(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9,597,284 B2 Ackermann, Jr

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9,597,284 B2 Ackermann, Jr USO0959.7284B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9,597,284 B2 Ackermann, Jr. et al. (45) Date of Patent: *Mar. 21, 2017 (54) DRY EYE TREATMENTS (58) Field of Classification Search USPC .......................................................... 424/400 (71) Applicant: Oyster Point Pharma, Inc., South San See application file for complete search history. Francisco, CA (US) (56) References Cited (72) Inventors: Douglas Michael Ackermann, Jr., San Francisco, CA (US); James Loudin, U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS Houston, TX (US); Kenneth J. 6,277,855 B1 8, 2001 Yerxa, Mandell, Arlington, MA (US) 2006, OO84656 A1 4/2006 Ziegler et al. 2011 OO86086 A1 4/2011 Johnson et al. (73) Assignee: Oyster Point Pharma, Inc., San 2011 O274628 A1 11/2011 Borschke Francisco, CA (US) 2012,0289572 A1 1 1/2012 Mazurov et al. (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS patent is extended or adjusted under 35 EP 1214062 B1 11, 2003 U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. WO WO-03005998 A2 1, 2003 WO WO-03045394 A1 6, 2003 This patent is Subject to a terminal dis WO WO-2004039366 A1 5, 2004 claimer. WO WO 2006/100075 * 9/2006 WO WO-2008O57938 A1 5, 2008 (21) Appl. No.: 14/887,248 WO WO-2009111550 A1 9, 2009 WO WO-2010O28011 A1 3, 2010 (22) Filed: Oct. 19, 2015 WO WO-2010O28033 A1 3, 2010 (65) Prior Publication Data OTHER PUBLICATIONS US 2016/0106745 A1 Apr. 21, 2016 Mazzanti (Int. J. Devl Neuroscience 25 (2007) 259-264.* Beule (GMS Current Topics in Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery 2010, vol. 9, 1-24).* Related U.S. Application Data Thuerauf (Psychopharmacology (1999) 142 : 236-243).* Albietz (Clinical and Experimental Optometry 84.1 Jan.-Feb. 2001, (60) Provisional application No. 62/066,280, filed on Oct. pp. 4-18).* 20, 2014, provisional application No. 62/100,844, PCT/US2015/56273 International Search Report and Written Opin filed on Jan. 7, 2015. ion dated Jan. 8, 2016. Co-pending U.S. Appl. No. 14/887,243, filed Oct. 19, 2015. Co-pending U.S. Appl. No. 14/887.253, filed Oct. 19, 2015. (51) Int. Cl. Co-pending U.S. Appl. No. 14/887.259, filed Oct. 19, 2015. A6 IK 9/00 (2006.01) U.S. Appl. No. 14/887.243 Office Action dated Mar. 24, 2016. A6 IK 3/439 (2006.01) U.S. Appl. No. 14/887.253 Office Action dated Mar. 23, 2016. A6 IK 3/4439 (2006.01) U.S. Appl. No. 14/887.259 Office Action dated Mar. 21, 2016. A6 IK 3/4427 (2006.01) A6 IK 3/4985 (2006.01) * cited by examiner A6 IK 45/06 (2006.01) A 6LX 3L/21995 (2006.01) Primary Examiner — Devang Thakor (52) U.S. Cl. CPC ............ A61K 9/0043 (2013.01); A61K 9/007 (57) ABSTRACT (2013.01); A61K 31/439 (2013.01); A61 K Described herein are methods and pharmaceutical formula 3 1/4427 (2013.01); A61K 31/4439 (2013.01); tions for treating dry eye disease. A6 IK3I/4985 (2013.01); A61K 31/4995 (2013.01); A61K 45/06 (2013.01) 15 Claims, 2 Drawing Sheets U.S. Patent Mar. 21, 2017 Sheet 1 of 2 US 9,597,284 B2 IQunõ14 x: U.S. Patent Mar. 21, 2017. Sheet 2 of 2 US 9,597,284 B2 S && S C S S S '''''''''''''''''''''': O &: i US 9,597,284 B2 1. 2 DRY EYE TREATMENTS Provided herein, in some embodiments, is a method of increasing tear production, comprising the local administra CROSS-REFERENCE tion of a therapeutically effective amount of a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist into the nasal cavity of an This application claims benefit of U.S. Provisional Appli individual in need thereof, wherein the agonist selectively cation No. 62/066,280, filed on Oct. 20, 2014, and U.S. binds to the peripheral nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and Provisional Application No. 62/100,844, filed on Jan. 7, does not cross the blood-brain barrier in a pharmacologically 2015, both of which are herein incorporated by reference in relevant concentration. In some embodiments is method of their entirety. increasing tear production, comprising the local administra 10 tion of a therapeutically effective amount of a nicotinic BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION