OBGYN Outpatient Surgery Coding
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Gyn Oncology Colposcopy I. Basic Science/Mechanisms of Disease A
Gyn Oncology Colposcopy I. Basic Science/Mechanisms of Disease A. Genetics 1. Describe the clinical relevance of viral oncogenes. 2. Describe the role of aneuploidy in the pathogenesis of neoplasia. 3. Describe the inheritance patterns for malignancies of the pelvic organs and breast. 4. Describe the cell replication cycle, and identify the phases of the cycle most sensitive to radiation and chemotherapy. 5. Describe the genetic basis for tumor immunotherapy. B. Physiology 1. Describe the ability of vital organ systems to tolerate cancer therapy. 2. Describe the changes in cellular physiology that result from injury due to radiation and chemotherapy. 3. Describe the metabolic changes that occur in patients with a malignancy of the pelvic organs or breast. C. Embroyology 1. Describe the embryology of gonadal migration and its role in the pathogenesis of epithelial cell tumors. 2. Describe the pathogenesis of gonadal tumors in patients with gonadal dysgenesis. 3. Describe the embryologic precursors of ovarian germ cell tumors. D. Anatomy 1. Describe the gross histologic anatomy of the pelvic organs and breast. 2. Describe the vascular, lymphatic, and nerve supply to each of the pelvic organs. 3. Describe the anatomic relationship between the reproductive organs and other viscera, such as bladder, ureters, and bowel. 4. Describe the likely changes in the anatomic relationships of the pelvic and abdominal viscera created by surgical or radiation treatment for malignancy. E. Pharmacology 1. List major chemotherapeutic agents used for treatment of malignancies of the reproductive organs and breast. 2. Describe the principal adverse effects of the major chemotherapeutic agents. 3. Describe the medications of most value in treatment of complications resulting from chemotherapy and irradiation, such as: a. -
Physiology of Female Sexual Function and Dysfunction
International Journal of Impotence Research (2005) 17, S44–S51 & 2005 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved 0955-9930/05 $30.00 www.nature.com/ijir Physiology of female sexual function and dysfunction JR Berman1* 1Director Female Urology and Female Sexual Medicine, Rodeo Drive Women’s Health Center, Beverly Hills, California, USA Female sexual dysfunction is age-related, progressive, and highly prevalent, affecting 30–50% of American women. While there are emotional and relational elements to female sexual function and response, female sexual dysfunction can occur secondary to medical problems and have an organic basis. This paper addresses anatomy and physiology of normal female sexual function as well as the pathophysiology of female sexual dysfunction. Although the female sexual response is inherently difficult to evaluate in the clinical setting, a variety of instruments have been developed for assessing subjective measures of sexual arousal and function. Objective measurements used in conjunction with the subjective assessment help diagnose potential physiologic/organic abnormal- ities. Therapeutic options for the treatment of female sexual dysfunction, including hormonal, and pharmacological, are also addressed. International Journal of Impotence Research (2005) 17, S44–S51. doi:10.1038/sj.ijir.3901428 Keywords: female sexual dysfunction; anatomy; physiology; pathophysiology; evaluation; treatment Incidence of female sexual dysfunction updated the definitions and classifications based upon current research and clinical practice. -
Curative Pelvic Exenteration for Recurrent Cervical Carcinoma in the Era of Concurrent Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect EJSO xx (2015) 1e11 www.ejso.com Review Curative pelvic exenteration for recurrent cervical carcinoma in the era of concurrent chemotherapy and radiation therapy. A systematic review H. Sardain a,b, V. Lavoue a,b,c,*, M. Redpath d, N. Bertheuil b,e, F. Foucher a,J.Lev^eque a,b,c a CHU de Rennes, Gynecology Department, Tertiary Surgery Center, Teaching Hospital of Rennes, Hopital^ Sud, 16, Bd de Bulgarie, 35000 Rennes, France b Universite de Rennes, Faculty of Medicine, 2 Henry Guilloux, 35000 Rennes, France c INSERM, ER440, Oncogenesis, Stress and Signaling (OSS), Rennes, France d McGill University, Department of Pathology, Jewish General Hospital, Cote^ Sainte Catherine, Montreal, QC, Canada e CHU de Rennes, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Tertiary Surgery Center, Teaching Hospital of Rennes, Hopital^ Sud, 16, Bd de Bulgarie, 35000 Rennes, France Accepted 26 March 2015 Available online --- Abstract Objective: Pelvic exenteration requires complete resection of the tumor with negative margins to be considered a curative surgery. The pur- pose of this review is to assess the optimal preoperative evaluation and surgical approach in patients with recurrent cervical cancer to in- crease the chances of achieving a curative surgery with decreased morbidity and mortality in the era of concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Methods: Review of English publications pertaining to cervical cancer within the last 25 years were included using PubMed and Cochrane Library searches. Results: Modern imaging (MRI and PET-CT) does not accurately identify local extension of microscopic disease and is inadequate for pre- operative planning of extent of resection. -
