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PUBLIC TRANSPORT (BUS) AND NMT ACCESSIBILITY PLAN

FOR HISTORIC CORE THE HISTORIC CORE OF (PETE) BANGALORE CITY

MENTOR : SRI LAGHU PARASHAR JI SR. MANAGER, UMTC

MURALI T V JOINT DIRECTOR OF TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING GOVT. OF IMAGE SOURCE : http://bangaloreheritage.in NEED FOR THE STUDY EXIST. PT ROUTES STOPPAGE POINT ` BUS ROUTES 4.90 kM PT MOVEMENT U/G METRO ALIGNMENT (UNDER CONSTRUCTION) BMTC KSRTC MAJESTIC METRO METRO ST. RAILWAY STATION STATION

HISTORIC CORE kM 1.20

CHIKPETE METRO STATION K.R MARKET TERMINUS

KR MKT METRO KALASIPALYA STATION TERMINUS Source: Primary survey, 2013

MURALI T. V., JOINT DIRECTOR OF TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING, GOVT. OF KARNATAKA AREA UNSERVED BY PUBLIC TRANSPORT AIM AND OBJECTIVE

- AN ATTEMPT TO PROVIDE ACCESS TO THE HISTORIC CORE THROUGH PUBLIC TRANSPORT AND

CONSEQUENTIAL ENHANCEMENT OF MOBILITY FROM, TO AND WITHIN HISTORIC CORE

MURALI T. V., JOINT DIRECTOR OF TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING, GOVT. OF KARNATAKA SCOPE . DELINEATION OF THE STUDY AREA

. STUDY OF THE EXISTING SERVICES OF PUBLIC TRANSIT

. STUDY OF THE EXISTING LAND USE

. STUDY OF THE EXISTING CAPACITY

. STUDY OF THE EXISTING PARKING SITUATION ALONG THE CORRIDORS

. STUDY OF PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT

. STUDY OF THE ACTIVITY AND TRAVEL PATTERN

. ANALYSIS OF EXISTING SITUATION

. IDENTIFICATION OF PROBLEMS AND ISSUES

. PROPOSALS FOR THE PUBLIC TRANSIT (BUS) MOVEMENT IN THE STUDY AREA

. PROPOSALS FOR THE INTEGRATION OF THE OTHER MODES AND LAST MILE CONNECTIVITY

MURALI T. V., JOINT DIRECTOR OF TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING, GOVT. OF KARNATAKA METHODOLOGY

. INTRODUCTION

. STUDY AREA - ‘PETE’ OF BANGALORE

. DEMOGRAPHIC STUDY

. SOCIO ECONOMIC PROFILE

. STUDY OF EXISTING SCENARIO (DATA COLLECTION)

. ANALYSIS OF DATA

. ISSUES AND FINDINGS

. PROPOSALS & PLAN FOR ACTION

MURALI T. V., JOINT DIRECTOR OF TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING, GOVT. OF KARNATAKA INTRODUCTION

Source: Transportation Department, GOK. Source: Master Plan-BMA, 2015

. BENGALURU, 5TH LARGEST ‘’ . INCREASED URBANISATION . INCREASED MOTORISATION . CITY IS PLAYING A DOMINANT AND SIGNIFICANT ROLE IN COUNTRY’S ECONOMY

MURALI T. V., JOINT DIRECTOR OF TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING, GOVT. OF KARNATAKA NETWORK CHARACTERISTICS BENGALURU CITY

PETE

MURALI T. V., JOINT DIRECTOR OF TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING, GOVT. OF KARNATAKA STUDY AREA – ‘PETE’ OF BANGALORE HISTORICAL LAYOUT AND CHARACTERISTICS LAYERS OF FORTIFICATION YESHWANTPUR GATE . NATIVE TOWN & FIRST SETTLEMENT GATE

. INSPIRED BY ‘VIJAYANAGARA’ GATE HALASOOR GATE . AREA DIVIDED INTO MARKET AREA PETE . SKILLED ARTISANS AND CRAFTSMAN GOT SETTLED CHICKPETE DODDAPETE

