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Kayak Exerciser Machine KAYAK EXERCISER MACHINE MIM U701-702 Technical Design Report KAYAK EXERCISER MACHINE Final Report Design Advisor: Prof. Grant Warner Design Team Miriam Barsalou, Matthew Cupka, Nick Fedas Craig McGreevy, Amy Wojtowicz April 18, 2006 Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering College of Engineering, Northeastern University Boston, MA 02115 Acknowledgments We the team members, Miriam Barsalou, Matthew Cupka, Craig McGreevy, Nick Fedas and Amy Wojtowicz Would like to acknowledge and thank the following individuals for their help, devotion and time that they have given us when they clearly had important things to take care of themselves. Our Advisor: Professor Grant Warner Capstone Supervisor: Professor Greg Kowalski Capstone Machine Technician: Jon Doughty Capstone Lab Technicians: Richard Weston, LeBaron Briggs Faculty Advisors: Professor Jeff Doughy, Professor Jeff Ruberti, Professor Thomas Cullinane, Prof. Mohammed Taslim, Prof. Sinan Muftu Capstone TA’s: Zeynep D. Ok, Ipek Stillman Northeastern Faculty: Linda Cincotti, Noah Japhet We would like to thank all the other Capstone groups for their help and support as well. The capstone lab clearly would not have been the same without our friends and classmates right there with us. We would like to thank Asst Director of Campus Recreation, Kristen Miller, and the Department of Athletics for providing our group with a Concept II rowing machine to help support the prototype we had developed and to allow us to test our design first hand. Finally, we would like to thank the individuals that assisted in our research and gathering potential customer feedback on kayaks, kayak ergometers and changes they would like to see made to currently available kayaks. Copyright “We the team members, Miriam Barsalou Matthew Cupka Craig McGreevy Nick Fedas Amy Wojtowicz faculty advisor – Professor Grant Warner Hereby assign our copyright of this report and of the corresponding Executive Summary to the Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering (MIME) Department of Northeastern University.” We also hereby agree that the video of our Oral Presentations is the full property of the MIME Department. Publication of this report does not constitute approval by Northeastern University, the MIME Department or its faculty members of the findings or conclusions contained herein. It is published for the exchange and stimulation of ideas. KAYAK EXERCISER PROJECT Design Team Miriam Barsalou, Matthew Cupka Nick Fedas, Craig McGreevy, Amy Wojtowicz Design Advisor Prof. Grant Warner Abstract Currently available kayak ergometers do not incorporate the complete kayak motion. Research and consumer feedback show these training devices have shortcomings when it comes to balance training, and torso involvement. To address this issue an improved platform was developed for use with the Vermont Waterways Concept II adapter (Figure 1). The platform will include a cockpit, with features similar to those of a real kayak, which will allow the yaw and roll motion one experiences when using a kayak on water. By increasing the involvement of the lower body and incorporating the need for balance into the ergo-meter, the platform will give the user a better workout and training routine. The lower body adapter includes adjustable features such as thigh braces and a braking system to allow the user to vary the level of resistance. Acknowledgments..............................................................................................................................ii Copyright ......................................................................................................................................... iii Abstract.............................................................................................................................................iv List of Figures................................................................................................................................ viii List of Tables ....................................................................................................................................ix 1 Introduction............................................................................................................................1 2 Project Description.................................................................................................................1 3 Research.................................................................................................................................2 3.1 Existing Machines......................................................................................................2 3.1.1 KayakPro Speedstroke and Dansprint .......................................................................3 3.1.2 Vermont Waterways Concept II Adaptor ..................................................................4 3.2 Biomechanics.............................................................................................................4 3.2.1 Muscle Groups...........................................................................................................5 3.2.1.1 Leg use differences in different kayaks .................................................................6 3.3 Communication with kayakers ..................................................................................7 3.4 Kayak stroke..............................................................................................................8 3.4.1 Righting moment .......................................................................................................8 4 Project Concept....................................................................................................................11 5 Design Requirements...........................................................................................................13 5.1 Basic Requirements .................................................................................................13 5.2 Pivot Mechanism Requirements ..............................................................................13 5.3 Cockpit Requirements..............................................................................................13 5.4 Kayak Adaptor for Concept II Requirements ..........................................................14 5.5 Special Considerations.............................................................................................14 5.6 Number of Cycles....................................................................................................14 6 Previous Designs..................................................................................................................15 6.1 One piece cockpit.....................................................................................................15 6.2 Separate pivot mechanism and leg braces ...............................................................15 6.2.1 Leg braces................................................................................................................16 6.2.2 Pivot mechanisms ....................................................................................................16 6.2.2.1 Ball and socket.....................................................................................................17 v 6.2.2.2 Hull shaped pivot support with separate resistance and range of motion............17 6.2.2.3 Rounded rectangle pivot support with extension spring resistance.....................18 7 Design ..................................................................................................................................18 7.1 Pivot mechanism with cockpit.................................................................................19 7.1.1 Pivot mechanism......................................................................................................20 7.1.1.1 Attachment...........................................................................................................21 7.1.1.2 Roll Mechanism...................................................................................................22 7.1.1.3 Yaw Mechanism..................................................................................................23 7.1.1.4 Torsion Spring System.........................................................................................24 7.1.1.5 Compression Springs...........................................................................................25 7.1.2 Cockpit.....................................................................................................................26 7.2 Concept II Kayak Stroke Adaptor............................................................................27 8 Cost Analysis.......................................................................................................................29 9 Future improvements ...........................................................................................................32 9.1 Resistance mechanism .............................................................................................32 9.2 Roll and yaw brakes.................................................................................................33 9.3 User friendly cockpit................................................................................................33 9.4 Improved pivot mechanism attachment...................................................................33 9.5 Restrict yaw
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