Pelvic Exenteration for the Management of Pelvic Malignancies
Chapter 7 Pelvic Exenteration for the Management of Pelvic Malignancies Daniel Paramythiotis, Konstantinia Kofina and Antonios Michalopoulos Additional information is available at the end of the chapter http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/61083 Abstract Pelvic exenteration is a surgical procedure first described by Brunschwig in 1948 as a curative or palliative treatment for pelvic and perineal tumors. It is actually a radical operation, involving en bloc resection of pelvic organs, including reproductive structures, bladder, and rectosigmoid. In patients with recurrent cervical and vaginal malignancy, it is associated with a 5-year survival of more than 50%. In spite of advances in surgical management, consequences such as stomas, are still frequently unavoidable for radical tumor excision. Most candidates for this procedure have been diagnosed with recurrent cervical cancer that has previously been treated with surgery and radiation, or radiation alone. Complications of pelvic exenteration are more severe than those of standard resection of a colorectal carcinoma, so it is not commonly performed, including wound infection, wound dehiscence (also described as burst abdomen) the creation of fistulae (perineal-fecal, uretero-vaginal, between conduit and perineal wound), urinary tract infections, perineal hernias and intestinal obstruction. Patients need to be carefully selected and counseled about risks and long-term issues related to the surgery. A comprehensive evaluation is required in order to exclude unresectable or metastatic disease. Evolution of the technique through laparoscopy and minimally invasive surgery may result in a reduction of morbidity and mortality. Keywords: Pelvic exenteration, gynecologic cancer 1. Introduction Pelvic exenteration was first described by Brunschwig and his colleagues of New York’s Memorial Hospital in 1948 [1] and was initially performed as a palliative surgical intervention © 2015 The Author(s). -
Sexual Assault Cover
Sexual Assault Victimization Across the Life Span A Clinical Guide G.W. Medical Publishing, Inc. St. Louis Sexual Assault Victimization Across the Life Span A Clinical Guide Angelo P. Giardino, MD, PhD Associate Chair – Pediatrics Associate Physician-in-Chief St. Christopher’s Hospital for Children Associate Professor in Pediatrics Drexel University College of Medicine Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Elizabeth M. Datner, MD Assistant Professor University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine in Pediatrics Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Janice B. Asher, MD Assistant Clinical Professor Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Pennsylvania Medical Center Director Women’s Health Division of Student Health Service University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania G.W. Medical Publishing, Inc. St. Louis FOREWORD Sexual assault is broadly defined as unwanted sexual contact of any kind. Among the acts included are rape, incest, molestation, fondling or grabbing, and forced viewing of or involvement in pornography. Drug-facilitated behavior was recently added in response to the recognition that pharmacologic agents can be used to make the victim more malleable. When sexual activity occurs between a significantly older person and a child, it is referred to as molestation or child sexual abuse rather than sexual assault. In children, there is often a "grooming" period where the perpetrator gradually escalates the type of sexual contact with the child and often does not use the force implied in the term sexual assault. But it is assault, both physically and emotionally, whether the victim is a child, an adolescent, or an adult. The reported statistics are only an estimate of the problem’s scope, with the actual reporting rate a mere fraction of the true incidence. -
OBGYN Student Guide 2014.Pdf
