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Keynote and Oral Papers1. Algal Diversity and Species Delimitation European Journal of Phycology ISSN: 0967-0262 (Print) 1469-4433 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tejp20 Keynote and Oral Papers To cite this article: (2015) Keynote and Oral Papers, European Journal of Phycology, 50:sup1, 22-120, DOI: 10.1080/09670262.2015.1069489 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09670262.2015.1069489 Published online: 20 Aug 2015. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 76 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=tejp20 Download by: [University of Kiel] Date: 22 September 2015, At: 02:13 Keynote and Oral Papers 1. Algal diversity and species delimitation: new tools, new insights 1KN.1 1KN.2 HOW COMPLEMENTARY BARCODING AND GENERATING THE DIVERSITY - POPULATION GENETICS ANALYSES CAN UNCOVERING THE SPECIATION HELP SOLVE TAXONOMIC QUESTIONS AT MECHANISMS IN FRESHWATER AND SHORT PHYLOGENETIC DISTANCES: THE TERRESTRIAL MICROALGAE EXAMPLE OF THE BROWN ALGA Š PYLAIELLA LITTORALIS Pavel kaloud ([email protected]) Christophe Destombe1 ([email protected]), Department of Botany, Charles Univrsity in Prague, Alexandre Geoffroy1 ([email protected]), Prague 12801, Czech Republic Line Le Gall2 ([email protected]), Stéphane Mauger3 ([email protected]) and Myriam Valero4 Species are one of the fundamental units of biology, ([email protected]) comparable to genes or cells. Understanding the general patterns and processes of speciation can facilitate the 1Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Universités, formulation and testing of hypotheses in the most impor- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, CNRS, Roscoff tant questions facing biology today, including the fitof 29688, France; 2Institut de Systématique, Evolution, organisms to their environment and the dynamics and Biodiversité, UMR 7205 CNRS-EPHE-MNHN-UPMC, patterns of organismal diversity. Though eukaryotic Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris 75231, microorganisms are extremely numerous, diverse and France; 3Station Biologique de Roscoff, CNRS, essential in global ecosystem functioning, they are lar- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie gely understudied by evolutionary biologists compared Curie, Roscoff 29688, France and 4Station Biologique with multicellular organisms. In part owing to their small de Roscoff, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, Université sizes and difficulty in culturing, our knowledge of their Pierre et Marie Curie, Roscoff 29688, France diversity and evolutionary processes is considerably limited. In particular, very little is known about specia- The great phenotypic variability and the lack of diag- tion mechanisms generating the diversity of microalgae. nostic characters in the genus Pylaiella render the sys- In this talk, I will present several examples of speciation tematic study of this genus problematic. In the present mechanisms detected in freshwater and terrestrial algae, study, we investigated the diversity of Pylaiella littor- including limited dispersal, natural polyploidization, and Downloaded by [University of Kiel] at 02:13 22 September 2015 alis (Linnaeus) Kjellman along the Brittany (France) ecological divergence. In general, climatic- and coast using a DNA barcoding multilocus approach with habitat-niche differentiation seems to represent the mitochondrial (cox1, nad1andatp9) and chloroplastic most important force that drives the origin of new spe- (rbcLandatpB) markers associated with a population cies. Accordingly, despite the cosmopolitan distribution genetics approach using 10 microsatellite markers. In of many eukaryotic microorganisms, local fine-scale addition, spatio-temporal sampling was conducted structuring of ecologically distinct genotypes may repre- along the Brittany coast. Mitochondrial sequence sent the most plausible explanation for their extremely results revealed the occurrence of two cryptic species, high species richness. with a minimum of 2.4% divergence between them. Microsatellite genotypic data recovered three well sup- ported clusters matching the two mtDNA clusters of 1KN.3 Pylaiella. While gene flow is limited between mito- HIGH-CONTENT FLUORESCENCE chondrial clusters, occurrence of genetic admixtures in MICROSCOPY APPLIED TO MARINE some populations suggests that reproductive isolation is PROTISTS ECOLOGY not complete. Our study highlights how the combina- tion of phylogenetic and population genetics Sebastien PM Colin1 ([email protected]), Luis- approaches can help determine algal diversity and Pedro Coelho2 ([email protected]), Volker study boundaries between closely related species. Hilsenstein3 ([email protected]), Rainer ISSN 0967-0262 (print)/ISSN 1469-4433 (online)/15/S10022-120 © 2015 British