n n a M ah ara a Sa g ,
Th e Hindupa t
: ‘ Tm LAST GREAT LEADER or THE RAJPUT RACE .
B I L A S S A R D A H A R ,
m: Bon n As u mo 800s ? or G R EAT BR n u N AND I RELAND FRLLow Hu man. or 7 ;
or m a Bo n n ST ATISTI C AL 800q or Le nno n ; a w o r mmS um mon
or Bos't ox Umr' m S ums ME R I CA m AND AUTHO R or 80mm , , A , ;
u m ronx AND D o mm' vn : Hm cu . t s x ; Ma n am a KUN BH A,
AND 01 m wo am
AJMER
MI SSI O N I T OM PANY Ln u mD NDUS RIES C , .
1918.
ll v (A Rights Reser ed) . Fron tispie ce .
Kindl su lied b R30 ahadur Pundit, SRkhdeva raw da y pp y B P ,
C . I . E K . H. , Prime Ministe r, Me m r.
CO NTEN S T .
BIBLIOGRAPHY ADDITIONS AND FOREW ORD
MA HARANA SANGA
MAHARANA RA! MAL
SKNG K AND HI S BROTHERS
KANW AR PR I TH V I R AJ
’ EARLY YEARS O F SKNOA S REIG N
W AR W ITH SULTA N I BRAH IM LODI
CAI-TURE OF MALW A AND SULTAN MAHM UD KH ILJ I
I N V ASION AN D CONQUEST OF G UJARAT
G UJAR ZT PRINCES TAK E SH ELTER W ITH THE MAHARANA
BAB UR
SZN O Z AND BAR UR W AR W IT H BKRUR : BATTLE or KH Z NUA
LAST DAYS O F SANO K”
I NDE! BI BLI OGRAPH Y.
’ C l James To s Annals and Anti u ities o Ra a t than olone d q f j , a H V ol umes I nd .
’ Babu r Erskine s Memoirs o . W . f Bhavanagar I nscriptio ns by Pe te r Pe te rson (English a nd k San s rit) .
E i h a I ndica ansk rit and En lish p grap i (S g ) . ’ s n V lum s I rs kine Histor o I dia o e I and I . W . E y f , ’ Maj or Luard s Bibliograp hy of Lite ra tu re dealing w ith the I nd n c Ce n tral ia A e (fie . g y,
’ Sir C a le s Histor o Gu a rat Loc al M uhamma an E . . B y y y f j ( d
D nastie s G u a rat . y , j ) ’
hin one s His tor o I ndia . M . El p s t y f
’ A o r e s Ras Mal a. . K . F b
’ J ri s Ta rilchi F er ishta . . B gg
’ C a e l uff s hronol o o I ndia M D C . . b gy f
’ r ll s I ndia Muhamm Si H io t His to r o a an e rio . . E y f ( d P d)
’ n ool B abur Stanl e y La e P e s .
Ta b a ti Akbari b Ni amu in Ahma e rsian q y z dd d (P ) .
r a a h r l a ur i Ma har n Yas P a c sk by T . Bh S ngh of Mal s isar
(Hindi) .
Cha tu rku la Charil ra b T . Chatu r in h of Ru ahe li y S g p , w Hi i Me ar ( nd ) .
ti ikandari Pe rsian Mira S ( ) .
M u n takbabu l Taw arikh b B adauni e r ia n y (P s ) .
a i Mal Raga a ansk rit Manuscri R ( S pt) .
’ arw a De vidan s Gen eal o ical R ecord Hin i Manuscri t B g ( d p ) . ’ Me hta N anisi s Chronicl e s Marw a i Manuscri ( d pt) .
’ hank r a s t r R . . . G au ri e His o o Siroki H B P S t y f ( indi) . ’ in K aviraj Shyamaldas Vir V od (a mo st val uable History of
Me w ar in Hindi) .
T - i- al - i- A ha na e rsia arikh S atin fg (P n) .
Tar - — ilch i Daudi (P e rsian) .
Hum or Kh dt Hin i Manusc ri t y ( d p ) . ADDI TI ONS AND CORRECTIONS .
r V ince nt Page is ge ne rally w ritte n Babar. M . ” mith in his admira l e w or ar th e re at Mo ul . 9 S b k , Akb , G g , p , e s h e corr ct s lli giv t e pe ng as Babu r .
— a e s 1 F or G u rat r ea d u arat . P g 4 and 3 . j G j
- i d r read i andar. a e s 5 0 5 6 60 62 65 66 6 . F or an e P g , , , , , , 7 S k S k
a e 2 o o - r fidio l di l 6 otn te F or e u s re ad e rfi ous . P g , f p y p y
- a e 67 l in e 9 . F or Bh o at r ead Boh at . P g , j j
a es 0 1 — 7 an 14 . r r a oo . 7 93 d 4 For G a one ead G r n. P g , g g
— a e 8 li Hu se in r e ad Husain. 7 ne 5 . For P g , J — a Me w ar read Marw ar . e 96 line 3. For P g ,
a e 99 li —~ ne 12 . F or n d ir r P g , S ul ta Mahmu M za ead 811a
Muhammad i a M rz .
J - a e s 1 1 a l re ad am ol . 03 09 nd 110. For am a P g , T b T b
a e 109 li — ah an ir . ne l 5 . For e h an ir read P g , J g J g
’ — f a s 12 1 r il iddi r ad Sil hidi. e 9 137and 145 . o S h e P g , FOREWO RD.
MAB ARANA S NG the Hin du a t Chie o f the Hin us A A , p ( f d ) , flo urish e d a t one of the most critical pe riods in I ndian
w he w l To ar s nd h c n ur A D . t ofthe t e t e t . histor . e y d f y , th e Afgh ans usurpe d su p re me pow e r in U ppe r I ndia a Hin u su r mac came to an e nd ith th e nd d p e y . W rise how e e r of M e w a r and th e ra i e x ansion of th e , v , p d p
Rathors in e ste rn Ra utana th e R a uts ath e red W jp , jp g stre n h and the A h an o w e r raduall e clined gt fg p g y d , and the political horizo n of I ndia sh ow ed unmistake a bl e signs th at th e time w as not dis tant w h e n the R ajp uts w ould re c ove r th e ir los t sup re macy in the
r A his r a on the sce n count . t t unc tu e an a e a re e y j , S g pp d to l e a the m to th e ir atrimon H e w as a t once d p y . re co nise as h l a e r f i s H is atriot g d t e e d o the H nd u . p ism and a hi h se nse of u t his e ne rosit and g d y , g y hi h - min e dne ss his h e roism and his osition as th e g d , p head of the most po w e rf ul kingdom in Hindu stan mark e d him ou t as th e pe rson be st fitte d to h old the e xalte d position to w hich he w as call e d by unive rsal
conse nt.
Sanga w as th e l ast of th e I ndian sove re igns unde r w hom all the R ajpu t tribe s combine d to re pe l the fore ign inva e r h ou d . T gh l e ade rs arose in late r time s and he roes
e r orme ee ds of u nsur asse alour w a e re at p f d d p d v , g d g
w ars and e fie th e mi ht Of th e mi htie s t e m ire of , d d g g p
those time s e t ne e r a ain did a R a ut arise w ho , y v g jp commande d the w illing homage of the e ntire Rajput
race and led th chival r ofRa utana com sed ofall e y jp , po F OREWORD .
the arious Ra ut tri e s to c o nte st the c row n of v jp b ,
I n ia w ith th e in a e rs rom Ce ntral A sia w hose d v d f , kin re h ad o e rrun th e w h ol e of ou th e rn uro e d d v S E p . The time s in w hich Sanga live d w e re no piping time s
f e ace ul e lo m n Th w of pe ace or o p f d v e p e t . e y e re t rou lous times of stri e and h os tilit of e r e tual b f y, p p w ar are of he roic e e s and valourous e ats and f , d d f ,
a o e all of stre nu ou s e n e a ours for the mainte nance b v , d v
N l i e als ins ire me n to a i i of national li e . o e c t t f b d p d v y ,
n Hi h ch arac te r w as h e l in duty and achie ve me t . g d gre ate r e ste e m th an cle v e rne ss o r high position ; honour w as ri a o e mone or a ance me nt p ze d b v y dv .
e a k ne ss co w ar ice s e r il it w e re de s ise and W , d , v y p d s rn manline ss al o ur w e re m u e . Coura e e an e p d g , , v d d d b th ime s and w e re e nc oura e and a re y e t g d pp ciate d.
tur manhoo w as th e or e r of the da S dy d d y. Me n
hvi a l ike Prit r A a 1 Chonda anh in h and i s. j, jj 3, , K S g B d
Jaitmalot flourish e and b eau tifie d li e A s u d f . t dy of th ose time s and of the me n that flou rishe d in those days w ill und oubtedly e nrich life in th e pre se nt and he l us to un e rst an a nd a re ciate th e ome stic p d d pp d , social and political institutions and usage s of the co untr in h t y t e pas . This volume is the se cond of th e se rie s of the mono g raphs on the gre at me n of R ajputana w ho h ave made the ir mark on the Histor of I n a y di .
S H . R . B A DA . CH A PTER I .
H Z K MA ARANA S NG . a
H M H MA ARANA SANGRA SING , popularly
e n San one th e call d Ra a a , was of
e e th e M ah aranas e gr at st of of M war . It w as duri ng his re ign that M e war re ache d th e ze nith of its powe r and pros “ A r t n th k l pe i y. Sa ga was e a l a s (pinnacle ) of ’ e l H e M war s g ory . was th e acknowle dge d le ade r of the Hindu kings and chi e fs of
H e is Hi d W e e n n . e n u at st r I dia styl d p , “ t th e h e e n . a or Chi f of Hi dus B bur,
th e n e th e e in n fou d r of Turk pow r I dia , says in his Me moirs that Rana Sanga was
th m e e e n in Hin e ost pow rful sov r ig dustan b y} “ e n h e n e it and h e ne wh i vad d , that attai d his pre se nt high e mine nce by his o wn d 1 an . s n e valour sword Eighty thou a d hors ,
7 a th e e n 9 and R jas of high st ra k, Raos
’ 1 rskin s Memoirs o Bdbw e r a e 312 . E f , p g 11 maharana 5 3 95 .
1 04 chie ftains be aring th e title s of Rawal and 5 00W ar e e n e Rawat, with l pha ts , follow d
t Th e n e him into h e fie ld . pri c s of Marwar and Ambe r (Jodhpur and Jaipur) did him
e and th e e homag , Raos of Gwalior, Ajm r,
e n n e n Sikri , Rais , Kalpi , Cha d ri , Boo di ,
G a roon a and e e g , R mpura Abu s rv d him as ” 1 e e in e tributari s or h ld of him chi f.
Maharana Sanga was a worthy grandson
th e e e n e of c l brate d Mahara a Kumbha . H not only fully uphe ld th e gre at traditions
th e e e e of royal hous of M war , as illustrat d
th e and e e e n by work achi v m ts of Bappa ,
Jaitra n H ammir and Si gh , Kumbha , but adde d fre sh lustre to the m and carrie d the m to a pinnacle of gre atne ss and glory ne ve r associate d with any Rajput family since th e
n th e an e passi g of Chauh family of Ajm r .
N e th e h e xt to immortal Pratap , is th e most famous of th e M aharanas
I n e n v . e of Chitor p rso al h roism , chi al
e and e ne rous charact r gr at ss of soul , h e ranks as one of th e gre ate st kings i n who have e ve r rule d n I dia . His
1 ’ T i u ities o Ra asthw/i V ol I 299 o s Annals and Ant . d q f j , . , p . 2 m n abara a Sam.
e e valour, high charact r and political for
e e th e ne e e sight, comm nsurat with c ssiti s of th e troublous time s in which h e was
n e th e e o n bor , rais d him to high st p sitio in Rajputana ; and if he faile d to drive out of India th e Turk invade rs from th e
N - e n th e e n n orth w st, bri g whol of Hi dusta “ ” n e one e and e e u d r umbr lla, r stablish
n e in n du e not Hi du supr macy I dia , it was
* n in the to wa t of ability him , but to
e e n n n n e d t rioratio of Hi du atio al charact r, to th e n and- e e ne e spirit of disunio xclusiv ss th n ,
now n e as , rampant in Hi du soci ty . CHAPTER II .
R AI MAL MAHARANA .
MAHARAN A SKNG K was th e third son of
n e h e n Mahara a Rai Mal , whos fat r, Mahara a
m e th e e Kumbha , had hu bl d prid of Malwa
th e e e n e and Gujrat, two gr at st mo archi s of
th e e in n and e e a tim I dia , rais d M w r to a
n e e and positio of gr at pow r prospe rity .
’ K u mbh a s a n i A D 14 ass ssinatio n . . 68
s on n n n th e by his Udai Si gh , k ow as Uda
B a tiowo e e e e (parricid ) , gav a t rribl shock to th e chie ftains and pe ople of Me war which
e e e e n r v rb rat d throughout Rajputa a . Though th e parricide asce nde d th e throne at Kum
bhal arh ne e and h e e in g , u asy lay his h ad, liv d
n h ne co stant fe ar of losing t e thro . N ot me e ting with support amongst his ow n
in e h e e n n e vassals M war , b ga to squa d r the re source s of th e country to purchas e th e mabamna Sam
support of th e ne ighbouring chi e fs. H e gave Abu to th e De ora chie f of Sirohi to
i e and e w n him to his sid , brib d Rao Jodha of Marwar with th e ce le brate d fortre ss of Taragarh (Ajm e r) to abstain from mole sting
Th e e e e n e him . d f r c thus shown by Uda to
the D e oras and th e B a e e e e thor , how v r, fail d ’ odh a s to w in the ir re gard or support . Rao J
s on d e e m e Du a, who had stablish d hi s lf at
1 5 19 A . D Me rta in Baisakh of S . ( . took posse ssion of th e prosp e rous town of ’ m n th e M ah arana s Sa bhar, drivi g out gar
e Th e e and h rison from th place . chi fs t e p e ople of M e war de cline d to have such a
- ne m n e e n and h e blood stai d o st r as th ir ki g , was drive n from th e throne 1 by th e pe ople
’ w h o re calle d Udai Singh s younge r brothe r
2 and n Rai Mal from Idar, by commo
1 Th e follow ing couple t is curre nt in Me w ar
- “ “ m am «T urns? * fsrfmfi e n? ( fi n
’ ‘ fu ws rér t w w * w r w w r m u
Uda ou sh o ul not h a e kille ou r athe r , y d v d y f . ’ o e re i nt come s f i is ne s s in R ai Mal S v g y i t o de t y . o u l ate the countr u ain d a sol ute l nothin p p d y; yo g e b y g .
2 R ai Mal since h is anishme nt his athe r , b by f Mah arana um h a h ad e e n li in w ith his athe r K b , b v g f in- law Ra a of I ar the . , j d m aharana sense. cons e nt crowne d him as Maharana of Me war i D 1 n . 4 A . 73 at Chitor .
n and Uda, with his two so s, Suraj Mal
M al n e e th e n Sahas , wa d r d about cou try for
e n no n e e . a whil , but fou d support a ywh r At last h e be took himse lf to th e
e e e ne m th e h r ditary y of his family , Khilji
n n e e n the Sulta of Ma du, for h lp to r gai
ne e a and e n e thro of M w r, w t so far as to agr e to give his daughte r in marriage to th e
u i Sultan. Sultan G hiyas dd n promise d assist
n e th e e e e e e . a c , but gods d cr d oth rwis
Just as Udai Singh was le aving th e ’ Sultan s palace to re turn to his re side nce ’ e and the e Indra s bolt smot him , parricid 1 th Th e n e e on e n . lay lif l ss grou d Sulta ,
e e e e s how v r , start d with a larg army to assi t Suraj Mal and Sahas Mal to th e throne of
e M war and arrive d ne ar Chitor. Rai Mal
e th e and e th e n issu d from fort attack d Sulta ,
fle d e n e e e e . who , b i g utt rly d f at d , to Mandu H e fe lt th e disgrace of th e de fe at
1 Me hta N ainsi h ow e e r s a s th at he re si e for a , v , y d d time at o at w h e re he marrie th e au hte r of rince S j , d d g P a ha the son of R ao u a of M arwar and e e ntuall B g , S j v y w e nt aw a to ikane r w h e re he ie . y B , d d 6 ma arana S n b a ga. de e ply and b e gan to pre pare a large army
e n e th e e W e n e to av g disast r . h his pr para
n e e e e h e e n e ne tio s w r compl t , s t his g ralissimo ,
n n e th e e e n Zafar Kha , to plu d r ast r part of
e M war .
Th e B e oon Ch achikde va Rao of g , Hada , se nt int e llige nce to th e Maharana of th e
e K n B h ainsror captur by Zafar ha of Kotah ,
Th e and e . n e n Sh opur Mahara a , coll cti g a large army and accompanie d by th e Rajas and e no e e n n e gov r rs of As r , Rais , Cha d ri ,
N n m e a e arwar , Boo di , A b r , Sambh r, Ajm r,
Ch ats oo and e , Lalsot, Marot, Toda other plac s , starte d for Mandalgarh . A sangui nary battle
e in n took plac , which Zafar Kha lost almost
h n e e H all t e otabl chi fs of his army . e fle d
n ue th e n to Ma du , purs d by Mahara a , who
e ne sack d Khairabad ( ar Mandu) . H e re Sultan G hiyasuddin s e nt ambassadors with
ff e p e ace o e rings . Th Maharana acce pte d th e 1 and nazarana re turne d to Chitor.
1 Se Ra i M s F e ris hta oe s not me ntion this e al Rd d. d w ar ro a l e cause it w as th rou h o ut disas trous to th e , p b b y b g l n H e sa s ha G hi asuddin did not l e a e Man u Su ta . y t t y v d afte r his acce ssion to th e th ro ne and th at h e gave h imse lf V hi h w r l ux ur a d a l I V . T s o e e to n e s o . u e . p y ( , p , v , a Th g un u li h w hi h is not a f ct . e Rai Mal Ra a ( p b s e d) c re lates th e se w ars is the w ork of a conte mporary w rite r mabarana sauna.
Accordi ng to th e Ekli ngj i T e mpl e gin 1 5 45 4 n . . 1 88 n scriptio of S (A . D ) Mahara a Rai Mal vanquish e d King K sh e ma in th e
’ i n urin ai Mal s re i n I ts truth is and w as w r tte d g R g .
urth e r c onfi rme the klin i Te m l e inscri tion f d by E gj p p ,
i a u d l 0th 5 5 8 ha f/r . 1 4 A D 14 ate th e C S . . 8 aide d d , S ( ) ( ’ rson s Bha van a a r I nsc i tions w hich e te r e te r . P P g p , p in l okas 68 and 77 istinctl me ntions the e eat S , d y d f of Ghiyasuddin near Chitor and the vic torie s of the
Maharana im a Z ar ha ove r h nd af K n.
’ fwm fie fi e M t ? WW u s e e mf- s v
flv m 13s : 11 ec u
in R a a Mal e ri e G hi as a Ghi asuddin the K g j d p v d y ( y ) , l ord of the Shakas ( Mussalmans) of his pride on (near) the Chitrukfi ta w h o ou h t w ith instrume nts of ca tu r , f g p in a e low s w ith l ou h s e w il e re the e ne mies g, g v b p g , b d d ( ) with his e l e h ants h ad nume rous and ac ti e troo s of p , v p h orse s and came l s h ad man h e roe s wh o ou ht w ith , y f g l ou d w ar- cry and wh o fough t w ith te rrible bl ow s (ve rse
Re fi ll mabarana sauna.
1 “ e H e e e Uda with his support rs . d stroy d t e n n- e ahirala e n h mou tai lik J , whos rovi g bands we re lik e a thorn and who was safe on account of h avmg found re fuge in ” “ e 2 e e fine thick for sts . H e e xact d a larg
Ma e e n th e e e from lava , aft r t ari g up tr s round Khairabad and cut to pi e c e s nume rous
Yavanas and e th e e , uproot d famili s of his ” e ne e 3 mi s .
H e constructe d se ve ral re se rvoirs of wate r in Me war— R amatalava with bloom ing lotuse s — Sankara and Samayasankata having abundant wate r}t
1 ’ ’ s fiw ifizw s vi m vfi rvfi u ivsm i vi mfvfi
‘ - " - mfjarffrs firffl flags um ( rare st s wi g: rag amixer s i re s mafi r s t rain W ars -é Faufw (m)fi sflr ‘ ‘ ‘ mfi wfuwfl u fiaa ufi 6 Biza i a na a r I ns . w t fi g 24; ( g , p
” ' w vfiw s fi v t a rm a m m z ' ‘ ‘ fws m nw fi s s fl I fi fim fwg rrFs fay W W -ai w ffi vfz fi vsfs fiifu W e st Fag : I1 s ? ll ( Bhava naga 'r i n I nscri t o s . p , p
- ‘ a w a re cre w fm t i W fiafimfi s fizf s m m rvwe rm t w fuafs
r : r: Bha van a a r I n o a . a r n H( g , p V e rse s 74 to 76 . ‘ ‘flt Tm fl' f‘l um fww nfiz rm e t fi f 91 691 ‘ vpfi s rfim fadflt fl wfi fi we sift - fit s uas Mi sfi 10 arana n m ah sa ga.
1 Rai Mal kne w th e Sastras and was a “ e H e s man of e xte nsive bounti s . allow ” 2 all . to stand fre e and happy .
Th e A disvara Te mpl e inscription of
1 5 8 on th e Satrun a a in S . 7 j y Hills Kathia war says (ve rse 6) that King Rai Mal “ was like a wre stle r among kings .
he n the re at h e ro Ga ura w h os e l o r w as w e ll W g , g y k no w n re ache th e sk b e in l ace on th e to of , d y y b g p d p the ea k of Chitrakfi ta I e lie e h e w e nt to athe p , b v b himse lf into the w ate rs o f the Su rasarit (G auga) be ing d e sirous of free ing himse l f from the sin c ommitte d by touching a g re at quantity ofblood she d from nume rou s hak as w unde S d e stroye d ( o d) . m amm vfi rm w are s l w as m e r afifsrsfiurflfufs vrfi firfi w rfiifi 'fi II as n Efit rm fi t
’ ‘ ’ ' ‘ “ ‘ 33m s uars wm s wz m w a t fi firmzffi n ! 75s ' a Bkavana ar I n s w a ft E t fifl u s n ( g . , p .
1 - - . fi f Tfise mfi r “m m w Fa ah s g na . rr
' ’ ' e u r rfirq ur s anj Bhava na a r I na . f fw H s ( g , p ‘ 2 — - fi ( “f W e ufs s i r? filt rat e s? fmj v s E'd' ? Fi fi ? fi g m s i g n?H ll ( Bha van aga r
I na , p . ’ wasn t ( W W W us ( firs t : ( Epigraphia
I ndica V ol . I I . , . , p 11 CHAPTE R III .
SANGA AND H I S B aorns as .
R A! M AL marrie d e le ven que e ns 1 by 2 h e 1 4 n and e whom had so s two daught rs .
Th e e e P rithvira and' th e ld st, j, third ,
1 A ccording to the re co rds ke pt by the Mah a ’ rana s barw a D e vidan the uee ns w e re , , q
’ Jhal a R a dhar s au hte r R atan anw ar j d g , K . ’ Rathor Bisa i s au hte r Ra an war j d g , j K . ’ Rath or Ran Sin h i s au h te r umk um anw ar g j d g , K K . ’ Ri thor Jodha s in of Marw a r au hte r Bir ( K g ) d g , anw rin arde vi K ar (S g ) . ’ Rath r D l h s au h r Sa a e vi o a at in te td . p S g d g , g ’ Rathe r Rao Malde va s in of Marw ar au hte r (K g ) d g , I r anw ar nd a K . ’ Solanki Raj a Har R aj a s grand - daughte r and R aj a ’ Lal in h s au hte r Mahta anw ar. S g d g , b K ’ Jh ala a w ar han s au hte r Mahta n . B d g , b K ' ’ De ora h R a kanw ar R ao G o i s dau te r . pj g , j ’ D e ora Rae Lakh a s au h te r Ch am a an w ar. p d g , p K ’ R athor R ao Ba ra s au hte r A nan anw ar. j p d g , d K
The 14 sons w e re : P rithvira Jaimal an ram j, , S g in h al an M al Fatta i Rai in h haw ani S g , K y , j , S g , B D as ishe n D as Na rain D as h ank a r Das D e i , K , , S , v Da un i Das The tw o s e r D as I sar D as V e n . , S d , , au hte rs w e re Damo ar anw ar and He r anw ar d g d K K . 12 Maharana 5 5 1195 .
a r n or an a th e S ng am Si gh S g , both by
e e n n n a u e Jhali qu Rata Ka w r, da ght r of
e e e m ne n Jhala Rajdhar , hav mad p r a t
s on the e n mark history of M war . Ka war Prith viraj was a prince whose he roic
e e and e e e spirit, dauntl ss courag irr pr ssibl
h h e e e e ne rgy made him t e idol of t p opl . His chivalrous d e e ds carrie d h is fame
e t to the farth st corne r of h e country .
H e had “ A frame of a amant a soul of fire d ,
m no l a o urs tire No an e rs ri ht hi . d g f g , b
e n e e His impetuous courag , i satiabl lov
a e n e e e of dv tur , a p rp tual thirst for
and e e action, tir l ss pursuit of glory attracte d kindre d spirits from all parts th e n . n e e of cou try Thousa ds of h ro s , be longing to diffe re nt clans and diffe re nt
e e P rith vira e plac s , follow d j to partak of
a d his glory n share his dange rs .
Sangram Singh (Sanga) was e qually
r a e e e e b ave , but his cour g was t mp r d w ith re fl e ction ; h e was as forbe aring as
h e e Th d son . e e n was brav s co Jaimal ,
t e e th e e n hough brav . lack d ergy of 13 mabarana Sense.
P rith viraj and th e high - soule d ge n e rosity
on of Sanga. H e was c scious that with P rithviraj as his e lde r b roth e r the re was littl e chance of h is obtaining th e
n The e crow . thre broth e rs had as a
n n Mal e n e w h o compa io , Suraj , th ir u cl , was of t h e sam e age and was e qually
t e brave . Suraj Mal was h son of K sh e m
r n and n n n Ka a gra dso of Ra a Mokal . Mokal h ad be e n succe e de d by th e ce le brated e s on Kumbha, whos , Rai Mal ,
o e was now n th throne of Me war . Suraj Mal was ambitious and continually chafe d unde r th e limitations which naturally circumscribe th e activitie s of scions
n of a you g e r branch of a royal family . H e be gan to inspire th e brothe rs of
P rithvira e j with id as of royalty , for which position e ve ry one of the m conside re d himse lf qualifie d by de sce nt and pe rsonal
e e n n brave ry . Th s aspiratio s aturally
e and Prith vira produc d discord , as j, Jaimal and Sanga gre w up and approache d
n e n n e te m ma hood , th ir co flicti g hop s , pe rame nts and ambitions put an e nd to e e n the ir fraternal affe ction . Th ir diss 14 mabarana sauna. sions not only di stu rb e d the p e ac e of the ir
and e e e a n . fath r , Mah ra a Rai Mal arr st d
he e e me n e n t rapid d v lop t of th ir cou try , but produc e d a state of affai rs whi c h was ve ry ne arly fatal to th e w e ll - be ing w of M e ar .