acetylcholine receptor agonist into the nasal cavity of an individual in need thereof, wherein the agonist does not Dry Eye Disease (“DED) is a condition that affects cross the blood-brain barrier in a pharmacologically relevant millions of people worldwide. Approximately 40 million concentration and selectively binds to at least one of the people in North America have some form of dry eye, and 15 peripheral nicotinic acetylcholine receptor Subtypes selected many millions more suffer worldwide. DED results from the from alpha3beta4, alpha-4beta2, and alpha7. In some disruption of the natural tear film on the surface of the eye, embodiments is a method of increasing tear production, and can result in ocular discomfort, visual disturbance and comprising the local administration of a therapeutically a reduction in vision-related quality of life. Patients with effective amount of a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ago severe cases of DED are at risk for serious ocular health nist into the nasal cavity of an individual in need thereof, deficiencies such as corneal ulceration, and can experience wherein the agonist selectively binds to the peripheral a quality of life deficiency comparable to that of moderate nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and is administered in an Severe angina. amount that is not systemically bioavailable. In some embodiments is a method of increasing tear production, SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 25 comprising the local administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ago Provided herein, in some embodiments, is a method of nist into the nasal cavity of an individual in need thereof, increasing tear production, comprising the local administra wherein the agonist selectively binds to the peripheral tion of a therapeutically effective amount of a nicotinic nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and in an amount that does acetylcholine receptor agonist into the nasal cavity of an 30 not result in undesired psychoactive side effects. In some individual in need thereof, wherein the agonist selectively embodiments is a method of increasing tear production, binds to the peripheral nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. In comprising the local administration of a therapeutically Some embodiments, is a method of increasing tear produc effective amount of a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ago tion, comprising the local administration of a therapeutically nist into the nasal cavity of an individual in need thereof, effective amount of a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ago 35 wherein the agonist selectively binds to the peripheral nist into the nasal cavity of an individual in need thereof, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and in an amount that does wherein the agonist selectively binds to the peripheral not result in undesired systemic side effects. nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and does not cross the Further provided herein, in some embodiments, is a blood-brain barrier in a pharmacologically relevant concen method of treating dry eye, comprising the local adminis tration. In some embodiments is method of increasing tear 40 tration of a therapeutically effective amount of a nicotinic production, comprising the local administration of a thera acetylcholine receptor agonist into the nasal cavity of an peutically effective amount of a nicotinic acetylcholine individual in need thereof, wherein the agonist selectively receptoragonist into the nasal cavity of an individual in need binds to the peripheral nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. In thereof, wherein the agonist selectively binds to at least one Some embodiments, is a method of treating dry eye, com of the peripheral nicotinic acetylcholine receptor Subtypes 45 prising the local administration of a therapeutically effective selected from alpha3beta4, alpha-4beta2, and alpha7. In amount of a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist into the Some embodiments is a method of increasing tear produc nasal cavity of an individual in need thereof, wherein the