorter than T? (T3 little longer than T2). (vii) T2-T5 punctale reticulate (metasoma roughened except of corners of T|) (viii) Ovipositor dislincih' shorter than abdomen (ovipositor slightiy longer than abdomen).

20 II. Genus Ascogaster Wesmael

Ascogasler Wesmael, 1835: 226. Type-species: Aixogasier instabilis, by subsequent dc:.;giiation of Foersier, 1862. Cascogasie:- Baker. 1926: 482. Type-species: Cascogasler fullawayi Baker, by original designation; by synonymy VVatanahc 1937. ' ' ' ' .' ' I.cploilri'pana Shaw. 1983: 37. T\'pc-spL'ci(^s: Lepux/ri-pana opiiiUiae Shaw,by original designation and synonymy l:)y Achlerberg, 1990.

Divij^noosis; Pore wing with vein 1-SR+M present, separating the first siibmarginal and discal cell; eyes glabrous, exceptionally hairy in A. Sciiila (Tang & Marsh. 1994)'. antennae usually filform, with more than 20 segments; vein l-SR o! lore wing disiincl. The genus Ascogasler Wesmael. is represented by 40 species from Indo- Atistralian region (Shenet^elt. 1973; Walker & Huddleslon, 1987a; Tang & Marsh. 1994) hovvexer. only 3 spceies have been reported froiu India. In the present work a known species is recorded.

4. Ascoi^iistcr acrocercophagus Shujauddin & Varshncy

.l'^i(>;j,a\ici' cu'ri)ccrc()[}h(/{;^iis Shujauddin & Varshncy, 1997 : 95-97. Material examined : 2$$, ^So- INDIA : UUar Pradesh. Bulandshar; 10. Xi, 2006; ex. AcrocL'rcops syn

21 III. Genus Chcloniis Panzer

Chcloiuis I'an/cr. IS()6:99 Type species: Ichneiiinon uculalor Fabricius,by monolypy. Sigalphvs (Cheloni): Nees von Esenbeck, 1816: 260. Chelone: I.atreille, 1825:446. Tnichioiiiis: llaliday, 1833:265 Type species: Cheloniis mandibularis Haliday,by monotypy. Synonymy by Dalla Torre, 1898. Davisania La Mnnyon, 1877 Type species: Davisania aughei La Munyon, by designation of Viereck, 1914.Synonymy by Vicreck. 1914. Arichelonus Viereck, 1913: 641. Type species: Chelomis aculeatus Ashmead, by monotypy and original designation.Synonymy byDeSaeger, 1948. Mcgaclicloniis Baker, 1926:457. Type species: Megachelonus bidentatiis Baker,by original designation. Synonymy by De Saeger, 1948.

Diagnosis: Fore wing vein 1- SR+M absent, eyes setose, antennae of female with mofe tlian 16-segmeiits; metasoma in lateral view 2-2.3x as long as high, about twice higher behind than basally, ie. distinctly increasing in height posteriorly, males wiihout foramen at the apex of metasoma.

The genus Chelomis is represented by 33 species from Indo-Auslralian region, however, only 8 species have been reported from Ind;a, so far (Rao and Chalikwar, 1971 : Shenefelt, 1973 ; Narendran et al., 1992 ; Kurhade and Nikam, 1994). In the present work one species is described as new and a key to the Indian species of the genus ('hcloniis is also proposed.

Key to the Indian species of Chelonus (Females)

1. .Antennae 1 8-segmented 2 - Antennae more than 18-segmented 3 2. Scuicllum with three strong longitudinal carina; scutellum shiny pubescent, rugose and strigose; hind coxa rugose Chelomis gcisti'ns Narendran and Sumodan - Scutellum with five strong longitudinal carina; scutellum pubescent rugoso reticulate; hind coxa smooth and hairy C.caenileus sp. nov. 3. Fore wings uniformly subhyaline or infuscated 4

11 Fore wings unilbrmly hyaline or basal half hyaline:, apical half infuscated or with a fuscous cloud in middle '. 5 4. lore wings subhyaline ; metasoma entirely rufous C. nifus Lyle. Fore wings infuscated; metasoma with a small pale yellowish spot on each side C.carbonator Marshall 5. Fore wings hyaline with a broad fuscous cloud in the middle enclosing the marginal and first and second submarginal cell; antennae more than 30- segmentcd C.indicus Cameron. Fore wings entirely hyaline without any cloud or basal half hyaline, apical half infuscated ; antennae less than 30-segmep.ted 6 6. Fore wings entirely hyaline ; antennae 26-segmented 7 I'orc wings basal half hyaline, apical half infuscated ; antennae less than 26- scgmented 8 7. Frons with a horn between the antennae; ovipositor concealed C.formosanus Sonan Frons without a horn between the antennae; ovipositor as long as hind basitarsus C.deogiri Kurhade &Nikam. 8. Ventral opening extending almost to the apex of metasoma; vertex coarsely punctate: female antennae 24-segmented C naraycmi Subba Rao Ventral opening not extending upto the apex of metasoma; vertex deeply reiiculately rugose; female antennae 25 segmented C.dv'ihindus Rao and Chalikwar.

5. Chelonus caerideus sp. nov. (Fig. 22-27)

Female: Body length: 2.5 mm; Length of fore wing : 1.7 mm; length of antenna: 1.7 mm.

Head; Head 2.8 x as wide as long in dorsal view; eye 2x as temple in dorsal \'iew: eye about as long as wide ; OOL:POL: AOL : 0(3D = 7:4:2:2: vertex strigoso- punctaie hairy ; temple strigoso-punctate with hairs ; frons deep smooth, just above the antennal socket transversely striated and between antennal socket having longitudinally striation; face almost 2x as wide as long, rugulose, clypeus punctate with hairs ; malar space 2x basal width of mandible (6:3). Antenna distinctly shorter ihan body length. 18 segmented, flagellomers gradually decreasing in length towards apical ; Fu- FK,sligthly longer than F13.

Mesosoma: Mcsosoma 1.3x as long as its height; mesoscutum rugoso- reticulalc, notauli distinct by the presence of deeper reticutation along the notaular lines, mesonoium with a mid longitudinal carina, prescutellar furrow broad with mid longitudinal carina and four lateral carina; scutellum rugoso-reticulate ; metanotum with crenulated furrow ; propodeum rugoso-reticulate; niesopleuron rugoso-reticulate, mesopleural sulcus distinct crenulated.

Wings: Fore wing slightly infuscated, 2.1 x as long as wide; stigma almost 2x as long as wide l-R] slightly longer than stigma; r shorter than half the breadth of siigma. r :3-SR: SR| = 5 : .3 ; 17, fore wing shorter than body length.

Legs: flind coxa smooth and hairy ; almost 2x as wide as long, length of fcnuir. tibia, and basitarsus of hind leg 2.3x , 3.57x and 2.3 x their width respectively

Metasoma: Metasoma 1.72 x as long as wide ; Metasoma slightly longer than mcsosoma; carapace rugoso-reticulate two strong longituctinal carina at basal % part of the metasoma; ventral opening reaches more than half of the metasoma; ovipositor short in dorsal view, ovipositor hardly visible.

Colour: Head, thorax and abdomen black; eyes dark brown; ocelli yellowish brown: antenna, tegulae, all femora and apex of tibia, ovipositor, veins (exept M+CU) Hght brown; stigma. M+CU dark brown, all tarsus and tibial spurs yellow.

Male : Unknown

Host: Acrocercops Caenilea Meyrick

Holotype^: INDIA: Uttar Pradesh, Aligarh, 26.10.68, ex Acrocercops Caendeu on Dolichos lablab. (coll. Shujauddin). Paratype,l$,with same data as holotype.

Etymology: The new species name refers to its host.

24 Remarks: Chelonus caerulens sp.nov. is closely related to C. gastnis Narendran and Sumodan but differs in the following characters (i). Scutellum pubescent rugoso-reticutate (scutellum shiny, pubescent rugose and strigose;) (ii). Hind coxa smooth & hairy, 2.0 x as lang as wide (hind coxa rugose, 1.6 x as long as wide) (iii). 3-SR 2.7 x as long as r (5 : 3) (3-SR about as long as 1.2 x r (6 : 5)) (iv). Frons transversely striated just above the antennal sock(Jt and longitudinal Striated between the antennal socket (frons coarsely punctate with a mid longitudinal carina) (v). Carapace completely black (carapace black except basal yellow band) (vi). prescutcliar furrow broad with five mid longitudinal carina (prescutellar furrow broad with three strong mid longitudinal carina) (vii). Ventral opening reaches more than half of the metasoma (ventral opening reaches almost upto middle).