O ne day w hile th e thre e brothe rs and Suraj Mal w e re discussi ng the ir
e e e n n e e futur prosp cts , th y u a imously d cid d
e n e re th e n to trust th ir futu , as did Roma
Th e he an e n . e e brot rs , to om pri st ss of
’ Charanide vi at Nahar Magra (the tige r s
m n e n ne e e e h e r ou t) b i g ar by , th y r pair d to
P rithvira and e e abode . j Jaimal nte r d first
t m e ve and se ate d h e s l s on a palle t . Sanga followe d a nd took his se at on th e panthe r
e e n n th e e e n e hid b lo gi g to proph t ss, his u cl ,
M al o ne kne e e n e e n Suraj , with r sti g th r o . Scarce ly had P rith viraj disclose d th e ir e rrand wh e n th e sybil pointe d to th e panthe r hid e as th e de cisive om e n of
s e e n n n ov r ig ty to Sa ga , with a portio to th e
e e e e th e e uncl . Th y r c ive d d cre e as did the
me P rith vira twins of Ro . j dre w his sword
and would have falsifie d the . ome n had is maharana sauna. not Suraj Mal inte rpose d himself and
e e e th e e ne for an a r c iv d blow d sti d S g , while th e prophe te ss fle d from the ir
Th e i . ts e fury blow , though forc was broke n by the inte rposition of Suraj
Mal e e an a one e e , d priv d S g of y . Suraj Mal and P rith viraj we re e xhauste d with n wou ds . U nwilling to attack th e he ir
e th e ne an a e th e appar nt to thro , S g l ft sce ne with five sword cuts and th e los s
an e e e the nc of y , and mad for sa tuary
Chatu rbh u a e e J of j , clos ly follow d by ai
. H e e e th e e Se w antri Mal r ach d villag , l e Rathe r aitmal ot wher Bida J , who had come the re from Marwar to visit the
ne N e e shri of Rup arain , stablish d by Rana
H ammir w as n n e e n , sta di g r ady to r tur
e h e th e hom . As stood accoutre d for
ne e e n h e jour y, his st d sta ding by him ,
an a n in e caught sight of S g ridi g , bath d
i him e n blood . Bida took to his abod , but ’ sc arce ly had h e atte nde d to Sangas wounds whe n Jai Mal with his follo we rs gallop e d
1 mal R rs are esce n ants ofJait Mal The Jait ot i th o d d , th e younge r brothe r of the famous Mallini thji of Marw ar Mall ani in . 16
’ mabarana Sflflgct.
as too stupid to te nd his cattle and “ e e e l e th e e pr cis ly lik our A fr d Gr at, having in e es e ed charg some cak of flour , was r proach with be ing more de sirous of e ating than ” w h e e n n e . e n e t di g th m L avi g Mar ar, w nt
e and n e towards Ajm r, purchasi g a hors and e e arms , took s rvic with Rao Karam
n th e a e n the Cha d , Parm r chi f of Sri agar, ancie nt capital of th e P armars of this part
th e e n e of country, situat d at a dista c of
te n e e about mil s from Ajm r . Karam Chand had a follo wing of two or thre e
n h e e thousa d Rajputs , with which us d to h run t e country .
Re turning o ne day from o ne of the se
an a e n e n a e raids , S g alight d u d r a ba i n tre and Spre ading his saddle cloth o n th e ground and placing his s w ord unde r his h e e e is e e raz m e . h ad r pos d , st d g g by his sid A ray of th e sun pe ne trating the foliage
’ fe ll on S angas face and discove re d a snake
e n e e th e e th e e e r ari g its cr st ov r h ad of xil , and a bird of ome n pe rching itself on th e cre ste d se rp e nt was chatte ring aloud .
n a s and Two Rajputs, Jai Si gh B l cha 18 m n abara a sanga.
n Sindhal n th e e e Ja na , passi g by , saw sp ctacl
e te e e e and r por d it to th ir l ad r, Karam “ n e e e th Cha d . A goath rd v rs d in e language of th e birds i nforme d Karam
e Chand that h e was s rve d by royalty . Th e Parmar que stione d th e atte ndant of
‘ Sanga and coming to know that the he ir
e w as n presumptiv of Chitor servi g him , treate d him with due re spe ct and conside ra
e e e in his tion , and k pt him and his s cr t prote ction till th e tragic de ath of P rith viraj cl e ared his way to the throne . CH A PTER IV .
V KANWAR P RI TH I RAJ.
W HEN th e Maharana he ard of th e
e h e a e P rith vira catastroph , forb d j his
re e n e e n o e n e . p s c , t lli g him to liv his brav ry
W fi ve e e Sindh al n ith but hors , J ssa , Sa gam ,
Abh o n and Bh adail a , Jan a a R thor, P rith viraj quitte d M e war and made for
Godwar .
Th e disse nsions in the royal family of M e war and th e we ak regime during th e four ’ ye ars of Uda s re ign had paralyse d the a m n n and in n e e n e the d i istratio , co s qu c , wild tribe s of th e w e st and th e mountaine e rs of th e ’ A ravalli so little re sp e cte d th e Maharane e
n e th e e th e garriso of Nadol , s at of Godwar
e e n e e e e e Gov rnm t, that th y carri d th ir d pr da
i n th t ir e e e t o s to e plains . P ri hv aj d t rmin d to subjugate th e i nsurgents and re store orde r in
and e he Godwar, show his fath r that was pos se e e e e ss d of r sourc s inde p nde nt of his birth . 90 Th e n n e ed e su s cou try was i f st with M a , who issuing from the ir fastne sse s had se t up
e n e . O ne e e e p tty pri cipaliti s of th s chi fs ,
e N do a i n h ld his court at a l y . Casti g about for
e n n e and n n m a s to attai his obj ct , fi di g that
n w e e nn n P rith vira his fu ds r ru i g low , j aske d an Oswal me rchant of th e t a family
n e n m n n for a loa , pl dgi g his dia o d ri g with
h th e n him . T e t a at once re cognize d ri g as th e one h e had sold at Chitor to Princ e
P rithvira and n t o n th e e n e j, comi g k ow of t r
e on P it vira e n e pris which r h j was gag d , W began actively to assist him . ith his
P rithvira e n e e and help, j list d hims lf his followe rs as adhe re nts of th e M e e na Chie f. ’ O n th e th e n e e approach of hu t r s f stival ,
’ Ah aire a th e M e e na s n ( ) vassals , accordi g to
ne e e e e e th e e custom , obtai d l av to c l brat f stival in e P ithvi a e s . r r th ir hom j, who had also
ne e e e e his e and obtai d l av , rapidly r trac d st ps de spatche d his followe rs to attack th e Me e na in n h e n th e e his stro g old , hims lf awaiti g r sult in t h e I n ambush outsid e h e gate of t town. a short tim e the M e e na Chie f came galloping in th n n e full flight to e mou tai s for s curity .
P rithvira e o ve n j pursu d, rtook and tra sfixed mabarana 531195 .
a an e n him with l ce to a kesola tr e , and setti g
the e e th e Me e nas e fire to villag , sl w as th y u s o ght to e scape . H e the n attacke d and
e u n one te n e r d ced to submissio , af r a oth r, all the various Bals cha and Madre cha Chauhans
th e e e n th e of G odwar , with xc ptio of
Madre ch a n ~ e stro ghold of D suri .
— e A D . 1 About this tim ( . 473 1 483)
th e n e Rao Lakha of Sirohi , with assista c of
n e and e Rao Bha of Idar , attack d kill d Bhoj , th e Solanki Chie f of Lanch . Bhoj was a de sce ndant of the Solanki kings of
h W e e A n alwara Patan . h n driv n from Patan his ance stors had move d furthe r n e e at n e e orth and s ttl d La ch , wh r Bhoj
an n e e e n e now ruled as i d p nd t chi f. Maha rao e n Lakha of Sirohi , who had asc ded i e n . 1 the gadi of that Stat A D . 45 1
e h e . 1 5 08 was (S ) an ambitious rul r, and de te rm ine d to take Lanch from the
H e e five e ts Solankis . mad or six att mp
e e e to d priv Bhoj of his t rritory, but was
f e n a e de eate d e ve ry tim e . Lakha th sk d
Rao h e and Bhan of Idar to lp him , with
e his assistance attack d and killed Bhoj . 29 ma arana s n b a ga.
This battl e is said to have take n place at l a the hill of Mal magr .
son n ns Bhoj s , Rai Mal , and gra dso ,
n n Samant n and Sha kar Si gh , Si gh , Sakhra
and e n K u mbh al n e n arh . Bha , l ft La ch w t to g Kanwar P rith viraj offe re d the m th e fie f of
e n e e D suri , aski g th m to wr st it from its ’ e Madre ch a Chauhan chie f. Rai Mal s wif
n e e n Rai be i g a daught r of that chi ftai , Mal showe d u nwilli ngne ss to u nde rtake the
e n e e P rithvira e n. n x p ditio Fi di g, how v r, that j was unwilling to he lp him on any othe r
e th ff e s e e e . H e t rm , Rai Mal acc pt d o r with
’ his sons we nt to his fathe r - in- law s house and tre ache rously murde re d Sanda and th e othe r Madre c ha Rajputs and obtaine d from P rith viraj a patta for De suri with its 1 40
e 2 The w villag s . Thakurs of Jil ada and
1 Me hta Nains i in his Chronicl es says that Bhoj Dipaw at h ad tak e n up his res id e nce in the town of Las M anaw a of irohi d S . 2 The rant inclu e A a a Bandrot Dham a aon g d d g y , , y g , Se w antri De s uri Dholana eac h with tw e l e illa s , , , v v ge attache to it as w e ll as Ana Karanaw as ans a d , , , B d , Moon u ra K e shuli C anthi G o la and Chauvadia p , , , d , Me hta N ainsi give s furthe r de tail s of the se s village . 23 = mabarana sanga:
’ u n a e e n e R p ag r , d sc d d from Rai Mal s
n n in and Samant n so s, Sha kar S gh Si gh
e e e are m n th e 32 r sp ctiv ly , a o gst sardars
e - w n (s cond class nobl e s) of Me ar . Havi g
e e e in P rith vira r stor d ord r Godwar , j appointe d th e t a and one Solanki Rai
th e and e n e n Mal , to civil military gov r m ts t of h e province .
During th e abse nce of Sanga and th e
n me n P rith vira ba ish t of j, Jai Mal was
e n as th e e th e ne look d upo h ir to thro .
Th e me th e e fa of b auty of Tara Bai ,
e n n n daught r of Rao Surta of Bad or, havi g
’ e e e h e e e e r ach d Jai Mal s ars, b cam d sirous
n n h e r n w of obtai i g ha d . Rao Surtan as
th e n e th e ne e e n nt of Sola ki trib , li al d sc da
h me n A nh al a of t e fa d Balhara ki gs of w ra. T-he nce e xpe lle d by th e arms of Alauddin
in the e e n e n h e Khilji thirt th c tury , t y
e e n n and ne migrat d to C tral I dia , obtai d
posse ssion of Tonk - Toda and its lands on
the na w e e e s Ba s , hich from r mot tim had bee n occupie d (pe rhaps founde d) by th e
and e n e e the na e T w Taks , h c bor m of ak
sillana ar Takit ur g , familiarly p and Toda . 24
mabarana sense.
th e ans la n n Th e e sp ar of S Rata Si gh .
n e n n e e e n e e e Ra a , wh i cit d to r v g , r pli d “ that h e who had thu s dar e d to insult th e honour of a fathe r a nd that fath e r in l h i ” e e e s e . distr ss , rich y m rit d fat
P rith vira th e e th e e e e j, broth r of d c as d , was the n an e x ne in Marwar ; h e had just signalize d his valour and e nsure d ’ e e ne th e e e m n his fath r s forgiv ss , by r d ptio
Th e s o e n of Godwar , cata tr ph at Bad or d e te rmine d him to acce pt th e gage thrown
F e a d th down to Jai M al . am n e bard had carrie d th e re no w n of P rith viraj far be y o nd th e bounds of Me war ; th e nam e alone
t t e the and e n e e was a trac iv to fair , wh th r to h e w h o bore it adde d all th e chi valrous ardour of his Chauhan nam e sak e and pro
tot e th e n n yp , Tara Bai , with sa ctio of
h e r e n e n e to be his on fath r, co s t d , his “ simple as se ve ration that h e would re store ” n e to the m Toda or h e was o tru Rajput .
The annive rsary of the martyrdom of the sons of Ali was th e se ason chose n for
P rith v ra e e e t the e xploit . i j form d a s l c to m r n aba a a sanga.
n fi ve n e e and ba d of hu dr d cavali rs . ,
m n e e th e acco pa i d by his brid , fair Tara, who i nsiste d o n partaking of his glory
and n e h e e e d th e his da g r, r ach d To a at mome nt th e taz zia or bie r containing th e
martyr - brothe rs was place d in th e ce ntre “ Th the e . e n e of chauk or squar pri c ,
and th e e n e e Tara Bai , faithful S g r Chi f, th e n e e n n P rith vira i s parabl compa io of j, le ft the ir cavalcade and joine d th e proce ss ion as it passe d u nde r th e balcony of th e plac e in which the Afghan was putting on his dre ss pre paratory to de sce nding . Just as h e had aske d w h o th e strange horse me n
e e ne th e n th e n e w r that had joi d thro g , la c
i of P rith viraj and an arrow from th e bow of his Amazon bride stre tche d him on th e 1 f e e th e d e e e th e loor . B for crow r cov r d from
n th e e e e e the e pa ic , thr had r ach d gat of th e n e e e e e tow , wh r th ir xit was obstruct d
1 The follow ing old couple t e x tant in Rajputana sums up the popular vie w of th e incide nt
m w vft mw v ii i
' ‘ Fs s 3? F ifi w 1 mm
Run aw a Lalla Prith vira has arrive . A ack al y , , j d j ’ as e e n n i i h r h b bor n a lion s de n ( t cannot stay t e e ) . 27 mabarana sense.
h e r by an ele phant . Tara Bai with scimitar
e n and th e n fle e n divid d his tru k , a imal i g ,
e e e e e th y join d th ir cavalcad , which was clos at hand .
The n e e e n e e and Afgha s w r ncou t r d,
t n th e e could no sta d attack . Thos who did not fle e we re cut to pie ce s ; and th e gallant P rithviraj inducte d th e fathe r of his bride l n n e n e e th e i to his i h rita c . A broth r of
n in h is e e e s Afgha , att mpt to r cov r it , lo t
e his lif .
N Mall oo n e n n awab Kha , th holdi g
e e e ne e th e Se sodia Ajm r, d t rmi d to oppos
n e in e n e e n e n pri c p rso ; who , r solv d upo b i g th e n a n e e e nc ou n assaila t, dva c d to Ajm r , te re d foe in th e - e and his camp at day br ak ,
e e s e e n e e B e e tli aft r gr at laught r t r d Garh , h ‘ th e e t e e . e e citad l , with fugitiv s By th s ’ ‘ a th e n e e in cts, says chro icl , his fam
e e in : one n cr as d Rajwara thousa d Rajputs , animat e d by th e sam e love of glory and
e n e e n th e nakarr as d votio , gath r d rou d of
l w fi M mfi ‘ fi fi
’ w wi u fi fi v l Prith viraj arms himse lf against Lalla and heading an ar r k s To a my b e a d . 28 ma arana san b gs.
e ne in th e P rith viraj. Th ir swords sho
e e n and e e e e on th e e h av s , w r dr ad d arth ; ’ 1 he e but the y aide d t de fe nce l ss .
’ Anothe r instance of P rith viraj s high
e ne and e n e s e ne spirit , rgy t rpri is, says Colo l “ e e and n me Muh am Tod, r cord d co fir d by
n e th e e e mada writ rs as to r sult , though th y are ignorant of th e impulse which prompte d
P rith vi a on o e a n n th e th e act. r j n occ sio fou d Rana conve rsing familiarly with an a kdy (a m ffi e th e n and e e ilitary o c r) of Malwa Ki g, f l in ffe n e th e n e e n n e e e g o d d at co d sc sio , x pr ss d
e m Th e H n n hims lf with war th . a a iro ically
e e a re m e e n r pli d You a ighty s iz r of ki gs,
’ me e e e n nd but for I d sir to r tai my la .
P rithvira e e e e j abruptly r tir d , coll ct d his
n e Ne e much e e h e n ba d , mad for , wh r soo
e e five n e and e n gath r d thousa d hors , r achi g
e n e e and e th e D palpur , plu d r d it , sl w
e Th e o gov rnor. Ki ng of Malwa n he aring
th e n e n the e of irruptio , l ft Ma du at h ad of
e The what troops h e could coll ct . Rajput
n e n e e e n ad pri c , i st ad of r tr ati g , rapidly vance d and attack e d th e camp while
1 ’ ‘ To s Ra stha n V l I 6 a o . . 4 d j , , p 7 . 29 . mabarana 5 5 1195 .
e f th e n n th e r fre shing a te r march . Si gli g out
e n e e n a nd e e s royal t t occupi d by u uchs f mal ,
P rith vira e v e and j mad Mahmud capti , plac ing him on an e xpre ss cam e l b e sid e himse lf h e war ne d th e pursu e rs to follo w pe ac e ably
h e e e h a n or would put his Maj sty to d at , ddi g
h e n e n e no but that i t d d him harm , that ‘ ’ afte r havi ng made him touch his fath e r s
’ him e e e h e e e . f t, would r stor to lib rty Hav ing carri e d him dire ct to Chitor and to h is
’ e e e n e h e ne n fath r s pr s c , tur d to him sayi g , ‘ ’ ‘ e n e n th e a hd and ask S d for your fri d y,
’ him who this is Th e Malwa ki ng was
e ne m n w n th e d tai d a o th ithi walls of Chitor ,
and n ns m in e havi g paid his ra o hors s, was se t at libe rty with e ve ry de monstration of
n P h ir ho our . rit v aj re turne d to Kumbhal
his e e n e and e his e in garh , r sid c , pass d lif e x ploits l ike the se from th e age of fourt e e n
e th e n th e n and till d ath , admiratio of cou try ” 1 the h a the m e of t e h rd.
Th e amazing rapidity with which P rith viraj move d from one place to
anoth e r and th e lightning - like spe e d with
1 ’ o s Ra asthan V ol . I 6 5 T d j , , p . 7 , 30 mabarana sense.
which h e marche d and fe ll on his e ne my e arne d for h im th e titl e of Udnd P rithvi “ h i ira r a t e n e P r th v . j , wi g d j
O ne of th e e arlie st e xploits of Prithvi
m e h im m in na raj , which ad fa ous Rajputa , was his daring raid o n G irnar in th e h e art
’ r n s s e of Guj at . Mahara a Rai Mal ist r
’ h n K umbh a s e — a Ma ara a daught r Ram Bai , h ad be e n marrie d to Raja Mandlik z Jadava d Surashtra G irnar (Ya ava) of ( ) .
1 M e hta N ains i say s that Prith viraj a ttac ke d — Toda and Jal o r tw o pl ac e s se parate d by 200 mil e s rom e ac h othe r on one and the same da a nd th at f y, th r w a c all U ua P rith vira e nc e fo th he s e d d j. 2 Me hta N ains i in his Chron icl es says th at King Mandlik w as a po w e rful rule r and command e d an army of tw e nt thousan R a uts and use to construc t ne w y d jp , d tank s e e r e ar H e u se to ath e e e r da w ith v y y . d b v y y G an e s w a e r and rink no w ate r b ut that ofth G an e s g t d e g . Th e re ason of his all accor in to N ainsi w as his f , d g , w Cha a uncontrolle assion for th e i e of a r n . A kh o d p f , son of u rtan w as a Charan attach e to the rinci al S , d p p f hi r r s H is w i e N a d vi w a ate o s o t e s . e s osse sse g f f g , p d ’ a w r N a de vi s s n h a m o f s upe rn tu ral po e s . g o d arrie d a P admini w h ose son N a ar una w e nt to ultan Mahmud , , g j , S Be gara and w on his fa vour and obtaine d from him tw o k mi mare s name La bah and La sh . rom the m d F , N a ar u na had tw o h orse s Ucha saro and Amolak w hich g j , , ame amous R a a Mandlik h e arin of th e ir ame be c f . j g f t Ch aran re usin to i h se nt for he m. The e th e m u t e f g g v p, R a a himse l w e nt to N a a r una for the m b ut w as no j f g j , m s e ss han h s m n A e r s me im a ar r ore ucc ul t i e . t o t e e f f , b b of the B a a ha e ne to o to Na de vi w ho aske him j pp d g g , d 31 m n abara a sa ga.
Owing to som e disagre e me nt be tw e e n th e
n and th e e M andlik e n husba d wif , b ga to
P rithvira e illtre at his Que e n. j h ard of
and e n n this , with a chos ba d of his dlik ve te rans starte d to punish Ki ng M an . Trave rsing th e long distance by rapid
e P rith vira e M andlik march s, j surpris d
I e e h e in e . n e n his palac his h lpl ss ss,
’ e e t r e F app al d o P ith viraj s cl m e ncy . rith
vira e e m j Spar d his lif , but as a ark of punishm e nt cut a littl e pie ce off his right
e ar and e ne n a r tur d with his au t Ram Bai , to
- - to a re th e nails of h e r au h te r in law th e Padmini. p d g , Struc k h e r su r as sin e a ut h e re aire d to Mandlik by p g b y , p and s oke to him a r Ma dl ik re sol e to o and p bo ut h e . n v d g se e h e r Hi u R m Bai x ostulate w ith him . s e e n a a e q , , p d and trie h e r o i a im Mandlik e rsis te d be st t d s su de h . p d in his ne fa rio us de s ign and w e nt to the village w he re N a d vi l i N a v u i t e ntire ollow in g e v e d . gde i s ppl e d he f g o f th e R aj a w ith p rovisio ns from a s mall kotr i (c e ll) ’ f h r is d a t s n u ral at the kin s o e s . u r r e thi s u e r a t e S p p f , g a tte ndants told h im th at sh e w as a godd e ss and nothing sh l b d s l a h kin mad w ith o u e one to i e se h e r . T e d d p g, e sire did no t lis te n to th m The bar tre e un e r d , e d w hich h e sat e an to sh oo t e ts o f l oo b u t th e in b g j b d , k g did not take th e w a rnin H e aske N a de vi to g . d g sh o w him th e Padmini h D i rou h h r o u . T e e v b g t e t ro e rl de ck e d b ut h e r e e t did not to uch th e roun p p y , f g d . Mandlik th rust o rward his h an to catc h h ol of h e r f d d . She ho we e r assume the o rm of a odde ss and r , v , d f g p o nounced a curse u on him that h e woul lose his ortre ss p , d f , 32
Inabarana sanga
’ n e e na Soo aft r Jai Mal s d ath, Mahara Rai Mal confe rre d th e parganah of Bhains
th nn e n s o n ror of e a ual r tal of R .
’ Rawat Suraj Mal (Rana M okal s grand s on as W th e e s n ) jagir . he n n w of this gra t
e e P rith vira in h e re c o l r ach d j Godwar , le c te d th e proph e cy of th e C h aranide vi and th e e h e and du l had with Suraj Mal , s e nt a le tte r to th e Maharana prote s ting
n t th e Th e na e e agai s grant . Mahara r pli d that h e o n his part had made th e grant and that P rith viraj w as at libe rty to tak e it
A s s as s back if h e could . oon thi re ply re e P rith vira h e s e ach d j, tart d to attack
t w o s n Bh a insror with thou a d horse me n.
n and Saran de va Putti g Suraj Mal g , a
n n h e grandso of Ra a Lakha, to flight, took posse ss ion of th e castle and t urne d the
the e n th e familie s of two chi ftai s out of fort.
u e n n m n S raj Mal , whos vau ti g a bitio had p e rsuade d him that the crow n w as
e n n e e e n e n his d sti y , plu g d d p i to tr aso to
nn n e ara d va his obtain it. Wi i g ov r S ng e to
se e t e e n cau , th y bo h r pair d to Sulta
a lihil i M a w The n N siruddin j of l a . Sulta u ahan na san m ga. w e lcome d th e opportunity the se i nte rnal dis se nsions in Me w ar gave h im to inflict a
o n and s e n e th e e e blow Chitor , thu av g d f ats th e su cce ssive M ah aranas had inflicte d on
n t s e s e n e m his a ce s or . H t a larg ar y th ns e . s e e agai t M war Thu aid d , two trai tors ass ail e d th e s outh e rn fronti e r of the ir fath e rland and rapidly pos s e sse d th e m s e lve s
B atarda and w e e e n n of Sadri , a id tract xt di g
m N e N e e muc h e n e e n fro y to , att mpti g v
W th fe w s Chitor . ith e troop that w e re in th e th e n s e n th e fort , Mahara a tart d to pu ish
e e s w h o me t th e o n th e e r b l , attack riv r
bh iri Th e n n G am . e Mahara a , fighti g lik a
m n s l e e e e and co mo o di r, had r c iv d two t w e nty w ou nds and w as ne arly falling
n ne ss e n P rith vira through fai t wh j, who
e th e nv s n w n n had h ard of i a io , ith light i g s pe e d arrive d w ith o ne thousand fre s h horse
m K u mbh al arh and e e fro g av rt d a disaste r.
n h is n e h e Looki g out for u cl Suraj Mal ,
n e him n s soo sight d . Cutti g h i way up to him h e e e him w n s . , cov r d with ou d Both side s lost many brave me n but ne ith e r would
e Wh e n n yi ld . ight fe ll the y re tire d from th e fe and b e i e i ld ivouack d n sight of e ach oth r . 35 a ar na n a m h a sa g .
e n P rithvira Soon aft r ightfall , j paid a
n e S and th e me e t visit to his u cl uraj Mal , ing be twe e n th e rival uncl e and th e ne phe w is de scrib e d by Colone l Tod as unique in th e e e e n e th e n d tails of strif , p rhaps si c origi
” ma P rith vira n his n e in of n. j fou d u cl a small
e n e n n o n e n t t r cli i g a pall t, havi g just had th e e se w n barb r (surge on) to up his wou ds . H e rose and me t his ne ph e w and he ir to th e throne of M e war with th e customary
e e n n n e r sp ct , as if othi g u usual had occurr d ; but th e e xe rtion cause d some of th e wo unds
e n e e n th e n to op afr sh , wh followi g dia logue e nsue d
‘ P I THV RA W R I J. e n e are ll , u cl , how your wounds
‘ U MAL . e e e d S RAJ Quit h al d , my chil ,
’ n e th e e e e e n si c I have pl asur of s i g you .