tion, comprising the local administration of a therapeutically agonist selectively binds to the peripheral nicotinic acetyl effective amount of a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ago choline receptor and does not cross the blood-brain barrier nist into the nasal cavity of an individual in need thereof, 50 in a pharmacologically relevant concentration. In some wherein the agonist selectively binds to the peripheral embodiments is method of treating dry eye, comprising the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and is administered in an local administration of a therapeutically effective amount of amount that is not systemically bioavailable. In some a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist into the nasal embodiments is a method of increasing tear production, cavity of an individual in need thereof, wherein the agonist comprising the local administration of a therapeutically 55 selectively binds to at least one of the peripheral nicotinic effective amount of a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ago acetylcholine receptor subtypes selected from alpha3beta4, nist into the nasal cavity of an individual in need thereof, alpha-4-beta2, and alpha7. In some embodiments is a method wherein the agonist selectively binds to the peripheral of treating dry eye, comprising the local administration of a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and in an amount that does therapeutically effective amount of a nicotinic acetylcholine not result in undesired psychoactive side effects. In some 60 receptoragonist into the nasal cavity of an individual in need embodiments is a method of increasing tear production, thereof, wherein the agonist selectively binds to the periph comprising the local administration of a therapeutically eral nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and is administered in effective amount of a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ago an amount that is not systemically bioavailable. In some nist into the nasal cavity of an individual in need thereof, embodiments is a method of treating dry eye, comprising the wherein the agonist selectively binds to the peripheral 65 local administration of a therapeutically effective amount of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and in an amount that does a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist into the nasal not result in undesired systemic side effects.
Recommended publications
  • PRODUCT INFORMATION ABT-594 Item No
    PRODUCT INFORMATION ABT-594 Item No. 22822 CAS Registry No.: 203564-54-9 Formal Name: 5-[(2R)-2-azetidinylmethoxy]-2- H chloro-pyridine, monohydrochloride N Synonyms: Ebanicline, Tebanicline O MF: C9H11ClN2O • HCl FW: 235.1 N Purity: ≥95% Cl Supplied as: A solid • HCl Storage: -20°C Stability: ≥2 years Information represents the product specifications. Batch specific analytical results are provided on each certificate of analysis. Laboratory Procedures ABT-594 is supplied as a solid. A stock solution may be made by dissolving the ABT-594 in the solvent of choice. ABT-594 is soluble in the organic solvent DMSO, which should be purged with an inert gas. Description ABT-594 is a potent agonist of neuronal α4β2 subunit-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors 1 (nAChRs; Ki = 37 pM in a radioligand binding assay). It is selective for neuronal nAChRs over neuromuscular α1β1δγ subunit-containing nAChRs (Ki = 10,000 nM), α1B-, α2B-, and α2C-adrenergic receptors (Kis = 890, 597, and 342 nM, respectively), and 70 other receptors, enzymes, and transporters 86 + (Kis = >1,000 nM) in radioligand binding assays. ABT-594 induces [ Rb ] efflux in K177 cells transfected with human neuronal α4β2 subunit-containing nAChRs (EC50 = 140 nM). In vivo, ABT-594 (0.05 and 0.01 mg/kg, s.c.) increases latency to paw withdrawal in a hot-plate test in rats.2 It also induces hypothermia, seizures, and an increase in blood pressure. References 1. Donnelly-Roberts, D.L., Puttfarcken, P.S., Kuntzweiler, T.A., et al. ABT-594 [(R)-5-(2-azetidinylmethoxy)- 2-chloropyridine]: A novel, orally effective analgesic acting via neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: I.