. ESTABLISHED ON UNDULATING TABLE LAND

. HAD LARGE GATES AROUND THE FORT GATE

KENGERI GATE . PRINCIPAL BAZAARS ; CHICKPETE & DODDAPETE

. HIGH DENSITY RESIDENTIAL SETTINGS BANGALORE CARDINAL STREETS FORT . TRANSFORMED ITSELF INTO A 'COMMERCIAL HUB’ GATES FOCAL POINT (BIRTH PLACE) . ONLY SUCH EXAMPLE IN THE SOUTH

. ‘PETE’ IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF THE PRESENT CBD

MURALI T. V., JOINT DIRECTOR OF TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING, GOVT. OF KARNATAKA DEMOGRAPHIC STUDY

OCCUPATION STRUCTURE - 2011

45270 MAIN WORKERS 36% MARGINAL WORKERS 78717 NON-WORKERS 62%

3069 02%

Source: Master Plan-BMA, 2015 Source: District Census, 2011 155 POPULATION OF HISTORIC CORE - 2011 0.34% 404 1145 MAIN WORKERS 140000 0.90% 127056 2.53% 120000

100000 CULTIVATORS 80000 66126 Ag LABOURERS 60930 60000 HH INDUSTRY 40000 43566 Others 20000 96.23%

0 TOTAL MALE FEMALE

MURALI T. V., JOINT DIRECTOR OF TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING, GOVT. OF KARNATAKA DEMOGRAPHIC STUDY

. STUDY AREA MEASURES ABOUT 2.24 SQ KM

. HOUSES POPULATION OF ABOUT 1.3 LAKH (2011) HISTORIC CORE . GROSS DENSITY OF THE AREA - ABOUT 600 PPH

. DENSITY COMPARITIVELY HIGHER

Source: Master Plan-BMA, 2015

MURALI T. V., JOINT DIRECTOR OF TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING, GOVT. OF KARNATAKA SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE

. ‘PETE’ IS A TYPICAL MARKET AREA- MARKETS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH VARIOUS TRADES AND PROFESSIONS

. HISTORICALLY PETE AREA WAS CARVED OUT BASED ON THE ‘COMMUNITY’ AND ‘TRADE’ PURSUED

. AN INTRINSIC RELATIONSHIP EXISTS BETWEEN OCCUPATION AND COMMUNITY

. HENCE, ENTRENCHED IN TRADITIONAL PATTERN OF LIVING EVEN TODAY

. ‘MARWARI’ COMMUNITY DOMINATES THE CULTURAL SETTING AND CONTROLS MOST OF THE BUSINESS

. DIVERSIFICATION OF TRADE AND INDUSTRY

. STRONG PRESENCE OF COMMUNITY BASED OCCUPATION ENSURES THE MOST OF THE AREAS WITHIN THE

PETE AS ‘PLACES OF SPECIALISED ACTIVITIES’

. ‘PETE’ IS DOMINATED BY THE INFORMAL INDUSTRIES AND MARKETS

. SUCH INFORMAL ECONOMY HAS CONTRIBUTED A LOT TO THE ECONOMY OF THE CITY

. IT CONTRIBUTES LARGELY TOWARDS PROVIDING LIVELIHOODS

MURALI T. V., JOINT DIRECTOR OF TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING, GOVT. OF KARNATAKA STUDY OF EXISTING SCENARIO STUDY OF EXISTING SCENARIO BMTC

NETWORK CHARACTERISTICS . THE AREA IS LIMITED BY GRID PATTERN . ROAD WIDTH ARE NOT CONSISTENT . MAJOR ALONG THE PERIPHERY . MAJOR ROADS – 24m TO 35m WIDE

TRAFFIC CHARACTERISTICS . TRAFFIC IS MIXED IN NATURE KR MARKET TERMINUS . MAJORITY OF ROADS UNDER ONE-WAY SYSTEM OF CIRCULATION . HIGH DENSITY PEDESTRIAN ZONE . ORGANIC DEVELOPMENT, HIGH INTENSITY OF ACTIVITES . DENSELY BUILTUP AREA . FLOATING POPULATION