P RI THV I RAJ. n e e But, u cl I hav 1 n t e t e n th e a l o y s e D e w nj . I first ran
se e and I am e n to you , v ry hu gry ; have you anything to e at
1 The Mah arana is c all e Diw an i o w in to his d j , g
i e in the chie rie st of th e amou s te m le of Ekl n i b g f p f p i gj . 36 maharana 5 am.
nne e e and th e e Di r was soon s rv d , xtra
n wn and ate offth e e ordi ary pair sat do , sam platte r ( thdlij f nor did P rith viraj he si tate
‘ ‘ ’ to e at the po m l pre se nt e d on his taking le ave ‘ P RI TH V I RAJ a d e nd . You n I will our
’ e i th e e n n n n . battl mor i g , u cl ‘ U M A e e m L . e S RAJ V ry w ll , child ; co
The y me t : but Sarangde va bore th e
n th e n e e n - five bru t of co flict , r c ivi g thirty
’ s hu r me s w s d n . n an wou d Duri g four g , s ord
n e w e e e and e ve e ut la c s r pli d , ry trib of Raj p
n m e th e e e s lost u b rs that day . At last r b l
e e e e e and fle d w s and w r d f at d to ard Sadri ,
P rith vira e ne in m j r tur d triu ph , though
e e n n . S with s v wou ds , to Chitor uraj Mal to ok up his abode at Sadri and Sarangde va
B a a T t at t rda . h e Maharana did no wish to
e e an e P rithvira troubl th m y furth r , but j w as re le ntle ss in his e fforts to drive the m
e e n e n s out of M war . Many p rso al ncou te r took place b e tw e e n th e uncl e and th e
1 P an h as fre que ntly be e n a me dium fo r administe r in oison g p . 37 ma aran s n a b a a g . ne phe w : th e latte r saying h e would not le t him re tain as much land of M e war as
’ ” would cove r a ne e dle s point : and Suraj “ e in h e h is Mal r tort g , that would allow ne ph e w to re d e e m o nly as much as would
” ff fo h m l i o su ice r i to e up n.
ve n m e e th e e e s Dri fro plac to plac , r b l
me th e w B aturro Batarda ca to ilds of ( ) , whe re th e y form e d a stockad e d re tre at of th e dho e e w n s in th e e and tr , hich abou d for st ; one day while Suraj Mal and h is companion
Saran de va w e e c o mmunin r th e n g , r g by ight f e o n e e e e e ir th ir d sp rat plight , th ir cogitatio ns w e re che ck e d by th e rush and ne h n igh of hors e s . Scarce ly had t e pre te de r “ ” e me s m s b e m ne e ! w e n xclai d , thi u t y ph w h P rith viraj dashe d his ste e d through th e barricade and e nte re d w ith his troops . All
as n n and th e sw s e e its w co fusio , ord how r d
Th e n n e blow s indis criminate ly . you g pri c re ache d his uncl e and de alt him a blow which w oul d have le ve lle d him b u t for th e support
Saran de va w h o e him n of g , upbraid d , addi g a buffe t now was more than a score ( 1
n in e Ma wou ds form r days to which Suraj . 38 mabarana 5 5 1195 .
“ ’ e n w e n e m ne e add d , o ly h d alt by y ph w s
” an e n e e and h d . Suraj Mal d ma d d a parl y
n on th e n e th e h e calli g pri c to stop combat, “ n n e e e not co ti u d If I am kill d , it matt rs m e n are s e run th e y childr Rajput , th y will
n find but are n cou try to support ; if you slai , ? what w ill b e come of Chi tor My fac e w ill b e blacke ne d and my name e ve rlastingly
e e r probat d .
Th e w e e and th e s ord was sh ath d , as
n e and ne e e m e th e e e u cl ph w brac d , latt r ask d th e me W e e n e for r, hat w r you about u cl , l ’ ‘ w e n I c ame w - n n n n e n e h O ly talki g o s s ,
’ a e nne me l d . e chi d , ft r i r But with ov r
e n e foe b e your h ad, u cl , as a , how could you ? ’ —‘ so ne glige nt W hat could I do ? You
e me no e e and m e had l ft r sourc , I ust hav
’ e e m some plac to r st y he ad .
The re was a small te mple ne ar th e
S a e in th e m rn n v tock d , to which o i g Prith i raj re que ste d his uncle to accompany him
a e th e mothe r Ka li th e to s crific to ( ) , but blow of th e pre ce ding night pre ve nte d him
f n . Saran de va rom goi g g was his proxy, 39 r n maha a a sanga.
n e Suraj Mal havi g l e ft for Sadri . O n buffalo had falle n and a goat was about to follow wh e n th e prince turne d his sw ord on
v Th e e e Saran de a . e m g co bat was d sp rat ,
’ P rith vira th e and th e e but j was victor , h ad of th e traito r w as place d as an offe ri ng o n th e t Time K i Th e e w as al ar of ( a l ) . plac plunde re d a nd th e town of B aturro ( B a tarda) was re cove re d .
n ne w Saran de va Havi g do ith g , Prithvi raj starte d for Sadri to de spatch Suraj Mal
e aran de va e aft r S g . Suraj Mal having r ach e d e e e n Sadri , stopp d th r o ly to fulfil his “ thre at that h e w ould make ove r th e lands
e th e m n to those strong r than king . A o g
e h e e 1 2 v e e n oth rs gav illag s of D bari , i clud ing Billano and R auslo to Brahmins and
and w as n n e bards, about to aba do M war for
e e w e n P rith vira e H e v r h j arriv d . was
’ e e i d r c ive d n u e form. Suraj Mal s wife
e e e th plac d poison d food b fore e princ e .
me n o f no t Suraj Mal ca to k ow this, but
n n e n ne th e n k owi g which plat co tai d poiso , h n e e e e e e e e was u abl to r mov it . H th r for
r t v sat down to join P i h iraj in the re past . 40 ma r n ba a a 5 31195 .
P rith viraj was all this time in blissful ignorance of th e w he re abouts of Sanga and ’ e n wh the r h e was au ve or de ad . Sa gas marriage with th e daughte r of th e Rao of Srinagar made known his re tre at to Prithvi
e e ne m raj , who d t rmi d to visit Rao Kara Chand with his ve nge ance for daring to give
n n i protectio to Sa ga n de fiance of his thre ats .
Th e e e e i e e e a nd fat s, how v r , w ll d oth rwis , this Rolando of his age was tre ache rously
ne ow n e - in- e poiso d by his broth r law , whos
life he had spare d .
As P rith viraj was pre paring for his e x
e dition n m n n p agai st Kara Cha d of Sri agar , h e re ce ive d a le tte r from his siste r Amanda
e n in e e n n h e r Bai , writt gr at gri f, complai i g of
- e e n h e r ill tr atm t by lord, Rao Jug Mal of
m e nn sh e e e be Sirohi , fro whos tyra y b gg d to de liv e re d and to b e re s tore d to h e r pate rnal
W e n P rithvira e e e h e roof. h j r ad this l tt r ,
fir was all a e w ith i ndignation and rag e . L e aving aside for th e pre se nt th e proj e cte d
on n h e n n e attack Sri agar, i sta tly start d for
h e e i e n . S rohi , which r ach d at mid ight Scal
in th e e h e n e e th e u e g palac , i t rrupt d sl mb rs 42 mabarana Sam of Jug Mal by placing his poniard at his
’ e e h . n e r n throat His wif , forg tti g husba d s
e e e n e cru lty, r spond d to his humiliati g app al
e and e e h e r e e for m rcy , b gg d broth r to spar
e e on n n his lif , which was grant d co ditio of
’ his standing as a suppliant with his wife s
e on e and n h e r e e th e sho s his h ad touchi g f t,
H e e e n. e e low st mark of d gradatio ob y d , i w as forgive n and e mbrace d by P rith v raj.
The ne n n e n e ne xt mor i g , Jug Mal t rtai d his
e e royal broth r at a public e nte rtainm nt . At ’ 1 P rithvira s e e e e n e j d partur , Jug Mal pr s t d him with thre e pills of a confe ction for which
e e P rithvira ate e he was c le brat d . j th m as
h e e in K umbh al arh . cam sight of g , but on
e n the ne M amade vi h e r achi g shri of , was
H e e n m unable to proce e d furthe r . s t a e s sage to th e fair Tara to come and bid him
e e e th e far w ll , but so subtl was poison that de ath ove rtook him e re sh e de sce nde d from
H e r e n th e fortre ss . r solutio was soon take n ;
th e e e e e and the pyr was r ct d , with mortal remains of th e chivalrous P rithviraj in
’ 1 hanke r a s Histor o Sirohi G aur . 205 P . i S t y f , p .
m 14 3 o 5 23 r A D 8 t A . D . 1 Jug Mal re igne d f o . . . 43 mabarana 5 31195 .
“ h e r e e she th e e s mbrac , ascended r gion of
” th e sun .
Such was th e e nd of this he ro of “ ” e a th n M war nd e Star of Bad or . How the course of history woul d have run if P rith viraj had b e e n spare d to l e ad th e
ne e and e th e fortu s of M war, what fat founde r of th e Turk (Moghal) dynasty in India would have me t at th e hands
l l e d th e e e of Rajput chiva ry , by r ckl ss h e roism and th e imp e tuous e ne rgy of
P rith vira e the a a j, inst ad of cautious S ng , it
ne e n e e is, as Colo l Tod says , futil to co j ctur . O ne n e e e n. a thi g , how v r, is c rtai If B bur, afte r his e arly de fe ats had had P rithviraj
te an a ne n the n e ins ad of S g as his oppo t, cha c s are ov e rwhe lming that h e would have e nded
an n e e n e his days u succ ssful adv tur r, at
i in e b A I) ne . . 1 5 27 Khanua , ar Sikr , F ruary , and th e I ndian soil have be e n onc e more
e e the e m the N - e cl ar d of hord s fro orth w st . CH APTER V .
’ LY YEAn o A E EAR s r S NGAS R IGN .
’ THE shock of Prince P rithviraj s de ath shatte re d the constitution of Maharana
e ne th e Rai Mal , who gri vously mour d loss
n e and e son e e e of his obl h roic , whos d ds
e e n n th e n and w r ri gi g throughout , cou try whose fam e had spre ad far and wide in th e
n H e i e e . e ll and n n n la d f ll , , duri g his ill ss , ws re ache d him that Sangram Singh was with
me s ~ Rao Karam Chand of Srinagar . A
e e e n s ng r was s t to Karam Chand, who pre se nte d himse lf with Prince Sangram Singh
The e e at Chitor. Maharana was d light d to se e son n and n e re his agai , co f r d on Karam Chand a suitable jagir as a re ward for his
e s rvice s . His de sce ndants still hold th e village of B anbe ri and are amongst the
- e thirty two Sardars of M war . 45 m n ahara a 5 5 1193.
R ai Mal did not long survive th e de ath of
the e P ri h v r i V i h roic t i aj. H e die d n crama m 1 5 Sa bat 66 ( A. D . and Sangram Singh ascende d th e throne of Me war on (Je th Sud 5 th . 4th D 1 A . 5 8 in h e . 0 t , S May ,
e n ne t e r ow d for r ss of Chitor . Sangram Singh
n on 9 th 2 d . 1 5 39 an was bor Baisakh Bad , S was the re fore 2 7 ye ars old whe n h e took
e on th e n 3 his s at cushio of Bappa Rawal .
Whe n Maharana Sanga cam e to th e
ne n e thro , Rajputa a as a whol was much stronge r politically than it had be e n since
e th e n e in n th e adv nt of Afgha pow r I dia .
e the Ch auh ans e th e G uihl ots Aft r of Ajm r,
of Me war rose to gre at powe r . Eve n in
’ 1 4 - 1 4 th e m A D . 33 6 K u mbh a s ti e ( . 8 ) G uihl ots we re th e only powe rful Rajput n Kingdom in Rajputa a . The Haras we re
th e e and th e K achh ah as vassals of M war , w
1 ’ a N ainsi s hro icl es Me h ai i Me ht C n . ta N ns says that R ai Mal h ad a son name Jassa w ho w as i e n to d , g v l eas ure and s ort a nd the ar ars asse him o e r and p p , S d p d v an ram in h on the throne place d S g S g . 9 i I b d . 3 Babur had be e n four years king of Kabul whe n Ma Si nga became harana. 46 mabarana Sanga.
Am e no w e e not (capital b r, Jaipur) w r of Th e R ath ors much political conse que nce . i we re only j ust be gmning to strike root n
e n n n the th e r gion rou d Ma dawar (Ma dor) , n e se at of th e ancie t Parihar pow r which ,
’ in N arhar R ae s time had be e n paramount
in Hindustan.
me th e in A D . W he n Sanga ca to throne .
th e K ac hhw ah as and th e 0 A . D . 1 5 8 , both Rath ors had gathe re d stre ngth and had not only b e come pow e rful ne ighbours of the
uihlots e but n e G of M war, had co tribut d large ly in cove ring Rajputana with a race of warriors which first showe d its stre ngth in joining th e G uih lots in offe ring a de spe rate re sistanc e to th e founding of th e Turk powe r
’ in n and e A kbar s me I dia , which lat r ( ti ) had to b e w ooe d and w on ove r be fore that powe r
e in th e n W e h could strik root cou try . hil t e K ac hh w ah as had brought unde r the ir control th e whole of D h undh ar (no w Jaipu r State )
and e m e e n m had mad A b r a pow rful ki gdo , th e Rath ors had not only founde d Jodhpur
1 4 a d 1 5 1 5 A . D . 5 8 n e e (S . , ) firmly stablish d , e e e in and e es th ms lv s Pali , Sojat oth r plac , 47 mabarana sanga. but had spre ad ove r and tak e n posse ssion of th e e o f th e n Jan lu n e whol cou try of g , fou d d D . 1 d Bikane r (A . 488) an Chapar D ronapur 1 h D . T . 5 26 A . e R ath ors e (S , occupi d th e e W e e n n th e whol of st r Rajputa a, with B hattis in th e e xtre me w e st and south we st : th e K ach hw ah as we re in Ambe r and w e re in posse ssio n of th e country up to
Me wat and th e south - we ste rn borde rs of th e
n e th e e e ne Pa jab , whil ast was v ry arly all
n e th e uihl ot e a domi at d by G s of M w r .
O ne of th e e arlie st acts of Sanga afte r his acc e ssion to th e throne was to re ward handsome ly th e se rvic e s re nde re d to him
n th e hi by Rao Karam Cha d , Parmar C ef
T n n e e the of Srinagar . h e Mahara a co f rr d fie f of Ajm e r on him and e nrolle d him amongst th e noble s of the first rank in
Me war .
e e n n a e n Soon aft r his acc ssio , Sa g b ga to consolidate his dominions and re cove r what had be longe d to Me war but had be e n lost
’ during the parricide s re ign and not re cove re d by Rai Mal . 48 m 5 11 abarana 5 95 .
” 1 t n not Gove rnm e n of I dia . Had a small i ncide nt occurre d on th e fie ld of Khanua on l D 1 th n n h A . 5 2 e 6t . 7 March , crow of I dia might again hav e e ncircle d th e brow of a
n and th e nne e e e n Hi du , ba r of supr macy b transfe rre d from I ndraprastha to th e b attle n me ts of Chitor .
The e arly part of th e sixte e nth ce ntury witne s se d th e rapid de cay of th e Pathan powe r i e n Th e n n N orth r I ndia . Lodi dy asty had
e e e th e a ads e Th e fanati succ d d S yy at D lhi . cal Sikande r transfe rre d th e se at of gove rn
e n e e n n in m t to a mor c tral positio , Agra, th e vain hope of stre ngthe ning th e faili ng
e of th e n e in n n sin ws Patha pow r Hi dusta ,
Th e e n e e . which was crumbli g to pi c s cru lty ,
’ distrustfulne ss and oppre ssion of Sikande r s s on Ibrahim l e d to nume rous re volts in his
n n and the me e domi io s , ti was favourabl for th e de signs of a vigorous monarch like
an a e e e e e e m e S g . M war littl dr ad d th s i p rial ‘ e e n A murath A murath pupp ts , wh to
’ 1 rs kin s H tor o I n ia V ol I 46 e is d . . 9 W . E y f , , p . . 2 ’ a t V l I T s as han 0. o R o . . 30 d j , . , p 50 mabarana 5 5 1195 .
’ e e e and e n n e ne succ d d , wh four ki gs r ig d ” 1 a e e n simult n ously be tw e n D e lhi and B e are s .
Th e n m i A. D n e n . ki gdo of Malwa, fou d d
1 401 n now e by Dilawar Kha Ghori , was , aft r ’ n e n e e n e e n o ly a c tury s xist c , tott ri g to its fall . The crue lty and incapacity of N asiruddin had
e th e n e and th e n n disgust d obl s , admi istratio N a n had be come w e ak and ine fficie nt . siruddi 2 e e i 1 A s e n 5 1 1 D . on was succ d d . by his ,
e th e e Mahmud I I , who lack d all qualiti s of
n e e e e and a ki g xc pt p rsonal courag , who conse que ntly brough t about th e downfall of that kingdom .
A D in . Th e an e a n e . Sult at of Gujar t, fou d d 3 1 407 th e n n e n by Hi du co v rt , Zafar Kha , was a small principality . Whe n se parate d
e th e ne w n n from D lhi , ki g had but a arrow
e o th e O n th e n - e e e t rritory n plain. orth w st w r th e inde pe nde nt Rajas of Jalor and Sirohi from whom h e occasionally le vie d contri
u Th e n e n . b tio s Raja of Idar , a oth r Rajput
e in e n th e e e p r inc , was poss ssio of w st rn
1 ’ 299 . T Ra a sthan V ol I . o s . d j , . , p 9 ’ Ma or Luard s Biblio ra h et a . 70. j g p y, , p 3 ’ a l e s Histor o Gu arat 84. B y y y f j , p 5 1 mabarana 5 5 1193.
the The e and part of hills , r st of the hilly fore st tract was he ld by the mou ntain tribe s
and li n e of Bhils Ko s , amo g whom som Raj
n e nne e e put pri c s, mostly co ct d with M war ,
e e Th e e n n had also founde d p tty Stat s . p i sula was in th e hands of ni ne or te n Hindu tribe s W h o had mostly come from Cutch and Sindh
e at diffe re nt p e riods som e ce nturie s be for .
Th e e e n th e n a r al poss ssio s of ki gs of Gujar t,
e e e n n e th e n e e e n th r for , o ly i clud d plai b tw the and th e se a and e e n the hills , v of that e aste rn part b e longe d to an i nde p e nde nt Raja
e i h e h am ané r who re sid d n t hill fort of C p .
O n th e e n th e a e oth r ha d , Gujar t t rritory stre tche d along th e s e a to th e south - e ast so as to include th e city of Surat and some 1 th e nt y b e n it Th e n of cou r yo d . Sulta s
n ne e e th e n mai tai d th ir pow r, as Hi du Rajas
we re all disunite d . Although none of th e latte r was strong e nough to drive out th e
n a s o e e e e s e Sulta from Gujar t , pow rful w r th Rajas that th e Sultan had at tim e s to use all th e re sourc e s of his ki ngdom to subdue
e e ve n on of the m . If the y had com
1 ’ El hinstone s Hi t o ia 6 3 i ion s or I nd 7 . t p y f , p . (Ed of 185 7
62 mabarana 5 31193.
bine d th e e e e e to , Sultanat would hav c as d e xist .
W e n an a e th e ne the h S g cam to thro , Sultanate of Gujarat was at the me ridian of
its powe r and prospe rity . Mahmud Shah
’ B e ara s e n n e and g r ig was drawi g to a clos , it
s on ff was with his , Muza ar Shah II , who 1 D . 5 2 e ne A . 6 an a r ig d till , that S g had to
wage wars . It was through Idar that Sanga
e n th e n a cam into collisio with Sulta of Gujar t .
t e e m a Idar, as s at d abov , is a s all R thor Rajput principality situate d on th e borde rs of
a . e n e e n Gujar t Its rul r, Rao Bha , di d , l avi g
and n . two so s, Suraj Mal Bhim Suraj Mal succe e de d to the throne but di e d afte r a reign
1 8 n e n m n son of mo ths , l avi g a i or Rai Mal ,
e e . H e e e who b cam Rao of Idar was , how v r,
e e h 1 e th e ne d pos d by B im , who usurp d thro .
f e Rai Mal le d to Chitor for she lt r . Bhim
fe w e son dying a days aft r this, his Bhar
Ma M al e e . l , b cam Rao of Idar Rai on growing up to manhood claim ed his patri
n th e n e mo y , and with assista c of Maharana
‘ ’ e Ra s Mala 290 8 8 edition 1 7 . A . For s . K b , p ( ) 5 3 mabarana 5 5 1195 .
a a 1 A D 1 5 1 4 e ned S ng , about . . , r gai Idar,
e e n e e e xp lli g Bhar Mal , who app al d for h lp to Sultan Muzaffar 2 of Gujarat Th e Sultan at th e tim e was on th e borde rs of Malwa watching de ve lopm e nts in that
W n h e e n country . he t voys of Bhar Mal
e e ff h e e n N m- ul - r ach d Muza ar , s t iza mulk with an army to re instate Bhar Mal on th e
e Mir at- i- sikandari ga di of Idar . Th says “i 1 D . 1 n A . 5 that 7, Rai Mal fought with th e Gujarat armi e s and was som e time s de fe at ” 3 F e risht e d and some time s victorious . a says that Rai Mal was de fe ate d and that he
h B i a a r 4 re tire d to t e hilly tract of j n ga .
Nizam - ul - mulk afte r re instating Bhar Mal
on th e a di e n in g of Idar, w t pursuit of Rai
e th e Mal . Rai Mal issu d from hills and h attacke d th e Guj arat army . I n t e battle that
e N - ul - se e e took plac , izam mulk was v r ly 5 d e fe ate d and his be st office rs and soldie rs
1 ’ ’ a l e u a rat 25 2 ri s Fe rishta V ol s G . . B y y j , p . B gg , I V 83 . , p . .
2 ’ ri s F rish a V ol I V 83 Ha s Ma l a e t . . B gg , . . , p , 293 p . . 3 ’ a le s Gu arat 25 3 B y y j , p . .
F rish ol I V 83. e ta V . , . , p .
3 Mala 294 e rish V ol . I V . 8 al so Ras . . F ta, . , p , p 5 4 mabarana 5 5 1195 .
Th e n e e n e e we re slam . Sulta th r upo r call d
- - Nizam ul mulk to Ahmadabad .
I n A D 1 5 1 7 e the . . , Rai Mal, assist d by l - e M ah arana re e nte re d th e Idar t rritory . The Sultan of Gujarat se nt his ge ne ral Zahir
l - e u n . mulk , with a larg army agai st him
- ul - e e e Zahir mulk was , how v r, attack d by Rai 2 and e e e e Mal d f at d with gr at slaughte r .
Zahir - ul - mulk w as kill e d at th e he ad of his
’ cavalry and th e Sultan s army fle d to Guja
a h e n - - r t . T no w e n N ul Sulta s t asrat mulk, but h e too faile d to achi e ve any succe ss
n t w h o n n e e agai s Rai Mal , co ti u d to ravag th e country .
’ ’ Sh aml d . a das an Bri s Fe rishta K y gg ,
2 ’ A . K . or e s Ras Ma la 294. F b , p . 5 6 T CHAP ER VI .
W AR wrrn S ULTAN IBRA HIM Loni .
O N th e de ath of Sultan Sikande r Lodi
in . 1 5 1 s m A D . 7 on e e e , his Ibrahi succ d d
H e w as e n e i t n t him . gag d n put i g down h e
’ e his n e e n ne san a r volts of obl s , wh ws of g s
H e e e ncroachme nts re ache d him . pre par d
e an army and march d against Me war . Th e Maharana advanc e d to me e t him and the two armie s me t ne ar th e village of Khatoli o n t aravati ra ti Th e h e borde rs of H (H a o ) . De lhi army could not stand the onslaught of th e
s and e fi n ahars Rajput , aft r a ght lasti g two p
5 e and fle d e ( hours) , it gav way , follow d by the n e e n n e Sulta hims lf, l avi g a Lodi pri c
a a Th e prisone r in th e hands of S ng . princ e was re le ase d afte r a fe w days on payme nt of th n n . I n e e a ra som this battl , Mahara a lost
e arm and an his l ft by a sword cut, arrow
a e m d him lame for life .
1 ’ 271 . D uffs hronolo o I ndia . C gy f , p 56
ma a n b ra a 5 5 1195 .
th e n e m in due H e gra d ass bly form . was
e e e o n e n th duly gr t d his try into e Darbar . But contrary to th e usual practic e of
r n nd n the e aisi g both ha s o ly up to ch st , as is the e stablishe d custom of th e kings
e w th e M n e h is of M ar, ahara a rais d right hand up to th e h e ad and bow e d to those
e e h a pr s nt . T e whole asse mbly w s fille d w n me n w w as n e a e ith asto ish t, hich i cr s d w e n o n th e n e n e e h , obl s taki g th ir accustom d se the n ns e n ats , Mahara a i t ad of occu pyi g th e ne his se a o n th e royal thro , took t f e W s e e th e e n e s . loor, lik oth r obl hi p rs fi ll d
s e n e s hall , om goi g so far as to sugg t that l o ng illne ss had affe cte d th e mind of the n Maharana . At last Rawa t Ratan Si gh of
‘ t due e s e e n e Salumbar, wi h r p ct, quir d of th e Maharana th e re as o n of his re turni ng the ir gre e tings in an unusual manne r and o f
n his se e th e t ne and s taki g at b low hro , thu ac ting against th e e stablishe d u sage s of th e d w n. On th e n an cro this , Mahara a got up , raising his voice so as to mak e it audible to th ose s itting in th e furthe st corne rs of th e hall de clar e d that it was an anci e nt and we ll - e stablish e d rule in India that whe n as an idol was injure d and a part of it
n off e e be e k ocke d , it c as d to a fit obj ct of
i n e one n e in worsh p , and a oth r was i stall d its
th e ne e n place . Similarly , royal thro b i g
th e e e a place of worship for p opl , its occupant should also be a pe rson who is e ntire and w h o is able to re nde r full se rvice to th e State ; that h e had lost one arm and
th e use le in n an e e full of a g , additio to y , and e e e in ow n n n no was th r for , his opi io , longe r fit to occupy th e throne to which all
e H e n e e n e e e th e did homag . co s qu tly r qu st d whole asse mbly to e le ct as the ir sove re ign o ne whom th e y conside re d a fit pe rson to
e e n and fill that xalt d positio , to bestow
n an a e n e n n e upo him (S g ) suitabl mai t a c , so
h e n n e e e sdmants that might co ti u , lik oth r (warrior noble s) to se rve th e State for th e
e e r st of his lif .
O n e n the e e n s h ari g this , ass mbl d ki g and chie fs submi tte d that th e he roic Maha
rana had re ce ive d injurie s on a fi e ld o f
e e e h e h ad he and battl , wh r by roism valour, de fe ate d th e e ne my and won victory for
e and e e e not M war, that he had , th r for , lost 5 9 matarana 5 5 1195 .
n e e ne anythi g , but had b com ador d with
a e and n e e n e th e e l ur ls , was, in co s qu c , fitt st pe rson to e nhance th e glory of that e xalte d
e e e V iramde va e thron . Th r upon Raja of M rta
e e and n a a and oth r chi fs got up , taki g S ng by
l e o th e n e ne the hand p ac d him n u occupi d thro .