    [Show full text]
  • (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub
    US 20130289061A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2013/0289061 A1 Bhide et al. (43) Pub. Date: Oct. 31, 2013 (54) METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS TO Publication Classi?cation PREVENT ADDICTION (51) Int. Cl. (71) Applicant: The General Hospital Corporation, A61K 31/485 (2006-01) Boston’ MA (Us) A61K 31/4458 (2006.01) (52) U.S. Cl. (72) Inventors: Pradeep G. Bhide; Peabody, MA (US); CPC """"" " A61K31/485 (201301); ‘4161223011? Jmm‘“ Zhu’ Ansm’ MA. (Us); USPC ......... .. 514/282; 514/317; 514/654; 514/618; Thomas J. Spencer; Carhsle; MA (US); 514/279 Joseph Biederman; Brookline; MA (Us) (57) ABSTRACT Disclosed herein is a method of reducing or preventing the development of aversion to a CNS stimulant in a subject (21) App1_ NO_; 13/924,815 comprising; administering a therapeutic amount of the neu rological stimulant and administering an antagonist of the kappa opioid receptor; to thereby reduce or prevent the devel - . opment of aversion to the CNS stimulant in the subject. Also (22) Flled' Jun‘ 24’ 2013 disclosed is a method of reducing or preventing the develop ment of addiction to a CNS stimulant in a subj ect; comprising; _ _ administering the CNS stimulant and administering a mu Related U‘s‘ Apphcatlon Data opioid receptor antagonist to thereby reduce or prevent the (63) Continuation of application NO 13/389,959, ?led on development of addiction to the CNS stimulant in the subject. Apt 27’ 2012’ ?led as application NO_ PCT/US2010/ Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions comprising 045486 on Aug' 13 2010' a central nervous system stimulant and an opioid receptor ’ antagonist.
    [Show full text]
  • Efforts Towards the Synthesis of Epibatidine By: Marianne Hanna
    Efforts Towards the Synthesis of Epibatidine By: Marianne Hanna (Junior-Biochemistry major) Faculty Advisor: Dr. Thomas Montgomery Duquesne University- Bayer School of Natural Sciences 1 Abstract: Epibatidine is a naturally toxic chemical found in the secretion of poison dart frogs. Given its structural similarities to the compound nicotine epibatidine binds strongly to nicotine receptors in the central nervous system (CTS). Epibatidine’s bioactivity arises from its unique geometry which allows it to bind to the α4β2 subunit in the nicotinic receptor. This triggers an analgesic effect without a release of dopamine, differentiating its activity from opioids. Prior efforts towards synthesizing epibatidine and its analogs have involved many steps making them untenable for pharmaceutical use. By using computational and experimental methods to study the mechanism for an interrupted Polonovski [3+2] cycloaddition which will give direct access to the epibatidine core motif. By synthesizing strategic derivatives of epibatidine through this route we will investigate opioid alternatives which lack many of their addictive qualities. Background: Epibatidine is a toxic alkaloid that is isolated from the skin of poison dart tree frog Epipedobates tricolor, secretions from the frog are used by indigenous tribes in darts for hunting.1 The chemical structure was established in 1992 using NMR spectroscopy (proton NMR).2 Epibatidine possesses significant medicinal properties, it functions as an analgesic agent by binding to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) instead of the opioid receptors.3 Moreover it displays an affinity for said receptors that is 100- to 200-fold higher than nicotine. The alkaloid interacts with Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are ligand-gated ion channels and are expressed central and peripherally.
    [Show full text]
  • JPET #226803 Title Page Effects of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor
    JPET Fast Forward. Published on September 10, 2015 as DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.226803 This article has not been copyedited and formatted. The final version may differ from this version. 1 JPET #226803 Title Page Effects of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists in assays of acute pain-stimulated and pain- depressed behaviors in rats Kelen. C. Freitas, F. Ivy Carroll, and S. Stevens Negus Downloaded from Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, jpet.aspetjournals.org Richmond VA, USA Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA at ASPET Journals on September 26, 2021 JPET Fast Forward. Published on September 10, 2015 as DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.226803 This article has not been copyedited and formatted. The final version may differ from this version. 2 JPET #226803 Running Title Page Effects of nicotinic drugs on pain-depressed behavior Address correspondence to: Kelen Freitas, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Downloaded from Virginia Commonwealth University, 410 North 12th Street, PO Box 980613, Richmond, VA 23298. Telephone: (804) 828-3158 Fax: (804) 828-2117 Email: [email protected] jpet.aspetjournals.org Number of text pages: 37 at ASPET Journals on September 26, 2021 Number of tables: 1 Number of figures: 6 Number of references: 76 Number of words in the abstract: 241 Number of words in the introduction: 746 Number of words in the discussion: 1.250 List of non-standard abbreviations nAChRs, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors DhβE, dihydro-ß-ertyroidine MD-354, Meta-chlorophenylguanidine Nicotine, (-)-nicotine hydrogen tartrate PNU 282987, N-(3R)-1-Azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-yl-4-chlorobenzamide 5-I-A-85380, 5-[123I]iodo-3-[2(S)-2-azetidinylmethoxy]pyridine ICSS, intracranial self-stimulation MCR, maximum control rate %MCR, percentage of MCR ANOVA, analysis of variance JPET Fast Forward.
