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Hiklnj=Yvu^Zw LA GUAJIRA Mer des Antilles Département SUCRE ATLANTICO DÉTROIT Cartographie d’UN TERRITOIRE EN FAILLITE Zone d’expulsion des populations indigènes et de déplacés CESAR MAGDALENA Zone de culture de coca en 2012 Zone de culture de coca en cours d’abandon depuis 2010 DIANA SUCRE Présence des FARC NORTE DE CORDOBA SANTANDER VENEZUELA 249 383 SAVA BOLIVAR Arauca ARAUCA Meta Terres rares 300 541 SANTANDER ANTIOQUIA Océan Pacifique VICHADA e u q o BOYACÁ n CALDAS é CASANARE r O RISARALDA Bogota 20 QUINDIO CUNDINAMARCA SOFIA CHOCÓ META a Guaviare n e l TOLIMA a GUAINÍA o d Baie de g a 391 877 Málaga VALLE DEL M CAUCA Fer CAUCA GUAVIARE HUILA BRÉSIL BOENY ANALANJIROFO NARIÑO CAQUETÁ Uaupés VAUPÉS 298 391 346 661 PUTUMAYO BETSIBOKA ÉQUATEUR Caquetá MELAKY 107 879 Putumayo ALAOTRA- AMAZONAS 93 964 MANGORO PÉROU ANALAMANGA 398 253 BONGOLAVA 1 540 565 189 162 ITASY Nickel-cobalt 301 238 Évolution du territoire de Gibraltar… Environnement géostratégique de Gibraltar ARTO n … de 1704 à 1853 Limites des eaux territoriales revendiquées (traité d’Utrecht en 1713) par Gibraltar et contestées par l’Espagne … de 1854 à 1907 Création d’un récif artificiel en juillet 2013 sur ATSINANANA … de 1908 à 2013 une zone de pêche utilisée par les Espagnols VAKINANKARATRA Infrastructures portuaires de la baie Océan (590 hectares gagnés sur la mer en 100 ans) Fret routier d’environ Voie maritime Indien 200 000 camions 701 711 Présence militaire des forces britanniques et de l’OTAN Cartaya Puente 475 368 Mayorga Pourcentage du chômage en avril 2013 LE MONDE EN CARTES pour les villes espagnoles, 2012 pour Gibraltar AMORON’I MANIA C MENABE 251 445 196 532 Campamento 17,5 A R T VATOVAVY- HAUTE-MATSIATRA FITOVINANY NUMÉRO 20 • NOVEMBRE - DÉCEMBRE 2013 Baie d’Algésiras Région SAVA 418 662 398 645 Embarcadère Mine exploitée en 2013 San Felipe La Línea de la Concepción IHOROMBE ATSIMO- Zone où la biodiversité est fortement menacée ANDREFANA 101 960 Aéroport Nombre d’électeurs 387 394 par région au 9 octobre 2013 15,8 Terminal 2,5 Ilménite ATSIMO- Juan Carlos I Pauvreté en 2010 Gibraltar Charbon ATSINANANA ANOSY En pourcentage Vanadium Algésiras 250 480 plus de 90 C 221 549 de 80,1 à 90 Le Rocher de 75 à 80 ANDROY Bauxite moins de 75 Isla Verde Sources : Commission électorale nationale Exterior 201 645 indépendante pour la transition, 2013 ; Institut national de la statistique de Madagascar, 2013 ; IRESA, Madagascar : nouvel eldorado des Vers Ceuta (Espagne) Vers le hub portuaire Caserne Caserne et Tanger (Maroc) de Tanger Med (Maroc) et terrain de compagnies minières et pétrolières, manœuvre Un cinquième du trafic mondial de Ilménite novembre 2012 ; Atlas numérique du système conteneurs passe par Gibraltar et Algésiras , dont la moitié sont des navires de l’opérateur MMaaea rsk. des aires protégées de Madagascar, 2011 Environ 5 millions de passagers et un millioonn dde voooiiittures Caserne 0 75 km passent chaque année par lee détroit Voir Carto no 5 p. 30-31 Carto n 20, 2013 © Areion/Capri Station radar Le détroit de Gibraltar est une porteporte d’entrée de flux informelsinformeels mmodérésodérés ddee mmigrationsigrations cclandestines,landestines, ddee contrecontrebandebande et ddee trafics de drdrogueogue vers l’Europe qui est étroitement surveillsurveilléeée pparar le SSIVEIVE (Système inintégrétégré de vigilance