25 IV. Genus Microclielonus Szepligeti

Microchelonus Szepligeti. 1908a: 403. Type-spec:es: Micrache/omis hungariciis Szepligeti, by monotypy. i'hclonelld Szepligeti, 1908a: 403.[Preoccupied by Chelonella [-Benedon and Hesse,1863:80 in trematoda] Type species: Cheluniis basulis Curtis,by designation of Viereck. 1914. Synonymy by Muesebeck and Walkley. 1951. .\i'ochelonella Hincks, 1943: 98.Replacement name for Chelonella S2:epligeti. Type species: Cheloniis hasalis Curtis.Synonymy by Muesebeck & Walkley, 1951. Cheloiuis (Microchelonus) Fahringer, 1934: 505. Chcliimis (Ncochclonella) De Saeger, 1948: 97.

Diagrio.sis: Fore wing with vein 1-SR+M absent; eyes setose; antennae of female with 16-segments, males usually have a foraman of variable sizes and shapes at the apex of metasoma, when antennae with more than 16-segxTients than males always with a foramen; metasoma in lateral view 2.5-3.5 x as long as high, distinctly less than twice as high behind as basally, i.e. less increasing in height posteriorly.

The genus Microchelonus Szepl. is represented by 32 species from Indo- .'Xustralian region, of which 13 species have been report(jd from India so far (Rao & Chalikwar, 197rs Shenefelt, 1973; Walker & Huddleston, 1987b; Narendran et al, 1992;Kurhade&N:ikam, 1993).

In the present work three new species are described from India. The species Cheloniis chailini Walker & Huddleston has been transferred in the genus Microchelonus as a new combination on the basis of female having 16 antennal segments A. key to the Indian species of the genus Microchelonus proposed.

26 Key to the Indian species of Microchelonus

(Females) 1 ^ Meiasoma with a spine at apex 2 Metasoma without spine at apex 5 2. Metasoma strongly decHvous below the spine : clypeus rugose M. spinigaster sp.nov. Metasoma not declivous but making an angle with the spine; clypeus punctate... .3 3. Metasoma elongate oval ; ovipositor short, generally retracted beneath carapace; wings more or less inlijscated; OOL 3.5-4.0 x ocellar diameter Mchailini (Walker &Huddleston) comb.nov.

metasoma strongly convex in the middle; ovipositor sheaths in lateral viewl .4 as long as hind basitarsus; wings hyaline; OOL 2.5-3.5 ocellar diameter 4

4. Face strigosc; mesosciitum punctate reticulate; stigma 2.4 x as long as broad; 3- SR as long as r; scape less than 2x as long as wide M pongamiae sp.nov.

-. Face rugulose; mesoscutum reticulate rugose; stigma 2.0 x as long as wide; 3-SR 1.5 as long as r; scape 2 x as long as wide M cordiae sp.nov

5. Meiasoma entirely black 6

- Metasoma not entirely black, with pale yellow or white band or spots 7

6. Scutellum with a U-shaped areola in the middle; OOL = 0.67x POL ; fore wing with r nearly half the breadth of pterostigma M...shyamus (Narendran & Rema).

- Scutellum without areola ; OOL = POL ; fore wing with r nearly one-third the breadth of pterostigma M.cycloporns (Franz).

7. Ventral opening reaching nearly upto half of metasoma ; body length more than 4 mm M.sciileUelus (Narendran&Sumodan)

- Ventral opening always exceeding half of metasoma; body length less than 4 mm

27

Body length more than 2 mm; ventral opening of metasoma may or may not reaching at apex 9

9. Clypcus rugose or rugulose ; ventral opening reaching or almost reaching at apex M.naethrm (Narrendran &Sumodan)

Clypeus punctate; ventral opening not reaching at apex 10

10. Malar space as long as basal width of mandible 11.

Malar space more than basal width of mandible 13.

11. Fore wings entirely hyaline; antennae extending back up to end of basal third of nictasoma M.heliopae (Gupta).

l-orc wings basal half hyaline apical half more or less infascated; antennae extending back up to base of the metasoma 12.

l2,Propodeum with lateral tubercles small; fore wing with r straight M.blackhurni (Cam.eron).

Propodeum with lateral tubercles strong, tooth like; fore wing with r evenly curved M..nigripes Rao & Chalikwar.

13. Malar space 2.35 x basal width of mandible ; clypeus closely, deeply punctate M.raoiKmhadQ &Nikam.

Malar space less than twice the basal width of mandible; clypeus sparsely punctate M.notauU Rao & Chalikwar.

28 6. Microcfieloniis splnigaster sj). no\ (Fig. 28-35)

Female: Body length : 2.43 mm.

Head: Mead 1.6 x a.s wide as long; eye 1.75 x as long as temple; frons smgosc. slightly depressed, carina distinct; OOL = 1.5 x POL ; face rugulose, 1.8 x as wide as high, carina absent ; clypeus rugose ; malar space 2.0 x basal width of mandible, the latter with subeqiial teeth; antennae 16-segmented, subfiliform, extending back slightly beyond the base of metasoma, scape 2.0 x as long as broad, I'I almost 3.0 x as long as wide, this ratio decreases gradually, F8-F11 almost as long as wide 1"12-1'13 slightly longer than broad, apical segment 2.0 x as long as wide.

Mesosoma: Mesosoma 1.2 x as long as wide; mesoscutum reticulate-rugose, notauli shallow; scutellum reticulate; propodeum reticulate- rugose, lateral pair of tubercles almost as long as submedian pair;

Wings: Fore wing 1.4 x shorter than body ; pterostigma 2.0 x as long as wide, silightly longer than 1-Rl; 3-SR 1.6 x as long as r; SRI curved;

Legs: Hind femur 3.3 x as long as broad, 0.8 x as long as hind tibia, the latter 1.3 x as long wide, the latter 1.3 x as long as hind tarsus.

Metasoma: Metasoma strongly convex in the middle, reticulate-rugose with converging carinae on basal fourth and a spine at apex, in lateral view 2.8 x as long as high, distinctly less than twice as high behind as basally; ventral opening not reaching at apex, distance from ventral opening to apex of metasoma 1.7 x as long as hind basitarsus; ovipositor sheaths in lateral view almost as long as hind basitarsus ; metasoma strongly declivous below the spine.

Colour: Mead and mesosoma black; antennae yellow, gradually becoming brown towards apex; eyes black with yellowish tint; ocelli brownish black, ocellar spot black: metasoma brownish-black; apical spine of me:asoma and legs brown with fore and mid tibiae and tarsi yellowish, coxae blackish-brown; wings hyaline, pterostigma, para.stigma, C+SC+ R and 1-Rl brown, rest of the veins pale.

29 Male: Similar to female but with longer antennae, reaching upto basal third in males with 16- segmented antennae (10 specimens) and upto the middle ormetasomia in males with 18 segmented antennae; apex of metasoma devoid of a foramen

Host: Acrocercops lysibathrciiMcyrick) HololypcV: INDIA; Uttar F^radesh, Aligarh , 15. IX. 1980.. ex. Acrocercops lysihalhra on Cordia latifolia Roxb. (coU.Shujauddin)., Paratypes ,7$,14 C)'(5',with same data as h()loi\pe. Etymology: The new speices name indicates its spine on gaster.

Remarks: Microchelonus spinigasler sp.nov. is cicsely related to h4 chailini (Walker & Huddleston) and M.cordiae sp. nov. but differs in the following characters, meiasoma strongly declivous below the spine and clypeus rugose.

7. Microcheloniis chailini (Walker & Huddleston) comb.n.

Chelomis chailini Walker & Huddleston, 1987b : 437-440.

Material examined : 1$. 3oo. INDIA: Utlar Pradesh, Aligarh, 17.viii.2006, ex. Acrocercops phacospora. (coil. Kavita Pandey).

Hosts: Acrocercops cuendea Mcyrick, A. diffiiieUa van Deventer, A. globulifera Meyrick, Epicephala chalybacma Meyrick. A. phaeospora Meyrick recorded doubtfuih' from hidia by Walker and Huddleston, 1987b. A. phaeospora (present record)

Distribution: INDIA: Malaysia.

30 8. Microclielonus cordUie sp.nov.