    [Show full text]
  • Modifications to the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States To
    U.S. International Trade Commission COMMISSIONERS Shara L. Aranoff, Chairman Daniel R. Pearson, Vice Chairman Deanna Tanner Okun Charlotte R. Lane Irving A. Williamson Dean A. Pinkert Address all communications to Secretary to the Commission United States International Trade Commission Washington, DC 20436 U.S. International Trade Commission Washington, DC 20436 www.usitc.gov Modifications to the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States to Implement the Dominican Republic- Central America-United States Free Trade Agreement With Respect to Costa Rica Publication 4038 December 2008 (This page is intentionally blank) Pursuant to the letter of request from the United States Trade Representative of December 18, 2008, set forth in the Appendix hereto, and pursuant to section 1207(a) of the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act, the Commission is publishing the following modifications to the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTS) to implement the Dominican Republic- Central America-United States Free Trade Agreement, as approved in the Dominican Republic-Central America- United States Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act, with respect to Costa Rica. (This page is intentionally blank) Annex I Effective with respect to goods that are entered, or withdrawn from warehouse for consumption, on or after January 1, 2009, the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTS) is modified as provided herein, with bracketed matter included to assist in the understanding of proclaimed modifications. The following supersedes matter now in the HTS. (1). General note 4 is modified as follows: (a). by deleting from subdivision (a) the following country from the enumeration of independent beneficiary developing countries: Costa Rica (b).
    [Show full text]
  • Neuronal Nicotinic Receptors
    NEURONAL NICOTINIC RECEPTORS Dr Christopher G V Sharples and preparations lend themselves to physiological and pharmacological investigations, and there followed a Professor Susan Wonnacott period of intense study of the properties of nAChR- mediating transmission at these sites. nAChRs at the Department of Biology and Biochemistry, muscle endplate and in sympathetic ganglia could be University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK distinguished by their respective preferences for C10 and C6 polymethylene bistrimethylammonium Susan Wonnacott is Professor of compounds, notably decamethonium and Neuroscience and Christopher Sharples is a hexamethonium,5 providing the first hint of diversity post-doctoral research officer within the among nAChRs. Department of Biology and Biochemistry at Biochemical approaches to elucidate the structure the University of Bath. Their research and function of the nAChR protein in the 1970’s were focuses on understanding the molecular and facilitated by the abundance of nicotinic synapses cellular events underlying the effects of akin to the muscle endplate, in electric organs of the acute and chronic nicotinic receptor electric ray,Torpedo , and eel, Electrophorus . High stimulation. This is with the goal of affinity snakea -toxins, principallyaa -bungarotoxin ( - Bgt), enabled the nAChR protein to be purified, and elucidating the structure, function and subsequently resolved into 4 different subunits regulation of neuronal nicotinic receptors. designateda ,bg , and d .6 An additional subunit, e , was subsequently identified in adult muscle. In the early 1980’s, these subunits were cloned and sequenced, The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) arguably and the era of the molecular analysis of the nAChR has the longest history of experimental study of any commenced.