Phycological Society http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09670262.2015.1069489 Keynote and Oral Papers 23 Pepperkok3 ([email protected]), Eric Karsenti4 targeting diverse biological function, in order to tackle ([email protected]), Chris Bowler5 (cbowler@ all sorts of ecological questions. biologie.ens.fr) and Colomban de Vargas1 (vargas@sb- roscoff.fr) 1Adaptation and Diversity in the Marine 1OR.1 Environment, CNRS-UPMC Station Biolgogique de 2 GAPS TO FILL WHEN ANALYZING Roscoff, Roscoff 29680, France; Structural and FRESHWATER DIATOM DIVERSITY WITH Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology – 3 DNA BARCODING NOTES FROM A Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117, Germany; Advanced BOREAL REGION Light Microscopy Facility, European Molecular 1 Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117, Germany; Maria Kahlert ([email protected]), Agnes 2 4Director’s research, European Molecular Biology Bouchez ([email protected]), Philippe 3 Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117, Germany and 5Institut Chaumeil ([email protected]), 3 de Biologie IBENS, ENS CNRS, PARIS 75005, France Alain Franc ([email protected]), Jean-Marc Frigerio3 (Jean-Marc.Frigerio@pierroton. The mainstream tool in marine ecosystems biology is inra.fr), Frederic Rimet2 ([email protected]. massive DNA sequencing, allowing detailed inventory fr), Franck Salin3 ([email protected])and of microbial environmental genetic diversity. However, Valentin Vasselon 2 ([email protected]) the large majority of meta-omics data, in particular in 1 eukaryotic size-fractions, are not yet assigned to any Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, described organisms. This greatly limits our under- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2 standing of the ecosystemic and biogeochemical func- Uppsala 750 07, Sweden; INRA, UMR CARRTEL, 3 tions of the genetically unveiled diversity. Linking Thonon-les-Bains 74200, France and INRA, UMR environmental genes and genomes to organismal phe- BIOGECO, Cestas 33610, France notypes and morphology is arguably one of the next big challenge in ecosystems ecology. Few available in- The idea of using DNA metabarcoding as a more reli- flow imaging technologies (FlowCytoBot, CytoSense, able and most of all cost-effective tool for environmental ImageStream, FlowCAM . .) propose a valuable ima- assessment based on freshwater benthic diatom biodi- ging rate that may match Next Generation Sequencing versity has enchanted stakeholders now asking when sensitivity. Unfortunately, the trade-off between speed these tools will be available for routine usage. and image quality significantly impacts the images However, traditional methods using diatom taxa data information content and limits analyses to relatively generated by microscopical identification have a good narrow organismal size ranges. We developed a novel rumor to be very effective tools in the assessment of strategy – we call e-HCFM for environmental water quality status, and we should be careful to just High-Content Fluorescence Microscopy – directly exchange methods. Before molecular data can become a inspired from high-throughput quantitative fluores- standard for assessing algal diversity in environmental cence microscopy for cell biology. Our protocol assessment, we need to compare the results of both to includes planktonic cells fixation/multi-staining/ analyze advantages and drawbacks of each method. Downloaded by [University of Kiel] at 02:13 22 September 2015 mounting/automated imaging and taxonomic annota- Here, we present a first analysis of a setup of ecologi- tion. The fluorescent labeling strategy aims at making cally very different streams of Sweden in a quantitative visible all eukaryotic cells by highlighting a few key comparison of DNA metabarcoding (rbcL barcode) and features: nuclei, compartmentalization (i.e. mem- microscopical counts. We used using next-generation branes), chloroplast and exo-skeleton. The use of sequencing, a dedicated bioinformatics pipeline and a Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) allows curated DNA reference library. Many of the dominating 3D-imaging analysis of the wide range of cell size and diatom species of the boreal region were missing in the morphologies displayed by planktonic protists. It sig- database, which complicated the methods comparison. nificantly improves the quality and quantity of mea- Still, even when taxa were represented in the reference surements extracted from each imaged cells. e-HCFM database, we found quite a large number of taxa being may bring critical information on eukaryotic cells detected by only one of the methods. We hypothesize shape, volumes, and organelles, contributing to both that at least a part of this difference depends on the
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