Female: l^ody ienglh: 2.25 mm. (Fig. 37-41)

Head: I lead almost twice as wide as long; eye twice as long as temple ; Irons strigose, depressed, carina distinct; 00L= 1.2 x POL ; face rugulosc, 1.7 x as wide as high, carina present; clypeus sparsely punctate; malar space 2.5 x basal width oi mandible, the latter with inner tooth distinctly shorter than outer.; antenna 16- segmcnted. subniiform, extending back slightly beyond the base of metasoma, scape 2.3 X as long as wide. I'l almost 3.0 x as long as wide, this ratio decreases gradually, segments F7-F10 slightly wider than long, segments FI1-F13 almost as long wide apical segments less than twice as long as wide

.Mcsosoma: Mesosoma 1.2 x as long as wide; mesoscutum reticulate-rugose, notauli shallow; scutellum reticulate; propodeum reticulate-rugose, lateral pair of luhercles almost as long as submedian pair.

Wings: Fore wing F3 x shorter than body ; pterostigma 2,0 x as long as wide, as \o\v^ as 1-Rl ; 3-SR 1.3 x as long as r: SRI slightly curved.

Legs: Hind femur 3.3 x as long as wide, 0.77 x as long as hind tibia, the latter 1.2 x as long as hind tarsus.

Metasoma: Metasoma strongly convex in the middle, reticulate-rugose, with converging carinae on basal-fourth and a spine at apex, in lateral view 2.5 x as long as high, distinctly less than twice as high behind as basally; ventral opening not reaching at apex, distance from ventral opening to apex of metasoma almost as long as hind basiiarsus; o\'ipositor sheaths in lateral view 1.4 x as long as hind basitarsus ; metasoma not declivous but making an angle with the spine.

Colour: Head and metasoma brownish-black; antennae yellow gradually becoming N'ellowish-brown tow'ards apex ; eyes black with yellowish tint; ocelli yellow, ocellar spot brow'nish-black ; mesosoma black ; legs yellow with hind femur and bases and apex of hind tibiae yellowish-brown, coxae red-testaceous ; wings h)alinc; parastigma. pterostigma C+SC +R and 1-Rl brown, rest of the veins pale.

Male: Similar to female but with 17- segmented antennae ; apex of metasoma devoid of a foramen. Host: Acrocercops lysibathra (Meyrick.) Holotypc?: INDlA:Uttar Pradesh, Aligarh, 3.x. 1968; ex. Acrocercops lysibathra on Cordia latifolia Roxb.(colL Shujauddin). Paralype ,1$, 1(5,.with same dala as holotype.

Etj'inology: The new speices name refers to its host plant.

Remarks: Microchclomis cardiac sp. nov. is closely related to M.chailini (Walker & Huddleslon), but differes in the following characters, mctasoma strongh' convex in the middle, ovipostitor sheath in lateral view 1.4 x as long as hind basitarsLis, wings hyaline and OOL = 2.4 x ocellar diameter.

9. Microchelonuspongamiae sp. nov. (Fig. 43-49)

Female: Body length : 2.42 mm;. Length of fore wing: 1.87 mm; Length of amcniuie: 1.67 mm.

Head: Head 2.5 x as wide as long; eyes almost 2x temple; frons concave area smooth, mcdiall) convex punctate and at sides longitudinally striated; OOL: POL: .•\0f. : O OD = 6.5:3:2 ; vertex and temple pubescent, striated: face strigose, almost 2x as wide as long, only at the margin of eyes with longidinally striated ; clypeus wide almost 2x as wide as long, punctate with hairs; malar space 1.5 x basal width of mandible ; scape 2x as long as wide ; atennae 16 segmented, tlagellomeres gradually decreasing in length apically.

Mesosoma: Mesosoma 1.42x as long its height; mesoscutum, punciate reticulate, notauli finely impressed; scutellum punctate reticulate: propodeum 2.0 x as wide as long reticulate with a short median longitudinal carina present; Metanotum with longitudinal carina.

\Vin<^s: Stigma 2 5 v as long as wide; 1.1 x l-Rl, 3-SR as long as r ; SRi slightly curved.

Lc|^s: Length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind legs 3.5, 4.0 and 4.0 x their maximum width.

32 Mctasoma: Metasoma convex, reticulate, converging carina on basal fourtli and a spine at apex; in lateral view 3.3 x as long as hight (40:12); ovipositor sheath 1.2 X longer than hind basitarsus hairy; ovipositor pointed, ventral openting reacting at apex.

C^olour: Body brownish black; antennae yellow gradually becoming yellowish brown towards apex; eyes greyish; ocelli brown; legs yellov/; hind femur and apex of hind tibia yellowish brown; coxae red testaceous, wings hyaline; stigma C+SC+R and 1-Rl brown, rest of the vein pale.

Male: Same as holotype:

Host: Lilhocolletis virgulata

HolotypeV: lNDlA:Uttar Pradesh; Aligarh, 28 VII 2005, ex. Lilhocolletis vir{:,iilciui on and Pongamia glabra and Terminalia hellerica (coll.Kavita Pandey) ParatN'pe.l 9 2rf((.Vi/ith same data as holotype.

Etj'mologj': The new speices name refers to its host plant.

Remarks: Microchelomis pongamiae sp.nov. is closely related to M cordiae sp. now but differs in the following characters, (i). Mesoscutum punctate reticulate (mesoscutum reticulate rugose) (ii). Propodeum reticulate (propodeum reticulate rugose ) (iii). 3-SR as long as r, (3-SR 1.3 x as long as r) (iv). Scape 2x as long as wide (scape 2.3 x as long as wide).

33 V. Genus Parahormius Nixon

Parahormius Kwon, 1940; 473 Type-species: ParahonnimJason Nixon. 1940; original designation. Parahormius Nixon; Narendran etal., 2002 : 53

Diagnosis: Head usually smooth and shining, occiput margined, pronotum much shorter in dorsal view, mesonotum polished and largely bare, prescutellar furrow narrow, epicnemial carina absent; fore wing with m-cu arising distad 2-SR; petiole smooth, highly polished; metasomal tergites beyond the petiole for the most part thin and membranous, lateral margin of T2-T6 with sclerotized patches, ovipositor of the female usually down curved, some times near straight but never curved upward.

The genus Parahormius Nixon is represented by six species from India. The present author records two known species. (Nixon 1940; Narendran et al, 2002).

10. Parahormius deiphobus Nixon

Parahormius deiphobus Nixon, 1940 : 479 Parahormius deiphobus'H'lxon; Hedqvist, 1963:49.

Material examined: 2, $ $ 10 cJc^, INDIA; Uttar Pradesh, Aligarh 26. V. 05,

Ex.. Leucoptera sphenograpta on Delbergia sisso (coll.. Kavita Pandey).

Host: Leucoptera sphenograpta (Meyrick.) Distribution: INDIA: Uttar Pradesh.

11. Parahormius jason Nixon

ParahorimisjasonK]Xon, 1940 : 478 ParahormiusjasonKixon; Mathur, 1942 : 54

Material examined: 5 ??, 10 S

Host: Leucoptera sphenograpta (Meyrick) Distribution: INDIA: Uttar Pradesh

34 VI. Genus Ccntistiilea Rohwer

Ccniistulca Rohwer, 1914:81. Type spesies; Ceniisiidea eclodemiae Rohwer 1914, by monotyoy and original designation. Centiiidea Rohwer; van Achterberg and Mehrnejad, 2002: 27-39.

Diaj^nosis: Dorsal face of the propodeum with a strong median carina,if rarely largely absent then antero medially the propodeum is rugose; posterior depression of the scutellum medium sized to large,and close to each other,if obsolescent or narrow and widely removed from each other,then tarsal claws with a distinct lobe;natauli usually shallowly impressed anteriorly.

This genus was sometimes treated as a synonymy of Mirax Haliday (ex,N4uesebeck, 1922, Shenefelt, 1972) however, van Achterberg and Mehrnejad (2002) treat Centistidea as a valid taxon.

The genus Ceniisiidea Rhower is a small genus with 23 described species from world. In the present work two new species are describe from hidia and a key to ihc Indian subgenera of Centistidea is proposed.

Key to the Indian subgenera of Centistidea

1, Wings membrane, moderately infuscate; tergite first of metasoma comparatively robust, hardly narrowed posteriorly, 1.6-2,5 x as long as its maximum width; second tergite with .strong striations; Mesosoma completely yellowish; pair of membranous spots of side of pronotum obsolescent Subgenus Paracentistidea van Achterberg and Mehrnejad 2. Wings membrane, infuscate; tergite first of metasoma, more slender, distinctly narrowed posteriorly. 2,4-4,0 x as long as its maximum width; second tergite with fine striation only laterally; mesosoma usually at least blackish; pair of membranous white spots of side of pronotum distinct 3 Subgenus Centistidea van Achterberg and Mehrnejad

35 12. Centistidea (Centistidea) punctatiscutellum sp. nov. (Fig. 51-56)

Female: Body length : 2.0 mm ; Length of forewing: 2.1mm; Length of antenna : 2.0 mm.