    [Show full text]
  • Ion Channels
    UC Davis UC Davis Previously Published Works Title THE CONCISE GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY 2019/20: Ion channels. Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1442g5hg Journal British journal of pharmacology, 176 Suppl 1(S1) ISSN 0007-1188 Authors Alexander, Stephen PH Mathie, Alistair Peters, John A et al. Publication Date 2019-12-01 DOI 10.1111/bph.14749 License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 4.0 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California S.P.H. Alexander et al. The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2019/20: Ion channels. British Journal of Pharmacology (2019) 176, S142–S228 THE CONCISE GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY 2019/20: Ion channels Stephen PH Alexander1 , Alistair Mathie2 ,JohnAPeters3 , Emma L Veale2 , Jörg Striessnig4 , Eamonn Kelly5, Jane F Armstrong6 , Elena Faccenda6 ,SimonDHarding6 ,AdamJPawson6 , Joanna L Sharman6 , Christopher Southan6 , Jamie A Davies6 and CGTP Collaborators 1School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK 2Medway School of Pharmacy, The Universities of Greenwich and Kent at Medway, Anson Building, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Chatham, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK 3Neuroscience Division, Medical Education Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK 4Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria 5School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK 6Centre for Discovery Brain Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK Abstract The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2019/20 is the fourth in this series of biennial publications. The Concise Guide provides concise overviews of the key properties of nearly 1800 human drug targets with an emphasis on selective pharmacology (where available), plus links to the open access knowledgebase source of drug targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.org), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties.
    [Show full text]
  • Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters
    Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 18 (2008) 4651–4654 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/bmcl Epiboxidine and novel-related analogues: A convenient synthetic approach and estimation of their affinity at neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes Luca Rizzi a, Clelia Dallanoce a,*, Carlo Matera a, Pietro Magrone a, Luca Pucci b, Cecilia Gotti b, Francesco Clementi b, Marco De Amici a a Istituto di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica ‘‘Pietro Pratesi”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy b CNR, Istituto di Neuroscienze, Farmacologia Cellulare e Molecolare e Dipartimento Farmacologia, Chemioterapia e Tossicologia Medica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milano, Italy article info abstract Article history: Racemic exo-epiboxidine 3, endo-epiboxidine 6, and the two unsaturated epiboxidine-related derivatives Received 18 June 2008 7 and 8 were efficiently prepared taking advantage of a palladium-catalyzed Stille coupling as the key Revised 3 July 2008 step in the reaction sequence. The target compounds were assayed for their binding affinity at neuronal Accepted 4 July 2008 a4b2 and a7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Epiboxidine 3 behaved as a high affinity a4b2 ligand Available online 10 July 2008 (Ki = 0.4 nM) and, interestingly, evidenced a relevant affinity also for the a7 subtype (Ki = 6 nM). Deriva- tive 7, the closest analogue of 3 in this group, bound with lower affinity at both receptor subtypes Keywords: (K = 50 nM for a4b2 and K = 1.6 lM for a7) evidenced a gain in the a4b2 versus a7 selectivity when Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors i i compared with the model compound.
    [Show full text]
  • The Use of Stems in the Selection of International Nonproprietary Names (INN) for Pharmaceutical Substances
    WHO/PSM/QSM/2006.3 The use of stems in the selection of International Nonproprietary Names (INN) for pharmaceutical substances 2006 Programme on International Nonproprietary Names (INN) Quality Assurance and Safety: Medicines Medicines Policy and Standards The use of stems in the selection of International Nonproprietary Names (INN) for pharmaceutical substances FORMER DOCUMENT NUMBER: WHO/PHARM S/NOM 15 © World Health Organization 2006 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel.: +41 22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 4857; e-mail: [email protected]). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications – whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution – should be addressed to WHO Press, at the above address (fax: +41 22 791 4806; e-mail: [email protected]). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters.