The re sourc e s of Ibrahim w e re so crip pled by this war with S anga that h e could not rene w the conte st for som e tim e How
e h e e n e e e be ver, car fully urs d his d sir to revenge d on Maharana Sanga for th e disast
e e nf e th e e rous d f at i lict d by latt r at Khatoli .
e n t h e e e n And wh r b llio of Islam Khan,
e e n which had assum d s rious proportio s , was
e e d th e n e e e suppr ss , Sulta b gan to pr par an army to attack M e war The fore most
e ne th e n M n g rals of ki gdom , ian Husai
Z ar n n anan Khan Bakhsh , Mia Kha Kh “ F armuli and Mian Maruf who we re th e chie f commande rs in th e army of Sultan ” “ Sikande r and we re th e brave st me n of th e age and could have instructe d ” 1 e ve n Rustam in th e art of war le d
e e n n n this xp ditio , with Mia Makha as
1 ’ lli t s His ia V V 16 o tor o l nd ol . . E y f , . , p . 60 mabarana 55 1195 .
- - e W e n e e commande r in chi f. h this army r ach d ’ th e M ah arana s territory th e Maharana
e advance d with his Rajputs . As th two armi e s cam e in sight of e ach othe r ne ar l Dh ol ur n e p , Mia Makhan mad dispositions
e n and i for the battl . Said Kha Furat Haj
n e e n e e e on Kha with hors m , w r plac d th e and n n right Daulat Kha , Allahdad Kha
h e and n n e t e e n . . Yusuf Kha comma d d c tr
’ Th e Sultan s army w as fully pre pare d to
e th e an e T giv Mahar a a warm r ce ption . he
a t e e R jpu s, with th ir accustom d valour ,
’ e on the n and advanced and f ll Sulta s army ,
e th e e ne in a short tim put my to flight . “ Many brave and worthy me n we re made ” 2 and th e martyrs othe rs we re scatte re d . A t . 1 5 D 1 . This battle took place abou . 8
Th e Rajputs pursue d th e fl e e ing re m ’ 8 n h n B ana ants of t e Sulta s army up to y .
1 ’ s His o I ia V ol rs kin tor nd I . 48 e . 0. E y f , , p . 9 ’ Tarikhi Sal atini Afghana in Elliot s History ia V l V o nd o 19 . f l , . . , p .
‘
Tarikhi D audi . Th e Ta rikhi Sal a tini A hana sa s th at e ore the attle Mia n H use in fg y b f b , ’ Khan se parate d from the S ultan s army with a thousan horse me n and oine the Rana b ut that d j d , he bill ise lf did not tak e art in th e attle thou h p b , g 61 By this victory all that part of Malwa which had be e n usurpe d by Muhammad Shah
n n e e an (Sahib Kha ), you g r broth r of Sult
i n n h is Mahmud Khilj I I of Ma du , duri g
e e n i n e subse r b llio aga st his broth r , and had que ntly be e n take n posse ssion of by Sultan
n e e Sika d r Lodi , fath r of Sultan Ibrahim ,
n the n now fe ll i to ha ds of th e Maharana . Chande ri was one of th e many place s w hich fe ll into th e hands of the Mah a 1 n e e d on e n ra a , who b stow it M d i Rai .
his e le hants w e re isi le and that a te r the p v b , f a ttle he se nt a me ssa e re roachin Mian Maru b g p g f , “ saying : I t is a h und re d pities that h orse ” me n should have bee n de fe ate d by so fe w Hindus ’ l His r fI n ia V ol V r liot s to o . a e I t urthe (E y d , , p g f ’ state s that w hile the Maharana s army w as re j oicing and amusin itse l a te r the ic tor Mian H use in g f f v y , , a no w oine Mian M ru , re fidiousl e ll u on j d by , f p y f p
it and route d it . The Ta rikhi D a u di and Wakia t ’ Ma shtaki ho w e e r mak e no me ntion of this tre ache , v , rous attac k w hich in ie w of the ac t that , v f the se me n had onl a small ollowin of th e ir ow n y f g , can har l be e lie e to ha e tak e n la The d y b v d v p ce . . fact that the Maharana obtained as a re sult of the w ar a l ar e art of Malw a and tracts u to B ana g p p y , b l i s his se co n at a k A nd th a ha ul an e e t d t c . e f c t t t S t I brahim Lodi had Mian H use in assassinated shortly a te r at Chan e ri and a e re w ar s to the assas sins f d g v d , ur he r ne ati es the at a k f t g v t c . 1 ’ Ers k ine s His tor o I ndia V ol I a e 480 y f , . , p g . 62 CHAPTER VII .
CAPTU RE or MALWA AND S ULTAN
MAHMUD KHILJI I I .
I N e ve e n w e e n e Malwa , d lopm ts r taki g plac w hich soon brought about th e downfall i e an m n n of th Path o archy of that cou try . Though Sultan Mahmud Khilji I I was o n th e ne th e e e in thro , r al pow r was th e hands of a cliqu e of Mussalman nobl e s who wi sh e d to ke e p Mahmud a ‘ e i e ne e pupp t n th ir hands . The ir domi ring conduct towards th e king made him fe ar
e and e n e e n e n for his lif , wh th y b ga op ly to h fl h e e e d m n . d fy him , fro Ma du T is was t n an e Th e n e he sig al for op n re volt . obl s
e e M ahafiz n e th e h ad d by Kha , plac d crown on th e e e n e h ad of his broth r pri c , Sahib
n and e n of Kha , proclaim d him Sulta
w n w e . e Mal a Raja M d i Rai , a po rful Rajput
’ e n me th e n chi ftai of Malwa , ca to Sulta s
1 ’ ri i h V I V 46 s e r s ta ol . 2 B gg F , , p . . 63 mabarana 5 5 1195 .
e H e n . e e assista c was follow d by oth rs . Th e king owe d his life and his throne to th e fide lity and chivalry of Medni
’ now e th e n Rai , who becam Sulta s com
n e - i - W n ma d r n chie f. h e Sultan Mahmud m e th e h e w as e arch d towards capital , oppos d
th e e e e e e n e by r b l forc s , h ad d by Pri c Sahib “ ” The n. e th e n Kha fat of actio , says “ " F e rishta e e n e e the , was v tually d cid d by gallant conduct of Me dni Rai and th e
n n e e e Rajput i fa try , who pr s rv d a compact
n and e and e e phala x , with sp ars dagg rs brok
” the e ne m e n e y . M d i Rai is said to hav
2 raise d a force of forty thousand Rajputs n Th to h e lp th e Sulta . e Sultan regai ne d his kingdom with th e assistance of
e n now e me e M d i Rai , who b ca Prim
H e not n e e Ministe r of Malwa . o ly r duc d th e re be l noble s to submission but e stab lishe d th e authority of th e king through
h e me e e out t kingdom. So of th s dis
ffe e e n e o his n e n a ct d p rso s , j al us of i cr asi g
e and e e and e se n n the pow r pr stig , r ti g
1 ’ ri s Fe rish ta V ol . I V a e 248. B gg , , p g 3 ’ a l e s Gu arat a e 247 ootno te . B y y j , p g , f 64 mabarana 5 5 1195 .
n e n e n ne Sika d r Kha , gov r or of Bhilsa, joi d ’ th e re be llion and be gan to plunde r th e country .
W n m e e ith co sum at ability, Raja M dni
e e n n e Rai ov rcam all oppositio , va quish d th e c omb l nation of th e Sultans of Gujarat and De lhi and e xtricate d Mal wa from the difficultie s that thus surrounde d it . Dire cting Malik Lado to oppose Sikande r of
s e n e n e Bhil a , M d i Rai march d , accompa i d
n n th e e by Sulta Mahmud , agai st forc s
a e e of Gujar t, which had arriv d not v ry far
e from Mandu . Muzaffar Shah was attack d
e e e e e and and d f at d with gr at slaught r,
2 fle d m Th at to Ah adabad. e Sultan of Gujar
e n e e n n e b i g thus dispos d of, M d i Rai adva c d
th e n e n e e to attack Cha d ri co f d rate s . His diplomacy no le ss than his ge ne ralship e ve ntually de fe ate d th e de signs of th e
e e t r b ls . H e ari ng of h e advance of the u n n e Malwa troops, S lta Sika d r Lodi ,
n e s e m e th e e u abl to par or troops at tim ,
1 ’ ri s F e rish a V l V t o I a e 25 4. B gg , , p g 2 ’ ri s F V V e rishta ol I a e 25 4. B gg , . , p g 66 e orde re d his continge nt to fall back on D lhi . ’ r n e n e n e M uh afiz P i c Sahib Kha s forc s , u d r
n and n e Kha Khwaja Jaha , march d by
a circuitous route to inve st Mandu . Me dni Rai se nt a large forc e of Rajputs
O e e e e to ppos it. A battl took plac n ar
N a in M uh afiz n le alch , which Kha was kil d h ” 1 and t e re be ls we re compl e te ly de fe ate d . at Khan and Sahib Khan no w sued
e e n e . n p ac , which was gra t d Raise , Bhilsa and Dhamoni w e re give n to
K e Sahib han for mainte nance . To re lie v
e e n te n his imm diat wa ts, a sum of lakhs
2 e n the n e of tunkas was s t to pri c , which ,
e e as e e B oh at w e n. how v r , mb zzl d by j Kha This occasion e d an ope n quarre l be twe e n the n e and n e and pri c his mi ist r, Khan was force d to fle e to th e D e lhi
n e n n n Court . Pri c Sahib Kha dyi g soo
e n son w as a e n aft r, his mi or t k away
e n n e to D lhi by Sulta Sika d r Lodi , who se nt his office rs to take up th e adminis
1 ’ V h a I V 6 . ri s F e ris t ol . a e 25 B gg , , p g
’ 9 V a 2 ri s Fe rishta V ol . I e 5 6 . The B , , p “ gg g
a s hat 1 1 lakh s w e re se nt Mu ntakhabu l Taw arikh s y t . 67 maharana 5 5 1195 .
1 tration of th e province of Chande ri under
e e n e e n th e D lhi G ov r m nt. M d i Rai thus vanquishe d th e e ne mie s of Sultan Mahmud Khilj i and s e cure d for him undispute d i “ su re n c p a y in Malwa .
Th e disappointe d and de fe ate d noble s now began to sow distrust in th e mind of Sultan Mahmud h imse lf and to poison his mind
e u e e e far against M e dni Rai . Th y s cc d d so as to pe rsuade that we ak and incapable rul e r to e mb ark on th e assassination of his be ne factor
h Th e n and chie f support to his t rone . Sulta mad e the atte mpt but faile d to achie ve
e e n e e n e his obj ct . M d i Rai scap d wou d d to his re side nce The army calle d upon
e n e e th e n e n M d i Rai to d pos ki g , but M d i Rai not only forgave Sultan Mahmud
1 ’ r kin s H tor n ia V ol I a E s e is o I d . e 480 y f , , p g .
9 “ Mr rs kine sa s Me ni Rai w as a . E y d v r is in uish his im H had e y d t g e d pe rsonage in t e . e bee n the me ans of pl acing and confi rming the re i nin kin u ltan Mah mu hil i on the th rone g g g, S d K j , cf Man u and su orte h s R a u ts h ad d pp d by i jp , e eate arious re te n e rs to the c ro w n in l oo d f d v p d , b dy ” le s — Histor o I ndia V ol I a e 48 batt . . 0. y f , , p g 68 mabarana 5 5 1195 .
1 o e hi but ofie re d to continue t serv m. 2 Th e e n e e e f n w ak Sulta , how v r, l t Ma du
W t e e and fle d towards Guj arat . ith h h lp of n e n h e e e a Rajput am d Kish a , r ach d th e v e B hakorah on th e n e illag of , fro ti rs
at e e th e G u a e n of Gujar , wh r jar t gov r or of D oh ud re ce ive d him hospitably and re porte d th e matte r to Sultan Muzaffar
Th e l te e n Shah at Ahmadabad . at r s t “ Mahmud the white canopy and th e ” e n n and scarl t pavilio , sig s of royalty ,
a n e e co sid rabl body of troops . I n a fe w
' an M uz aflar e days, Sult himse lf follow d with his army to re instate Mahmud on n his throne . M e d i R ai e xpre sse d his sorrow at th e folly of Mahmud in 8 th e n thus compromising ho our of Malwa,
1 ’ i s F e rishta V l I V a 25 9 r o . e B gg , , , p g .
l bid a e 25 9 . Fe rishta calls the ultan , p g S " a l in he ca ine foo t b t. 3 The Mira ti Sikan da ri says that th o ugh Mahmu fled Me ni Rai ma e no iffe re nce w hat d , d d d ’ e e r in the e x e nse s of M ahmu s h a re m ro isions v p d . P v and cl othe s e r u me s and mone w e re su lie , p f y pp d as e ore and e unuch s atte n e to it as u sual b f , d d . Me d ni Rai de clare d in ope n D urbar that h e had done nothin isl o al and that the sho u l w rite to t he g d y , y d Sul tan to re tu rn and assume care of the co untry and ’ — - a oint anothe r V az ie r. a l e s Gu arat . 262 26 pp B y y j , pp 3. 69 but fi nding that Mahmud was inc orri
ibl e h e e on th e g , l ft a garris in Mandu for de fe nce of th e for t and himse lf we nt to Chitor to appe al to th e Maharana
T e for aid . h e Maharana only promis d to march to his frontiers and await de ve lopm e nts and to se e that no harm was done to Me dni Rai H e re ache d
an e n n Sar gpur, but h ari g that Ma du had fall e n and that Mahmud had again assum e d gove rnme nt h e re turne d with M e dni Rai
e e was n t n e r to Chitor, as th r o hi g furth
b e n H e e . e e e on to do , how ver, b stow d
e n th e ar annahs G a rone M d i Rai p g of g , ’ e and e e e n Chand ri som oth rs . M d i Rai s l s on Bhimra e e e , j, took up his r sid nc at
' r r G ag one . Sultan M uzafla Shah also
re ne a e n n e tur d to Gujar t, l avi g a stro g forc unde r Asaf Khan in Malwa to support
Mahmud Khilji .
Sultan Mahmud was a prince not only we ak and incapable but de void of
1 M hta N ainsi in his Chronicl es sa s that e , y Mah arana Sanga h ad conque re d Chande ri from Baghe la ardhwa Mukand ofB . 70 “13176731121 5 5 1105 .
e n e e and common s s , political for sight
e e th e e e n e judgm nt. Encourag d by pr s c of troops le ft for his prote ction by th e
an a h e e e ne Sult of Gujar t , d t rmi d to
e th e e e n and invad t rritory of M d i Rai ,
= 1 9 e 1 5 75 . 9 2 5 A . . 1 5 in S . (H D ) march d
n rone e n e agai st G ag . As M d i Rai h ld this district along with othe rs as a fie f
n an a the l e e e from Mahara a S g , att r r solv d to punish S ul tan Mahmud for this
’ e : e th e e n tem rity for , whil latt r s co duct towards Me dni Rai gave e vide nce of his
e ne and n e n e ungrat ful ss wa t of s s , this attack on G agro ne showe d that h e was incapable of appre ciating th e forbe arance
and e n the M n and w as r strai t of ahara a , quite unmindful of th e rights of p e ace ful
ne ighbours . Maharana Sanga advance d with a large army from Chitor re inforce d
“ by th e R athors of Me rta unde r Rao
V iramde va and me t , Sultan Mahmud
c n e the a a Khilji , a compa i d by Gujar t auxili ’ rie s unde r Asaf Khan. Th e Sul tan s force s fought brave ly but could not wi thstand th e furious onslaught of th e Rajputs and
ustai e o of s n d a comple te de fe at. M st 71 mabarana 5 5 1195 .
his office rs w e re kille d and th e army w as
’ ne arly a nnihilate d . Asaf Khan s s on was
e and e e kill d , Asaf Khan hims lf sought saf ty n in flight . Sulta Mahmud was take n
ne e e e n Th e priso r, wound d and bl di g . noble Maharana had him re mov e d with
e ow n e e n car to his camp , wh r his wou ds
e e d e e and e w e r car fully r ss d prop rly tre ate d .
H e e n e e w e e was th r mov d to Chitor, h r
h e e ne ne e e r mai d a priso r for thr months .
e f e and Ev ry com ort was provid d for him , wh e n his wounds we re he al e d up and
h e e e e th e - e was r stor d to h alth , high soul d
n m n n n e in Mahara a, with a ag a imity u iqu
th e nn re no t n s e t a als of warfa , o ly him 1 e e e e n n fr but r stor d his domi io s to him , and se nt him to Mand u with a strong
Rajput e scort .
The Maharana use d to tre at Sultan
e e and e n Mahmud with gr at court sy fri dship , so far at tim e s as to mak e him sit on a
1 A poe t says “ W m fre sh vimmi W TGe “hm . “ an a esce n ant of Hammir to ca ture and se t S g , d d , p k a oke and l a for th fre e ings is j p y ee . 72
1115 115 15 115 5 5 1195 .
th e ne . e n thro As a mark of subj ctio , th e Sultan yi e lde d to th e Maharana as nasrana th e j e we lle d crow n a nd be lt le ft as a family he irloom by Sultan
an th e n a. Hosh g , first ki g of Malw The Maharana also ke pt at Chitor a son of the Sultan as hostage for his future good conduct.
It is difficult to characte rise this cle me ncy of the Maharana as a pi e ce of
th e n sound policy . Though historia Abul Fazal give s unstinte d praise to th e Maha
an and N - ud- din A the e r a, izam hmad, bigot d
u Tab ati Akbari e a thor of q , xtols this act as an act of unpre cedented munifice nc e and
e t e magnanimity, y , judg d by its politi cal
s th e e n result , act has prov d i jurious to th e n n t e . atio al cause of h Rajputs A. true
e e n n e Rajput, how v r , is ordi arily i capabl of
a n e t ki g a coldly political vi w of things .
H e e n. i is a h ro, not a politicia Ch valry “ is n ide al his professio . His is to die ” e i n h n e not to w i . T e one w ll battl , it “ aim of a true Rajput is to make his ’ e e s e n e n e m moth r s milk r pl d t, to p rfor 74 1125 115 15 115 5 5 1195 .
dee ds of valour and die a glorious
not w in e l death , to a battl by ski l ,
e n e k strat gy or sche mi g . A tru l: (Hindu warrior) ne v e r hits be low the
h n the and h e w th e n be i d back, arns e emy before h e attacks him Th e ide als that
n e are i i e al urtur his soul sp r tual , not mat ri
th e e e e are not of arth, arthy th y
e a e a e higher, nobl r th n thos which anim t
e n e e m n other rac s or natio s. Th y produc e of sublime characte r but not successful
e e men of busin ss . To spar a prostrate
th e e e th e e foe is cr d of Hindu cavali r, “ sa s ne h e a e s all s y Colo l Tod, and c rri uch
a e r m xims to exc ss . H e e e ks not of the
' grave conseque nce s w hich follow an act
n s e d a w of political i di cretion . H ispl ys he n
e e ne na ver occasion occurs, g rosity , mag nimity and c harity to match his he roism
e an e s a in war, xhibiting utt r di reg rd of e e a e x e self, hoping th r by to le v an e ampl
fe e be m r o a , f li nobly end d , to ad i ed by posterity .
Gene rosity towards a fo e whose e nmity is i l aca h s a re is cha le mp ble , w o e h t d unquen b , 75 1115 115 15 115 5 5 1195 . w e e are h e one is hos id als low, w os aim to e . e m d stroy all who oppos him , to who destruction of an alie n is e njoine d by his an in faith , is act of folly, suicidal
e fle ct and th e e th e its , fatal to caus of
h - e nation. But t e latte r day Hind u judg s an act not by its conse que nce s but only
e e e a by its th or tical charact r . This fat l defe ct in th e characte r of th e Hindus l e d to th e ir political subj e ction to pe ople of much infe rior moral calibre and much
e n e e low r civilizatio , such as thos that cam
th e - e from north w e st . This f ature of his characte r fi nds illustration through
t th e e un n e ou . I f H history cru l i vad r,
Mihir ula e e n se t e e and g , had not b fr sent hom e after his de fe at and capture
n B aladit a Ma adha 5 28 by Ki g y of g , about uddin . h hb D . S a A ; if Ghori, (Muhammad Bin Sam) h ad not be e n libe rate d afte r h is de fe at and capture by th e chivalrous
e r P rith vira in th e n ne e th e emp ro j, i ti s of twe lfth ce ntury ; if Mahmud Khilji I of Mandu had not be e n se t fre e by Maharana
1 440 . D . Kumbha, about A ; if Mahmud Khilji II had not be e n libe rate d and 76 1125 115 15 115 5 5 1195 . escorted back to th e th rone of Mandu
e nd i e a e n . . after his d f at captur , A D 1 5 1 9 ; if th e chivalrous Maharana Raj Singh had not spare d Aurangze b whe n h e w as comple te ly surround e d by the ’ a A u ran z e b s son n e R jputs ; and if g , Pri c
m not e e e t e e Muazza , had b n p rmi t d to d part unmol e ste d whe n at th e absolute m e rcy
of: th e he ir of Me war (Jai Singh) duri ng ’ ’ A urangz e b s thirty y e ars war with the
th e n in Rajputs , history of I dia would all
ro e e ffe e n e p bability hav tak n a di r t cours .
But for re p e ate d instance s of an ill - judge d ” “ n ne the ne . huma ity, says Colo l Tod , thro ofthe Moghuls might have be e n comple te ly v ” 1 o erturne d .
1 Annals a nd An ti u ities o Ra n V q f astha , ol . I j , a e 379 p g . 776 CHAPTER VIII .
nvasi n AND CO N UEST or G U I o Q JARKT.
OWING to his failure to cope with R ai
- l - m e e f u . om Mal , Nasrat ulk was r mov d r ‘ th e gove rnm e nt of Idar by Sultan Muzafiar “ ah e in e l Sh , who appoint d his plac , Ma ik
n a m n e e N - ul - a Husei B h a i , ntitl d izam mulk,
man renowne d for brave ry .
one 1 2 a It is said that day ( 5 0 A . D . ) Bhat (minstre l) e xtolle d th e brave ry and generosity of Maharana Sanga in open ’ Durbar in Nizam - ul - mulk s pre se nce and “ : H e e the of said prot cts Rai Mal , Raja
a and u t e Id r, tho gh you may stay a lit l w e in e e n ome hil Idar, it will v tually c
h e f M l s back into t hands o Rai a . Thi sl ap on th e face of th e governor by a c ommon minstre l rouse d his ange r and he “ cl can an a te c t Rai e x aimed , How S g pro
1 ’ a le s Gu arat 264. B y y j , p. W . n mahara a $5 003.
“ Mal a n e e : W h h e ddi g , H r I sit y does not c ome Th e bard re plie d that h e was c oming
n on N - ul— e d is soo , which izam mulk us d th re s pe ctful language towards e Maharana .
Whe n this incide nt cam e to the know le dge ofthe Maharana h e de cide d to invade Gujarat and punish th e imp e rtine nt gove rnor
' t n M uz aflar of Idar . Sul a Shah of Gujarat on ’ e n e th e Mah arana s n a n b i g appris d of i v sio ,
se n e n e e n n e s - ul - t r i forc m ts u d r A ad mulk ,
n - ui- and Ghazi Kha , Shuja mulk Saif Khan,
- - - to Nizam ul mulk . H e appointe d i am ul
m e n his a ulk , gov r or of capital Ahmadab d,
e th e n and s e e e to b ar bru t , him lf r tir d to ‘ Muhammadabad inste ad of advancing to
me e t th e Maharana .
The Maharana starte d wit h horse
and n n and s n e V a adh i fa try oo arriv d at g , whe re Rawal Udai Singh of Dungarpur him ne e . joi d with h is forc s Rao G angs. of
odh ur me n and V a J p with , Rao ir m
e a e w o d v of M rta ith Rajputs, als ? joine d the Maharana he re From V i gadh
Chamrkul a ha r tm 25 R V C i . ao iramd va. , p . e h ad ’ ’ marrie Rana Rai Me l s au hte r— San a s sis r d d g g te . 79 mabarana same.
th e Maharana cam e down swiftly upon
N - - Idar . izam ui mulk (now e ntitle d Mubariz
’ ulémulk) was alarme d at th e ne ws of Sangas
a n e and e n dva c towards Idar, forg tti g his
fle d th e e e e th e vaunt, to saf r fug of fort of Ahmadnagar Th e Maharana arrive d at
’ Idar th e day following M ubariz - ul - mulk s th flight . Afte r re instating Rai Mal on e 1 ne n thro of Idar, thus re stori g his patri
n th e n e in mo y to him , Mahara a start d
pursuit of Mubariz - ul - mulk and laid si e g e to
na . n e n n Ahmad gar Du g r Si gh Chauha , a
’ notable Rajput office r of th e M ah arana s ’ e army was s riously wound e d in th e assault .
1 The Maharana de molishe d the gre at mosque at
I dar and built a te mpl e in its pl ace . fi r st m fi' fi m m I HT?! 78? m t me: u if“ m W WW W ? I
“ if( i t 1 mm w rz n 0 0 o w e r ul R ana san a oll o w in th e e x am l e ( p f g , f g p of Mokal thou sub u ate th ultans and lis te ne th to t he ir , j g S Th h moli h e th m s ue of h umbl e voice . ou as t d e s d e o q i l l I d ar and built in ts p ac e a te mp e ) . Me hta N ainsi says th at Dunge rsi w as a g re at Ra ut and had re maine in V a adh D un ar u r for jp , d g ( g p ) some time and that Mah arana Sanga confe rre d Bad nor on him He a s that his sons and ne h w s all l os t th e ir . dd p e n live s in th e siege of Ahmad agar . 80 ma barana sauna.
e e e e f ath r b fore th Maharana . This stung
M bariz - ui- the e u mulk to quick , and he halt d on th e furthe r bank of th e rive r that flows
th e and e by fort dr w up his troops, which had bee n re inforce d by the army sent by the
n e Sulta from Ahmadabad, to oppos the ’ a n Mah aran s adva ce . As soon as the
n e h e Mahara a cam to know of it, fell upon 1 i this army and put it to flight . Mubar z
- fle d a ul mulk towards Ahmadab d , but
h e e e fearing pursuit , l ft the dir ct road
e and took a circuitous rout . Asad ul - mulk and o the rs fe e ling th e disgrace involve d in taking such a cours e k e pt on to
n e e e e ed the ordi ary rout , but th y w r pursu
and n th e man e e e n slai to last , th ir l pha ts and e quipage falling into th e hands of the
1 ’ “ A al a a s : T . K . Fo rbe s Raam s y he array of I slam w as rok e n th e ur of R a uts ~ se e ral b by f y jp , v office rs of distinc tion w e re kille d ; Mubariz - ul - mul k himsel w as se e re l w oun e his e le h ants w e re tak e n f v y d d p , and the whole fo rce w as d rive n in c onf usion tow ard s A a a a a a w l un e re h n hm d b d . Sanga R n no p d d t e surrou d ing co untry at his l e isure : b e spare d the Brah mans of W adna ar b ut fin in V isalna ar e e n e a ains t him g , d g g d f d d g , he took it as saul t sl a in the M uhamma an by , y g d o r or H him l e g ve n . aving th us re ve nge d se f for th insul t w hich had e e n offe re to him h e re turne b d , d , ” uno osed C - to hi r. 5 29 . pp , to p. 82 mabaram sauna
’ a s m e Th e a Mah aran com and rs . Maharan 1 took the town of Ahmadnagar and sacked it and carrie d away captive the Mussalman
H e th e ne inhabitants . marched xt day to
e h e e a . n plund r Vadn gar Arrivi g ther ,
fo n the n d a s u d tow inhabite by Brahm n ,
e rs who pray d for prote ction. Their praye were grante d and th e town w as le ft nu
e e e n to mol st d . Th Maharana adva ced
V isalna ar e the e g , kill d gov rnor Hatim ’z Khan in n l an actio that fo lowed , and
n e e the n e n e plu d r d tow . Aft r plu d ring Gujarat a little longe r and finding that the Sultan dared not come to th e protection of
his t n th e subjects, and hinki g that braggart
Nizam - ul - mulk (Mubariz - ul - mulk) h ad b e e n sufiicie ntly punishe d and taught a good
and e the h ad lesson , se ing that Rao of Idar
the a a been restored to his patrimony , M h
rana re turned in triumph to Chitor.