TABLE OF CONTENTS COMMON ABBREVIATIONS • 3 COMMON PRESCRIPTIONS • 4 OBSTETRICS • 5 What is a normal morning like on OB? • 5 What are good questions to ask a post-op/post-partum patient in the morning? • 6 How do I manage a post-partum patient? • 7 How should I organize and write my post-partum note? • 8 How do I present a patient on rounds? • 9 How do I evaluate a patient in triage/L&D? • 9 What are the most common complaints presented at triage/L&D? • 10 How should I organize and write my note for a triage H&P? • 12 What are the most common reasons people are admitted? • 13 How do I deliver a baby? • 13 What is my role as a student in a Cesarean section or tubal ligation procedure? • 15 How do I write up post-op orders? • 15 GYNECOLOGY/GYNECOLOGY ONCOLOGY • 17 What should I do to prepare for a GYN surgery? • 17 How do I manage a Gynecology/Gynecology Oncology patient? • 17 How should I organize and write my post-op GYN note? • 18 How do I write admit orders? • 19 What do routine post-op orders (Day #1) look like? • 19 What are the most common causes of post-operative fever? • 20 CLINIC • 21 What is my role as a student in clinic? • 21 What should I include in my prenatal clinic note? • 21 What should I include in my GYN clinic note? • 22 COMMON PIMP QUESTIONS • 23 2 COMMON ABBREVIATIONS 1°LTCS- primary low transverse cesarean LOF- leakage of fluid section NST- nonstress test AFI- amniotic fluid index NSVD- normal spontaneous vaginal delivery AROM- artificial rupture of membranes NT/NE- non-tender/non-engorged (breast BPP- biophysical -
Treating Cervical Cancer If You've Been Diagnosed with Cervical Cancer, Your Cancer Care Team Will Talk with You About Treatment Options
cancer.org | 1.800.227.2345 Treating Cervical Cancer If you've been diagnosed with cervical cancer, your cancer care team will talk with you about treatment options. In choosing your treatment plan, you and your cancer care team will also take into account your age, your overall health, and your personal preferences. How is cervical cancer treated? Common types of treatments for cervical cancer include: ● Surgery for Cervical Cancer ● Radiation Therapy for Cervical Cancer ● Chemotherapy for Cervical Cancer ● Targeted Therapy for Cervical Cancer ● Immunotherapy for Cervical Cancer Common treatment approaches Depending on the type and stage of your cancer, you may need more than one type of treatment. For the earliest stages of cervical cancer, either surgery or radiation combined with chemo may be used. For later stages, radiation combined with chemo is usually the main treatment. Chemo (by itself) is often used to treat advanced cervical cancer. ● Treatment Options for Cervical Cancer, by Stage Who treats cervical cancer? Doctors on your cancer treatment team may include: 1 ____________________________________________________________________________________American Cancer Society cancer.org | 1.800.227.2345 ● A gynecologist: a doctor who treats diseases of the female reproductive system ● A gynecologic oncologist: a doctor who specializes in cancers of the female reproductive system who can perform surgery and prescribe chemotherapy and other medicines ● A radiation oncologist: a doctor who uses radiation to treat cancer ● A medical oncologist: a doctor who uses chemotherapy and other medicines to treat cancer Many other specialists may be involved in your care as well, including nurse practitioners, nurses, psychologists, social workers, rehabilitation specialists, and other health professionals. -
Female Pelvic Relaxation
FEMALE PELVIC RELAXATION A Primer for Women with Pelvic Organ Prolapse Written by: ANDREW SIEGEL, M.D. An educational service provided by: BERGEN UROLOGICAL ASSOCIATES N.J. CENTER FOR PROSTATE CANCER & UROLOGY Andrew Siegel, M.D. • Martin Goldstein, M.D. Vincent Lanteri, M.D. • Michael Esposito, M.D. • Mutahar Ahmed, M.D. Gregory Lovallo, M.D. • Thomas Christiano, M.D. 255 Spring Valley Avenue Maywood, N.J. 07607 www.bergenurological.com www.roboticurology.com Table of Contents INTRODUCTION .................................................................1 WHY A UROLOGIST? ..........................................................2 PELVIC ANATOMY ..............................................................4 PROLAPSE URETHRA ....................................................................7 BLADDER .....................................................................7 RECTUM ......................................................................8 PERINEUM ..................................................................9 SMALL INTESTINE .....................................................9 VAGINAL VAULT .......................................................10 UTERUS .....................................................................11 EVALUATION OF PROLAPSE ............................................11 SURGICAL REPAIR OF PELVIC PROLAPSE .....................15 STRESS INCONTINENCE .........................................16 CYSTOCELE ..............................................................18 RECTOCELE/PERINEAL LAXITY .............................19 -
Oophorectomy Or Salpingectomy— Which Makes More Sense?