Head: Head 1.8 x as wide as long in dorsal view (12 : 22); length of eye 1.8 x temple (9 : 5) in dorsal view, shiny and indistinctly punctata; vertex shiny, indistinctly punctate with hairs; stemmaticum raised; OOL ; POL : AOL OOD = 4: 2:1: 2 ; inner margin of eyes subparallel; face distinctly convex niedially, flattened laterally smooth: elypeus smooth and evenly convex; malar space 1.2 x as long as basal width of the mandible; antennae 14 segmented. F| about 5 x as long as wide, 1.1 times longer than Vi. penultimate ilagellomere 2.5-3.0 x as long as wide& apical ilagellomere pointed.

Mesosoma: Mesosoma 1.5 x as long as wide; mcsoscutum shiny with distinct punctures, notouli only anteriorly impressed and finely crenulate; prescutellar furrow Jisiinci as a nai'row grocnc; scutelhim punclalc with hairs; propodeum somewhat smooth with a complete median longitudinal carina, bi:'.urcate trnteriorly, without irans\crse arina ; pair of membranous white spots at side of pronotum distinct, nicsoplouron smooth, nieia pleuron smooth.

Wings: .Stigma with a long slender, ajVical expansion, 2.4 x longer than wide, vein r issuing from its middle ; vien 1-K4 1.6 x longer than vien m-cu ; \'ein 1-Cui of fore wing as long as vien 2-Cui

Legs: Hind coxa smooth, length of hind femur, t.bia and basitarsus of hind log .vOm 7.0. and 4.5 x their maximum width; ; length of hind tibial spurs 0.26 and 0.33 X as long as hind basitarsus.

Metasoma: Metasoma about 2 x as long as wide; length of first tergites 2.3 x its maxintum width and 3.2 x its apical width, distinctly narrowed apically; Ti subtriangular. smooth, laterally membranous and longitudinally striated; T3 with longitudinally striated; ovipositor sheaths hairy at apical half; hypopygium smooth medially folded, truncate apically, weakly sclerotized and hairy.

.16 Colour: Body yellow to dark brown ; head yellow, eyes greyish, antennae brown; mcsonoluni and mela.soma dark brown to blackish ; proplcuron,mcsopleLiron, metapleuron. ovipositor brown; T3, laterotergiles yellowish; wings infuscate.

Male: Unknown

Host: Cosmopleryx phaeogastra (Meyrick).

HolotypeJ: INDIA: Uttar Pradesh, Etah, 4. X 2004, ex.. Cosmopleryx phaeooastra (Meyr) on Phaseohis cyUndrica (coll.Kavita Pandey) Paralype, 1$, with same data as holotype.

Etymology: The new speices name indicate its punctures on scutellun.

Remarks: Ccndslidea (Cenlistidea) punctaiisuCellum sp.nov. is closely related to C. .sii (Maeto. 1995) but differs in the following characters,, (i). Mesoscutum shiny with distinct punctures (mesoscutum shiny with indistinct puncture) (ii). Scutellum fmely punctate with hairs (scutellum smooth and shiny) ^iii). Vein 1-Cui slightly shiMior than 2-Cui (vein l-Cu] of fore wing as long as 2-Cui) (iv). Mesonotum complete dark brown (mesonotum tinged with brown)

13. Centistidea (Paracentistidea) achterbergi sp. nov. (Fig. 59-62)

Female : Bod\ length : 1.7 mm; Length of fore wing : 2.1 mm. ; Length of antenna : 1.7 mm.

Head: Head aboiii 2.\ as wide as long in dorsal view; length of eye 1.3 x as icmjilc m doisal \iew; temple and vertex shiny with indistinct punctures; ^icmn);iiicLim slighll) rai.sed: OOL : POL : AOL; (DOD - 6 : 3 ; 2 : 1.5 ; inner margin o\' eyes subparallel; face distinctly convex medially, llaltened laterally, somewhat smooth and shiny; clypeus smooth and evenly convex; malar space about 2 x as long as its basal width of mandible; antenna with 14 segmented ; Fi as long as F2 penultimate segment gradvially shortening apicaly, apical flagellomere pointed.

Mesosoma: N4esosoma 1.4 x as long as wide; mesoscutum shin}' with indistinct punctures, notauli only anteriorly impressed and finely crenulate;

37 prescLitellar furrow poorly developed ; scutellum smooth, shiny; propodeum somewhat smooth, with a complete median longitudinal carinae and a trace of transverse carinae and few rugosities; mesopleuron and metapleuron almost smooth.

Wing.s: Stigma with a long and slender apical expansion, 2.7 x longer than wide, vier r issuing from its middle; vein 1-M 1.5 x longer than vein m-cu; vein 1- Cul, slightly shorter than vein 2-Cui.

Legs: Hind coxa smooth, lentght of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 3.0 X . 7.1 X. and 4.0 x their maximum width, length hind tibial spur 0.30 x as hind basitarsus.

.Mctasoma: Mctasoma 1.5 x as long as wide; length of tlrst tergites 1.6 x its maximum width and 5 x its apical width, robust hardly narrowed posteriorly; second tergiic sclerotized with strong longitudinal striations ; hypopygium small, membranous, desclerotized, sparsely hairs at apex, not surpassing end of metasoma; ovipositor thick, hairy, distinctly shorter than petiole and hind basitarsus.

Colour: Body yellowish ; eyes black; ocelli transparent; head yellow; antenna brown (except for scapus and pedicel yellow); veins, pterostigma light brown; wings moderately infuscate apically; ovipositor basally yellowish and apically brownish.

Male: Same as holotype.

Host: Acrocercopsphaeospora{MQync\i)

Holotype2: INDIA; Uttar Pradesh. Etah, 9. VIIl. 2005, ex. Acrocercops phaeospora. on Syzygyium cuminii fcoll .Kavita Pandey). Paratype, l$,with same data as holot)'pe

Etj'molog}': The new speices name after Prof. Van. Achterberg, for his \akinhle contribution on world Braconidae. Remarks: Centistidea (Paracentistidea) achterergi sp. nov. is closely related to Centistidea pistacieUa van Achterberg and Mehrnejad 2002 but differs in the following characters,, (i). Side of scutellum smooth (side of scutellum super ficially rugulose.) (ii). Hind tarsal claw large and without acute lobe (hind tarsal claw rather large and with large acute lobe) (iii). Length of first tergite 1.6 x its maximum width and 5.0 x its apical width (length of first tergite 1.9x its maximum width and 2.5 x its apical width) (iv). Length of femur, tibia, and basitarsus of hind leg 3.0, 7.1 and 4.0 x their maximum width (length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 3.5, 11.8 and 5,4 X their niaximum width) (v). Clypeus 2.3 x as wide as long (clypeus 1.7 x as wide as loim). VII. Genus Apanteies Foerster

Apanie/es Foerster-1862; 245. Type species Microgaster ohscurus. Nees von Esenbeck. 1834; by inonotypy and original designation. L'n)i]iish'r Ashmead 1998; 166. Type species Urogasler vulgaris Ashmead. 1900; by subsequent designation of Viereck. 1914. Synonymy by Mason 1981. Xesui/xiiucles Cameron 1910-447. Type specksxeslapcileles lutiaimiilatns Cemeron. 18I0-by monotypy, Synonymy by Mason 1981. AllupiiiiiL'lL's Bn'thes 1915-404. Type species Allapanlles cecidiptae Brethes. 1915; by monotypy. Synonymy by Mason 1981. Apanteies Foerster; Mason 1981 ;50.

Remarks: The genus Apanteies was redescribed by Mason (1981). It mainly comprises the A. ater species group (Nixon, 1965) along with A. mycetophilus group (Nixon. 1965; see also Mason, 1981) found in the Indian region. The genus is characterized by having ovipositor sheaths more than half length of hind tibia and e\'cnl_\' hairy throughout, propodeal areola mostly complete, margin of venal lobe concave and hairless posterior scutum having aciculated punctures and T| parellel sided to narrower apicall}.