MURALI T. V., JOINT DIRECTOR OF TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING, GOVT. OF KARNATAKA ENTRY & EXIT POINTS ENTRY POINTS EXIT POINTS ENTRY & EXIT BOTH BMTC TERMINUS

METRO STATION RAILWAY STATION

HISTORIC CORE

K.R .MARKET COMPLEX K.R MARKET TERMINUS

KALASIPALYA PVT.TR.TERMINUS Source: Primary survey, 2013

MURALI T. V., JOINT DIRECTOR OF TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING, GOVT. OF KARNATAKA EXIST. PT ACCESSIBILITY WITHIN THE CORE

4.90 kM

BMTC . PT - 18650 DAILY TRIPS . VIA MARKET – 2211 TRIPS . EVERY MIN 45-50 BUSES ENTER & DEPARTS . ABOUT 8 – 9 LAKH PEOPLE BOARD THE BUSES DAILY

HISTORIC CORE

ONLY BUS ROUTE WHICH PASSES THROUGH THE K.R MARKET HISTORIC CORE TERMINUS

MIXED TRAFFIC SITUATION BECAUSE OF PRESENCE OF OTHER MODES ON THE ROUTE

VERY FEW BUSES PLY ON THIS ROUTE BECAUSE OF LESS ROAD CAPACITY KALASIPALYA TERMINUS Source: Primary survey, 2013

MURALI T. V., JOINT DIRECTOR OF TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING, GOVT. OF KARNATAKA PETE AREA IS DEVOID OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT (BMTC’S PERSPECTIVE)

REASONS COULD BE

. ROAD CAPACITY CONSTRAINTS

. SLOW MOVING AND MIXED NATURE OF TRAFFIC

. LESS BUS FLEET INFRASTRUCTURE

. TWO TERMINALS AT BOTH THE EXTREMES HENCE, PERCEIVED AS WALKABLE

. THRUST WAS ON TO CONNECT DISTANTLY LOCATED AREAS

. SUPPLY ORIENTED TOWARDS PROBLEMATIC AREAS AND WHERE THERE WAS A DEMAND

. GOOD CONNECTIVITY FROM THE PERIPHERY ROAD, WHICH DO HAVE PT SERVICES

. HIGH PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT IN THE AREA

. THERE WAS NO DEMAND

MURALI T. V., JOINT DIRECTOR OF TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING, GOVT. OF KARNATAKA PETE AREA IS DEVOID OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT (AUTHOR’S ANALYSIS)

REASONS COULD BE

. ROAD CAPACITY CONSTRAINTS

. AREA CHARACTERISED BY SLOW MOVING MIXED TRAFFIC

. PERSONALISED VEHICLES COMPETE TO ENTER THE AREA

. AFFECTS THE FLOW IN THE MAJOR CORRIDORS

. CONFLICTS DUE TO MIXED TRAFFIC HENCE, TRAVEL TIME WOULD BE TOO HIGH

. ADDING TRAFFIC IN ALREADY CHOKED CORRIDORS

. PEOPLE THRONG THE AREA HENCE, HIGH DENSITY PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT

. PUBLIC TRANSPORT BUSES PLYS ON THE PERIPHERY . FOLLOWS CIRCUITOUS ROUTE

MURALI T. V., JOINT DIRECTOR OF TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING, GOVT. OF KARNATAKA LAND USE CHARACTERISTICS BMTC

HOSPITALITY

RAILWAY INSTITUTIONAL STATION TERMINUS

WHOLE SALE AND RETAIL ZONE LAND USE ANALYSIS – 2007

. RESIDENTIAL 37.5 %

. COMMERCIAL 34.6 % MARKET TERMINUS . INDUSTRIAL 06.0% Source: Master Plan-BMA, 2015

MURALI T. V., JOINT DIRECTOR OF TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING, GOVT. OF KARNATAKA MAJESTIC TERMINUS ACTIVITY PATTERN