’ arat . 269 . Bayl ey s Guj , p
9 I bid . 83 CHAPTER I ! .
’ FAILUR E or S ULTAN MUZAFFAR SHAH s V O o IN ASI N r M EWAR .
THE Sultan of Guj arat l e ft Muhammada — bad and re turne d to his capital afte r th e
e e e H e Maharana had r turn d to M war . was
e e se e n e e an gri v d to his cou try d vastat d , d n n n be ga to think of ave ngi g its rui . H e set
' e n e d e the about pr pari g a larg army, oubl d
’ a th e e and e m p y of soldi rs , gav th e a ye ar s
s in n e u alary adva c . At last in Muharr m
H. 927 Pos Sud . D . ( S Dece mbe r A .
1 5 2 0 th e e w , Sultan s nt Malik Ayaz ith an
m 100 e e h n and ar y of cavalry , l p a ts 1 a e of e larg park artill ry agai ns t Me war .
n e n n e A oth r army , co sisti g of hors
and 20 e l e phants was se nt unde r i am- u l
m c o - e a e ulk to op r t with Malik Ayaz . Both
e e e to W thes armi s march d Morassa . hile
’ a le s Gu ar t 271 . B y y j a , p . maharana sanga
h e e e m e e e th e l n t ey w r nca p d th r , Su ta , a n th e Ta b a ti Akbari e n ccordi g to q , s t re inforce me nts unde r Taj Khan and Nizam ’ - Th e n e ul mulk . Sulta s army ravag d
n and v n e n Du garpur ad a c d towards Ba swara . Afte r a skirmish be twe e n 200 horse me n
n - ul- and e and u de r Shuja mulk oth rs, some ’ a the s th e n R jputs in hill , Sulta s army advance d and inve ste d th e fort of Mandsaur
’ w e in th e M ah arana s e n in Mal a, th n poss ssio .
The e n the gov r or of fort , Asoka Mal , was
ot T kille d but th e fort did n fall . h e Maharana le ft Chitor with a large army and e th e e N andsa 1 2 cos arriv d at villag of ,
2 4 m e n I the ( il s) from Ma dsaur . n m e an
e n m Mal a tim , Sulta Mah ud Khilji of W arive d from Mandu to assist th e Gujarat
' force s to re pay the de bt h e owe d to Muzafiar
Shah .
The si e ge was pre sse d but no progre ss w a The s made . Maharana w as re inforce d ’ e n and Silhidi by M d i Rai s army , Raja , the e , e n ne h Tuar Chi f of Rais , joi d t e
te n Maharana with thousand cavalry . The
’ “ ' ‘ " Miran; Sikandari says that all the Rajas 85 , Maharana 5 5 1193.
th e nd e th e s or of country rou , w nt to upp t
e n e of th Ra a . Thus on both sid s e normous
force s were ass e m bl e d . But th e e nte rprise
of Malik Ayaz did not advance in conse ‘
que nce of th e ill - fe e li ng e nte rtaine d against he m t . N o s h i by Amirs . progre s
e the e e th e is was mad in si g of fort . It
e an probabl that Sult Mahmud Khilji , who h ad pe rsonal e xpe rie nce of the irre sistible charg e of th e Rajput cavalry warne d the Gujarat ge ne rals of th e impe nding disaster
e and e e e to th ir arms , advis d th m to mak
peace and re turn home . Malik Ayaz fore seeing the ruin of his forces in th e prolongation of th e struggle made pe ace and 1 f on K hil i ur and e u e ll back j p , vent ally a retreate d to Gujar t.
1 The Pe rsian histo rians attribute the opening of pe ace negotiations by Malik Ayaz to ill - fe e lin e tw e e n him and am- ul - mulk the ad itions b i , d conve nient re ason as usual be ing that the Maharana his su m The Mirati Sika offe re d b ission . ndari says that Malik Ayaz w as commande r- inc hie f and w as in command of the main army consisting of c al r and artille r and that am- ul - mul k had onl a y y , i y v . me n un e r him and that the l atte r and ultan d , S ahmu hil i w e re anx ious to fi ht urthe r on it M d K j g . F says that Mahmud Khilji dissuaded i am- ul- mulk from oin a ainst the wishe s of Malik A a who g g g y z , 80 mabarana s auna.
Th e Sultan is said to have re ce ive d Malik Ayaz coldly whe n th e latte r waite d on
Cha ane ri Th e Mira ti Sikandari him at p . says that not only was the Sultan very cold the e e to Ayaz, but that all p opl of I Gujarat calle d him a c ow ard.
Rao Bhar Mal of Idar who had succee de d Rai Mal o utlive d Muzaffar II as well as his
n and and l e sons Sika dar Mahmud II , was a iv i A a n . 1 n D . 5 30 whe Bahadur Shah of Gujar t
w ui c lear hat th r ished to mak e pe ace . I t is th us qte t e e was nothing whate ve r to pre ve nt Malik Ayaz from continui w H how e e r saw the ho e lessne ss n the ar. e g , v , p of ainin a ic to r and ore sa w ho w isastrous w oul g g v y , f d d be his re treat to G uj arat with th e valiant Rajputs urs w i p uing him in a country infe ste d th e ne mie s . 1 ’ a l e s Gu arat a e 275 . This col ne ss B y y j , p g d was natural afte r the signal fail ure of the Malik in the e x e ition which h ad e e n e ntruste to him at p d , b d his ow r a The sta me n of th e Mimi n e nt e ty . te t Sikandari that the S ultan re solve d to invade Me w ar the ne xt e ar b ut a e it u as the Maharana se nt his y g v p, s l h t is nl w on w ith tri ute and e e an s o e e ash . b p , y y ’ Th e Sul tan s re sol ution to in vade Me w ar th e ne xt year is inconsiste nt w ith the all e gatio n that Malik Ayaz ma e a Maharana o fe re su mis ion I d pe ce as the f d b s . f the Maharana had a ree to a tri ute the ro e r g d p y b , p p time f r a w w w as lik o p yme nt as h e n peac e made . Ma ’ Ayaz w o uld have brought it with the Maharane e son and the re w as the n no reason for an col ness , y d tow ards the Malik and no occasion for the eo le to , p p ll a war ca him co d . 87 mabarana sense.
1 e H e ve march d towards Idar . survi d Bahadur
e 1 th e a d e A . 43 a d n D . 5 n Shah di d aft r , had satisfaction of witne ssing th e be ginning of th e fall of th e gre at e ne my kingdom of
Gujarat .
The inhe re nt stre ngth of the Hindus e nable d the m to stand a te mporary oc cu
e pe tion of the ir country . Th y we re ne ve r
e e e e . . compl t ly subdu d or crush d Mr A . K . “ e Ra s Ma la : W e e Forb s in his , says hat v r de e ds of oppre ssion and of blood may have
e e n e n e th e e and e e b act d at tim , how v r th e M uhammadan rule rs may have chose n
e e e the n to b li v , or Muhammada historians
e e e n th e n to be to r pr s t Hi dus a crushed ,
e e e the e n e subdu d p opl , fact r mai s b yond
e t e e s e n n s in te f disput that h ir d c da t , spi o
n e e n n e e ma y a subs qu t da g r, still poss ss the soil of which it was sough t to d e prive the m ; while little but squalid pove rty and
e n n e e e n th e n e tott ri g rui s , r pr s t o c proud ” th e n sway of dy asty of Shah Ahmad .
1 ’ or e s Ras Mal a a e 296 . F b , p g 2 ’ Mal a a 2 or e s Ras e 97. F b , p g 88 mabarana sanga. disse nsions broke ou t be twe e n th e two
th e e . n e n e princ s Bahadur Kha , f ari g pow r
n e e e fe e of Sikandar Kha , d t rmin d to l for ’ I n n e iu s e safe ty . a sw r to Shaikh J nquiry as to what e lse h e de sire d b e side s th e n a n ki gdom of Gujar t, Bahadur Kha said that h e was anxious to wre st th e fort
of Chitor from th e Maharana to ave nge . what th e Maharana had done afte r his “ n e n e n h e e co qu st of Ahmad agar , wh sl w so many Mussalmans and carrie d the ir
” e e e wom n captive . Th e Shaikh b cam ’ e e a e on d e sil nt , but d cl r d , Baha ur s pr ssing
e th e of for a r ply , that fall Chitor was
’ conditional on th e Sultan s own d e struo n tio . Bahadur d e clare d his willi ngne ss 1 t o un e th e f e d rgo sacri ic .
I n 5 . . 1 81 1 5 2 4 e a V S ( A . D . ) Princ B ha dur fle d from Gujarat and took she lte r with
n an a H e not Mahara a S g at Chitor. was asham e d to ask for sh e lte r and hospitality of th e ve ry man whose de struction h e he artily de sire d and w as se cre tly planning to
I ’ a l e s Gu arat a e 305 . B y y j , p g 99 mabarana sanga
h n . T e n n accomplish mag a imous Mahara a, like the chivalrous Rajput that h e w as— nu mindful of the political indiscre tion of pro
e e n e ne e e n th e e a e t ti g mi s , disr gardi g wis ad g
- i s K is .“ a H a it ai e ; “ s il d } ) w g “s (to kill the snake and to nurse its yo ung one is not th e act of a wise man)— re ce ive d th e prince with kind ne ss ” and showe d him all atte ntion . So much kind ne ss was sho w n to him that the Maha
’ ” e o rana s mothe r us d to call him s n. It is re late d that one day a ne phe w of th e Mahara na e nte rtaine d Bahadur Khan at
W e n n o a banque t . hil autch was goi g n one of th e danci ng girls attracte d Baha
’ dur s atte ntion by h e r si ngular beauty
n e and e xquisite dancing . Bahad ur adva c d
e and ne e at h e r e n near r ar r to look , wh
e n e h e r th e host quir d if r e cognise d h e . “ ” n N o and e Bahadur Kha said , ask d who
sh Th e e e sh e e was . host r pli d that was
th e th e azi A n daughte r of qof hmad agar,
‘ e n th e n ke th e azi that wh tow was sac d , g was kille d and his wom e n and daughte rs
we re carrie d off by th e Rajputs . Bahadur
on e n t fle w n e Khan , h ari g his, i to a rag 91 mabarana 5 5 1195 .
’ and attacke d and kille d th e Maharana s nephe w . The Rajputs s urrounde d Baha dur and would have hacke d him to ’ e e th e Mah arana s e e pi c s, but moth r sav d
‘ him by s e nding word to th e Rajputs not 1 Th e n e to injure him . Mahara a forgav the n e n n h e pri c , but fi di g that was
e the e a u e t dislik d by peopl , Bah d r l f Chitor and went away towards Me wat .
n Mu fla e 1 2 Sulta za r Shah di d in S . 5 8
D . ( A . and was succe e de d by his
th e e ldest son Sikandar Khan. During
’ e e ff th e protract d illn ss of Muza ar Shah ,
e in th e e e re S e c two parti s army , h ad d p tive ly by Sikandar Khan and th e ’ n n con Sulta s third son Latif Kha ,
e n e e m a nd on t d d for supr acy , Sikandar
n e n n th e ne n fi ally asc di g thro , Latif Kha
n e e n n fle d and his you g r broth r Cha d Kha , n t n for prote ctio to h e Mahara a . Sikandar
n e n one Kha s t Malik Latif, on whom he n e e th e e co f rr d titl of Sharza Khan ,
e the with an army to captur the m . As
’
a le s Histor o G u arat 305 . B y y y f j , p .
7. I i . 30 b d , p 92
mabarana sanga.
e e n on th e n and thr Sulta s orth , south
e n e and a w st, Sulta s of D lhi , Malwa Gujar t, w e re all de fe ate d and ke pt within their
Th e n th e e e bounds . so g , first two v rs s of “ are e n e e th e which giv b low , giv s popular t I vie w of th e si uation.
n th e e s D e vidan Accordi g to r cord of , the B anana of the Me war royal family
n n 2 8 e e th e Mahara a had as ma y as qu ns , by whom h e had se ve n sons and four
“ ” s s -i ( 1 ) ( Effie at ! W r a e . m fi m w i w w n W ar m -dr i ft m wt m uw
(O n the e ast ( of M e w ar) I b rahim (Lodi) cannot ' advance : Mu zaflar ( of G uj arat) canno t c ome to w ards the w e st : Mahmud Shah (Khilj i) cannot mo ve tow ard s the so uth of Me w ar in t his w a Ma ha ra na an a ( ) y, S g has o un the e e t of the th re e ultans aide Maha b d f S ,
rana Yask F a rakas h T . h ur in h a e 65 . , by B S g , p g
2 ’ A ccording to Ba rw a D e bidan s re cords the que e ns ofMaharana an a w e re : — l Lakh u au hte r ofHa a S g ( ) , d g d K Rao Na r e in h . 2 arme tan au hte r of Ha a b d S g ( ) , d g d
Rao N arbad in h . 3 B ra bai au hte r of Rathor S g ( ) j , d g J dha 4 Balkan war a ma o i. au hte r of Rao Bh r l i. j ( ) , d g j Sh amkanw ar a u h t a e r of H a a ar t Sin h i. y , d g d P b g j Ra w r kan a au h te r of R ao R am Sin h i he ra . j , d g g j K d
Pai kan war au hte r of Ha a R u ra han i. p , d g d d B j Padamkanwar S au hte r of Deora A ai in h i. , d g bb g j mabarana sauna.
Th e e son Bh o ra u e . e da ght rs ld st , j j, who 1 e th e e l e e n had marri d c brat d Mira Bai ,
e n n n e e daught r of Rata Si gh , you g r broth r
V iramde va e e of , Rao of M rta, di d during
’ e his fath e r s life tim .
Piarkanw ar au hte r of inai Sin h i Rathor 9) , d g B g j . 10 R amb akanw ar au hte r of Chand i Tuar l l ( ) , d g j . ( )
D h ankan war a u hte r of R ao han i so n ofR ao Si a i. , d g B j , y j 1 2 Kanw a rabai dau h te r o f Rai Mal i o lanki ( ) , g j S . 3 Ghans ukhdé dau hte r of Ch auhan Khara sén i 1 , g g j . Sa w arb ai a u h te r o f Hada Bar an i 14 . 15 ( ; , d g j gj ( ) a w a r dé au hte r of G O i Deo ra 16 arm t n G a . K e a d g pj ( ) , au hte r of Chauhan hi Sin h i of va adh d g S v g j g . t é au h te r of ol ank i Ridh l i Sul and ma . , d g S j mkanw arbai au hte r of Sankla Jodhs in h i Ra . . d g g j w a u o H a A lz aira i ~ Ra kan ar hte r f a h . 20 Ram j . d g d jj ( )
k anwa r dau h te r of R ao Nath i olanki. 21 Ram , g j S ( ) a h fM ta R a a ank a w kanw ar u te r o o S l . 22 Bha at , d g j , ( ) g k w a u ht r f o la nki Ab ra i 23 k an ar e o . um um , d g S j ( ) K k anw ar au h te r of H a a Ma h o Sin h iw , d g d d g j mkanw ar a u h te r of o l anki R ao ur n Pada S sé . , d g S w r a h e r o f Chauhan Ju ma l i Lal kan a u t . 26 , d g g j ( ) k nw ar a u hte r of Chauhan Ma n Sin h 2 a i. 7 , d g g j ( ) me tanb ai dau hte r of Rao a r i R athor of Cha ar a . K , g S j v d ka w arb ai dau h te r of Rao ha f ar 28 Lad n n o I . ( ) , g B d ’ Maharana an a s sons w e re : - l Bho ra 2 S g ( ) j j, ( ) aran in h 3 Ratan in h 4 Parvat in h K S g , ( ) S g , ( ) S g , r madi a d 5 K rish nadas 6 V ik a t 7 U ai in h . ( ) , ( ) y , ( ) S g 1 Col T d has state Miran Bai to be th e u . o d qe e n f um a This is an rr r um h a w ki h e o . as lle i o K b . K b d n ’ 15 24 A D w ha iran s randfa t a . m h r D u s . a ( . g , d , ’ m Ra a of M rta a t r that e ar Miran a h r e ca e e e . s t e b j f y f , R atan in h w as kil le d in the attle of hanua 5 9 e ars S g , b K y ’ a te r K umbha s de ath and h e r cousin Jaimal at Chitor f , ’ ’ urin A kbar s attac k 99 e ars a te r K u mbha s eath d g , y f d . Miran Bai w as marrie to rinc e Bho ra in 15 3 d P j j S . 7 95 ’ a a e n S ng s s co d son Ratan Singh , by
e e D hankanw ar e Qu n , daughter of Princ
a e e s on B gha, ld st of Rao Suja of Mewar,
no h e - e was w t he ir appar nt . Amongst ’ sangas que e ns we re two daughters of ’
E e n s on N arb ad a a . b da s H d , Raja of Bundi
the e e e K arme tan an a By s cond of th s , , S g
had n V icramadit a two so s , y and Udai Singh . K arme tan e njoye d th e confid e nce and affe c
n an ai e e e tio of S g n a sp cial d gr e . Solicitous of
’ h er n e e sh e e th e na so s w lfar , b gged Mahara
e e and ste to mak provision for th m , sugge d that the fort and pargannah of Ranth am
e n e e bhor ight b giv n to the m as jagir . The Th Maharana grante d th e re quest . e Hadi
e n n n e e que , k owi g w ll that without prop r
s the not b e e e e upport , boys would abl to k p
n e e e a that stro ghold, r qu st d that Hada Sur j
he r e one th e e Mal , broth r, who was of brav st
n h e f th e e and most importa t c i s at tim , might be appoi nte d the ir gu ardian to prote ct the m
e e T an n and th ir state . he Mahar a an ounced
O Miran B ai w rn a u t S 5 5 . o 1 5 A . as o . A D ( b b ( . . 8 and ie in s 3 D 15 46 a Dw k 160 A . . t 149 ) d d . ( ) ar a athiaw ar at which hol lace she h ad e e n res i in (K ) , y p b d g ral ears id ha u r t r for se ve y . V e C t rkula Cha i ra (Histo y f a i i of the Rath or family o Me rta) nd V r V nod. 96
W HILE th e Pathan powe r in India w as
t e e e e tot ering to its fall , th r app ar d in Kabul
e and c a man of xtraordinary ability chara ter , who was de stine d to found one of the
e gr ate st kingdoms of me die val time s . That
ma ahir n was Z uddin Muhammad Babur . Babur was born in the purple and b e longed to a family which had long rule d l e in C ntral Asia . The Ch aghtai Turksfi up
Tara h an e e i to Amir g y , w r Buddhists n
faith . Taraghyan was th e first to e mbrace s H t I lam . e was he fathe r of th e ce le brate d
m e ne Ti ur, or Tam rla , who was born of on 25 n Nagina Khatun Shaba H . 736 l oth A . D . s ( April at Sabz or Ke h ,
1 Colonel Tod th ink s that the re are g round s to asse rt that the Chaghtai Turk s w e re a branch of the Yadava R ajput tribe to which the Jaisalme r family
98 1116173761131 5 5 1193.
30 miles from Samarkand . Tame rlane be
came m l oth A A ir of Bokhara on April . D .
1 370. H e e e of conquer d P rsia , a part b m I n A e . . D 1 3 Ara ia and M sopota ia . 98
he a e n n e inv d d I dia, took and plu dered D lhi ,
and e e e de n r r turn d hom la with ich booty .
Atrar 76 e He died at , mil s from Samarkand ,
1 A H e 1 9 e 405 . D on th F bruary . was a
and e s n and e great tyrant, his oppr s io s depr da
a e m suc tions r atte rs of history . He was
ce e son e ded by his , Miran Shah , whos sixth
M m on , n a m son Sulta fi Mirza, his deathbed ’ placing his son Abu Sayid s hands in those
B e son M R of Ulugh g, of irza Shah ukh,
r n e a a g andso of Timur, rul r of Khoras n, ’ re comm e nded him to Ulugh Khan s proteo 1 n in A 1 42 . D . tion Abu Sayid was bor . 7and became king of Turkistan and Afghanistan
t h a e 25 5 a 1 a t e g of . On Febru ry 469 he be cam e a prisoner in a battle against
an n and as Uz Husai , a Turkoman Chief, w
put to de ath thre e days later . His fourth
son A . D . 145 6 , Umar Shaikh Mirza, born in ,
1 Abu Sayid re paid the kindne ss and generosity of
Ulugh Beg by treachery . n e d th e m n F e r h a a i h rite s all ki gdom of g n ,
D . and continue d to rule it till 1 0 June A.
49 4 e n h e e th e of 1 , wh was kill d by fall a house while amusing himse lf with his tame
e in l e on an pig ons his pa ac , which stood
T e emine nce in th e castle of Akh si. h
- t e e e pige on hous e stood on h e e dg of a. st p cliff ove rhanging th e rive r be low . Its
f un n ve h e e e o datio s ga way , and was pr cipitat d down the cliff along w ith th e building and 1 l on h ki led t e spot . Umar Shaikh left
t e n th e e e Z ahiruddin hr e so s, ld st Muhammad
a th e e n n . B bur, and s co d Jaha gir Mirza
he h r N za w as n u ne . T t i d, asir Mir , by a co c bi
Zahiruddin Muhammad Babur was born
6 1 5 th e on . 888 Muharrum , H ( F bruary,
A . D . m e N a His oth r, Kutlak ig r
a m th e e n s Kh na , was s cond daughter of Yu i
the n n s Khan, gra d Kha of the Moghul , who 2 as e e n n e w a d sc dant of Cha g z Khan . On
’ 1 Erskin His e s tor o I ndia V ol . I 78 y f , , p . . 3 ’ ’ a ur a enealo on th e athe r s si e was a ur B b g gy f d B b , son of U mar haikh Mirz a son ofAbu a i Mir a S , S y d z , the son of Muhamma Mir a the son of Miran hah d z , S , ’ the son ofAmir Timur o k n m h s si r a . n his ot r e K O e g , 100
mabarana 55 1195 .
e m u to o t t perate climate, tho gh exposed vi len
e in e and e e e n h at su mm r s v r cold in wi ter . n in It abou ds corn and fruits , specially the
e th e n e th e p ach , pomegra at , almond and
e “ m lon. Its orchards and gardens were i n celebrated n olde days .
a e e B bur d scribes his fath r as a brave,
o - e n t e r go d humour d pri ce of a swee temp , e le gant and re fine d in his manners and
e n n e e e conv rsatio , fo d of l tt rs , and r markable for e e n h his justic . In his xter al policy e wa s t e and e . ambi ious, r stless unst ady At ’ th e e e e tim of Umar Shaikh s d ath, his lder
n S r brother , Sultan Ahmad Mirza, Ki g of ama
a n e - in- k nd , and Sulta Mirza his broth r law , having combine d to deprive Umar Shaikh
e e e fr m of his littl kingdom , w r marching o
and ffi north and south , it was with di culty ’ and after som e fighting that Babu r s nobles
e th n extricat d e principality from this da ger.
1 5 e a e a At y ars of g , B bur took Samarkand
A n w as e e D . 149 . in Nov mb r . 7 Samarka d one ofthe most ce l e brated and populous cities at
e e e n th e a th e tim . It had b capit l of
" Tamerlane th e Great Babur found the c ity 102 mabarana sauna.
worn out from th e long continuance ofth e blockade ; and th e surrounding country had bee n laid waste by hostile armie s for two succe ssive summe rs His follow e rs be gan
e to de sert him and r turn hom e . A party
a e n n and he d d by Aza Hasa Tambal , de mande d that Babur having take n Samar
d e A nde an and A kh si kan , should giv j to his
n e t e ah an 1r . a you g r bro h r, J g Mirza B bur e s t m d n n r fu e d h e man , upo which Jaha gir
e e e a e b si g d A ndejan. B bur w as s riously ill
th e e O his e e h e n o e at tim . n r cov ry , aba d n d
Samarkand to re lie ve A ndejan. On th e way h e l e arnt that A ndejan h ad bee n surre ndere d th e day h e had le ft Sa mar
e kand . Bab ur says in his m moirs To
e A nde an e n n sav j , I had giv up Samarka d , and now found that I had lost the one with ” e H e out pre se rving th e oth r . was le ft
a without a country nd without followe rs . He says I b ecam e a pre y to v e xation and
e n e h ad b e n e n m lancholy, for si c I e a sover ig
e ne e e e e e n e e princ , I v r b for had b s parat d in this manne r from my country and followe rs ;
and e the n e sinc day I had k own mys lf, I had never experienced such care and suffer 103 i a r now e e ng. B bu r solv d to instigate his
m e n n e n ' n to at r al u cl , Sulta Mahmud Kha ,
de a n a e A n n. e ve e a t k j Sulta Mahmud, r r dy
e e n b e un e e to go wh r a cou try was to pl d r d ,
e A nde an n r march d towards j , but Jaha gi ’ Mirza s me n p e rsuade d him to re turn to his
’ a a n e e re country . B b r s situatio b cam mo “ n de sperate than e ve r . I was ow re duced ” e e e n he to a v ry distr ss d situatio , says ,
e e and we pt a gre at d al . A s cond attempt ’ on Samarkand with Sultan Mahmud s
n e n e a e e assista c havi g fail d, B bur r pair d to
n e and e e the court of his u cl , p rsuad d him to
H e N asukh b ut n e . give him assista c took ,
e n abandone d it and re turned to Khoj d . His
e n a and old se rvant Ali Dost, s t for B bur
an n gave up to him Margh in . Aza Hasan attempted to drive Bab a r out of Marghi
a n e and t nan but faile d . B bur adva c d ook
Th e e e e e n. A nde ja Moghuls , how v r , r volt d ve n e e and de fe ated Babur . E tually a p ac was
the n n made , by which ki gdom was partitio ed
and n i in be tw e e n Babur Jaha gir M rza ,
a d D . n 0 A . Fe bruary 15 0 , it was stipulated
m n and that both should attack Sa arka d,
ucce a u d e e sh ould the y s ed, B b r shoul k p it 104
m aran ab a sanga.
a e fe w e and B bur was l ft with adher nts, “ once more fe lt himse lf in a most de stitute
and e e s n wr tch d ituatio , without army or
u e H e ne not co ntry or hom . k w which way
” a n " to turn. B bur thought of migrati g to
th e e e e e n u r mot r wi lds of Tartary , but v t ally made u p his mind to r e turn towards Samar kand and me e t wha te ve r fortune awaite d
W th e e e f h e him the re . ith gr at st di ficulty trave rse d th e p ass of Sir - e - tak and cam e to
e a e a n Kan. At a littl dist nc from Sam rka d
e ne a n w as Kamb r Ali joi d B bur . Shaiba i e ncampe d with s e ve n or e ight thousand me n ne ar Khwaja Didar and had a garrison of five
e e or six hundr d me n in Samarkand . M hdi
n and e e e n n Sulta oth r adh r ts of Shaiba i , with
t me w e e n e ne b wo n n e . thousa d , r camp d ar y Babur with all his e xe rtions could not muste r
e n 2 40 . N o man mor tha followe rs . ne but a of th e most he roic ardour would ha ve v e nture d to think of e x tricating himse lf from a his difficultie s e xce pt by r e tre at . B bur saw that if h e had any chanc e of re tri e ving h is
ff n b e e e and a airs it could o ly by bold m asur s ,
h e e e ur e Si markand r solv d to s pris , wh ich daring e nterprise offe re d the b est prospe ct 106 mabarana sauce ;
h e m e t e . T e f h e of succ ss first att pt ail d , but
e n e e e e n e e s co d succ d d b yo d his xp ctations .