Nixon (1965) provided a key to the Old world species of the genus Apanteies. The species with a defined propodeal areola were placed in A. ater species group. He has included 18 species from Indian region in this group. Recently, Kurhade & Nikam (1997). Sumodan & Sevichan (1989) Sumodan & Narendran. 1990. Sathe & Ingawale (1995) and Sathe and Inamdar (1988) have added species under the genus Apanteies. In the present work A. hambusae Wilkinson has been recorded from Aligarh.

14. Apanteies bambusae Wilkinson

Apanteies hauhiisaeVslWkmsQCi 1928; 129. Material examined: 2$$; 16^ INDIA: Uttar Pradesh, Aligarh, 15.IX. 1981 ex Cosmopteryx banbusae (Myrick) on Bamboo, (Coll. Shujauddin) Host: Cosmopteryx banbusae, Meyrick. Distribution: India: Pusa; Uttar Pradesh.

40 VIII. Genus Dolic/togenideaYiercck

Dolichoi'^enic/ea Vicreck. 191: 173 (As subgenus of//prt/i/tVt'.v T\'pe species: Apanielcs (Dolichogenidca) hanksi Vieieck, by original designation Dolicliiiuenidca Viereck; Mason 1981 : 34.

Remarks: The genus Dolichogenidea was erected by Viereck (1911) and ircalcd in detail b}' Mason (1981) Dolichogenidea is closely related to the genus Apcinicles but il is easily distinguished for having margin of vannal lobe convex rarely llaitcned and uniformly hairy ,punctures of scutum distinct and well separated and Tl parallel sided or slightly broader apically. Mason (1981) in his phylogenetic analysis of the Microgastrinae, has not commcnled upon the placement of majority of the species from the old world and species of the Oriental region. Recently, Austin and Dangerfield (1992) classified Australasian Microgastrinae but the species belonging to the other parts of the Old World, especially hidian region still remain unclassified. The systematic placement of Indian Microgastrinae, in the light of Mason's (1981) generic scheme is in argent need and described species have to be properly placed into their respective genera. Therefore, in the present work only those species which were properly placed in Dolichogenidea have been included in the key and remaining species are not considered further. Two species are described as new and a key to the all species known from India is also proposed .

Key to the Indian species of Dolichogenidea

r Head 1.5-2,0 x as long as wide in dorsal view; hind coax smooth and shiny ; o\ipositor sheaths long ,1.2xas long as hind tibia D.masoni Pandey et al, - Head 2.0-2.5as long as wide in dorsal view ; hind coxa punctate with hairs; ovipositor short less then 0.75x as long as hind tibia 2 2. Hind femur entirely yellow 3 - Hind femur infuscated or brown 4 3. Tl distinctly longer than wide apically ;T2 strongly sculptured ; ovipositor thick and stout and uniformly curved towards apex D.mohandasi (Sumodan and Narendran) Tl about as long as wide apically ; T2 with onely weak traces of sculpture posteriorly ; obipositor long, slender and straight D.stantoni{A%\m-\Q&di) 4. T2 longitudinally rugose : frons punctuate with hairs ; propodeum with pentagonal areola and costulae D.syngremma sp.nov. 12 smooth and shiny ; frons smooth and shiny ; propodeun with U shaped areola and eoslulac 5 5. Stigma 2.0-2.5x as long as wide ; hind coax strongly punctate....D.cor^i/ae sp.nov. Stigma 2.5-3.5 x as long as wide ; hind coax variable 6 6. Ovipositor sheaths much shorter then hind 7 Ovipositor sheaths as long as or at most slightly shorter then hind tibia 10 7. Tl with noticeable median longitudinal carina ; hypopygium semi transparent D. lycoperci Sathe and Bhoje - T1 without median longitudinal carina ; haypopygium transparent 8 8. Flagcllum yellowish brown ; body small not more then 3 mm D.simflowari Sathe and Bhoje - Flagellum brown to blackish brown ; body small note more then 3 mm 9 9. Hypop}'gium acutely pointed ; mesoscutum punctuate ; scutellun densely hairy ; distance between tegulae 0.90 mm D.exiguvi Sathe and Bhoje 1 lypopygium not acutely pointed ; mesoscutum densely hairy ; scutellum strongly rugose punctuate distance between tegulae 0.60 mm D. mythimna Sathe and Bhoje 10. Ovipositor slieaths without an apical attenuation, equal to about the length of hind basitarsus ; hind fcnuir )elknv DJielerusiuei^Wkmson) - Ovipositor sheaths without an apical attenuation, if rarely present then it is clearly shorter then hind basitarsus D. haoris (Wilkinson)

42 15. Dolichogenldea cordiae sp. no v. (Fig. 64-69)

Female: Body length : 2.0mm. ; Length fore wing 1.7 mm; length of antennae; 1.8mm ;

Head: Head ahnost 2 x as long as wide in dorsal view; length of eye about as long as temple in dorsal view; temple, vertex punctate with hairs; eyes setose, 1.25 x as long as wide ; OOL : POL ; AOL : OOD = 5:3:1:2; frons deep, smooth; face slightly wider than long, slightly medially convex and laterally concave, rough, fmely puncate with hairs; clypeus slightly convex, punctate, about 2 x wider than long; malar space about as long as basal width of mandible; flagellomeres graduall}' decreasing in length apically and apical segment slender.

Mesosoma: Mesosoma 1.3 x long as wide; mesonotum with strongly punctations well separated never aciculate posteriorly, space between punctures smooth and shiny; disc of scutellum mostly impuncatate and shiny with few indefinite punciiirs; side of scutellum crenulate, metanotam crenulate; propleuron postero- dorsally hairy, rest of the part smooth and polished ; mesopleuron dorso- ventrally punctate with hairs and posteriorly smooth, polished ; propodeum about 2 x as wide as long nearly oval shape areola open virtually anteriorly, posterior costulae somewhat smooth, anteriorly punctate with hairs;

Wings: Fore wing 2.4 x as long as wide, stigma 2.5 x as long as wide; !-R| 1.2 \ length of stigma 1-SR; Cu-a: 2-SR : 1-Cui 3:3:3:3 ; m-cu : 2-Cui ; 1-M; r = 3:5:8 : hind wing 4.7 x as long as wide (67;14), margin of vannal lobe convex, hairy, 1-rm: M-CU: 1-M = 5:0:7.

Lefi;s: Mind coxae strongly punctate with hairs; length of femur, tibia of hind leg 3.2, 6.3 their maximum width; longer hind tibial spur about half as long as hind basitarsus.

Mctasoma: Metasoma about 2x as long as wide; lergite (Irst 1.25 x as long as wide (10:8). approximate!}' parallel sided, about basal half smooth and shiny, medio- apically punctate, margin of Ti longitudinally rugore; T2 smooth shiny with fine

43 striated, punctate with hairs, rest of tergitcs smooth, shiny except few hairs; h}'pop_\giuni truncate apieaily membranous with fine longitudinal sereis of striations, basally sclerotized smooth, shiny, sparsely punctate with hairs; ovipositor sheaths long 1.2 X longer than T| & shorter than hind tarsus, thick, pointed and hairy throughout its length.

Colour: Body black; palpi, tibial spurs light yellow ; stigma, hind trochanter trochantellus, femur, antenna brown; hind tibia hind tarsus (except telotarsus), apex of mid femur, tibia, tarsus, (except telotarsus), fore femur (ex;cept basally), tibia, tarsus (except telotarsus) yellow; ocelli brown transparent; wings hyaline ; veins colourless.

Male: Same as holotypc.

Host: Acrocercops lysibathra Meyrick

Holotypc?: INDIA: Uttar Pradesh, Etah, 5. VIII. 2006, ex. Acrocercops lysibathra on Cordia latifalia Roxb; (coll. Kavita Pandey). Paratypes, 7$$,with same data as holot) pe.

Etymology: The new species name refers to its host plant.

Remarks: Dolichogenidea cordiae sp. nov. is closely related to Dolichogenidea stantoni Ashmead and Dolichogenidea syngremma sp. nov. but dilfcrs in the following characters, (i) Vertex punctate with hairs (vertex finely rugose) (ii) Ovipositor sheaths. 0.5x hind tarsus (ovipositor sheaths shorter than or equal lo hind tarsus).

16. Dolichogenidea syngremma sp. nov. (Fig. 70-76)

Female: Body lengh: 1.85 mm; Length of fore wing : 2.25 mm; Length of antenna: 2.0 mm.