Oophorectomy or salpingectomy— which makes more sense? During hysterectomy for benign indications, many surgeons routinely remove the ovaries to prevent cancer. Here’s what we know about this practice. William H. Parker, MD CASE Patient opts for hysterectomy, asks than age 45 to prevent the subsequent devel- about oophorectomy opment of ovarian cancer (FIGURES 1 and 2). Your 46-year-old patient reports increasingly The 2002 Women’s Health Initiative re- severe dysmenorrhea at her annual visit, and a port suggested that exogenous hormone use pelvic examination reveals an enlarged uterus. was associated with a slight increase in the You order pelvic magnetic resonance imaging, risk of breast cancer.2 After its publication, which shows extensive adenomyosis. the rate of oophorectomy at the time of hys- After you counsel the patient about terectomy declined slightly, likely reflect- IN THIS her options, she elects to undergo lapa- ARTICLE ing women’s desire to preserve their own roscopic supracervical hysterectomy and source of estrogen.3 For women younger Algorithm: Should asks whether she should have her ovaries than age 50, further slight declines in the rate the ovaries removed at the time of surgery. She has no of oophorectomy were seen from 2002 to be removed? family history of ovarian or breast cancer. 2010. However, in the United States, almost page 54 What would you recommend for this 300,000 women still undergo “prophylactic” woman, based on her situation and current bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy every year.4 medical research? The lifetime risk of ovarian cancer Ovarian cancer does among women with a BRCA 1 mutation not come from the prophylactic procedure should be is 36% to 46%, and it is 10% to 27% among ovary considered only if 1) there is a rea- women with a BRCA 2 mutation. -
Multidetector CT of Expected Findings and Complications After Hysterectomy
Insights into Imaging (2018) 9:369–383 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13244-018-0610-9 PICTORIAL REVIEW Multidetector CT of expected findings and complications after hysterectomy Massimo Tonolini1 Received: 19 December 2017 /Revised: 12 February 2018 /Accepted: 12 February 2018 /Published online: 6 April 2018 # The Author(s) 2018. This article is an open access publication Abstract Indicated to manage a variety of disorders affecting the female genital tract, hysterectomy represents the second most common gynaecological operation after caesarean section. Performed via an open, laparoscopic or vaginal approach, hysterectomy is associated with non-negligible morbidity and occasional mortality. Iatrogenic complications represent a growing concern for gynaecologists and may result in prolonged hospitalisation, need for interventional procedures or repeated surgery, renal im- pairment and malpractice claims. As a result, radiologists are increasingly requested to investigate patients with suspected complications after hysterectomy. In the vast majority of early postoperative situations, multidetector CT represents the ideal modality to comprehensively visualise the surgically altered pelvic anatomy and to consistently triage the varied spectrum of possible injuries. This pictorial review provides an overview of current indications and surgical techniques, illustrates the expected CT appearances after recent hysterectomy, the clinical and imaging features of specific complications such as lymphoceles, surgical site infections, haemorrhages, urinary tract lesions and fistulas, bowel injury and obstruction. Our aim is to increase radiologists’ familiarity with normal post-hysterectomy findings and with post-surgical complications, which is crucial for an appropriate choice between conservative, interventional and surgical management. Teaching points • Hysterectomy via open, laparoscopic or vaginal route is associated with non-negligible morbidity. -
