South American Cane Toads Are Native to South America Oemployee at The

WWW.IRCF.ORG/REPTILESANDAMPHIBIANSJOURNALTABLE OF CONTENTS IRCF REPTILES & IRCFAMPHIBIANS REPTILES • VOL 15,& NAMPHIBIANSO 4 • DEC 2008 •189 25(2):160–161 • AUG 2018

IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS CONSERVATION AND NATURAL HISTORY

TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCED SPECIES FEATURE ARTICLES . Chasing Bullsnakes (Pituophis catenifer sayi) in Wisconsin: South AmericanOn the Road to Understanding the Ecology Cane and Conservation of Toadthe Midwest’s Giant Serpent(Rhinella ...... Joshua M. Kapfer marina190 ) . The Shared History of Treeboas (Corallus grenadensis) and Humans on Grenada: A Hypothetical Excursion ...... Robert W. Henderson 198

FoundRESEARCH ARTICLES on Great Guana Cay, Abaco, . The Texas Horned Lizard in Central and Western Texas ...... Emily Henry, Jason Brewer, Krista Mougey, and Gad Perry 204 . The Knight Anole (Anolis equestris) in FloridaThe Bahamas ...... Brian J. Camposano, Kenneth L. Krysko, Kevin M. Enge, Ellen M. Donlan, and Michael Granatosky 212 1 2 CONSERVATION ALERT Scott Johnson and Deon Gibson . World’s1 MammalsBahamas in National Crisis ...... Trust, East Bay Street, Nassau, Bahamas, P.O. Box N-4105 ([email protected])...... 220 2Bakers .BayMore Golf Than and Mammals Ocean ...... Club, Front Street, P.O Box AB-20766, Marsh Harbour, Abaco, Bahamas...... ([email protected]) 223 . The “Dow Jones Index” of Biodiversity ...... 225

n the night ofHUSBANDRY 15 March 2018, Llewelyn Kellman, an South American Cane Toads are native to South America Oemployee at the. CaptiveBaker’s Care Bayof the CentralOcean Netted and Dragon Golf ...... Club on but have been introduced Shannon to Plummer various 226 countries around the Great Guana Cay,PROFILE Abaco, The Bahamas (26°41’10.73”N, world, including Australia, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guyana, 77°8’44.43”W), noticed. Kraig a Adler: strange A Lifetime anuran Promoting near Herpetology a pond ...... adja- Martinique, Jamaica, Grenada, Michael L. Treglia and 234 Barbados (e.g., Shine cent to a fruit orchard. He sent photographs to a co-worker 2010; Beard et al. 2018). South American Cane Toads secrete COMMENTARY (the second author), who asserted that they were South powerful skin toxins that can be fatal if ingested by a puta- . The Turtles Have Been Watching Me ...... Eric Gangloff 238 American Cane Toads (Rhinella marina). The photographs tive predator; consequently, these invasive toads can present a then were sent to theBOOK first REVIEW author, who confirmed the iden- substantial threat to native wildlife (e.g., Shine 2010; Wilson . Threatened Amphibians of the World edited by S.N. Stuart, M. Hoffmann, J.S. Chanson, N.A. Cox, tification of the animal. TheR. Berridge, female P. Ramani, toad and was B.E. Youngretrieved ...... by the et al. 2011). Because of its ability Robert Powell to successfully243 colonize new first author on 3 May 2018 from the edge of a freshwater pond habitats and the danger it poses to native wildlife, the South (26°41’48.36”N, 77°9’36.29”W) CONSERVATION and RESEARCH euthanized. REPORTS: Subsequent Summaries of PublishedAmerican Conservation Cane Research Toad Reports is ...... considered one245 of the most invasive  NATURAL HISTORY RESEARCH REPORTS: Summaries of Published Reports on Natural History ...... 247 monitoring revealed noNEWBRIEFS other toads, ...... egg masses, or tadpoles. animals on earth...... (Lowe et al. 2000). 248  EDITORIAL INFORMATION ...... 251  FOCUS ON CONSERVATION: A Project You Can Support ...... 252

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Fig. 1. Female South American Cane Toad (Rhinella marina) encountered at Bakers Bay Resort and Ocean Club on Great Guana Cay, Abaco, The Bahamas, on 15 March 2018 (left); the senior author with a female South American Cane Toad captured in the same area where it was originally located. Photographs by Llewelyn Kellman (left) and Dr. Livingstone Marshall (right).

South American Cane Toads were first seen in The Acknowledgements Bahamas on a private property on Treasure Cay, Abaco in We thank Sandy Buckner for her meticulous documenta- 2006. That individual was captured and destroyed. In 2009, tion and help in tracing the first sightings of South American a toad sighting was confirmed on Baker’s Bay, Great Guana Cane Toads in The Bahamas. We also thank Lisa Gorospe Cay, also in the Abacos. Photographs were sent to Sandra and David Knowles for information and photographs (not Buckner, who confirmed its identity. Since 2009, no other shown) of toads on Abaco and New Providence, and the staff sightings have been reported at Baker’s Bay. Another con- at Bakers Bay for their help with toad monitoring. firmed sighting of South American Cane Toads in The Bahamas was on 15 June 2011 on New Providence, when a Literature Cited gardener working at a private residence at Lyford Cay, a gated Beard, K.H., S.A. Johnson, and A.B. Shields. 2018. Frogs (Coqui Frogs, community in the western section of the island, saw the toads. Greenhouse Frogs, Cuban Tree Frogs, and Cane Toads), pp. 163–192. In: Photographs again were sent to Sandy Buckner, who con- W.C. Pitt, J.C. Beasley, and G.W Witmer (eds.), Ecology and Management of Terrestrial Vertebrate Invasive Species in the United States. CRC Press, Boca firmed their identity. In 2013, large numbers of toads were Raton, Florida. seen in the Lyford Cay community. That toad population Lowe, S., M. Browne, S. Boudjelas, and M. De Poorter. 2000. 100 of the appears to be confined to the gated community, where active World’s Worst Invasive Alien Species. A selection from the Global Invasive Species Database. The Invasive Species Specialist Group, Species Survival monitoring and removal has been occurring since 2013. Commission, World Conservation Union, Auckland, New Zealand. Although we do not know how South American Cane Toads Shine, R. 2010. The ecological impact of invasive Cane Toads (Bufo marinus) in arrived in the areas mentioned, their introductions are most Australia. The Quarterly Review of Biology 85: 253–291. Wilson, B.S., S.E. Koenig, R. van Veen, E. Miersma, and D.C. Rudolph. 2011. likely the result of unchecked shipping containers carrying Cane Toads a threat to West Indian wildlife: Mortality of Jamaican Boas plants from other countries. attributable to toad ingestion. Biological Invasions 13: 55–60.

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