Head : Head 2.4 x as wide as long in dorsal view; length of eye 1.2 x as long as temple in dorsal view; eyes glabrous, 1.6 x as long as its width; vertex and temple, shmy. distinctly punctate with hairs; OOL : POL ; AOL ; O OD : 5.4 :2:2; frons medially concave, smooth, margin of eye distinctly punctate with hairs; face 1.5 x as wide as long, distinctly punctate with hairs; eyes slightly converging towards clypeus; clypeus almost 2 x as wide as long, indistinctly punctate with hairs; malar space slightly longer than basal width of mandible. Antenna slightly longer than body, length scape slightly longer then wide; pedicel as long as wide.

Mt'sosoma: Mcsosoma 1.3 x wider than head; mesoscutum distinctly punciuaiL' with hairs, punctures deep, separated each other; scutellar sulcus deep finely ci'enulate; scutellum smooth shiny, sparsely, distinctly punctate with hairs; propodeum almost 2x as wide as long (13:7) with a pente.gonal areola and costly, inside of areola and postero-lateral area smooth, shiny, anteriorly punctate with hairs: propleuron smooth, shiny; mesopleuron punctate with hairs; mesopleural sulcus smooth and shiny; metapleuron smooth and shiny.

Wings: Wings 2.5 x as long as wide; r: 2-SR; m-cu = 6:5:6 angle between r and 2-SR distinct.; vannal lobe of hind wing convex.

I.c

Metflsoma: Metasoma almost 2x as long as wide and 3x its height; T) 1.2 x as long as wide, approximately parallel: margins of Ti longituadinally rugose, posteromedially punctate and deep ; T2 subrectangular, longitudinally rugose; rest of the tergites smooth and shiny except few hairs; ovipositoi- sheath .75 x as long as Ti and basitarsus of hind leg; ovipositor sheaths thick, hairy throughout its length, hypopygium hardly visible.

Colour: Body black; palpi, tibial spurs light yellow; mandible reddish brown; hind femur apically, apex of mid leg yellowish brown; fore tibia, tarsus, mid tibia, hmd tibia (except apically) hind tarsus (except apically basitarsus) and telotarsus \ellowish. ocelli transparent; wings hyaline, stigma brown, veins colourless.

Male: Same as holotype

Host: Acrocerops Syngremma

45 Flolotype?: INDlAiUttar Pradesh. BulandsharJO. xi . 2006, ex. Acrocercops sviv^rt'iuimi on \4an\^ifcra inclica (coll Zubair Ahmad). Paratypes,4 $$, 5(5^c?. with same data a,s holoh'pe.

Et}-niology: The new species name refers to its host.

Remark.s: Dolichogenidea syngremma sp. nov.is closely related to A. fislulae Wilkinson hut differes in the following characters, (i). T2 with longitudinally rugose (IT smooth and shiny) (ii). Hind coxae punctate with hairs (hind coxae shiny and finely ruglose) (iii). Propodeum more sculptured anteriorly than posteriorly (propodeum more sculptured posteriorly than anteriorly) (iv). Frons, near eye margin punctate with hairs (frons smooth & shiny) (v). Hind femur 0.80 x as long as hind tibia (hind femur as long as hind tibia)

46 IX. Genus Pholetesor Mason PholetL'sor Mason, 1981:37. Type species: Apanteles ornigis Weed, by original, designation. Tcix'iiiys Mason, 1981: 42. Type species: 'f'eremy.s masneri Mason, by original designation. Synonymy by Whitfield, 2006.

Diagnosis: The general features of the genus 1) The short, but hairy and relatively dorsally attached ovipositor sheaths. 2) the strong sublateral setiferous lobes of the metanotum 3) the propodeal areola (when present) strongly pentagonal rather than oval or diamond shaped; 4) the hypopygium medially folded by evenly schlerolized or only weakly translucent medially ; 5) r-m of fore wing absent; 6) Vannal lobe of hind wing evenly convex ; 7) Ti narrowed at apex.

Remarks: The genus Pholetesor Mason represented by 25 species in the world .The present author include Pholetesor for the first time from India, and adds four new species. A key to the hidian species is also proposed.

Key to the Indian species oiPholetesor Females 1. T| longitudinally aciculate anteriorly surrounding a shallow basal excavation and; posteriorly aciculo-rugose; propodeum shallowly rugulose tegulae yellow; legs completely, yellow; T2 strongly triangular Pholetesor aciculutus. sp.nov. Ti smooth and shiny; propodeum smooth, shiny and i^parsly punctate with hairs; tegulae dark brown to black; legs infuscated. T2 subtriangular to rectangular 2 2. Ovipositor sheaths 0.60 x hind tibia; fore wing 2.5 x as long as wide 3 Ovipositor sheaths 0.45 x hind tibia;fore wing 3.0 x as long as wide P cummii sp.nov. 3. 0\ipositor sheaths 2.5 x hind basitarsus; hind basitarsus short about as long as long as hind tibial spur; T2 subrectagular P. clelbergiae sp. nov. - 0\ipositor sheaths 1.22 x hind basitarsus; hind bastarsus long, 2.25 x as long aser hind tibial spur; T2 variable P achyranthm sp.nov.

47 17. Pholetesor delbergiae sp. iiov. (Fig. 77-83)

Female: Body length:- 1.5 mm; length of antenna; 1.5 mm.

Head: Head almost 2x as wide as long in dorsal view; length of eye about 3.3 X temple (10:3), temple finely punctate with hairs; frons concave, smooth and shiny; vertex smooth the and shiny; OOL : POL: AOL : OOD == 4:4:2:2; face distinctly convex medially, indistinctly punctate, hairy about 1.3 x as wide as long (9:6); clypeus smooth, sparsely punctate with hairs and 2.5 x as wide as long; malar space 1.3 X basal width of mandible; antennae about as long as body length, length of flagellomeres gradually decresing apically, F2 2.5 x as long as wide, F14 1.6x as long as wide, apical tlagellomer pointed. Fi-F9 with double rank, of placodes,.

Mesosoma: Mesosoma 1.5 x as long as wide, mesoscutum about as wide as head, strongly punctate with hairs except po-steriorly, scutellum smooth, shiny, and finely punctate with hairs; propodetim smooth; shiny, posteriorly punctate with hairs anteriorly with a series of oblique fine ridges extending forwards on either side from nucha; proplcuron smooth, shiny; mesopleuron smooth, shiny and setose, except \'entro- laterally punctate, metapleuron smooth and shiny.

Wings: Wings infuscate, 2.3 x as long as wide ptsrostigma 2.3 x as long as wide length of 1-Ri about as long as pterostigma 1-SR+M slightly longer than IM, r and 2-SR meeting angularly, vannal lobe of hind wing convex and unequal hairs.

Leg: Hind coxa smooth shiny and sparsely punctate with hairs; length of femur, tibia, basitarsus of hind leg 3.0, 5.0, and 2.0 x their width respectively,

Metasoma: Length of metasoma 2 x as long as wide (26:13); Tergite I of inctasoma cvenl_\' narrowing posteriorly, 3.0 x as long as apically wide, 2 x wider antcriory than posteriorly, smooth, shiny, sparsely punctate with hairs; T2 subrectagular 1.3 x wider posteriorly than anteriorly, 4 x wider posteriorly than medially long, smooth ,shiny sparsely punctate with hairs, rest of the tergites smooth, shiny and finely hairy, ovipositor sheaths much longer, 2.5 x hind basitarsus, h>pop\gium weakl)' sclerotized smooth, shiny hairy, medially folded and pointed

48 apicall). ovipositor about half as long as length of metasoma and distinctly curved down wards.

Colour: Body blackish brown, antennae, mandible, labrum, ocelli, fore coxa and mid coxa yellowish brown; labial palpi,labium,maxillary palpi,fore legs, hind legs, latcrolergites. ovipositor yellow; eyes, tibial spur creamish; hypopygeum brown; hind coxa, tegulae, ovipositor sheaths dark brown, wings infuscate.

Male: Same as holotype except antennae longer than body length.

Host: Lcucoptera sphenograpto (Meyrick

Ilolotypc'i.^: Paratypes ; INDIA, Uttar Pradesh, Aligarh, 26.iv .05; ex. Lcucoptera sphenograpta on Dclbergia sisso (coll.Kavita Pandy). Paratypes.5 $$, 10od,with same data as holotype.

Etymology: The new speices name refers to its host plant.