Surgical Techniques
SURGICAL TECHNIQUES ■ BY MARCO A. PELOSI II, MD, and MARCO A. PELOSI III, MD Pelosi minilaparotomy hysterectomy: Effective alternative to laparoscopy and laparotomy This new modality—useful for normal, large, and fibroid-ridden uteri—combines the technical benefits of standard laparotomy with the convalescent advantages of laparoscopic surgery. lthough laparoscopic hysterectomy Position, incision, and retraction offers a minimally invasive alternative are crucial to success Ato laparotomy when vaginal hysterec- ur minilaparotomy hysterectomy is a sys- tomy is contraindicated, it has its drawbacks. Otemized approach with elements derived Among them: the cost of expensive equip- from both open and laparoscopic surgery. ment, the long learning curve, and prolonged Three preparatory components are involved: operating time. • position We describe another alternative to open • incision surgery that is comparable to laparoscopic • retraction hysterectomy in postoperative pain, cosmetic All are critical to a successful hysterectomy, results, and time to return to normal activi- ensuring that the procedure never becomes a ties. Our procedure—a redesigned minila- haphazard struggle through an improvised, parotomy hysterectomy—relies on tradition- scaled-down, conventional Pfannenstiel or al open techniques and inexpensive novel vertical incision. Our approach also avoids instrumentation, making it significantly cumbersome traditional laparotomy exposure faster than laparoscopy and easy to perform maneuvers and positioning. and teach. Position: Modified lithotomy. After For patients who cannot undergo vaginal regional or general anesthesia is given, posi- hysterectomy, this new modality offers tion the patient in a modified lithotomy with an expeditious, minimal-access option. both arms tucked as for laparoscopic surgery. Gynecologists reluctant to relinquish the rou- Place the legs in boot-type stirrups, with no tine use of standard laparotomy may hip flexion and sufficient thigh abduction to find this approach an appealing, less-invasive expose the vagina. -
Pessary Information
est Ridge obstetrics & gynecology, LLP 3101 West Ridge Road, Rochester, NY 14626 1682 Empire Boulevard, Webster, NY 14580 www.wrog.org Tel. (585) 225‐1580 Fax (585) 225‐2040 Tel. (585) 671‐6790 Fax (585) 671‐1931 USE OF THE PESSARY The pessary is one of the oldest medical devices available. Pessaries remain a useful device for the nonsurgical treatment of a number of gynecologic conditions including pelvic prolapse and stress urinary incontinence. Pelvic Support Defects The pelvic organs including the bladder, uterus, and rectum are held in place by several layers of muscles and strong tissues. Weaknesses in this tissue can lead to pelvic support defects, or prolapse. Multiple vaginal deliveries can weaken the tissues of the pelvic floor. Weakness of the pelvic floor is also more likely in women who have had a hysterectomy or other pelvic surgery, or in women who have conditions that involve repetitive bearing down, such as chronic constipation, chronic coughing or repetitive heavy lifting. Although surgical repair of certain pelvic support defects offers a more permanent solution, some patients may elect to use a pessary as a very reasonable treatment option. Classification of Uterine Prolapse: Uterine prolapse is classified by degree. In first‐degree uterine prolapse, the cervix drops to just above the opening of the vagina. In third‐degree prolapse, or procidentia, the entire uterus is outside of the vaginal opening. Uterine prolapse can be associated with incontinence. Types of Vaginal Prolapse: . Cystocele ‐ refers to the bladder falling down . Rectocele ‐ refers to the rectum falling down . Enterocele ‐ refers to the small intestines falling down .