    [Show full text]
  • Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors
    nAChR Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors nAChRs (nicotinic acetylcholine receptors) are neuron receptor proteins that signal for muscular contraction upon a chemical stimulus. They are cholinergic receptors that form ligand-gated ion channels in the plasma membranes of certain neurons and on the presynaptic and postsynaptic sides of theneuromuscular junction. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are the best-studied of the ionotropic receptors. Like the other type of acetylcholine receptor-the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR)-the nAChR is triggered by the binding of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh). Just as muscarinic receptors are named such because they are also activated by muscarine, nicotinic receptors can be opened not only by acetylcholine but also by nicotine —hence the name "nicotinic". www.MedChemExpress.com 1 nAChR Inhibitors & Modulators (+)-Sparteine (-)-(S)-B-973B Cat. No.: HY-W008350 Cat. No.: HY-114269 Bioactivity: (+)-Sparteine is a natural alkaloid acting as a ganglionic Bioactivity: (-)-(S)-B-973B is a potent allosteric agonist and positive blocking agent. (+)-Sparteine competitively blocks nicotinic allosteric modulator of α7 nAChR, with antinociceptive ACh receptor in the neurons. activity [1]. Purity: 98.0% Purity: 99.93% Clinical Data: No Development Reported Clinical Data: No Development Reported Size: 10mM x 1mL in Water, Size: 10mM x 1mL in DMSO, 100 mg 5 mg, 10 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg (±)-Epibatidine A-867744 (CMI 545) Cat. No.: HY-101078 Cat. No.: HY-12149 Bioactivity: (±)-Epibatidine is a nicotinic agonist. (±)-Epibatidine is a Bioactivity: A-867744 is a positive allosteric modulator of α7 nAChRs (IC50 neuronal nAChR agonist. values are 0.98 and 1.12 μM for human and rat α7 receptor ACh-evoked currents respectively, in X.
    [Show full text]
  • (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2011/0245287 A1 Holaday Et Al
    US 20110245287A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2011/0245287 A1 Holaday et al. (43) Pub. Date: Oct. 6, 2011 (54) HYBRD OPOD COMPOUNDS AND Publication Classification COMPOSITIONS (51) Int. Cl. A6II 3/4748 (2006.01) C07D 489/02 (2006.01) (76) Inventors: John W. Holaday, Bethesda, MD A6IP 25/04 (2006.01) (US); Philip Magistro, Randolph, (52) U.S. Cl. ........................................... 514/282:546/45 NJ (US) (57) ABSTRACT Disclosed are hybrid opioid compounds, mixed opioid salts, (21) Appl. No.: 13/024,298 compositions comprising the hybrid opioid compounds and mixed opioid salts, and methods of use thereof. More particu larly, in one aspect the hybrid opioid compound includes at (22) Filed: Feb. 9, 2011 least two opioid compounds that are covalently bonded to a linker moiety. In another aspect, the hybrid opioid compound relates to mixed opioid salts comprising at least two different Related U.S. Application Data opioid compounds or an opioid compound and a different active agent. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical composi (60) Provisional application No. 61/302,657, filed on Feb. tions, as well as to methods of treating pain in humans using 9, 2010. the hybrid compounds and mixed opioid salts. Patent Application Publication Oct. 6, 2011 Sheet 1 of 3 US 2011/0245287 A1 Oral antinociception of morphine, oxycodone and prodrug combinations in CD1 mice s Tigkg -- Morphine (2.80 mg/kg (1.95 - 4.02, 30' peak time -- (Oxycodone (1.93 mg/kg (1.33 - 2,65)) 30 peak time -- Oxy. Mor (1:1) (4.84 mg/kg (3.60 - 8.50) 60 peak tire --MLN 2-3 peak, effect at a hors 24% with closes at 2.5 art to rigg - D - MLN 2-45 (6.60 mg/kg (5.12 - 8.51)} 60 peak time Figure 1.
    [Show full text]
  • WO 2012/109445 Al 16 August 2012 (16.08.2012) P O P C T
    (12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2012/109445 Al 16 August 2012 (16.08.2012) P O P C T (51) International Patent Classification: (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every A61K 31/485 (2006.01) A61P 25/04 (2006.01) kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BR, BW, BY, BZ, (21) International Application Number: CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, DO, PCT/US20 12/024482 DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, HN, (22) International Filing Date: HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KM, KN, KP, KR, ' February 2012 (09.02.2012) KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, (25) Filing Language: English OM, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SC, SD, (26) Publication Language: English SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. (30) Priority Data: 13/024,298 9 February 201 1 (09.02.201 1) US (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, (71) Applicant (for all designated States except US): QRX- GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, RW, SD, SL, SZ, TZ, PHARMA LTD.
    [Show full text]