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Traffic Congestion Problems Solving

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Traffic Congestion Problems Solving Using Sense Techniques to Develop a Traffic Control System for Solving Traffic Congestion Problem By Omima Kamal El Din Omer Mohamed B.Sc. Applied Physics and Mathematics Ahlia University, 1999 A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Degree of Master of Science In Computer Science and Information Department of Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Technology University of Gezira Supervisor: Dr. Suliman Mustafa Mohamed Abbker Co- supervisor:Dr.Khalid Osman Daffallah Ahmed October 2011 Using Sense Techniques to Develop a Traffic Control System for Solving Traffic Congestion Problem By Omima Kamal El Din Omer Mohamed Examination Committee : Name Position Signature Dr. Suliman Mustafa Mohamed Abbker Supervisor …………. Dr. Mahmoud Ali Ahmed Mohamed External Examiner …………. Dr. Mohamed Abdalla Adam Almaleh Internal Examiner …………. Date of Examination: 22 / 10/2011 بسم اهلل الرحمن الرحيم قال تعالى: ِ ِ ِ َّ ِ ِ ِ ) اللّهُ ﻻَ إلَهَ إﻻَّ ُهَو الْ َح ُّي الَْقيُّومُ ﻻَ تَأْ ُخ ُذهُ سنَةٌ َوﻻَ نَ ْومٌ لهُ َما في ال َّسَماَوات َوَما في اﻷَْر ِض َمن ذَا َِّ ِ ِ ِِ ِِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ٍ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ الذي يَ ْشَف ُع عْن َدهُ إﻻَّ بإ ْذنه يَ ْعلَ ُم َما بَ ْي َن أَيْديه ْم َوَم ا َخْلَفُه ْم َوﻻَ يُحيطُوَن ب َش ْيء ِّم ْن عْلمه إﻻَّ بَما ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ َشاء َوس َع ُكْرسيُّهُ ال َّسَماَوات َواﻷَْر َض َوﻻَ يَ ُؤوُدهُ حْفظُُهَما َوُهَو الَْعل ُّي الَْعظيم( صدق اهلل العظيم سورة البقرة اﻵية )255( i Dedication To the soul of my Father, the first to teach me. To my beloved Mother, for her support throughout the sadness and happiness To my small family, husband and children, who have provided support, encouragements, efforts, assistances, tolerance, and passion? To All My Sisters Entisar, Amel, SuhA ,Suhair Who are mean everything to me I dedicate this research I would like also not to forget to dedicate this work for all friends and colleagues who have contributed with their invaluable discussions and support. Also to my brother Mohamed Kamal and my sister Mahasim Kamal who has extended valuable support throughout my study. ii Acknowledgement I would like to acknowledge the inspirational instructions and guidance of Dr Suliman Mustafa Mohammed , this dissertation would not have been possible without his guidance and the valuable assistance in the preparation and completion of this study. It is only through his feedback and advice ,I am able to proceed with the analysis and completion of this study. I would also like to acknowledge the support and assistance of the Sudan Traffic Police Department-Khartoum for the valuable data and information on the existing traffic system and also offered a valuable support and assistances. iii Using Sense Techniques to Develop a Traffic Control System for Solving Traffic Congestion Problem Omima Kamal Eldeen Omer Mohamed Master of Science in Computer Science and Information, (2011) Department of Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Technology Abstract Traffic problem is one of the major concerns for both advanced countries and developing countries, and it results in a waste of time efforts and high loss of economic values to society. The main objective of this study is to propose a solution for traffic congestion problem through the design and implementation of a suitable senssor based techniques using intelligent traffic signal simulator. The system developed is able to sense the presence or absence of vehicles within certain range by setting the appropriate duration for the traffic signals to react accordingly. The system designed and analyzed using (java) JDK6, Applet, and UML language. The timing scheme that was implemented promises an improvement in the current traffic light system and this system is feasible, affordable and can be implemented especially during peak hours, the result of a questionnaire shows that 83% accepting the system. The actuated traffic control system as opposed to current used techniques is expected to reduces time delays and ensure economic efficiency. More studies and analysis of the obtained data is recommended to improve the timing of traffic signals and to provide the priority for ambulances and emergency vehicles. iv استخدام تقنية المجسات لتطوير نظام مارقبة حركة المرور لحل مشكلة اﻹزدحام المروري أميمة كمال الدين عمر محمد ماجستير العلوم في علوم الحاسوب والمعلومات 2011 قسم هندسة الحاسوب كلية الهندسة والتكنولوجيا المستخلص مشكلة اﻹزدحام ا لمروري هي واحدة من اﻻهتمامات الرئيسية لكﻻ البلدان المتقدمة والبلدان النامية، ﻷنه يؤدي إلى هدر للوقت والجهود وخسائر اقتصادية للمجتمع ككل .الهدف الرئيسي لهذه الدراسة هو تقديم مقت رح لحل مشكلة ازدحام حركة المرور من خﻻل تصميم وتنفيذ تقنية المجسات استنادا لمحاكاة حركة إشارة ذكية وتطوير نظام قادر على اﻹحساس بوجود أو عدم وجود مركبات داخل نطاق معين عن طريق تحديد مدة مناسبة ﻹاشارت تبعا لذلك .