Th e e e e th e p opl , tir d of barbarous a e e . Uzb ks, hail d B bur with joy Shaibani gallope d up to th e town with a fe w followe rs
’ e n n in B abur s at daybr ak , but fi di g it posse ssion and the whol e population against
m e e e . a hi s lf, r tir d towards Bokhara B bur was at th e time of this he roic e nte rprise in his e e e n e a ne ight th y ar. Though B bur obtai d
’ n n n e Samarka d , Shaiba i Kha s pow r was
e n f n h e e u nbrok . I n a e w mo ths advanc d from Bokhara and took the fort of Dabusi
’ by storm and put B abur s garrison to th e
a e n th e sword . B bur l ft Samarka d to take A 1 . field against him (about May 1 5 0 D . ) Shaibani planne d a night attack which failed:
a e his n B bur divid d army i to four divisions ,
n n and e n e n e co sisti g of right l ft wi gs , c tr and
e T n e . he e ne adva c , and march d forward my
’ e e e e a B ab was r ady to r c iv B bur . ur s le ft
e Th e e ne e n e his was turn d . my th attack d ce ntre in th e re ar and thre w his army into
n . e e e co fusion B abur sustain d a comple te d f at . n 1 0 1 O ly or 5 me n re maine d round him .
a and e r B bur fled, aft r crossing the iver
107. mabarana 5 5 1105 .
e e m a Kohik , r ac h d Sa arkand , which Shaib ni
no e in n e e lost tim i ve sting . Aft r s ve ral ’ e a u e one months bl ockad , B b r capitulat d, of th e articl e s of th e tre aty be i ng th e marriage ’ B abu r s e n e of sist r, Kha zada B gum , with Shaibani part of th e pric e paid for his
e e e unmole st d scap . Thus Samarkand
. n o in e e e 1 5 01 A . was agai l st S pt mb r D .
a no w in n ne e e n e e n B bur , his i t th y ar, driv
n e - f . rom Samarka d , mad for Ilan uti Afte r gre at su fie rings and privations and a
n n e a e stun i g fall from his hors , B bur r ached
e e h e and e and Dizak , wh r had meat br ad “ at H e e : I n fruit to e . says in his m moirs
w e e ne e e n e e my hol lif , I v r joy d mys lf so ” “ ” be e n h e s much . It has my lot, add , “ fi ve e in th e e e four or tim s cours of my lif , to pass in a simil ar manne r from distre ss and
s ffe n e n me n and e e u ri g to joy t as , but this was th e first tim e I had e ve r be e n so
n e and e e n e e th e circumsta c d , most k ly did I f l transition from th e i njurie s of my e ne my
th e n n e n e th e and g awi gs of absolut hu g r, to charms of se curity and th e de lights of ” 1 t e h e pl nty .
1 ’ Erskin Hist r o n ia V l I 5 9 e s o I d o . 1 . y f , , p . 108
"2311767311 6 5 31196.
by l . a r w B bu was ounded by an w e e arrow, ch pi rc d his right thigh ; wh ile r e n ' ambl ridi g up discharge d full on his he ad a furious sabre blow which stunne d him .
Th 0 e sword was th e one which Babur had e e . T pres nt d him h e ste e l cap save d a u B b r, e but his h ad was bruise d . Another sabre fe on e , a stroke ll his quiv r and B bur, to save h s fl ed. , H e e Akhs im elf w nt to i, but was e n e e driv away from th r . With 20 or 30 men h e , e the e ne fled pursu d by my . All his follow ers e e e e n w r l ft b hi d one afte r e anoth r, and at n a e le gth B bur was l ft alone . Two of h is ene my we re gaining n upo him . When the y came within e bowshot, th y calle d out to him to stop, and swore that the y m e ant no harm to him . All thre e passed the night in th e a hills . B bur was e ve ntually dis e e e e H e cov r d th r . was told that Tambal w e e n . a ant d to mak him ki g B bur disbe lie ved th e e e story and r tir d to spe nd the fe w m nts e t e ome y l ft him in re ligious medi t tions and in e a pr paration for th e next H w . e e e orld , how v r , manage d e s to cape, and joined the Moghul khans , who were n Fe r h ana. marching agai st g . Shaibani , how 110 “2 1 373116 11 31 5 3 03.
e a d th e ever, surprised th m n made khans
ne a u e n e 1 5 03 his priso rs, B b r scapi g (Jun )
th e e r to south rn hills of F e gh ana . Babur was compe lle d to wande r as a fugitive and an in th e n n e outlaw hilly cou try , accompa i d by his mothe r and some followe rs . After he had be e n subj e cte d for a ye ar to the
e e me h and uffe i utmost xtr s of ardship s r ng ,
te e e hun d from villag to villag . and from
e n n n n the for st to mou tai , fi di g toils of his
n u and e pursuers closi g aro nd him , s eing that his partisans we re totally dispe rsed
not n e e was e he and a cha c of succ ss l ft, he ld a consul tation with his small but de vot e d band . The ir prosp e cts we re dre ary and
n h e dark , and oppositio to Shaibani was op le ss . H e could not e xpe ct long to se cure e e n e he n n e v his lif , if co ti u d to roam as an adve nture r in a te rritory which he h ad
e w n e onc vainly calle d his o . Young as h
th e e e him H e e was, world was b for . ther fore re solve d to abandon for a time his native country and to court succe ss in
e n n in th e u for ig lands . Accordi gly , s mmer
. 9 10 A . a e of H ( D . B bur bad a e n e n and th e e last adi u to his ativ la d , whol 1 11 Mah arana sanga.
«party se t out to scross the lofty and snow cove re d range of mountains that se parate
Ande an K arata in j from g and Hissar .
Babur was joine d by many pe ople on
h e and h e e th e t way , as march d through
r e h e te ritori s of K usrau Shah , who rul d from K aratagin to Hind ukush and Balkh to
’ h K h usrau s e Badak shan, broth r Baki Cha
n n ne Ba I n fe w all his gha ia i , joi d bur . a days f we e a now e e ollo rs cam to B bur, who r solv d T to conque r Kabul . he city surre nde re d afte r a sie ge of o nly a fe w days in Octobe r
4 D a e e 1 5 0 A . . Thus B bur littl mor than three
n e e n u e e e e mo ths aft r l avi g , as a ho s l ss xil ,
n F e r hana saw e his little ki gdom of g , hims lf sovere ign of the far more e xte nsive and
n and powerful ki gdoms of Kabul Ghazni .
Babur had be e n in Kabul but a short
me e n ti wh Yar Muhammad, a son of Daria
e in n th e Khan of Bh ra , a district ly g beyo d
n s th e h e l um n e I du on south of J , i vit d him
n e to that cou try . Babur th re upon re solved
' a on n incursion i nto India . H e se t out from 10 Kabul in Shaban H . 9 (January and r ac e a a a six a and r in e h d J lal b d in d ys, trave s g 112
M aharana sauna.
what course to adopt in this difficult e mer e nc n g y, it was co side re d hop e l e ss e ve n to
e th e e e n e th e n att mpt d f c of cou try of Kabul , and it was d e cide d to make an inroad i nto
a e th e n Indi to scape e te mp e st . L avi g Kabul
e the e a th e l ate und r charg of Abdul Razz k ,
a th e king , B bur marche d down Kabul rive r
the n h n e e n e e e for I dus . T e i t rv ni g pass s w r
the e e are in poss ssion of Afghan trib s, who
e e e e a robb rs ve n in p ac tim e s . B bur thus “ Sp e aks of the ir attitude : Whe n the y unde r stood that I had abandone d Kabul and was
n n n e n e n e marchi g for Hi dusta , th ir usual i sol c
” n e a e was i cr ase d te nfold . B bur show d fight
the n e e and Afgha s disp e rse d . H arriv d at
Adina ur w e e h e no . p , Jalalabad From h r se nt four divisions to plunde r th e country around and waite d for ne ws from Kabul .
H e n n e n soo he ard that Ka dahar had fall , that it was give n back to the A rgh uns and that Nasir Mirza was allo w e d to de part to
n n re Ghaz i . H e ari g also that Shaibani had
e n e e e turn d to Turkista to qu ll troubl at hom , Babur re turne d to Kabul and assume d th e title
dsh e . of P a ah. Eve n he re h e got no r st
His he w t e Moghul army , to which o e d h 1 14 maharana Sanga
e e and w as throne of Kabul , r volt d , it with the gre ate st difficulty that h e de fe ated th e
h e A . D 1 0 an re be l Moghul c i fs ( . 5 8) d gained — succe ss ove r the m a succe ss to achie ve which his bodily stre ngth and p e rsonal gallantry contribute d not a littl e . His he roism and de spe ration appalle d his e ne mies ” and re animate d his follow e rs .
a now e n e e e e B bur joy d r pos for two y ars. H e the n he ard of th e victory gaine d by the
n e a a m Safvi o Ki g of P rsi , Sh h Is ail , ver l e h Shaibani Kh an at M rv . K an Mirza
the e e e me e n sent w lcom n ws by a ss ger, who trave lle d post haste to inform B abur of the mome ntous happe nings in . th e north and invite d him to re cove r his
a e e n . e n patrimo y B bur start d , and m ti g with
’ 1 n w as e r in l De e a Shaibani s e d v y g orious . f te d in battl e at Mahmudabad of M e rv h e too k sh e lte r w ith 5 00 me n in an incl osure and w h e n re sse h ar the al , p d d y l um e ove r the w all to e sca e tow ar s the ri e r b ut j p d p d v , in oin so e ll in he a s on e ach o th e r hai ani w as d g f p . S b o e rl ai and smothe re th e c row a t r him His v d d by d f e . body w as u ne a rthe d and his he ad w as c ut off and pre se nte to hah I smail Th e skin ofhis h e ad w as stuff d S . e d w ith h a and se nt to ultan a a i the Tu rkish y S B y z d ,
Em e ro r o f Constantino l e . The s ul l se t in ol w as p p k , g d , ma e into a rinkin cu w hich th e hah w as rou of d d g p, S p d is l a in at his re at r ain nt d p y g g e nte t me s . 115 Maharana sauna.
o n e a a n and little ppositio , recov red S m rka d
n n now e Bokhara . His domi io s xtended from th e ‘ de se rts of Tartary to th e limits of
h n e e e a G az i , and compr h nd d Kabul , Gh zni ,
un a n " K duz , Hissar, S marka d , Bokhara
a an e ir m nd e r h an S a . a a F g , Tashk d and K bul
h e e N se Ghazni gav to asir Mirza, him lf
e taking up his re sid nce at Samarkand .
Babur was now in his 29th year ( 1 5 1 1 - 1 2
Like his two pre vious conquests of
one w as Samarkand , this third also of short t dura ion . Babur had re lie d chie fly on the assistance of th e Shah of Pe rsia for his
s e Transoxiana and he e ucc ss in , now adopt d th e Persian dre ss and issue d an orde r to his
th e e the troops to do sam , particularly n n h Persia cap . This ali e ate d t e sym
c th e e e e e pathi s of p opl , who w r orthodox
ie and th e e Sunn s, a storm of Uzb ks gathe ring be yond the Sirr soon poured down
l on th a in al its fury e plains of Bokhara . B bur
e n e f was driv n from Samarka d . H de e nded himse lf at Hissar and se nt for assistance to
h who e e m S ah Ismail , s nt an army und r A ir 116
! I I CHAPTER .
SZNGZ AND EEUH B .
THE acce ssion of Sultan Ibrahim Lodi to
e in A . the ne D . 1 5 17 thro of D lhi , showed the w e ak poi nts of th e Afghan Sultanate of
an n e e Hindust , which was a co g ri s of seve ral virtually inde pe nde nt Pathan principalities
and jagirs .
The crue lty of Ibrahim fille d his re ign
e e n th e n e th e n with r b llio s by obl s of ki gdom . The Sultan posse sse d ne ithe r the tact to th e e e . control th m , nor ability to crush th m
e n a d th e e At l gth , D ulat Khan Lo i, gov rnor
e n e a th e n of Lahor , i vit d B bur, ki g of Kabul ,
e n n a to take poss ssion of Hi dusta . B bur h ad e re this made unsucce ssful atte mpts to take
n H e in autobi a th e Pa jab . says his ogr phy that Maharana S anga had also sent him a me ssage to the e ffe ct th at sho uld h e a n e e e l he an a (B bur) adva c and tak D hi , (S g ) th e w ould take Agra from Lodi king . u s mabarana sauna.
n the n e e a Findi g circumsta c s favourabl , B bur
e th e n and l ft Kabul, took a part of Pa jab
e e . n e s advanc d towards D lhi Circumsta c ,
e e n te e how v r, soo af r wards oblig d him to
e n r tur to Kabul .
I n th e me antime the disse nsions in the Afghan kingdom of D e lhi incre ased and
' rince A l auddin n n n the p , k ow as Alam Kha ,
n e l n m e u cl of Su ta Ibrahi Lodi , r paired to Kabul and i nduce d Babur to he lp him to the ne e n him in e thro of D lhi , promisi g li u of
his n e th e e th e n . assista c , whol of Pa jab
n e e n e Alam Kha r turn d to I dia and , aid d by
’ B abu r s e ne in the n n e g rals Pa jab, adva c d
e e e e and ut towards D lhi , but was d f at d p to
n . a u e flight by Sulta Ibrahim B b r, how ver,
e n th e e e e perc ivi g tim favourabl for his d signs, as Hindustan w as torn asunde r by hop e le ss
e n and e r e th e n diss nsio s rivalri s , c oss d I dus
n me n e e with o ly , which sw ll d to about se ve nty thousand wh e n he came face to face with th e Sultan of D e lhi on the
e e e e n e e th e s c l brat d fi ld of Pa ipat, wh r ove re ignty of Hindustan has be e n so ofte n lost and . e fe w i won Aft r waiting for a days , dur ng 1 19 mabarana sauna
i e a which intr gue was not idl , B bur made
n e on dispositio s for a battl , which took place 29 A 1 5 2 6 A . Th e D w s pril D . e lhi army a
e e and the e d feat d Sultan lost his lif . A
“ e e a e n at w ek aft r this, B bur was crown d ki g
and th kh utb Delhi e a was re ad in his name .
Afte r waiting a fe w months to see if
an a e w h e c S g mov d to ards Agra, advan ed
e e and took poss ssion of it . Agra was th n
an n e o f B ana c only appa ag y , whi h was a place of gre at strate gical and political
n e B ana e n n th e importa c . y had fall i to hands of th e Maharana afte r the de fe at of
and e N n Ibrahim , its rul r, izam Kha , was a vassal of Mewar .
a e e ne e e B bur, how v r, k w v ry w ll that Ibrahim w as not his most formidable op
e th e ponent in India . H e was awar of gre at powe r and pre stige of Maharana Sanga and
e t e kn w tha with him as a n ighbour , his
e e e n e . H e thron stood on v ry sl d r support ,
e e e n e e e ther for , b ga to tak st ps to s cure
e n e a a Hy a . Nizam Khan wish d to pl y B bur
e o and Sanga against each oth r . He t ld s a s Si n s and Babur that he wa va sal of g , m ma arana 5 5 11 3 b 9 .
a e t m e e s w ishe d . B b ur was y or or l s of a strange r to Hindustan and h e wished to consolidate his powe r and po sition by re ducing to submission th e various
Pathan Chie fs and se mi - inde pe nde nt Afghan gove rnors of diffe re nt provic e s of Hindustan be e e n n in s an a for gagi g a war with g , which Babur kne w ve ry w e ll would me an the
’ latte r s sove re ignty of Hi ndustan or a final de fe at of all his hope s and ambitions .
s anga and Babur are th e two out n n i sta di g p e rso nalitie s of th e time n India . Though Sanga was no ordinary Rajput
n ab an e e e ki g , B ur was qually r markabl
e e e pe rsonality . Both w r of about th e sam a a a i D 1 82 and e n n n A . . 4 g . S g was bor i 1 D . 4 . e e n Babur n A . 83 Both we r m of valour and had re ce ive d the ir training in the s e s Th e e e a chool of adv r ity . arly lif of B bur
e e n n n e e had b a co ti uous r cord of troubl , disappointme nt and de fe at ; but of unre mit
n e e - e ne e e ff unfia in ti g toil , v r r w d ort , gg g e ne e e n e and c onfi rgy, gr at p rso al brav ry
t n and de nce . H e had me with so ma y ups
n in h is e t a h e ne e e dow s lif h t v r lost courag , 122 m r na 1 aba a 35 195 .
and was always pre pare d for difficulties and d a is ppointme nts . H is care e r was passe d
n th e th e N th amo gst barbarians of orth, e
d e n and rugge , turbul t treache rous t ribe s of Turkistan and Transoxiana and his hardy
n n his n a e e co stitutio , i domit bl courag , his
e e e e n e and e n e e vari d xp ri c , his gr at k owl dg
me n o of , sto d him in good ste ad whe n h e was Oppose d by th e chivalry of Rajputana a country far in advance of C e ntral Asia
in m n e hu a ity and cultur .
Ba man e s n bur was a of amiabl dispo itio ,
and n u e He was of a joyous at r . was fond of
he e t good things of life . H had some le arning and culture and w as not de void of ge ne rous instincts whe n political cons ide rations did not
A s a d e de h e come into play . a man n a l a r was he ad and shoulde rs above th e chie ftains and noble s who followe d his fortune s in ’ H e n an a e India . was Mahara a S g s qual in courage and de te rmination and not infe rior
i n And h e w as to h m in pe rso al valour . if
e th e n in e inf rior to Mahara a chivalry, h roism , ge nerosity) high minde dnes s and de votion to
1 Not onl y did S i ng: ge ne rously be stow Mand u on the e e ate ultan Mahmu but a e aw a Chitor to d f d S d , g v y 123 mabarana 5 5 1105 . th a n h e s e e dict tes of ho our, was his up rior in circu mS e ction e e e n e me n p , p rs v ra c , judg t ,
d e in ne e n e an abov all , quick ss to tak adva tag
e of e ve ry occasion favourabl to him.
e e e e e n Def at aft r d f at, disast r followi g
as e a e a e e e c dis t r m d B bur wid awak , circumsp t
and . e e e n artful Th y matur d his judgm t , gave him a riche r knowle dge of human nature and pre pare d him to m e e t all e m e rge nci e s .
O n n n e n e e the other ha d , u brok succ ss aft r
n the h e n comi g to t ron , victory followi g
o e an a se - c onfide nce e vict ry , gav S g lf , courag and e e e e o hop , nhanced his pr stig and gl ry , but made him minimize difficulti e s and ne gle ct
e his taking prope r pre cautions . It impair d powe r of prope rly appre ciating th e meaning and the be aring of incide nts and attendant
the K e saria Charan Haridas afte r the vic tory ove r ‘ Mahmud hil i He ri as how e e r re sente the fort K j . d , v , p d re ss a ain Maha rana Th e o ll ow in ve rse s b g to the . f g y Haridas are e x tant in R ajpu tana
Thou 0 ! Rana i st allow the kin s of andu and , , d d g M to re turn home and a st aw a the fortre ss , g ve y B nw a to e Oharan.
' ’ ’ Als o ‘ Fu r fi fl fe t fi mr3 mm ,
‘ Fra fi ' ri' fi fi vft mu 124
A ! CH PTER III .
o K R wrrn ri an . E r H U W A B a BATTL K AN .
I N e e n ns a Ban s his xp ditio agai t B bur . g re c e ive d as sistance from an unexp ec te d
e th e th e quarte r . Aft r fall of Lodi
th e n e f e xe r dynasty , Afgha chi s who c ise d supre me powe r in Hindustan be came appre he nsive of losing the ir position of
n e n e and e e n e ha i flu c pow r , wh th y saw t t,
n e a n e e in u lik Timur, B bur i t nd d to stay I ndia and fou nd a kingdom on th e ruins of
n e . e e e e th e Afgha pow r Th y , th r for , com bine d and be gan to de vise m e ans to drive
. e e th e Turks out of India As , how v r ,
e e and th e e t n Babur h ld D lhi Agra , as er Afghans rallie d round th e standard of n L g ani e e Babur Kha h , whom th y rais d to th e throne of Be har unde r th e 1 n The nam e of Sulta Muhammad Shah .
n n n e e ea ed W e ste r Afgha Co f d racy , h d by
n n e r e Nawab Hasa Kha of M wat, who ul d
’ 1 H s to o I nd l 4 ki s i r ia V o I . 4 3. Ers ne y f , . , p
126 . mabarana 5 5 1193.
at e e the e Alwar, spous d caus of Mahmud
Th e d e n . Lo i , a broth r of Sulta Ibrahim confe de rate s appe ale d to th e Maharana
e the s e to dri v Turk out of I ndia . Th y acknowle dge d him as th e ir s uze rai n and promis e d to gove rn th e country occupie d by the m as his fe udatorie s .
a se n m n a ns t B bur, who had t Hu ayu gai th e e n n n e e on e n East r Afgha Co f d racy , h ari g
n a that Stings. was pre pari g n army to march
n E m e m un e n agai st ya a , wrot to Hu ay to r tur
e s with all availabl troop to Agra . Humayun no t me e ting with s trong opposition in th e e s e r n n e ne a t, aft taki g Jau pur , r tur d to
d ne a Agra an joi d B bur .
th e e e an a Afraid of gr at pow r of S g , Babur no w wishe d to conciliate th e
e e ns and in e n w st rn Afgha , ord r to gai
e e e e an n e ov r th ir l ad r, Has Kha of M wat,
e e his son N ah arkh an w ho r l ase d , had be e n take n prisone r at Panipat afte r th e
e i de fe at of Ibrahim Lodi . Babur s nt h m to his fathe r with a dre ss of honour and an e arne st re qu e st to e spouse his c au se . 127 mabarana 5 5 m.
Muhammad Z e itun and Te tarkhan Sarang
ni e e on e kha w r w ove r . Th y surre n de re d the fo rts of Dholpur and Gwalior to Babur and w e re give n jagirs in othe r places . All the se chie ftains no w came to
e Babur with th ir armi e s .
1 1th e D On A . . 1 5 2 a u F bruary 7, B b r marche d out of A gra to proc e e d against Sanga but halte d a fe w days ne ar the town to colle ct his troop s and ge t his artille ry
in e . H e n e M e dh aku r w e e ord r adva c d to , h r h e had pre viously had w e lls dug for
W e and th e ne e at r , xt day to Fat hpur Sikri , whe re h e e ncampe d and b e gan to fortify his position.
Maharana Sanga starte d from Chitor in with a large army Baisakh S . Pri nce Mahmud Khan L odi w h o had take n s e l e th e n in h t r with Mahara a , was also ’ th e Maharana s army in th e hop e of re cove r m ing th e kingdom lost by his brothe r Ibrahi ’ W e n ne th e M ah arana s v Lodi . h ws of arri al at R anth ambh o re re ache d Babur h e be came
1 ter Kal a Charitru 26 . Char , p . 128 m a n ab ra a sauna.
ul h Jamadi Avval H . T is advance d
e n e e e th e e s guard was tir ly d stroy d , fugitiv carrying to th e mai n body th e accounts
th e e e h e of disast r , which paralys d t ir e ne e and e e e n e n e rgi s , mad th m tr ch for s curity i nste ad of advancing with the confide nce of
s t victory . Re inforc e me nt me th e sam e t ” 1 fate and we re pursue d to h e camp .
“ ne : e e Mr . Erski says Th y had had som
e n n e s th e ts in sharp cou t r with Rajpu , which the y had be e n se ve re ly handle d and taught
e e e ne e ne to r sp ct th ir w my . A party from th e garrison had som e days be fore ih
n e m the cautiously adva c d too far fro fort , whe n th e Rajputs fe ll upon the m and drove
h e n e in ff the m in . All t e troops gag d this a air unite d in be stowing unbounde d praise on th e gallantry and prow e ss of th e e ne my
h e a ht (Rajputs) . I nde e d t J g ai Turks found that the y h ad now to cont e nd with a foe more formidablethan e ithe r th e Afghans or any of the native s of I ndia to whom the y
e e e Th e t e n s . had y b oppo d Rajputs , e ne e n e and rg tic , chivalrous , fo d of battl
’ 1 T h n V l I 303 Ra a t a o . . o s s . . d j , , p 130 a n u m hara a sa na.
e n e n n n i bloodsh d , a imat d by stro g atio al sp rit and l e d on e e e e e by a h ro , w r r ady to me t,
e e th e e e e n th e fac to fac , bold st v t ra s of
and e e e e e camp , w r at all tim s pr par d to lay ” down the ir life for the ir honour .
“ e e e : e Mr . Stanl y Lan Pool says Th ir chivalry and lofty se nse of honour inspire d nobl e r fe ats and sacrifice s than any that w e re
’ conce ive d by B abur s le ss highly - wrought ” 1 s e oldi rs .
in e th e Mir Abdul Aziz , who was charg of
n e e e on e e adva c , had pick ts push d for s v n or
e n e ight mile s . A body of Rajputs f ll upo him “ n me n e e e and ma y of his w r kill d , others take n prisone rs and carrie d off th e fie ld on “ ’ the e n e Th e n e son v ry first o s t . mi ist r s ,
h e h is Mo ib Ali Khalifa , push d forward to
n e and n e e e e assista c , umb rs of s parat hors me n e e e e e e e , as fast as th y w r quipp d , w r
ff th e e e e se nt o at be st of th ir sp d . Mohib Ali
’ n e e n in d e A z iz s fou d v rythi g isord r, Abdul standard take n and many e xce lle nt office rs
n N ot n h e n e n th e slai . o ly was u abl to tur
1 ’ tanl e Lane ool e s B abu r 176 . S y P , p . 131 m n abara a 861195 .
e e n r tid of succ ss but was himself u ho sed, though finally brought off by a de spe rate
’ e charg of his followe rs . B abur s troops we re ” 1 e n s e t m e th pur u d for abou two il s .
To de tach Has an Khan M e w ati from the
h an a r e n e e Ma ar a , B bu had s t a pr datory forc “ into Me wat with orde rs to plunde r th e
n o ff th e n n n cou try , to carry i habita ts i to
and e e n n n ne captivity , to l av othi g u do to ruin th e provinc e . Th e ravag e s we re e xte nde d into many of th e ne ighbouring
th e e e n districts , but r sults of this div rsio
e s did no t answe r his xp e ctation .