MULTILEVEL M PARKING COMPLEX HOSPITALITY ZONE

GODOWNS BEDDINGS, CURTAINS ZONE

INVITATION CARDS ZONE T T

C FINANCE AGENCY, JEWELLERY

DHARMARAYA OFFICE ZONE SWAMY TEMPLE M C VEGETABLE, FRUIT, SCRAP ITEMS, PLASTICWARE, FLOWER MARKET T GUNNY BAGS ZONE C

M

Source: Primary survey, 2013

MURALI T. V., JOINT DIRECTOR OF TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING, GOVT. OF KARNATAKA ROAD INVENTORY

9.9m 10.6m COTTONPET MAIN ROAD 35.0m 11.0m ROW 13.5m

OTC ROAD 9.0m

11.0m

16.0m

21.0m

12.3m 21.7m 24.0m ROW 25.0m 24.0m ROW 12.0m ROW Source: Primary survey, 2013 MURALI T. V., JOINT DIRECTOR OF TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING, GOVT. OF KARNATAKA ROAD INVENTORY BOTTLENECKS

G C B A 9.9m O O V V

O T K 14.5 E D T m N 12.5 S m I U O 8.5m H N Y E E P E D E N S T G T R A R O S R E 8.3m A T E D R R T 11.5 O E 13.0 8.5m m E A m T D

14.7 m 8.0m

5.6m

Source: Primary survey, 2013 MURALI T. V., JOINT DIRECTOR OF TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING, GOVT. OF KARNATAKA PARKING SITUATION AND MOVEMENT PATTERN ALONG CORRIDORS

TWO WHEELER PARKING MULTILEVEL LMV PARKING VEHICLE PARKING GOODS VEHICLE PARKING COMPLEX

NO PARKING

NO PARKING

NO PARKING

NO PARKING

MULTILEVEL RICKSHAW NO PARKING VEHICLE STAND PARKING COMPLEX

NO PARKING

Source: Primary survey, 2013

MURALI T. V., JOINT DIRECTOR OF TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING, GOVT. OF KARNATAKA TRAVEL PATTERN

8.8% Zone 8

Zone 7 Zone 1 16.7% 19.2% MAJESTIC Zone 2 27.7%

PETE Zone 6 6.9% Zone 5 . TRIP RATE - 0.924 PER CAPITA 21.2% . TRIPS ORIGINATING AS WELL AS DESTINED WITHIN & NEIGHBOURING AREA . TRIPS CRISS-CROSSING THE PETE AREA . HIGH LEVEL OF INTERACTION WITH THE SORROUNDING AREAS Zone 12 22.6%

Source: CTTS, Bengaluru, 2010

MURALI T. V., JOINT DIRECTOR OF TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING, GOVT. OF KARNATAKA TRAVEL BEHAVIOUR AVENUE STREET TYPOLOGY OF TRIPS EFFECTING THE STUDY AREA

. 2-WHEELERS, CARS, RICKSHAWS PREDOMINANT . PERSONALISED VEHICLES ARE PREDOMINANT . ABSENCE OF THE PT IS THE REASON

PURPOSE OF THE TRIP COTTONPETE ROAD

GOODS SHED ROAD

Source: Traffic Management Plan for the CBD of Bengaluru city, 2011 OPINION SURVEY . 48.0% PEOPLE PREFER TO WALK – UPTO 250M . 38.8% PEOPLE PREFER TO WALK – UPTO 500M . 89.92% PEOPLE SAYS FEEDER BUSES ARE ESSENTIAL BVK IYENGAR . 10.08% PEOPLE SAYS FEEDER BUSES ARE NOT ESSENTIAL ROAD

Source: DPR Metro Phase-I, 2003

MURALI T. V., JOINT DIRECTOR OF TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING, GOVT. OF KARNATAKA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS LOAD ON INTERSECTIONS AND MISSING LINK NORTH BLORE

10528 PCU RAILWAY BMTC STATION

MAGADI ROAD 14354 PCU

MISSING LINK <10 KMPH 13548 PCU 16579 PCU

FINDINGS • TRAFFIC CONGESTION AT INTERSECTIONS •QUEUING OF TRAFFIC AT INTERSECTIONS •BAD ROAD GEOMETRY AT INTERSECTIONS 23320 •MIXED TRAFFIC CONDITIONS PCU • PEDESTRIAN VEHICULAR CONFLICTS •NARROW STREETS 14249 PCU