Remarks: /'. dclhcrgiae sp. nov.is closely related to P. circumscriptus (Nees) but differs in the following characters, (i) T2 subrectangular 1.3x broader posteriorly than anteriorly. 4.Ox broader posteriorly than medially (T2 Strongly triangular 2.6 broader posteriorly than anteriorly, 1.6x broader posteriorly than medially) (ii) ()\iposilor sheaths much longer, 2.5x hind basitarsus (10:4) (ovipositor sheaths slight])' longer than hind basitarsus just over half as long as hind tibia) (iii). Ti Smootli, polished except fine punctate with hairs (Ti Smooth polished except fine longitudinal posterior aciculation) (iv). Propodeum smooth shiny posteriorly and anteriorly distinct punctate with hairs (Propodeum smoth, polished) (v). F2 2.5x longer than wide (5:2) (F2 3.6x longer than wide) (vi) Stigma 2.3x as long as wide (stigma 2xas long as wide)

49 18. Pholetesor achyranthus sp. nov. (Fig. 84-90)

Female: Body length: 1.5 mm; Length of fore wing: 1.6 mm; Length of antenna: 1.5 mm.

Head: Head almost 2 x as wide as long eyes 1.6 \ as long as temple in dorsal view; temple and vertex smooth, shiny, punctate with hairij; eyes setose, L4 x as long as wide, OOL : POL: AOL:0OD = 4 :3:2:2; frons concave, smooth and shiny, face medially convex, punctate with hairs ; clypeus 3 x as wide as long, flattened indistinctely punctate; malar space about as long as basal width of mandible. Aantennae about as long as body scape L5 x as long as wide, pedicel slightly wider than long, flagellomeres gradually decreasing apically, apical flagellomere longer than F|sand pointed.

Mcsosoma: Mesosoma about as long as wic.e and L5 x its height; mesoscutum distinctly punctate with hairs, becoming less punctations posteriorly, scutellar sulcus narrow with fine crenutations,. scutellum smooth and shiny, side of scutellum smooth and shiny; propodeum almost 2x as wide as long, antero laterally punctate with hairs, posteriorly almost smooth and shiny ..finely rugulose; propleuron smooth and shiny; mesopleuran antero-dorsally smooth and shiny, postero-laterally punctate with hairs.

Legs: Hind coxa punctate with hairs, length of lemur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 3.0, 5.0 and 4.2x their width respecfively, longer fibial spur less half fimes of basitarsus.

Wings: Fore wing 2.6 x as long as wide, sfigma almost 3.0 x as wide as long, 1-Ri 1.2Ix as long as stigma, r and 2-SR slightly curved, meeting less angularly, r arising middle of the stigma.

Metasoma: Metasoma 2.4x as long as wide; Tl about 3.0 x as long as its apical width, 1.8x basal width, distinctly narrowed apically, smooth, shiny except few punctures, T^ variable, subtriangular, smooth shiny, shorter than T3, T3 rectangular with fine punctate with hairs, succeeding tergites smooth, shiny, few punctate with hairs; h}'popygium weakly sclerotized, transparent, smooth, shiny,hairless, medially

50 folded, blunt at apex; ovipositor sheaths hairy throughout its length, arising about half of \'al\ ifer. ovipositor pointed at apex, ovipositor curved down wards.

Colour: Body black; ocelli testacious; hind femur, tibia and basitarsus infuscatcd; antennae,tegulae latero-tergites dark brown; ovipositor reddish brown; tibial spurs, palpi creamish; fore leg except coxae, mid lag except coxae, hind tarsus except basitarsus & telotarsus yellow.

Male: Unknown.

Host: Unidentified lepidopteran leaf miner.

Holoh'pe: $: INDIA: Uttar Pradesh, Etah, 20. viii. 2004; unidentified lepidopteran leaf miner on Achyranthus aspra (colI.Kavita Pandey). Paratype, 1 $, with same data as holotype.

Etymologj': The new species name refers to its ho it plant.

Remarks: Pholetesor achyranthus sp. nov. closely related to P. chiricahuemis Whitfield, however, it differs in the following characters, (i). Propodeum mostly very weakly punctate with hairs becoming shinier and smoother in postero-lateral corners, with 4 crenulations medio- posteriorly. (Propodeum mostly very weakly rugulose, becoming shinier and smoother in postero-laleral corners, with short irregular ridges radiating from nucha) (ii). Surface of Ti smooth and shiny except with fine punctures (Surface of Tj densely aciculorugose; longitudinal trend to sculpturing more obvious posteriorly) (iii). Surface of T2 smooth & shiny except few punctate with hairs (Surface of To finely & longitudinally aciculate, the aciculations parallel the lateral margin) (iv). T3 separated from T2 by without crenulated furrow (T3 separated from T2 by crenulated furrow) (v). Hypopygium about as long as hind basitarsus (hypopygium 1.3 longer then hind basitarsus) (vi). Palpi creamish (palpi moderate yellow brown)

51 19. Pfwietesor adciilatus sp. nov. (Fig. 92-97)

P""cmale: Body length: 1.8 mm; Length of forewhig: 2,0 mm ;Length of anlcnna; 2.0 mm.

Head: Head almost 2 x as wide as long in dorsal •view; length of eye 2.0 x as temple in dorsal view ; eyes setose, 1.3 x as long as wide; OOL : POL : AOL: OOD = 4:3:2:2; temple smooth, shiny, punctate with hairs; vertex convex, smooth, shiny, indistinctl}' punctate with hairs; frons concave, smooth and shiny; face L3 x as wide as long, medially convex, punctate with hairs; eyes slightly converging towards ch'peus; clypeus convex, punctate with hairs; malar space about as long as basal width of mandible; antennae longer than body length, apical four llagellomeres without double rank of placodes. F1-F7 equal in length, Fs-Fis gradually decreasing in length apically, apical llagellomere sligluly longer tham F15,

Mcsosoma: Mesosoma L3 x as long as wide ; Just above the tegulae mesoscutum as wide as head; scutum shallowly punctate with hairs, becoming nearly impunctate at extreme posterior edge; scutellar sulcus almost straight and crenulated; scutellum slightly longer than anteriorly broad, smooth with fine, shallow punctures; propodeum about 2x as wide as long, shallowly rugulose except weakly stulptured in antero-lateral corners; propleuron smooth and shiny; mesopleuron mostly smooth except few hairs anteriorly ; metapleuron smooth and shiny (Except edges,

Wings: Fore wing 2,5 x as long as wide 1-R|, about as long as stigma, r slighlK- longer than 2-SR, r and 2-SR meeting angularly, Hind wing with Cu-a recli\ous. \annal lobe eveny convex and hairy stigma almost 3 x as long as wide. Legs: Hind coxa smooth & shiny; length of femu::, tibia, and basitarsus of hind leg 4.0. 6.0 and 6x their width respectively, longer tibial spur 0.41 x as long as basitarsus (12:5)

Metasosonin: Meiasoma aboui 3 x as long as wide., Tl 2.5 x as long as its apical width, 1.66 x basal width, paralleL to narrowing posteriorly, surface longitudinally aciculate anteriorly surrounding shallow basal excavation, posteriorly aciculorugose with less conspicuous longitudinal elements, T2 triaugular,1.5x as wide

52 as long and l,6x as wide posteriorly as anteriorly, somewhat smooth and shiny except few hairs; T3 unsculptured longer than T?.; hypopygium nearly 1.5 x as long as hind basilarsi. weakly sclerolized basally, membranous apically, smooth, shiny, sparsely hairy, ovipositor sheaths thick,long, approximately same length as hypopygium; ovipositor evenly, weakly decurved.

Colour: Head and mesosoma black, ocelli testacious; scape, pedicel, F5-F16, mandible brown; maxillary palpi, labial palpi , tibial spurs, creamish, Legs, tegulae, laterotcrgites yellow ; T1T3, ovipositor, hypopygium- yellowish brown.

Wings h>alinc; stigma, I-R], C+SC+R, slightly pigmented and rest veins colourless.

Male: Same as holotype

Host: LilhocoUclis virgulala

Holotype?: INDIA, Uttar Pradesh, Aligarh, 24 XI 2004, ex. Lithocolktis viri^ulaia on pongamia glabra. (coll.Kavita Pandey). Paratypes, 10$$, 10c?(5^, with same data as holotype.

Etj'mology: The new species name refers to its longi tudinal aciculation of Ti of metasoma.

Remarks: /-•. aciciilaliis sp. nov.is closely related to /'. powelli V/hitfield but difers in the following characters, (i). li almost smooth withoug longitudinally aciculation (To irregularly and longitudinally aciculate with small raised longitudinal medial ridge over anterior 0.5) (ii). 1-Ri about as long as stigma (1-Ri 1.2 x as long as stigma) (iii). Tegulae yellow (tegulae dark brown) (iv). All coxae yellow (all coxae dark brown to balck) (v). Apical 4 flagellomeres without double rank of placodes (all but apical 5 ilagellomers with double rank of placodes).