Th e e e e s e e th e s r p at d ucc ss s of Rajput , th e une xpe cte d valour and good conduct the y
e and e n e fo r e are display d, th ir umb rs , th y said to have amou nte d to an hundre d and
e n n h e h ad e n s e tw ty thousa d ors , b gu to pr ad ” 2 e di m n th e a visibl scourag e me nt a o g troops .
a n e ne ne p tions e a e B bur agai op d g tia for p c , and e mploy e d th e time thus gaine d to stre ngthe n his position and give his me n
e I tim to re cove r the ir confide nce . n orde r
1 l V I 5 H is o I a l . 46 . Ers kine s tor n di o . y f , , p 2 ’ rs kin s His /o dia V o l I 465 - 6 e r o I n . . E g] f . . . p 132 mabarana 55 1195 .
l e h e h h e had l and e n if , felt t at gross y op ly violated one of th e chi e f principle s of his
e n e n n faith , b i g firmly addict d to dri ki g “ H e n wi ne . o w d e te rmine d to re nounc e this be se tti ng sin in orde r to me rit sup e rior ” e x e h im a aid to tricat from his pe ril . B bur “ in e : On n th e 2 3rd says his M moirs Mo day , ul n e of Jamadi Awwal , I had mou t d to
e andin th e e e surv y my posts , cours of my rid was se ri ously struck with th e re fle ction that I had always re solv e d one tim e or anoth e r to
' e an e fie ctu al e e n n e and e mak r p ta c , that som traces of th e hanke ring afte r a re nunciation of forbidde n works had e ve r re maine d in my h e art : I said to myse lf
Oh my
How lon w ilt thou continue to tak e lea su re in s in g p , ’ m Re pe nte nce is not unpal atable taste it .
Having withdraw n myse lf from such
e n e ne e e n t mptatio , I vow d v r mor to dri k
ne n e n th e and e wi . Havi g s t for gold silv r
le and al l th e t e e n gob ts cups, with o h r ut sils
e n n t e s e e e us d for dri ki g par i , I dir ct d th m to b e e n and e n n e th e use ne brok , r ou c d of wi ,
Th e e th e purifying my mind . fragm nts of gobl e ts and oth e r ute nsils of gold and s ilve r 134 mabarana 5 5 1195
I dire cte d to be divide d amongst de rvishe s ” a s and th e poor . B bur al o vowe d not to cut the e w e ue b ard , but to allo it to grow lik a tr
n. N e a 300 his me n e Mussalma rly of , gr at m and e s e n. small , ad such vow of r formatio
“ ’ The dejg g tion and alarm of Babur a “ s s ne e troops , ay Erski had at this tim
e T n re ach e d the ir xtre m e poi nt . h e contagio ” “ n e h i s ff The had i f cte d e v e n s highe t o ice rs .
e s n th e ne fl d tructio of wi asks , says Tod , w ould appe ar only to have adde d to th e ” I hi e x n n e n n. n s e isti g co st r atio d spair , as a
e a u e e ne e an last r sort, B b r d t rmi d to mak appe al to th e re ligious fe e lings of his follow “ ” e rs e w e . , so pow rful ith all Mosl ms
“ Babur says in his Me moirs : At this
e e e e e in conse tim , as I hav alr ady obs rv d ,
ue nc e e e n e e n ne q of pr c di g v ts , a ge ral conste rnation and alarm pre vaile d among
t e e not he gre at and small . Th r was a
e n single pe rson who utte r d a ma ly word , nor an individual who de live re d a courage
Th V az ie rs e was ous Opinion. e whos duty it to give good co u nse l and the Amirs w ho 135 Maharana sauna
e n e th e w e o f n m ne e joy d alth ki gdo s , ith r s pok e brave ly no r w as th e ir counse l or
” de e n as e e me n mne s portm t such b cam of fir s . ” “ e n t n n e a e n At l g h , co ti u s B bur , obs rvi g th e unive rsal discourage me nt of my troop s a nd th e ir total want of spirit I came to a
n e e re s olution. Havi g call d a ge n ral asse mbly
o s a nd e I re e d e m : f my Amir offic rs , add ss th
‘ ' N oble me n and soldi e rs E ve ry man that
c ome th i nto this w orld is s ubj e ct to dissolu
W e n w e a re ss e w and ne tion . h pa d a ay go
e s O ne a nd n n e e Wh o God surviv , U cha g abl .
v s s n to th e e s l fe e e r it dow f a t of i must ,
is e r n th e e be fore it ov , dri k of cup of d ath .
e h o e s th e inn m ta th e H w arriv at of or lity , w mus t o ne e his orld , day , without fail , tak m de parture from that ansion of sorrow . H ow much be tte r th e n is it to die with w honour than to live ith infamy .
‘ i e me b u t a me a nd if I die I a m co nte n te d G v f , , ’
I f a me b e mine l e t e a th c l aim m o . f , d y b d y
‘ The mos t High God has bee n pre pi
H e no w e in a tions to us . has plac d us such crisis that if w e fal l in the fi e ld w e die the
m t w e e w e se de ath of ar yrs ; if surviv , ri
th e e n e s a e a se . victorious , av g rs of His cr d c u we mabarana 53m.
The a e the n dvis rs of Mahara a , with whom
Silhidi all e was not at popular , dissuad d
a a e n h e e e and th e S ng from acc pti g t s t rms ,
ne ne gotiations finally cam e to an e nd. Colo l Tod says that though th e arrange me nt was ne a e e n e ffe e th e n g tiv d , tr aso had ct d salvatio
a ilhidi e e n th e of B bur . S , s i g that though Maharana had be e n offe re d more than what h e e fo r th e had start d from Chitor to fight , ove rture s we re rej e cte d only be cause h e w as
e e a t and e e th e m dium . H e took it to h r d t r
v mine d to stand in th e way of ictory .
This ill - advise d inactivity of th e Maha rana whil e Babur was coop e d up in his
’ e m e n e ne nca pm t , though partly xplai d by the protracte d ne gotiations for p e ace mad e
I f h e a e e . by B bur , was most d plorabl suppose d that Babur was in th e toils
’ and that e ve ry day s de lay brought with
n e e d n e h e it i cr as da g r to him , should also have conside re d that de lay is always fatal to th e cohesion of a he te roge nous mass like that by which h e was surround
e d a w n ne e , all p rts of which o e d ith r th e sam e patriotic fe e lings by which h e 138 mabarana Santa.
a e no r w e e n the e was ctuat d , r bou d by sam h common int e re st . For th e succe ss of t e
e n e e n op ratio s of a l ad r of such a coalitio , s wift action is a Sine qu a non ! De lay
' give s scop e to th e play of disru ptive forc e s w hic h bri ng c e rtain ruin on th e
e b e in whol ody . Such forc s inhe re com pos its mass e s and are only he ld in che ck by conc e ntrati ng th e a tte ntio n of all on one e n e aim me ns the m e t d fi it , by a ost dir c and e n e all Th asily u d rstood by . e Maha ra na w as surrou nde d by a numbe r of chi e fs w e n e e t s ne e n ed e hos i t r s v r coi cid , who cam
m ffe e n n e s w h o e n e fro di r t provi c , b lo g d to di ffe re nt and ofte n hostile communitie s who
' e e n ffe e in e in life w e re v di r d faith , whos aims diffe re nt and in se ve ral instanc e s co nflicting whose only common tie w as admiration for and confide nce in th e he roic pe rsonality of
th e I n . n s t n th e Mahara a uch a situa io ,
e e e ve s e s m s t s e e ne l ad r to achi ucc s , u po s ss rgy and courag e more than caution and pati e nc e ; bold agg re ssi ve ne ss more than
n and huma ity forbe arance . H e must ke e p th e variou s e leme nts of his army
e m e and e e ne e s d fully ploy d , th ir rgi ire cte d 139 maharana sauce . to achie ving as Spe e dily as possible th e
m n aim. n n e n com o Halti g actio , falt ri g a e n n e t ttitud , waiti g upo tim to do h e w the s are and e ork of word fatal , ntail c e rtain de fe at I f th e Maharana had pos se sse d th e re stl e ss e ne rgy of his e lde r “ " e th e e e - e e th e broth r , v r m morabl , winge d
P rith v1ra h e e had j , or if did poss ss it, shown it in a Spe e dy attack on th e e ntre nch e d
’ a n H ammir s camp of B bur ; or if, with Ra a e e h e e n on th e e e e n n rgy , had fall d j ct d , pa ic strick en follow e r s of th e brave adve nture r
n th e d from Samarka d , Turk (Moghul) y nasty would probably ne ve r have occupie d 1 the ne e and th e thro of D lhi , history of I ndia would hav e run a diffe re nt course
’ Th e Maharana s from what it has done . de lay in comi ng to an action gave time to Babur to i ns til s ome of his o w n courage
e me o w n e of d spair , so of his h roic ardour
n his e e te e s as e l i to d j c d follow r , w l as
I r l hins to ne in his Histor o I ndia a e 373 M . E p y f , p g , “ ’ s ays : Bi bu r s advance d g uard w as imme diate ly a ttacked a d thou h re in orce rom the main o w as n g f d f b dy , I f the R a a had re sse de feate d w ith h eavy l oss . j p d o n urin the fi rs t anic he would have obtained an d g p ,
140 mat afana Sanga.
His troops had be e n oblige d to abandon
w w as e th e K anauj . G alior blockad d by
th e v n . n Rajputs of ici ity Alam Kha ,
w as e n e e e n e who s t to r li v it , i st ad of e xc utin e s e off to g his ord r , had march d his o w n country . Many Hindu chie fs
d th e e had de se rte caus of th e e mpe ror . I nde e d th e pre vious conque sts and pre se nt s u e s ana San a n e cc s of R g , had i spir d all his cou ntrym e n with hope s that a change of dynas ty w as about to tak e
” e 1 plac .
O n th e 1 2th a e of March , B bur dr w forward his guns and a kind of d e fe nsive
e a m e on w e e s and cov r th t ov d h l , which
e e as b e w n e m s rv d a r ast ork , supporti g th
a d e by his matchlocks n all his army . H himse lf gallop e d alo ng th e li ne animating his troop s and offic e rs a nd givi ng the m
n e e w u e e e i structions . H thr p oth r tr nch s
e in n e ne r th e furth r adva c , a spot which h e fixe d upon as fa vourabl e for a g e ne ral
n and e n e e e n e v n e actio , wh th y w r fi ish d , ad a c d
1 ’ rskine s H is to r o l n ia V l I 46 . d o . 9 E y f , , p . 142 mabarana saw .
e n w a his to occupy th m , draggi g for rd
n e e a e th e n guns . As soo as th y r ch d grou d
All e e th e Rajpu ts w e re se e n advancing . w r a u n e orde re d to the ir posts . B b r mou t d , n e e and dre w up his troops , ridi g ch rfully along th e ranks and assuring the m of
H e th e e n e e victory . took c tr to hims lf, t assiste d by Chin Timur Sul an. The
n he e n right wi g committ d to Humayu , wh o had unde r him Kasim Husain
n B e and a Sultan , Hi du g, Khusr u Kokil tash ; th e le ft b e e ntrusted to his son- in- e and law , Sayad M hdi Khwaja ,
m an a d Muha mad Sult Mirz , Ab ul Aziz and
- n H a Muhammad Ali Je ng j e g . e ppointe d strong re se rve s to carry succour whe re ve r
e e and on th e and e t it was r quir d , right l f placed two flanking colum ns compose d of Moghul troops to whe e l round th e Hank and re ar of th e Rajputs in the he at of th e battle on a signal given. This arrange ment h e had l e arne d in his wars with th e
. e n e Uzbeks His artill ry , u d r Ustad Ali
u a e in th e e n e in t K li, was pl c d c tr , fron , conne cte d by chains and prote cted by
m ab e e e n e s e h n w c e e ov l d f c , b i d hi h w r 143 Inabarana sauna.
la e t h me n in the e p c d ma c lock , and r ar a body of chose n troops ready to re pe l any attack from be hind or to rush for
and e e n ward charg wh e ve r possible .
’ The M ah arana s army consiste d of his ow n and that of th e gre at chie ftains who acknow
e e e l dg d his supr macy or followe d his le ad .
Silhidi th e e Raja , Rajput Chi f of Bhilsa and e n m n e s e Rais , co ma d d hor ; Rawal Udai Singh of Dungarpur and Hasan
n Me w ati e e n Kha , ach ; Raja M d i
B ai n e e e of Cha d ri , hors ; Narb d
n K hi chi Sh atru Hada of Boo di , n
e G a rone d va of g , Bhar Mal of
V iramde va e and an Idar, Rao of M rta Chauh
N ar in hde va e n s a . g , ch Sulta Mahmud
s on a an Lodi , a of Sikand r Lodi , comm ded adve nture rs ; various othe r c hie fs
me n h ad e ach from to . Rai Mal
a n e - in- e Jodh ur and R thor , Comma d r chi f of p ,
nw n e ne Ka ar Kalya Mal , h ir of Bika r, com 1 thv a manded e . P ri ir ach j of Amber,
w n e Ra at Bagh Si gh of D olia (Pratapgarh) ,
Many historical re cords do not me ntion h is pre s e nc e at the attle b . 144
“ mabarana sauce .
ofth e at e e l and n e n b tl fi d , appoi t a p rso as his
e e s e n e n n e th e e . e r pr tativ , to co ti u battl Th y place d him in a palanquin and se nt him with a e e ao n scort towards M wat . The y aske d R
n n the e m e Rata Si gh, chi f of Salu bar, to tak
’ th e Mah arana s place and continue th e battle . Ratan Singh re plie d that his ance stor had
e n th e ne e r li quished thro of M war, which was b and h e not now y right his , that would
e t e e n e H e acc p it v t mporarily . adde d that h e de e me d it his duty to s e rve with zeal whos oe ve r should occupy th e royal e le phant
’ th e M ah arana s e e e n e and n as r pr s tativ , so lo g as e in his ne e a drop of blood was l ft body , v r to
h e n e h e allow t e e my to pie rc t army unde r him .
e n n A a l e th e s Th , Raj Ra a jj j , who h ld fir t
n n th e n e e and ra k amo g obl s of M war, who
th e e n had, like gr at Cho da , out of chivalrous
’ e his e e e n e r gard for fath r s wish s , r li quish d his right to th e throne of Halvad in Kathia
in . 1 5 20 A D . a ne war S ( . but was dor d
all th e e n n a with sig s of royalty (of Halv d) , w as unanimously vote d to take the place of th d e . An n Maharana Ajj aji , assumi g all the e n n th e s e e n Me occ u sig s of ov r ig of war , u s 1 e d the an e o th e e an pi vac t s at n royal e l ph t . A chattra (canopy) was held ove r him and
th mw ar w as e e or e cha wav d ov r his head . F a little while th e Rajputs continue d fi ghting ; but th e e a e dfi rumour soon spr d lik wil re , that th e Maharana had b e e n wounded and re mov e d from th e fi e ld . The bond which had tie d th e diffe re nt se ctions of h is forces
o e e s e n and se c t g th r was thu brok , various ’ th e Mah arana s n tions of army , not fi ding SB e e e e th e fi ld e e e . a th ir l ad r pr s nt, l ft Raw l
n un n an Udai Si gh of D garpur, Hasa Kh
s n n and n M wati , Raja Ma ik Cha d Cha dra
n th e e f e a Bha Chauhan chi s of M war, R wat
Chondaw at Ratan Singh of Salumbar, Raj
na a Sona arah o Ra Ajja , Rao Ramd s g , G kal
A poe t says
" - cm, W W W i i fi fi fi r‘tflw n
(A ssuming on his h ead the e nsigns of the family of h u th e re at ance stor ofR ana the chie of the olar Rag ( g , f S dynas ty of kings) as ce nds the e le ph ant : cuts down the m a w ick e Turk s such w as the triu h chie e A a . d , p v d by jj ) 2 A bardic song says that the Tu rk s lost men in this attl e and th at A a w e nt to h ea e n w th b , jj v i ra e R a uts b v jp .
vww m m fi u w mt w fi l fl m w z m wfl g m fi m fs mfi fl u w mahannasauna.
a a w e de sc andants B l olian d s P rmar, hos hold j
e R ai Mal e - e n (M war) , Rathor, h ir appar t of Marw ar ; th e brave Me rtia le ade rs Ratan Singh (the fathe r o fth e ce l e brate d Miranbai)
and B ai Mal and e e e e , oth rs wer kill d aft r 1 f n e per ormi g de ds of valour .
Th e th e e not e e Rajputs lost battl , b caus
t e e e e th e e ne e e h y w r inf rior to my , but b caus of one of those chanc e s that have ofte n
c e th e e n m n de id d fat of ki gdo s in I dia, ir respe ctive of th e inte lle ctual and material re s ource s of th e partie s e ngage d It was so with th e powe rful Raja A nandpal of the
an e un e e P jab who , in spit of his qu stion d
s e e a a up riority ov r Sult n M hmud of Ghazni, lost th e famous battle ne ar Peshawar in 1008 n h A . n D . owi g to is e l e phant be comi g unr uly n n n th a d tur i g back in the midst of e battl e .
w as i th e e D Shikoh It so aga n cas of ara , wh o w as chi e fly supporte d by the Rajputs and D 1 o t m arh in A . 65 w h h e e Sa u . 8 lost battl of g , owing to his trans fe rring his se at in th e
1 Tod says that Mahmud Lodi w as kille d in this
u Mr rs n fl d o G u ar t . attle b t . ki e sa s th at he e t t b , E y j ’ Me hta N ainsi s Chronicl es give the date of the battle as
- Katik Sud 5 th , S. 15 84. 148‘
mabarana sense.
— head only h e w on or lost : th e nation only im th be cause of h . If e arrow had struck
’ ’ Babur s e e n e Si n as the for h ad i st ad of g , re sult would have be e n th e sam e — a comple te th e I n e e . in e e d f at of Turks fact, th ir cas
e e n nn n e c aus it would hav m a t a ihilatio , b e of n the ir be i g fore ign inte rlope rs in th e country .
Th e pre se nt Europ e an W ar instinctive ly brings b e fore th e mi nd the gre at advance th e We ste rn nations have achie ve d in politics
he . e n I during t last four c turie s . n Europe e e man n and i n e t n v ry , woma ch ld u d rs a ds
th e e h e s his duty to Stat , which , knows, i nothing more than his ow n individual
i th e e e n e t inte re st n high r s s of he te rm . H e or sh e unde rstands that h e or s h e lose s
n h e r n n se or gai s as his or atio lo s or gains , that his or h e r intere sts are ide ntical with
r those of th e nation o th e State . This
n th e e e th e spirit animati g all, r sourc s of whol e nation are fully organise d and are unhe sitatingly e mploye d to prote ct as we ll as to promote th e cause of th e nation or e ve n
W e ne e n e es . of individuals , h v r occasio r quir A war in mo de rn times is the re fore a war mabarana sauna.
of one nation or a combination of nations against anothe r nation or two or more nations
Th e e o e . n e nte e and c mbin d tir i ll ctual , moral mate rial re source s of nations are mobilized and
e The e s use d in the struggl . r ult is that that be llige re nt wins whose organisation is s upe rior and e e e e n e are whos r sourc s, tak as a whol ,
t e e ne nec e s gre ate r than those of h my . As a
c n e e n e now are m e sary o s qu c , wars i m asurably
e e s n and e are mor d va tati g , though both sid s in th e e nd e e th e v n e is the xhaust d, a quish d
e party cle arly prov d to be th e we ake r .
This also e xplains the vast diffe re nce that w e findbe twe e n th e nature and importance of a battle in those days and a battle in th e twe n t t T ie h e n . h e e an in c tury battl of Kh ua , which th e opposing armie s numbe re d about thre e
e fe w and e n lakhs , last d a hours , what mom tous is sue s hung on th e re sult of that battle ! It de cide d the fate of a country inhabit e d by a fi t e c f h part of th e human race . It thr w ba k for e ve r th e advanci ng tide of th e triumph ant a e e R jput rac , and plac d India , with a civilization and culture as old as history and as i as th e e in th e e th e h gh high st world , und r 15 1 m n abara a 5 31193. domination of th e l e ss civiliz e d Afghans and th e n e e highla d rs of Ce ntral Asia . Compar this with th e battle s fought in Europe in th e
e th e gr at war raging the re no w . Th e battle of
ne e n and the e Mar last d four mo ths, loss of lif in this one battle far e xceede d th e e ntire armie s e ngage d in the battle b e twe e n Babu r and Sanga but what is th e ne t result of the ? victory ove r th e e ne my A fe w thousand “ ’ ” N o n yards of Man s La d , with hardly
o th e t any e ffe ct n final issue of he war .
e m ne w a Victory r ai d ith B bur, who th n assume d e title of Ghazi . He adva ced to
B ana e e h e e e e e y , wh r arriv d aft r thr days , and he ld a council of his noble s as to th e advisability of followi ng up th e victory by
’ ’ n B abur s a invasion of th e Rana s dominions .
e o e s e e e e e and the r s urc , how v r, w r so crippl d dre ad of me e ti ng Sanga in th e fie ld a se cond t e e th e im was so gr at, that approach of the hot se ason was ple ade d as an e xcuse and 1 e e e n u the e nt rpris was giv p.
That a ur re s ec te and re a e his foe w e B b p d d d d , have th e best p roof in his not risking anothe r battle — ’ w ith him. To s Ra astka n V ol I 3 7 d j , . , p . 0 . 15 2
Maharana sanga. acc e ss to the Maharana by those around a l e e e an n e . him , gr t d S g with a stirri g po m This shatte re d the dej e ction of th e Maha
a d T rana n rouse d him to action again . h e
Maharana b e stowe d th e village of Bakan . on th e charan (which is still in th e posse s
n e e n n and b e an e sio of his d sc da ts) , g to mak pre parations for re suming hostilitie s with a B bur .
1 Appre h e nding that th e c h aran w ould s tir the Maharana a ain to tak e th e fi e l a ainst a ur those g d g B b , w ho w e re in atte ndance on sanga re f use d the c haran e ntr into the la w h r he Ma ara na re si e O n y p ce e e t h d d . this the c haran sat ow n in ront of th e al ace ate , d f p g , re use to mo e rom the re and took a. vow not to f d v f , ar a e of i w h a H se p t k food t ll h e sa t e M h arana . e pas d th i h s w i h u o A l as t the re e a s a nd n t t o t o . t d y g f d , ministe rs e arin th at the ch aran— w hose e rson ac co rd , f g p in to cu stom is sac re — w oul s tar e himse l to eath g d d v f d , allow e d him to e nte r the pa lace a nd se e the Maharana. The charan as soon as he c ame nea r an a ree te him , S g , g d w ith th e foll ow ing song c omposed by himse lf
i st W W u n fa rWW fi r , fi rm film- W i ll ! 1m
— - affirm«r m? fi gs {w W m w e we ar ai n
mm W “must ,
n mm rm i m a , w w efi fi fli m uu 15 4 mabarana 3am.
Though th e W e ste rn Afghan confe de racy
e the an th e was crush d by victory of Kh ua, Eastern confe de racy conti nue d to gathe r Th e stre ngth . Raj puts though de fe ate d in
e e not e e n e a gr at battl , had b n va quish d . Babur had thus two powe rful foe s still to ove rcome be fore he could conside r his throne
e e e x e e n e firmly stablish d . His p ri c taught him that h e had more to fe ar from th e
m fl fi ' flt mm fit fi fl fl m n
- W W W «fi n , m m m wfi flw
m m i m m wim. ’ s w ar msfws t l a l
(W hy this d e je ction ? Sri K rishna had to le ave the fie ld a h undre d time s against Jarasandh a : final ly afte r uish h m sa in himse l he an e t e e ne . Once A r u na v g f, v q d y j fe ll back w h e n D u ryodhana c ast his h and on Draupadi : all k now w h at D ur o hana did b ut ou k now w hat A r un y d , y j a
a O nc th ooli - the n did to D uryodhan . e e f sh te n he ade d R a an took aw a ita b ut the n w h at did Rama do to v y S , him afte r b ridging the se a ? Why dost th ou take a sin l e e eat to heart like this oh an a? thou art a g d f , S g t rn in th si e f th e e ne m ho e d o y) . Thak ur Bh ur Singh of Malsisar in his Ma harana Yash P rakash sa s th at th chara w (p . y e n as
166 112m m
n th e n and re e Rajputs tha Patha s , he solv d to bre ak th e powe r of th e Rajput kings by attacking the m one by one be fore the y might combine again and wre st his hard - w on throne
e e th e e n a from him . H l ft East r Afgh n
e e e e e conf d racy to its lf for a whil , littl
e n t te e susp cti g tha it would , af r his d ath , ove rwhe lm his son and succe ssor and drive
and b e n him out of India , would fi ally crushe d only with th e he lp of th e Rajputs
his by grandson Akbar .
B e ing rightly afraid of th e gre at powe r
th e n th e e a of Rajput ki gs of w st , B bur re solve d to attack Raj a M e dni Rai of
n e one the e and e Cha d ri , of brav st abl st ’ th e M ah arana s e e n e n of li ut na ts . L avi g
in e e e 1 5 2 A D h e e 7 . . Agra D c mb r , arriv d at 1 t D 1 s A . nd n . 5 28 a Kalpi on Ja uary , ,
n I re and K e chw a e e passi g by j (Irich) , r ach d
e on th e 2otb of th e n . an a Chand ri mo th S g , he aring that Babur had gone towards Chan
m e and e deri , arch d to attack him arriv d
at . e e n e s e e Irich But h r his mi ist r , who w r
o e e e n n th e ppos d to furth r warfar , fi di g war like Maharana bent on plunging into w ar 15 6
m abarana 5 31133.
“ e e t e xhibited at his d ath , but h fragme nts of a warrior ; one e ye w as lost in th e broil
e P rith vira an i with his broth r ( j), arm n an
n w th e n De and h e actio ith Lodi Ki g of lhi , was a cripple owi ng to a limb b e ing broke n
nn n in n t e e b e e by a ca o ball a o h r, whil count d e ighty wounds from th e sword or th e lance
o H e n various parts of his body . was
e e e e ne e e n e e c l brat d for rg tic t rpris , of which h e n is captur of Mahmud, Ki g of Malwa , in his ow n capital is a ce le brate d i nstance ; and his succe ssful storming of th e almost
e R anth ambh o re impr gnable , though ably
th e e e ne ne de fe nde d by imp rial g ral Ali, gai d
h e e him gre at re now n. Had be n succeeded by a prince posse ss e d of his fore sight and
’ e B abur s e n not judgm nt , desc dants might ” 1 the n n i have re tained sovereig ty of I d a .