15295 PCU

MURALI T. V., JOINT DIRECTOR OF TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING, GOVT. OF KARNATAKA AVENUE STREET

. MOST CROWDED STREET DUE TO PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT . ACTIVITIES SPILLOVER TO THE STREET . STREET VENDORS OCCUPIES THE FOOTPATH & STREET SPACE . PEOPLE THRONG THE AREA FOR THEIR NEEDS . SINCE NO PT IS ACCESSIBLE- FORCED TO WALK . WALK ON THE STREET SPACE, HENCE CONFLICTS . LONGER DISTANCE TO WALK- HOLDING BAGS & CARRYING LUGGAGE

PEDESTRIAN COUNT

AVENUE ROAD (KG ROAD END) 6.00 – 7.00 pm 1600 UP 2049 DOWN * CARRYING CAPACITY- 2240 TO MAJESTIC TERMINALS

AVENUE ROAD (MARKET END) 6.00 – 7.00 pm 1253 UP 1807 DOWN * CARRYING CAPACITY- 800 TO MARKET TERMINALS * CARRYING CAPACITY - IRC : 73 Source: Traffic Management Plan for the CBD of Bengaluru city, 2011

MURALI T. V., JOINT DIRECTOR OF TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING, GOVT. OF KARNATAKA CONSTRAINTS

. LIMITED ROAD CAPACITY AND GEOMETRY

. HIGH LEVEL OF PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT (RESTRICT HIGH SPEED OF PT)

. LESS TRAVEL LENGTH (MAY NOT PROFITABLE FOR HIGH CAPACITY SYSTEM)

. POOR INFRASTRUCTURE CONDITIONS

. ATTENTION NOT PAID FOR PEDESTRIAN FACILITIES

POTENTIAL AND OPPURTUNITY

. HIGH DENSITY CORRIDOR (HIGH LATENT DEMAND)

. HIGH CAPACITY SYSTEMS IN PERIPHERAL AREA (NEED FOR LAST MILE CONNECTIVITY)

. ENERGY SAVING TECHNOLOGY (BATTERY OPERATED IPT/PBS)

. PETE AREA IS COMPACT

. MRT INSIDE THE PETE. HENCE, SCOPE FOR MULTIMODAL CONNECTIVITY

MURALI T. V., JOINT DIRECTOR OF TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING, GOVT. OF KARNATAKA STRATEGIES AND PROPOSALS STRATEGIES

FOCUS ON IMPLEMENTATION OF SUSTAINABLE & INCLUSIVE TRANSPORT STRATEGIES

• DISCOURAGE THE USE OF PERSONALISED TRANSPORT – BY CREATING NO PVT VEHICLES ZONES

• MAKE THE AREA MORE APPROACHABLE BY PUBLIC TRANSIT - ACCESSIBILITY IMPROVEMENT FOR BUS ROUTES

• PUBLIC TRANSIT - TO CATER THE UN-SERVED AREAS

• STREAMLINING THE TRAFFIC PASSING THROUGH THE PETE AREA TO REDUCE THE DELAY

• DELINEATION OF PEDESTRIAN AREAS AND REDUCE THE PEDESTRIAN CONFLICT BY FERRYING PEOPLE THROUGH

PUBLIC TRANSIT

• CREATION OF NMT FACILITIES ACROSS THE PETE AREA FOR LAST MILE CONNECTIVITY FROM HIGHER ORDER

SYSTEMS

• IDENTIFYING NEW LINK IMPROVEMENT TO PROVIDE ALTERNATE ROUTE FOR PERSONAL VEHICLES

• USE OF THE UNDERUTILIZED LANES ON VARIOUS SEGMENTS OF THE NETWORK

• SAFETY OF THE PUBLIC BY REDUCING THE CONFLICTS BETWEEN VEHICLES AND PEDESTRIANS

MURALI T. V., JOINT DIRECTOR OF TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING, GOVT. OF KARNATAKA CONCEPTUAL PUBLIC TRANSIT PLAN BANGALORE