extérieur), créé en 19919988 ALLEMAGNE UN MODÈLE POUr l’EUROPE ? GIBRALTAR LE ROCHER DE LA DISCORDE HUMANITAIRE VERS UNE COOPÉRATION SUD-SUD ? BELGIQUE / LUXEMBOURG / ALLEMAGNE / GRÈCE / ITALIE / PORTUGAL € - CANADA CONT. : 12 $ - DOM : 16 € - MAROC : 11.50 MAD : 110 - SUISSE CHF : 19 - TOM : 1400 CF D - R E COMPRENDRE LE MONDE ET SES RÉSEAUX 10,95 F: - 20 M 01394 WWW.CARTO-PRESSE.COM 3’:HIKLNJ=YVU^ZW:?a@a@c@k@k"; LA MONDIALISATION CARTE En partenariat avec BLANCHE… Migrations africaines Europe Origines et destinations (7 747 000) des migrants africains, situation en 2010 Migrations : intra-africaines (par pays) Moyen-Orient extra-africaines (par régions) (3 758 000) Nombre de migrants, 2010 Mali Niger 1 309 000 Tchad (1) Soudan 1 000 000 (3)(2) Somalie 1 Burkina Faso Nigeria 500 000 2 Bénin Éthiopie 3 Togo (5) (4) 100 000 4 Ghana 5 Côte d’Ivoire (6) 25 000 6 Ouganda Kenya Seules les valeurs supérieures RDC à 25 000 sont représentées, Amérique du Nord Asie soit 88 % des migrations (1 681 000) Tanzanie (248 000) intra-africaines Amérique latine Océanie et Caraïbes (359 000) (29 000) Angola Malawi INTRAAFRICAINES EXTRAAFRICAINES 13 822 000 Mozambique Europe Moyen- Orient dont France Amériques Asie et Source : United Nations, Océanie Department of Economic Afrique and Social Affairs (2012), 15 506 000 7 747 000 3 758 000 607 000 du Sud Trends in International Migrant Stock: 2 628 000 1 710 000 Migrants by Destination and Origin Sciences Po - Atelier de cartographie, 2013 (United Nations database, POP/DB/MIG/Stock/Rev.2012), www.un.org/esa/population n migrant d’Afrique sur deux, soit plus les 15 membres de la Communauté économique sorte de compensation s’est faite entre les pays de 15,5 millions de personnes en 2010, des États d’Afrique de l’Ouest (CEDEAO). Mais qui avaient des ressources et ceux qui avaient U s’installe dans un autre pays du conti- ce dernier fonctionne mal à cause des crises qui de la main-d’œuvre. nent ; un fait que beaucoup ignorent, croyant conduisent à la fermeture des frontières. Une En Afrique centrale, la libre circulation des per- que l’Europe est leur destination exclusive. Cette autre dynamique Sud-Sud se dessine à l’est : sonnes et des biens entre le Cameroun, la Centra- réalité s’inscrit dans une tendance plus large, où l’essentiel des individus venant d’Érythrée frique, le Congo, le Gabon, la Guinée équatoriale les migrations se dirigeant vers le Sud (110 mil- et de Somalie se dirige vers l’Éthiopie, le et le Tchad doit entrer en vigueur en 2014. Un lions d’individus en 2010) rejoignent celles allant Soudan et le Kenya. autre espace autour de l’Afrique du Sud séduit vers le Nord (130 millions). Au Sahel, ce n’est pas le nomadisme qui ali- les Subsahariens de la moitié méridionale du On observe plusieurs systèmes migratoires mente les migrations vers l’extérieur, car le ré- continent. Le Maghreb se tourne vers l’Europe régionaux, où les espaces de circulation sont chauffement climatique a moins d’impact sur et la Libye, du fait de ses réserves pétrolières et parfois accompagnés de régimes de libre cir- les déplacements transsahariens que les tra- de son rôle de porte d’entrée vers la rive nord culation intérieure, comme celui existant entre ditions migratoires des régions humides. Une de la Méditerranée. C. Wihtol de Wenden CARTO 20 56 Novembre - Décembre 2013.
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