’ Tod thmz V ol I . 307 308. s Raj aa , . , pp , 1 5 8 INDE! .
ia dul a 1 13. ra 99 . b zzak , A b , A ‘R h 2 Araval li 20 25 . Ab o, , ,
A r hu ns 1 14. Abu , g ,
r una 1 5 5 . ul Fa a l 74. Ab z , A j , A sadut . u1- Mul 9 Abu a id 99 7 82 . 01 . S y , , 1 k , ,
Adina ur 1 Asa h an 70 71 72 . 1 4. p , f K , , , h nis o a Mal 85 a tan 99 . . Afg , As k ,
A a a 23 s e r 7. g , . A , r ra 5 0 93 118 120 126 127 Atra , 99 . Ag . , , , , , , r 128 141 15 6 . u an e 77. , , A gz b ,
hmada ad 5 5 69 79 82 . an Husain 103 104. A b , , , , Az ,
hmadna ar 80 83 90 9 1 . A g , , , . h h 8 a ur Z ahiruddin Muh m ad mad h a of u arat 3 . a m A S ( G j ) , B b , , 6 ° a i Ra ana 146 147 1 , 44 4 , orn in 1483 100 Ajj j , j R , , . , b , me r 2 7 1 8 £28 46 48 49 e came rul e r o f Fe r hana 101 Aj , , , , , , , , b g , 93 ta e s amar and in 149 k S k 7,
. D . 102 o ar 47 15 6 . oe s t re l ie e Akb , , A , ; g v h Ande an and l o se h o 31. s bot 103 Ak , j , ; Akhs i 100 101 1 110 ta e s Nas u kh and Mar hin , , , 02, . k , g an l am han 142 is s urre nde red to him 104 A K , . , m in ade s Samar and l auddin r ince al ias l a . 105 all s A , P , A v k ; f h h an 119 . ac o n e s 105 u r ris K , b k K , ; s p e s la amar and and ta uddin hil i ul tan of e lhi e s it . 107 A K j , S D , S k k ; hai ani h a 17 24. n in ade s m , S b K v Sa ar a nd and de ea l re d the re at 18. ts a ur 107 A f G , k f B b , ll ahadad han 61 a ur surre nde rs amar and A K , . B b S k Al i n and i e s his s is te r in mar e e ral 15 8. ria e , g , g v g
Ali 26 . to hai ani 108 oe s i , S b , ; g to h s Al i s 1 0 uncl e ul tan M ahm o t 04 1 5 . ud w ho D , , , S , m an as s ' ns De h kat to a li h 12 1 . ur 109 A K , g B b , ;
ta e s s h . m Al e 127. U a o l a ttac , k T b k s mar in h a 1 a ur w h o fle e s 110 w Mah aran 8 . ande rs A S g , , B b , , ; mir i m 311 1 1 1 as a u it e 1 11 id ad e 8 7. , s i u to A N j , f g iv ; b m his nat ive l and a e r 2 7 47 48 93 144. nd oe s to A b , , , , , , g Ana w ards a ul w hich rr 23. su , K b , e nde rs a to him n n nda Bai siste r of Prithvira i 15 04 . D . 1 12 A , j, A , , re sol e s on an incursi 42. v on into d d o nand anw ar 12 . n a an e s t o al ala ad A K , I i g J b , Anand a 1 12 oe s to ohat al a 148. ; annu p , R j , g K , B , xde an 1 th e nce to ha ni an r A 01 102 104 105 109 . d e turns j , , , , , G z ,
i12 . to a ul 113 l e a e s a l to K b , ; v K bu
Anhal w ara 24. assist the rul e r o f al h a ain t , B k g s Annals a nd Anti uities o Ra as hai ani h an isits He t q f j S b K , v ra
than b olone l . Tod 2n 2 9 a and ta e s andahar and re turns , y C J , , , k K 3011 5 0a 6 1a a 130 13 72 to a ul 113 Shai ani h n , , , 77 , m 7 , K b , ; b K a 15 23 1b7 168m ad ances to sur rise abur , m v p B ,
159 w h o e in a raid of me e tin a uts ad ance 143 Ba ur , b g f g R jp v , b h ai ani h an l e a e s a ul ass ume s th e titl e of h i te r S b K , v K b G az af and come s alal a ad 1 13 on th e attle of hanua ad ance s J b , b K , v h e arin t hat h ai ani had to B ana b ut re turns to ra g S b y , Ag , re tu rne d to ur istan a ur 1 5 2 a ur in ade s hande ri T k , B b B b v C re turns to a u l 1 14 ue l l s 15 6 K b , ; q the re ol t of h is Mo h ul arm Bdbur b La ol 1 8 ne o e 31n. v g y, y , P , ’ 115 ; Babur h e ars o f Shaib ani s Ba bur Khan Lo h ani ( Sultan de feat b th e in of e rsia M uh ammad ha h 126. y K g P S ) , d w ard amar and h an oe s t o s ada h s an 1 12 . g S k B k , and re co e rs it 1 16 U e s adnor 24 2 5 44 80 v , ; zb k B , , , , . ro m ris e and dri e aw a a ur a ha rince 9 6 . v y B b f B g , P , ur is tan 1 17 a ur re t urns a ha in h aw at of eo l ia T k , ; B b B g S g , R D t o a u l in 15 14 . 1 17 ra ta arh 144. K b A D ; P pg , e nt e rs an a and ta e s ahadur h an rince se e aha P j b k B k , P , B l han dur h ah andah ar 11 au at . K , 7; D K S odi in it e s a ur to ah adur h ah ul tan of u arat L v B b B S , S G j , m 8 nd a 1 18 a ur co e s 87 88 9 90 9 1 . I i , ; B b , , , , to t he an a b u t re turns a an 15 4 P j b B k , . to a ul 119 rinc e la n a i Uha h aniani 112 . K b , ; P A i B k g , e an a in i M a ha han o f rs a ur Bal adit a n of da 76. K f B b , P j b y , K g g , h e h rone l ie u of h e l to e t t t alhara 2 4. p g B , of e lhi 119 a ur cross e s Ba l kanw ar 9 4. D , ; B b , m th e ndus de e ats rah Bal h 1 12 113. I , f Ib i k , ,
odi at ani at and is c row ne d al loo Saktaw at 81 . L P p B , ,
in of e l hi and t a e s ra anas 2 4. K g D k Ag , B ,
s nds ardi B e to t a e Banbe ri 45 . 120 ; e T g k , s B ana but Ni a m han de e at B androt 23. y , z K f , n ardi Be i am han surre an ash 1 13. T g , N z K B g , de rs B ana to abur w he n annu 1 13. y B B ,
Mah arana San aad ance s a a n ansda 23. g v g i B , r st h m 121 an a and a u e me lo 40. i , ; S g B b B ,
- m ared 122 1 25 a ur answ ara 85 . co p , ; B b B , imse l Ba a 2 to de e n d h 46 . pre pare s f f pp , , m o an a and s u m ns a rdh a 70. against S g B , n W t h al l his troo s asw a H umayu i p , B , i s to de tac h Hasan h an B atarda 35 37 38 40. fa l K , , , ,
M e w at 127 marc h e s out of e h ar 126 . of , ; B , m 1 1 d e ne am s at F ate h ur Be kra 3. Agra an p p ,
ik ri 128 ma e s o e r t ure s for e nare s 5 1 . S , k v B ,
e w ith an a b ut ail s Bhains ror 7 34. pe ac S g , f , , , ’ b ur s arm u ite dis Bh a w at anw ar 95 . 129 ; Ba y q g K ,
i s u w ine and Bh akorah 69 . d. e h e arte ne G v p , h e e a rd to ro w 135 han Rao of dar 22 , 5 3. al l o w s t b g , B , I ,
t o th e re l io us ins tinc ts handa 9 6 . app e al s ig B , l ast re so rt 136 har M al R ao of dar 5 3 5 4 87, o fh is troops as a , ; B , I , , ,
1 . ag ain mak e s ove rture s for peac e 44 i tion b Pe te r and o ffe rs to pay t ribute to th e Bha vanaga r I nscr p s y
h o re e c t s t he e te rson Sn 9n N a 1171. Mah arana w j P , , , ,
rm 13 th row s u tre n ch e s h a ani Das , 95 . te s , 7 p B v
the m ma e s h e ra 112. , k B ,
battl e as t he 3111133 , 66, 67, 93. 144.
160
0 1 111 hana 1 0 101 10 Histor o G u arcii b E . Ba Fer . , , , , , y f j , y D y 1g l e 5 l 471 71 871 8371 6. y, n, 5 4n, 6 , 69 , 7 , ,
F or es . K . 88. 8471 877i 9ori 9211 . b , A , , , ,
Histor o ia M . El hin y f I nd , by p stone 5 2n 140m G a roon 2 1 93 144 , , g , 7 , , . i o H stor o I ndia b Sir H . Elli t y f , y , G ambhiri, 35 .
607i. G an s R ao o fJodh u r 9 g , p , 7 . ' H isto o W E rs ine r I ndia b . an e s y f , y k , G g , 5 n 1 10811 0 , GM , 6271, 687 , 10071, , G anthi, 23n. 12 171 12671 l 29 n l 32n 13371 a s li 8 , , , , , G rh E e t , 2 . l 42 G n. e nre a ut h e ro 971 . , R jp , Histor o Sirohi b . . y f , y R . B P G aw aradé, 95 n. auri han ar a 43n. G h n h 5 n G S k t , a suk dé, 9 . Hoshan ul tan of Mandu 74. G z h e w n 1 g, S , ha d a , 1 7. H uma un 127 143. h 1 y , , G azi, 5 2 .
ha i han 9. G z K , 7 ha i 1 1 r h im o di 5 0 is de e a te d b n 7. a G z , Ib L , ; f y G hi asuddin ul tan ofM andu 6 ti n s 5 6 5 7 a ain in vade s y , S , S g , , ; g is de fe ated by Rai Mal and fle e s M e w ar and is de fe ate d ne ar o M andu 6 se nds e ace hol ur 60 6 1 62 9 4 118 119 t , p D p , ; , , , , ffe rin h n o s to e Mahara a . t 120 12 128. g , 7 , 7
dar 5 5 1 5 3 5 4 5 5 78 79 80. I , , , , , , , , 8 1 81 , 83, 8 , 44.
- dw ar 24 34. 8 o l an u ti 10 . G , , I ,
G l r ~ - oka das a mar 148. I mad ul mu1k 65 . P , , u arat 4 31 49 5 1 5 2 5 3 5 4 ndia 99 109 1 12 117 120 123 G j , , , , , , , I , , , , , , ,
5 5 0 8a 8 8 12 1 15 6 15 8. , 69, 7 , 7 , 79 , 3, 85 , 126 , 7, 129 , 40, ,
88 90 93 94 12471 148n . ndra anw ar 12 , , , , , I K , ,
alior 2 93 128 14 . r w 2 ndra astha 5 0. G , , , , I p ,
ndus 1 12 1 13 1 14 1 19 . I , , , , 1 I re ric h 5 6 . j (I ) , Ha i Kh an, 61 .
s l am han 60. ajvad 146 I K , H , ,
san u h a 101n . Ha mii' a a of Ranthambhore I B g , , R j , s r 1 n a De s 2 . m I , mmir ana 2 2 140 Ha 7 . , R , , , Haravati or Haroti 5 6 , ahan ir Em e ro r 81. J g , p , K s Heridas e aria haran 12441. ah an ir M ir a 100 103 104 105 , C , J g z , , , , ,
He r anw ar 12 . K , 109 . Hasan h an aw a 126 127 ai al h ird son o f M aharana K , N b , , , J M , t 129 132 144 1 47 3 , , , Rai Mal , 1 , 24. Ma an 1 Hasan 29 . a u r 4 1 k , J ip , 7, 5 3.
Hatim h an 83. aisal me r 98n K , J , . B ere t 1 13. Jai in h . , S g , 77 Himal a as 3311 . Jai in h al s c ha 18 , S g B , . 4 2 Hindu , 1 3. Jaitra in h Mah arana g S g , , Hindu ush 1 12 117. l 4 , , al a a ad 112 11 . k J b , , H indu at titl e o f Mahara p , na al or 317i. J , San a 1 . Jamna i od char n 1 71 , a a 55 . g j , S , , Hindu ocie t e xol usive ne ss f o 3. y, , an l u countr 48. S J g y , Hindustan 47 anna 20. , , J , 121 1 119 22 126 . , , anna indal 19 . , J S , I NDE! !
Jaraaand a 15 5 . hw a a Jahan 67. h , K j , Khil i ur 86 ass a 4671 . J , j p , .
aun ur 127. hi r Kh w a a 101n . J p , K z j , ho e nd Jaw ar in Me w ar 33. 104. , K j ,
e s sa Sindhal 20. h orasan 99 . J , K ,
he l um 1 12 . hu srau Kokiltash 143. J , K ,
Jil w ada 23. h usrau hah 1 12 , K S , .
odh a R ao 5 12 1i 94. hw a a idar 106 . J , , , , K j D , h odh ur o n i 1 8 D . K utba 1 u de d n 45 A . 20. J p , f , , h . i na 6 4 9 144 s 9 . 7; 7 , K ,
Ju Mal R ao o f irohi 42 43. ish e n Das g , S , , K ,
mna 1 oe l li arh 141 . u 41 . J , K (A g ) ,
ohat 1 13. K , K hi a ul 4671 98 112 1 13 1 14 1 15 o 108. K b , , , , , , , k ,
1 16 1 17 1 18 1 19 133. o an 101 . , , , , K k ,
a ul ri e r 1 14. o tah 7. K b v , K ,
al i 2 93 15 6 . Krishnadas 95 n. K p , , , , al an Mal anw ar o f Bi ane r u m h a Maharana 2 assasina K y , K , k , K b , , i 4 1 . 1 44 t on of 4, 14, 3 , 6, 76 . al an Mal son of Mah arana R ai Ku mb hal arh 4 23 30 33 35 K y , g , , , , , ,
Mal , 12 . 43. w a r l i 1 m m an r 12 95 . am e A 06 . u u K b , K k K , , m 1 am ar 10 u ndu 16 . K g , . K z, m 1011 K 1 i ar hana 1 . an 06 . utla , K k N g K , har 1 1 14 1 n a m i 8. a d 13 17. Kshe a n K , , , , K g,
andar Fort 129 . K , h 81 an in h . ahore 118. K S g , L ,
anau 142 . a ha ana 34. K j , L k , R , f h anth al 41 . a h a e co me s Rao o iro i in K , L k , b S
n r i . 145 1 a tac s ho Ka w a aba 95 A . D . t , , k B j , aram hand Rao o f r na ar hie of anch fi ve or six time s K C , S i g C f L , 1 18 nd e e n ll 8 19 42 45 . u ns uc ce ssful l a tua , , , , y, v y
Karanaw as 23. ill s h im w ith t h e ass is tance , k ,
aran in h 95 . of R ao h an of dar 22. K S g , B I ,
K ta in 1 12 . 71 ara a h u 94 . g , L k , anbai h au h an n l h a 25 . Karme t (C p ) , 95 n . La l ak ,
Karme tanb ai Rathor i 95 n . Lal kanw ar B ai of dar 95 ( j ) , ( I ) , .
me tanbai 947i 96 . K ar 9 7 alsot . , , , L , 7 m Husain ultan 4 asi 1 3. anch 22 23. K S , L , ,
athiaw ar 146 . Las M a naw ad 23 K , , .
15 6 . Ke ch w a ati h an 92 . , L f K ,
e dar 337i . K , 8 e s h 9 105 . a adh a 6 . K , , M g , 7
e s h al 23n . M aharana. Yash P m kash b . K i , , y T
ar P s 1 13. h ai a s h ur in h 947i 15 5 n. K b , B S g , , d h aira a 7 9 10. Mah mud e ara ul tan of K b , , , B g , S
halil 105 . u arat 33 5 3. K , G j , ,
Kh al il ull ah han 1 49 . Mahmud h il i 76 , K , K j I,
han Mir a 1 15 . Mahmud u l tan o f Mal w a K z , II , S ,
h an ada e u m 108. 30 5 1 62 63 68 69 70 71 76 K z B g , , , , , , , , , , u 44 5 0 120 15 1 1 2 han a 15 5 . 85 86 8 9 7i 1 321 15 8. K , , , , , , , 7, , ,
hatol i 5 6 60. Mahmud Mir a ul tan 99 . K , , z , S , I RDBI .
Me moi o ur b r ine Mahmud Lodi 12 128 1 48 r db W . E s 44 1 . s B , 7, , , f , y k , M ahmud ul tan of h a ni 148 S G z , . M Mahmudabad j 15 . e rt a, 5 , 71 Mahta anw Me rv 1 1 71 ar 1 2. 5 b K , , M hta an Me o a w ar hal i 12 s otamm 99 . b K (J ) , . p , l d va 1 37 Me e , 2 . Me w ar, 17, 20, 24, 3371 , 35 , 36, , M i 8 4 8 5 9 al a 84 86 87. 3 0 41 44 45 47 4 49 , k Ay z, , , , , , , , , , ,
Mali Lado 66 . 5 6 5 7 84 93 96 k , , 7, 7 , , , , Mali Lati 92 Me w a t 48 92 93 126 129 93. k f, . , , , , , ,
l i s - Ma k Hu e in Bahmani (Nizam ui 146 . m Mian H sain h n Zar a h sh ul . 78 79 . u a , k) . K B k 311 1100 han o e rnor of me r 60 6 171 K , G v Aj , . ,
38 Mian han hanan F armuli 60. K K , M l a ma Mia Ma h 0 . ra 2 . n an 6 61 g , 3 k , , M s u al isar 15 5 71 Mian Mar 60 62 . , . f, ,
Mal w a 4 4 1 Mih ir 1a the Hun 6. , , 9, 5 , 5 4, 62, 63, 65 , , , 7
68 69 85 93 94 1 ir A 11 1 i 131 143. 5 8. , , , , , Az z , , Mandaw ar or Man 11! 1711 1- 1 Silaa ndari 5 4 69m 85 8611 dor, 47. , , , , , Mandal arh 8 g , 7. 7.
Mandlik JEdava Ra a of u ras h Miran Bai orn in 1498 A . D . , j S , b tra 31 drin s o nl an e s at Me rta marrie d to rince , k y G g , P w ate r all s in l e w ith a Bh o ra 15 16 die d at w ar a , f ov j j, ; D k ’ oh aran s w i e insu l ts h e r in 15 46 A . O . 95 71 9671 148 . f , , , , m e s h 1 od t 3171 is attac e d b Miran h a 99 10 . y, ; k y S , ,
Mahmud e ara and come s a Mir M uh ammad hah 17. B g be S ,
M an A al 1 1 . ussal m 3371 . Mohi l i h a 3 , b K if , al na Mands u 8 . o a 1 8071 a r 5 M 4 . , k , R , ,
Mandu n a . 6 29 63 66 . 6 0 Mo o ur 23 , , , , 7, 69 , 7 , p ,
72 73 76 7 85 M ua am rince 77. , , , 7, , zz , P .
- Man h n i ul u 80 81 82 83. i a d h auhan 145 147. M u bar z m l , k C C , , k , , , Mansur han 65 Muh afiz h an 63 67 K , . K , . M ar h h mmada ad 9 84. inan 104. u a 7 g , M b , ,
- Marne 1 Muhammad Al i e n e n 143. 5 2 . , J g j g ,
M ro mmad hw a a 101 . a t . M uha , 7 K j , h Ma id ar an 1 . Mars 133. M uhammad 05 , z T k ,
M arw a 2 1 Muh ammad Mir a 1 0071 . r 7 18 26 93. , , . , , z ,
M edh akur 128 Muh ammad h ari 133. , . S f,
Me dni Rai a a 62 sa e s the li e M uh ammad ul tan Mir a 143. , R j , v f S z , f Mah h h m Z e itun 128 o mud il i o f Mandu Mu a mad . K j II , and e com s hi r me Minis e r Mul tan 113 e s i t . b P , ,
64 s e nds a n ar ose M nd Ba h e 1a 071 . ; my to opp uka , g , 7
Muhafiz han w h o is ad ancin M unta khabul Taw arikh 6771 . K v g ,
a ains t Mandu and de fe at s h im Musta a u mi 145 . g , f R , ne ar al c ha 66 67 11 a Mu affar hah u lt an o f N , , , 8 z S II , S Mahmud atte m ts to ass ass inate u arat 5 3 5 4 65 69 70 78 G j , , , , , , ,
Me dni Rai ut ail s 68 79 85 87 89 92 9471. f , , , , , , re ce ive s some pargannah s from
an a 70 1 144 15 6. S g , , 7 , Me h di hw a a 129 143. adol e 20. K j , , N ,
Me hdi u an 1 . l t 106 . Na ar una 3 S , g j , Me h ta Nains i 671 2371 3171 4177 Na de vi W i e of ho haran , , , , , g , f Ak C ,
46 71 71 . 71 , 70 3171, 3271 , 33 .
164
I N DE! .
Ks he ma 8 h is ue e ns and atan in , ; h son of an a 95 . q R S g ( S g ) , s ons 12 c on e rs B haiusror on atan in h of Me r 8 ; ta 14 . , f R S g , , ‘ ura M al 31 is w ounde d in atan in h ; Seinsl a 26. S j , R S g , , th e attl e of G ambhiri 35 Rfi na ar 24. b , ; p g , fall s il l and se e ds for Rao
aram h and and an a 45 a 98. K C S g , S bz ,
die s in 15 08 A . D . 46 48. ad aon , S g , 25 . Rai Mal e come s Rao of dar 5 3 adri 35 4 3 0. , b I , ; S , , 7, de ose d b him and fle e s t o Sa atde vi 12 p y B g , .
hitor 5 3 re ains his th rone ah as Mal 6. C , ; g , S , 5 4 re tire s to hill s b ut issu e s ahi h an Muhammad h ah ; S b K ( S ) , and de e ats Ni am- uLmul k 5 4 62 63 65 67 f z , , , , . attac s and de e ats Z ahir - ul aid h an F urat 61 k f S K , .
mu l 5 5 8 8 . ai h an 7 0 79 . k , , S f K , ai a l E5 5 ain K M 8 71 . t u b R 7 ta ul uta 89 . , S K b, Mal athor 144 148 hra 2 Rai . a 3. , R , , S k , 2 6 1 l um ar aise n 7 7 129 3 144. a 145 14 7 . R , , , , , , S b , , 7 man Raf in h 12 . Sa t in h 23 24. S g , S g , , B a anw ar dau h te r of R am amar and 99 102 103 104 105 K ( g S k , , , , , ,
gin h i 12 . 106 10 1 1 1 14 . j ) , , 7, 08, 1 6, 1 7, 0 n ar a h o 1 h a w t r m r 5 . a 2 . a 7 (R ) , S b , ,
anw ar Hadi 95 . u arh am 148. K ( ) , g , 1 d anw ar e ori 2 an a 23. K ( D ) , . ,
Ra tana 4 2 71 39 46 4 12 an am 20. jp , , 7 , , , 7, 3, g , ’ 15 p San ram in h or an a the most g S g S g , B in h Mah arana o f Me w ar ow e r ul so e re i n in Hindu i S g , , p f v g a ’ s tan i l ? n Babur s time , l e ade r of
ama 15 5 . th e re at in s and ch ie s R , g k g f , ’ ama Bai dau h te r of Mah arana innacl e of M e w ar s l or 1 R , g p g y, ; u m h a is illtre ated b h e r his characte r and achie e me nts K b , y v , h us and a a Mandlik Jaday a 2 and 3 his moth e r atan b , R j ; R o f Girnar 31 is rou ht to anw ar 13 l ose s an e e in an , b g K , ; y Me w ar b Prith vira and is attac b Prith vira 16 orn y j k y j, ; b
i n aw ar b Mah arana Rai in . 15 39 46 attac e d b g ve J y S , ; k y Mal uilds Ramkund at Jaw ar Prith vira and de ri ed of an , b j p v and a te m l e and a tan at e e 15 rote cte d b ida 17 p k y , p y B , li e in ta e s Ku mbhal arh 33. s Mar war 18 g , v , ; k ice a m hand Ramatal ava l a e 10 12 . s e r w ith R ao ra k , , v K C ' d as am a anw ar 95 . of Srina ar 18 dico ve re R b K , g , ;
amdas Sona arah 147. l e e w ith a cre ste d sna e o e r R g , p k v h m 1 e n or b ana ai R amkanw arbai 95 . i 9 s t f B , , ; y R 9 h n f Ramkanw arbai Sol ankini, 5 . Mal , 45 ; asce nds th e t ro e o Me r 4 r m Ramkanw arbai an li 95 . w a 6 de e ats ahi (S k ) , , ; f Ib di at hatoli h olds a am ura 2 . o 5 6 R p , L K , ; Ranth mbh ore 93 96 9 121 ur ar and offe rs to a dicate in a , , , 7, , D b b Mah arana to be 128 15 3 15 8. a our of a ne w , , f v
Rae M al a b . . For e s 5 371 e l e cted th e e o l e 5 7 5 9 ; , y A K b , , b p p , ,
5 5 71 8271 8871. in ade s al w a de fe ats ul tan , , v , S Mahmud and ca ture s him Ratan anw ar 12 . K , II , p , h im to hitor and a te r atan in h 95 96 97. ta e s R S g , , . k C f ’ atan in h aw at of Sal um ar three months im risonment R S g , R b , p restores him to the throne of
1 60 I NDE! .
Mandu a te r re ce i in rom the Me war and Ra Rana A a i , f v g f j jj j a azrdnd e w e lle d ta e s his l ace on th e ro al S ul tan s N , j k p y crow n and be l t 72 74 in ade s e l e h ant 146 ; the ne w s of , , ; v p , ’ Maha ana s re mo al rat in 15 20 A . D . 78 r s re ad in Guj a , , ; v p tate s Rai Mal to th e throne th e arm w hich l e a e s the re ins y, v of dar 79 con ue rs h mad fi e ld and th e attl e is l os t 147 I , ; q A b , , na ar 81 ta e s V adna ar 148 the re s e nt Euro e an w a , ; k g ; p p r co m are d w ith th r an kills the Gove rnor of V isal p e w a be tw ee n a ar and l unde rs th e tow n an a and a ur 149 15 0 n g p , S g B b , , ; 83 ; re turns in triumph to Sanga re gains consciousne ss at hitor 83 ad ance s rom asw a and ow s not to e nte r C , ; v f B v Chitor to re pe l the attack on Chitor w ithout vanquishing M ndsaur b th e u arat arm a ur 15 3 San it li e s at a y G j y B b , v unde r M ali a and arri e s Ranthambhore , A haran re e ts k Ay z , v g at Nandsa and is oine d b him and rouse s him to ac tion j y , a a Sil hidi an d Medni Re l 15 4 an a marche s to attac R j , ; S g k 85 ; Mal ik Ayaz make s pe ace Babur on his w ay to Ch ande ri and re tire s dis comfited to b ut is poisone d on re aching u arat 86 i e s s he l te r to rich 15 6 die s at asw a 15 7 G j , ; g v I , ; B ,
rince ah adur han of u a his al our 15 8. P B K G j v , rat 90 i e s sh e l te r to rince s an ara and Sama asankata la e s , g v P S k y k , Latif Khan and Chand Khan of 10.
u arat 92 u arat arm Saran de va 34 37 38 39 40. G j , ; G j y g , , , , , a me into aran u 0 unde r Shirza h n co s r . K S gp , 7 M e w to ca ture th e tw o Satrun a a in athiawar l l ar . p j y K ,
Prince s , 92 ; the M ah arana Saw arbai, 95 . e arm out of Me ar a h an 65 dri e s th w S ee d . v y , y K , f 11 3 summar o 85 6 3 e ir m 1 1 . 93 ; y S a , 6 achie e me nts 93 94 is Se w antri 16 23n v , , ; , ,
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