Appraising the Urban and Territorial Realities in Africa: the Gauteng City-Region Observatory
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Appraising the Urban and Territorial Realities in Africa: The Gauteng City-Region Observatory Presentation for EIPM Master Classes Pretoria – 9-11 December 2018 Dr. Rob Moore Gauteng City-Region Observatory (GCRO) Author’s Name Presentation Overview: GCRO Case study Policy-relevant insight at city-region level: • What model could be used to develop suitably granular data at the level of a city-region? • How could this be resourced? • How to approach issues of independence and credibility? • What kinds of insight become available? • What are the challenges at this level of the research-policy nexus? • How has this model evolved over time? The Gauteng City-Region (GCR) Context • A an actually existing urban reality, with dynamics (spatial, economic, social, environmental, etc. that need to be understood) • A ‘political project’ to govern the GCR better through improved intergovernmental co- ordination • How do we generate reliable insight into the city-region’s cconditions, to inform public sector decision- making? The Gauteng City-Region Observatory (GCRO) Context The GCRO is an effort to generate scholarly work to inform public sector decision-making and policy. • GCRO is an institutional collaboration between: • University of Johannesburg (UJ), • University of the Witwatersrand (Wits), • Gauteng Provincial Government, and • Organised local government in Gauteng GCRO helps to build the knowledge base that government, business, labour, civil society and • A purpose-designed vehicle for residents all need to shape appropriate strategies policy-oriented research. that will advance a competitive, integrated, sustainable and inclusive Gauteng City-Region. Constituting a ‘boundary organisation’: A form of ‘embedded autonomy’ • Core funding from provincial government • In-kind support from the universities • Located on university campus • Guaranteed academic freedom • Primary client is provincial government (but increasingly the metros too) • Most outputs to be fully publicly available GCRO as a research partnership Gauteng City-Region Observatory (GCRO) Specific roles: • Medium to longer-term applied research (on request or self- initiated) • On-request policy support work • Government – academia portal • Academic publication • Policy-relevant outputs • Partnership and network building Open access via GCRO website The Gauteng City-Region Observatory – key outputs Interactive websites The Gauteng City-Region Observatory – key outputs Maps of the month The Gauteng City-Region Observatory – key outputs Research outputs The Gauteng City-Region Observatory – key outputs Other publications The Gauteng City-Region Observatory – key outputs Interactive visualisations The Gauteng City-Region Observatory – key outputs Vignettes The Gauteng City-Region Observatory – key outputs Photo essays and videos The Gauteng City-Region Observatory – key outputs Academic publication The Gauteng City-Region Observatory – key outputs The reach of GCRO research Global website visits Quality of Life Survey: Data for informed decision-making Quality of Life Survey Overview • Household-based survey with randomly selected adults (18+) as respondents in the Gauteng City-Region • Conducted every 2 years, with the first in 2009 • Designed to be representative of the Gauteng population, with wards as primary sampling unit • Provides frequent understanding of quality of life, socio-economic circumstances, satisfaction with service delivery, psycho-social attitudes, value-base and other characteristics of residents in Gauteng • Over 200 questions with about 60% remaining the same over time • Demographic variables (education, age, income) • Migration • Dwelling and service access • Satisfaction with services • Satisfaction with government • Economic conditions • Poverty, wealth, debt, food insecurity, etc. • Headspace, social attitudes • Transport Some highlights from across the survey Biggest community problem by % (Gauteng) Protests, unrest and strikes 0,1% Drought or flood or natural disaster) 0,2% Disease 0,3% Violence against women/children 0,5% 45% Pollution 1,0% 40% 40% Poverty 1,2% 35% 32% Gangs 1,2% 30% 25% 22% Foreigners 1,8% 18% 20% 15% Corruption 1,8% 15% 11% 10% Rest of Gauteng Lack of maintenance 2,3% 10% 7% 7% 5% 4% 4% 5% 4% 3% 2% Wards >50% coloured High cost of living 4,0% 1% 1%1% 1% 1%1% 1% 0% Other 4,0% No problem 6,7% Lack of basic services 9,5% Alcohol and drug abuse 16,0% Unemployment 18,0% Crime 31,9% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% Access to services Refuse removed by municipality at least once a week 100 90 88 86 86 83 80 81 80 80 76 75 70 60 57 50 40 2017/18 30 20 10 0 Satisfaction with services Local educational services (2015/16) Ekurhuleni 19 51 12 12 7 Johannesburg 22 