PETE AREA

HIGHER ORDER MASS TRANSIT SYSTEM - METRO Middle Order Public Transport - BUS SYSTEM Lower Order Public Transport - IPT

INTERCHANGES STATIONS AND STOPPAGE POINTS SHORT TERM PROPOSALS PROPOSED PUBLIC TRANSIT ROUTES NORTH BLORE

10528 PCU RAILWAY BMTC STATION RAJAJINAGAR

MAGADI ROAD 14354 PCU RAMP 13548 PCU 16579 PCU

23320 PCU

14249 PCU

TRANSIT STATION 15295 PCU . RESTRICT ENTRY OF CARS & 2-WHEELERS ON CORRIDORS

. BUS, BYCYCLE AND -TRANSIT LANE ONLY STREETS

. ROUTING OF PUBLIC TRANSIT (BUSES) THROUGH PETE

MURALI T. V., JOINT DIRECTOR OF TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING, GOVT. OF KARNATAKA MAJESTIC LAST MILE CONNECTIVITY METRO STATION MLVP CENTRAL COLLEGE COMPLEX METRO STATION

BIKE STATION SBM CIRCLE BIKE STATION

BIKE STATION

BIKE STATION CHIKPETE METRO DHARMARAYA STATION TEMPLE

BIKE STATION PEDESTRIAN STREETS

. AVG. DISTANCE BETWEEN METRO STATION & K R MARKET COMPLEX IS ABOUT 225m . VENDORS AND CUSTOMERS VISIT IN HUGE NUMBERS . AREA REMAINS CROWDED CHIKPETE . INTERACTION BETWEEN BOTH NODES METRO STATION . CREATION OF SAFE PASSAGE FOR THE PEOPLE SHALL BE THE PRIORITY . HENCE, TWO STREETS APPROACHING THE METRO – K R MARKET COMPLEX PROPOSED AS PEDESTRIAN STREETS . LESS CONFLICT IN MOVEMENT DUE TO ABSENCE OF VEHICULAR TRAFFIC . HOWEVER, BYCYCLE CAN MOVE ON THESE STREETS SHORT HAUL PUBLIC TRANSIT FOR THE HISTORIC CORE

SYSTEM ROUTE 1 : 6.04 km . EXT. MARKET TERMINUS BE MADE AS SHORT ROUTE 2 : 4.06 km HAUL TRANSIT STATION STOPPAGE POINT . TRANSIT STATION AT MAJESTIC TERMINUS BMTC GANDHI NAGAR . COVERS THE MOST VISITED DESTINATION

FREEDOM PARK . ALSO CATERS TO AREA . FREEDOM PARK – PLACE OF CONGREGATION . 25 SEATER CAPACITY BUS FLEET

TRANSIT STATION BENEFITS . PT ACCESSIBILITY TO THE UNSERVED AREAS . USE OF UNDER UTILISED STREETS . REDUCES THE TRAVEL DISTANCE PETE . DRASTIC REDUCTION IN TRAVEL TIME

TRANSIT STATION

MURALI T. V., JOINT DIRECTOR OF TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING, GOVT. OF KARNATAKA DESIGN PROPOSALS METRO STATION PROPOSED STATION DESIGN

PROPOSED METRO STN BIKE STATION SITE K R MARKET PROPOSED BUS PARKING

. PROVISION OF BUS BAYS NEAR THE STATION Source: BMRCL, Bengaluru . HOWEVER, NO PROVISION FOR PARKING OF THE BUSES . NO PROVISION FOR BIKE STATIONS AVENUE STREET

LONG TERM PROPOSALS

. CONGESTION PRICING – HISTORIC CORE AREA

• ‘CONGESTION PRICING’ SHALL BE IMPLEMENTED AS TRIP REDUCTION STRATEGY TO REDUCE

THE TRAFFIC ENTERING THE CORE AREA

• PRICING IS PROPOSED FOR THE COMPACT HISTORIC CORE (PETE) AREA WHICH IS IN A

MANAGEABLE FORM

• BEST MEANS TO REDUCE CONGESTION IN THE CORE IS TO TAX THE MOTORIST THANK YOU