النظام صمم وحلل باستخدام جافا JDK6 ، وتم تحليل البيانات باستخدام لغة النمذجة الموحدة UML ، وهذا النظام ذو جدوى اقتصادية وغير مكلف ويمكن تنفيذه خصوصا خﻻل ساعات الذروة ، وكانت نتائج اﻻستبيان حول النظام هي 83٪ يعتقدون في جدوى النظام في تقليل الزمن المهدر، وتوصي الدراسة بأن يعطى تطبيق البيانات التي تم إنشاؤها لمزيد من الدراسات التحليلية ﻹدخال تحسينات على توقيت ااشارت المرور واعطاء اﻷولوية لسايارت الطوار وسايارت اﻹسعاف. v Table of Content i ……………………………………………………………………………اﻵية Dedication…………………………………………………………………... ii Acknowledgement………………………………………………………….. iii Abstract……………………………………………………………………… iv v ..…………………………………………………………………ملخص الدراسة List of Tables……………………………………………………………….. x List of Figures……………………………………………………………… xi List of Abbreviations………………………………………………………. xii Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Background…………………………………………………….. 1 1.1.1 Historical Background Of Traffic Police of Sudan……………… 1 1.1.2 Traffic Problem…………………………………………………. 2 1.2 Research Problems………………………………… 3 1.3 The Research Objectives ………………………………… 3 1.4 The Significance of the Research………………………………… 3 1.5 Organization of the Dissertation ……………………………….. 4 Chapter 2:Reviewing of Traffic Control Techniques 2.0 Introduction 5 2.1 Ramp Metering ……………………………………………... 5 2.2 Pre-timed Traffic Controls System ……………………………… 7 2.2.1 Pre-timed controls ……………………………………………….. 7 2.3 Stochastic Adaptive Control Model For Traffic Signal Systems ... 8 2.4 Density and Priority Based Traffic Control System Using vi Computer Vision System In Arm Processor……………. 10 2.5 Intelligent transport system (ITS)……………………………….. 11 2.5.1 Background ……………………………………………………… 11 2.5.2 Intelligent Transport Technologies ……………………………… 13 2.5.3 Wireless Communications……………………………………… 13 2.5.4 Computational Technologies…………………………………… 14 2.5.5 Triangulation Method……………………………………………. 15 2.5.6 Vehicle Re. Identification ……………………………………….. 15 2.5.7 GPS Based Methods……………………………………………… 16 2.5.8 Sensing Technologies …………………………………………… 16 2.5.9 Inductive Loop Detection ……………………………………… 17 2.5.10 Video Vehicles Detection ………………………………………. 17 2.6 The Neural Network Approach to Traffic Control………………. 18 2.6.1 System Design……………………………………………………. 18 2.6.2 Neural Network Training ……………………………………….. 19 2.6.3 Error Correction Technique……………………………………… 19 2.6.4 Practical System Application…………………………………….. 20 2.6.5 Results………………………………..……………………… 20 2.7 Over View of Analysis and Design Tools ……………………… 21 2.7.1 HTML Features ………………………………………………… 22 2.7.2 HTML Tables ………………………………………………… 23 2.7.3 HTML Forms…………………………………………………… 23 2.7.4 HTML Images………………………………………………… 23 2.7.5 HTML Concepts………………………………………………… 23 2.7.6 HTML License ……………………………………………… 24 2.7.7 HTML Advantages ……………………………………………… 25 2.7.8 HTML Disadvantages………………………………………… 25 2.8 Java……………………………………………………………….. 25 vii 2.8.1 Java Platform……………………………………………… 26 2.8.2 Java Implementations ………………………………………… 27 2.8.3 Java Performance……………………………………………… 28 2.8.4 Java Simplicity …………………………………………… 29 2.8.5 Java Portability………………………………………………… 29 2.8.6 Java applet ……………………………………………………… 31 2.8.7 Java applet Advantages ………………………… 32 2.8.8 Java applet Disadvantage …………………………………… 33 2.9 Open Source Java Scripts………………………………………… 34 2.9.1 Open Source Software Written in Java………………………… 34 2.10 Unified Modeling Language.....………………………………… 36 2.10.1 Diagrams Overview ……………………………………………… 36 2.10.1.1 Structure Diagrams ………………………………………………. 37 2.11 Rich Internet Application………………………………………… 37 2.12 Internet…………………………………………………………… 38 Chapter 3: System Design and Implementation 3.1 Descriptions of the System………………………………………. 41 3.2 System Analysis 41 3.2.1 Tools of System Analysis ……………………………………… 41 3.2.2 Data Analysis ……………………………………………………. 41 3.3 System Use Case Model……………………………………… 42 3.4 System Flow Chart…………………………………………… 43 3.5 Screen Design……………………………………………………. 44 3.5.1 Home Page……………………………………………………….. 44 3.5.2 About Simulation Page ………………………………………… 45 3.5.3 Traffic Simulation Page ………………………………………….. 46 3.6 System Implementation 47 viii Chapter4: Results and Discussions 4.1 The Results ……………………………………………… 48 Chapter5: Conclusion and Recommendations 5.1 Conclusion……………………………………………………….. 50 5.2 Recommendations ……………………………………………….. 50 References ……………………………………………………….. 51 Appendix (A)…………………………………………………… 52 Appendix (B)……………………………………………………. 53 Appendix (C) ……………………………………….. 65 Appendix (D) ……………………………………….. 68 ix List of Tables Table Page 4.1 Reliability of AC System 48 4.2 User Friendly of AC System 49 4.3 Security of AC System 49 4.4 Speed of AC System 49 C.1 Reliability of PT System 65 C.2 Reliability of NN System 65 C.3 User Friendly of PT System 65 C.4 User Friendly of NN System `66 C.5 Speed of PT System 66 C.6 Speed of NN System 66 C.7 Security of PT System 67 C.8 Security of NN System 67 x List of Figures Figure
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