53 14 8 4 Tshwane 20 50 12 9 8 Emfuleni 14 60 13 10 4 Very satisfied Lesedi 14 56 21 8 Satisfied Midvaal 22 33 14 19 12 Neutral Dissatisfied Merafong 10 51 22 11 6 Very dissatisfied Mogale City 9 55 23 9 4 Rand West 11 47 27 12 4 GAUTENG 19 52 14 10 6 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Satisfaction with services Local educational services (2017/18) (Note: 2017/18 introduced ‘there are none’ option, so different basis than 2015/16) Ekurhuleni 11 57 9 7 16 New! Johannesburg 9 60 14 6 11 Tshwane 11 46 16 6 21 Emfuleni 8 63 8 6 15 Very satisfied Lesedi 11 59 11 5 14 Satisfied Neutral Midvaal 6 50 6 9 29 Dissatisfied Merafong 5 57 16 6 17 Very dissatisfied Mogale City 9 60 12 6 13 Rand West 4 60 10 7 19 GAUTENG 9 56 13 6 16 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Satisfaction with services Government initiatives to grow economy (2015/16 for reference) Ekurhuleni 6 18 17 30 28 Johannesburg 6 16 20 30 28 Tshwane 4 16 16 31 32 Emfuleni 3 18 16 26 38 Very satisfied Lesedi 10 29 20 23 18 Satisfied Midvaal 7 17 22 27 27 Neutral Dissatisfied Merafong 3 18 12 34 33 Very dissatisfied Mogale City 18 10 35 35 Rand West 14 15 36 35 GAUTENG 5 17 18 30 30 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Satisfaction with services Government initiatives to grow economy (2017/18) New! Ekurhuleni 2 19 11 39 29 Johannesburg 2 18 17 37 27 Tshwane 2 13 16 40 30 Emfuleni 1 13 14 45 28 Very satisfied Lesedi 2 22 16 31 29 Satisfied Midvaal 4 31 14 31 20 Neutral Dissatisfied Merafong 1 17 16 41 25 Very dissatisfied Mogale City 16 16 35 31 Rand West 19 16 38 26 GAUTENG 2 17 15 38 28 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Satisfaction with services Index of 8 services - % satisfied: 2011-2017/18 (dwelling, water, sanitation, energy, waste, roads, safety, health) 80 76 71 71 7171 71 71 72 7070 70 68 70 70 69 70 68 67 68 67 67 6667 67 67 68 65 66 66 66 63 6362 63 62 61 59 61 60 58 58 49 50 40 2011 2013/14 30 2015/16 20 2017/18 10 0 Note: crude averages done to update previous Randfontein / Westonaria figures to align with Rand West. Understanding government dissatisfaction Halo factors: Perception of frontline services & satisfaction with local government (Ekurhuleni) I was treated with respect and dignity - NO 4 21 11 38 26 I was treated with respect and dignity - YES 5 42 14 25 14 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Very satisfied Satisfied Neither Dissatisfied Very dissatisfied Understanding government dissatisfaction Halo factors: Perception of frontline services & satisfaction with local government (Johannesburg) They were able to help my needs - NO 2 19 17 40 22 They were able to help my needs - YES 4 35 20 31 10 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Very satisfied Satisfied Neither Dissatisfied Very dissatisfied Contextualising urban dynamics Trip starting time by race - Gauteng Gauteng is the best province I would emigrate tomorrow if I could I am not needed by the South African economy Community trust Blacks and whites will never really trust each other South Africa belongs most to black people A place for white people in South Africa Indians right to affirmative action benefits Contributions by the coloured population Legitimacy of foreigners in Gauteng Violence against foreigners in Gauteng Influx control should be reinstated Equal rights for gay and lesbian people Violence against gay an lesbian people 100 80 60 40 20 0 20 40 60 80 100 % Negative/exclusionary attitudes in Gauteng Negative/exclusionary attitudes in Johannesburg Positive/inclusive attitudes in Gauteng Positive/inclusive attitudes in Johannesburg A snapshot … Agree that blacks and whites will never trust each other: 2009, 2011, 2013, 2015 80 73 69 70 68 61 62 60 56 54 55 54 55 50 53 44 G 41 auteng 40 W 40 38 hite Indian/Asian C 63 63 66 oloured 30 58 African 20 10 0 2009 2011 2013 2015 Quality of Life index Quality of Life index The QoL index – 58 variables Quality of Life index Dimension means (Gauteng) Global life satisfaction ,48 Family ,73 Community ,67 Health ,73 Dwelling ,75 Infrastructure ,77 Connectivity ,63 Work ,46 Security ,56 Socio-political attitudes ,52 ,00 ,10 ,20 ,30 ,40 ,50 ,60 ,70 ,80 ,90 1,00 Quality of Life index Gauteng means (out of 10): 2009, 2011, 2013/14, 2015/16, 2017/18 8 7 6,23 6,11 6,10 6,20 6,13 6,30 6,20 6,02 5,90 6,01 6 5 Dimension weighted 4 Indicator 3 weighted 2 1 0 2009 2011 2013/14 2015/16 2017/18 Quality of Life index Means by race (out of 10): 2009, 2011, 2013/14, 2015/16, 2017/18 2017/18 Gauteng mean = 6.30 African 6,08 Coloured 2009 6,49 2011 2013/14 Indian/Asian 2015/16 6,96 2017/18 White 7,30 4,00 5,00 6,00 7,00 8,00 Quality of Life index Means by municipality (out of 10) Gauteng mean = 6.30 Emfuleni 5,91 Rand West 6,10 Merafong 6,11 Tshwane 6,25 Mogale City 6,26 Johannesburg 6,34 Ekurhuleni 6,34 Lesedi 6,42 Midvaal 6,73 4 5 6 7 8 “If universities are at the