3j 20. Pholetesor cuminii sj). nov. (Fig. 99-104)

Female : Body length: 1.7 mm; length of antenna; 2.0 mm; Length of fore wing: 1.7 mm.

Head : Head almost 2x as wide as long in dorsal view; eyes 2.2x as long as temple in dorsal view; eyes 1.3x as long as wide setose, temple and vertex ptinctate with hairs: OOL: POL:.''\OL: 0 OD = 4:3:2.5:; frons concave smooth shiny, punctate with hairs; face mediall}' convex, punctate with white pilosity, 1.3x as wide as long; clypeiis smooth punctate with hairs; malar space 1.5x as long as basal width of mandible. Antennae longer than body scape 1.2x as long as wide ,pedicel 0.66xas long as wide. FT 2.3x as long as wide, i"14 1.5 x as long as wide , F5-F11 with double rank of placodes apical segment pointed.

Mcsosonia: Mesosoma 1.5x as long as wide; mesoscutum as wide as head, mesoscuium strongly punctate with hairs scutellar sulcus narrow and crenulatc; scutellum smooth and polished, side of scutelkim smooth and shiny; propodeum almost 2x as wide as long, anteriorly punctate with long hairs, postcro corners somewhat punctate with hairs; propleuron smooth and shiny mesopleuron concave smooth and shiny, antero dorso-lateral punctate with hairs; metapleuron smooth and shin\- with few hairs.

Wings: Wings hyaline, about 3.0 x as long as wide stigma about 3.0 x as wide as long, 1-Rl, about as long as length of stigma, r and 2-SR meeting angularly; \'annal lobe of hind wing convex.

Leg: blind coxa hairy, length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 2.6, 5.0 and 2.(1 \ their width respectively,outer tibial spur 0.5 x as long as hind basitarsus.

Metasoma: Metasonia 1.76x as long as wide; Tl smooth, shiny, 3.6 x as long as apical width and 1.8 x basal width distinctly narrowed apically; T2 subtriangular, smooth, shiny with fine punctate with hairs, rest of tergites smooth, shiny with few ptmciaie with hairs; hypopygium sclerotized, smooth, shiny, hairy, medially folded, blunt at apex; ovipositor sheaths thick, hairy blunt at apex; ovipositor curved downv,ard.

54 Colour: Body blackish brown ; ocelli testacious; palpi, labrum, fore leg, mid leg. hind leg yellow; tegulae blackish brown; scape, pedicel, laterotergites of Ti and T'2, Ovipositor yellowish brown; antennae brown; ovipositor sheaths, fore, mid and hind coxae black; mid and hind femur infuscate; stigma, vein C+SC+R, 1-Rl, 2- SR, Cu-a, 1-Cui, 2-Cui and 2-M brown; rest veins calourless, wings hyaline.

Male: Same as holotype except antennae longer than body length, Fi - F3 double rank of placodes.

Host: Acrocercopsphaeospora Meyrick

Holotype $ : INDlA:Uttar Pradesh, Etah, 17.Vni 2006, A-.Phaeospora on Syzigium cuminii ( coll.Kavita Pandey).Paratypes, 3 $$, ISS, with same data as holotype.

Et>'inology: The new speices name refers to its host plant.

Remarks: P.cuminii sp. nov.is closely related to P. salicifoliellae (Mason) but differs in the following characters, (i). Ti smooth shiny with fine sparsely punctate with hairs (Ti mostly rugose) (ii). T2 smooth shiny except few hairs (T2 sculptured strongly longitudinally aciculate) (iii). Propleuron smooth and shiny (propleuron distinctly punctate with hairs) (iv). Propodeum posters- laterally rugulose remain punctate with hairs (Propodeum antero laterally weakly rugulose, nucha giving rise to antciiorly deverging ridges which break down into more or less transverse sculpturing antcro-medially) (v). Fs- Fn with double rank of placodes (F5-F6 with double rank of placodes) (vi). F2 2.3 x as long as wide (F2 3.2-.3.6 x as long as wide) (vii). Tegulae dark brown (Tegulae pale yellowish to medium brown translucent).

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76 Figures 1-7: Bracon phacospophagus sp. nov. 1. Host plant (Syzygium cuminii) 2. Whole body 3. Head (dorsal view) 4. Metasoma 5. Propodeum & Ti 6. Mesoscutum and Scutellum 7. Antenna. Scale Line for fig. 7 = 0.5mm

Figures 8-14: Bracon cosmopteryx sp. nov. 8. Host plant (Paseolus radiatus) 9. Metasoma 10. Propodeum 11. Head (Dorsal view) 12. Mesoscutum and Scutellum 13. Antenna 14. Fore wing. Scale Lines for fig. 9-12 = 0.5mm and fig. 13-14 = 0.4mm

10

11

::>.

V-v "^ 14 Figures. 15-21: Bracon whitfieldi sp. nov. 15. Host plant (Pongamia glabra) 16. T] and T2 17. Mesopleuron & Metapleuron 18. Metasoma and Ovipositor 19. Antenna 20. Propodeum 21. Head (Dorsal view) Scale Lines for fig. 19-21 = 0.5mm

20 21 Figures. 22-21 \ Chelonus caeruleus sp. nov. 22. Host Plant (Dolichos lablab) 23. Metasoma 24. Whole body 25. Head (dorsal view) 26. Mesosoma 27. Metanotum and Propodeum

Figures. 28-35: Microchelonus: spinigaster sp. nov. 28. Host plant (Cordia latifolia) 29. Fore wing 30. Antenna Male 31. Antenna Female 32. Hind leg 33. Metasoma (Dorsal view Female) 34. Metasoma (Lateral view Male) 35. Metasoma (lateral view Female) Scale Lines for fig. 29-31= 0.5mm

Figures. 37-41 : Microchelonus cordiae sp.nov. 37. Fore wing 38. Antenna 39. Hind leg 40. Metasoma (Lateral view) 41. Metasoma (Dorsal view) Scale Lines for fig. 37-41= 0.5mm.

Figures. 43-49: Microchelonus pongamiae sp.nov. 43. Host plant (Terminellia bellerica) 44. Metasoma 45. Head and Mesosoma 46. Head (Dorsal view) 47. Propodeum 48. Fore wing 49. Antenna Scale Lines for fig. 48-49 = 0.4mm.

^^ 1 tk 45 Figures. 51-56: Centistideapunctatiscutellum sp.nov. 51. Head (Ventral view) 52. Mesosoma 53. Propodeum 54. Metasoma 55.Tiand T2 56. Fore wing 57. Hind wing Scale Lines for fig. 56-57 = 0.4mm. 56 Figures. 59-62: Centistidea achterbergi sp.nov. 59. Ovipositor sheaths 60. Propodeum and metasoma. 61 . Mesosoma and metasoma. 62. Mesosoma

Figures. 64-69: Dolichogenidea cordiae sp.nov. 64. Head, (lateral view) 65. Propodeum 66. Ti 67. Mesosoma and metasoma 68. Mesoscutum and Scutellum 69. Metasoma

Figures. 70-76: Dolichogenidea syngremma sp.nov. 70. Host plant (Mangifera Indica) 71. Mesosoma 72. T] 73. Metasoma 74. Hind leg 75. Fore wing 76. Antenna

Figures. 17-S3: Pholetesor delhergiae sp.nov. 77. Host plant (Delbergiea sisso) 78. Ti 79. Head, (Dorsal view) 80. Ovipositor with ovipositor sheath 81.Mesosema 82. Propodeum and Metanotum 83. Hind leg

Figures. 84-90: Pholetesor achyranthus sp. nov. 84. Host plant (Achyranthus aspra) 85. Head, (Anterior view) 86. Head, (Dorsal view) 87. Head 88. Propodeum 89. Mesosoma 90. Metasoma

Figures. 92-97: Pholetesor aciculates sp.nov. 92. Head (Anterior view) 93. Ovipositor with ovipositor sheaths 94. Mesosoma, (lateral view) 95. Head, (lateral view) 96. T] and T2 97. Mesosoma P^ ^^^ HF :.r.i^W Figures. 99-104: Pholetesor cuminii sp.nov. 99. Antenna 100. Fore wing 101. Metasoma 102. Head (lateral view) 103. Mesosoma 104. Propodeum