Planning e Geoparks PPS9 and LGAPs su Tapping the bring new clout to Is potential of a geological growing global conservation 25 designation Winter 2005-2006 Step change... On other pages

The most welcome news for geoconservation in England for some time Outcrops – pages 3-7 Natural England – is contained in the form of Planning Policy Statement 9: Biodiversity and Geological Conservation (PPS9). This at last recognises the PLANNING SPECIAL: All change for geological conservation? importance of geology and geomorphological processes within our Massive step for geological natural environment and emphasises the consideration that these conservation – p 8 On 1st October 2006, English Nature, the subjects should receive inside a planning system that faces government agency that champions the unprecedented pressures for development. PPS9’s huge step forward is LGAPs: where are we now? – p 9 conservation of wildlife and geology in highlighted by Colin Prosser, whose article prefaces a whole section on England, will be replaced by a new, bigger planning and the potential of Local Geological Action Plans (LGAPs) Do we now need a National GAP? – p 10 and very different government agency, to deliver both meaningful geological conservation and be a force for Natural England. The new body will the same within Britain’s planning systems. Geodiversity in the Cotswolds – p 10 incorporate the functions of English Nature, the landscape, access and Geoparks hold no statutory sway in UK planning, but they have caught Planning for variety – p 11 recreation functions of the Countryside our imagination as a means of flagging up areas of wonderful geology Agency, and the agri-environment functions to geologists and non-geologists alike. This issue devotes several pages West Lothian leads in Scotland – p 12 of the Rural Development Service (RDS). to taking a closer look at the geopark concept, seeing how the recently This change follows the government’s established North West Highlands Geopark is working and how other A geological tale of two parishes Rural Strategy. Margaret Beckett, Secretary aspirants are facing up to the challenge of the application process. – p 13 of State for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, has announced that Natural Earth Heritage also contains a broad mix of other news and features Overviews of England will for the first time unite, in a which we trust you enjoy. As always, we would like to hear your views Scotland’s Earth single organisation, responsibility for and learn about new projects. If you would like to contribute to Earth heritage – p 14 nature conservation and landscape in rural, Heritage, please contact your nearest editor (below). urban, coastal and marine areas, and for promoting access, recreation and public Natural England has the potential to deliver geological conservation and promotion as part of a holistic GEOPARKS SPECIAL: well-being. approach to the natural environment. Roche Rock SSSI, Cornwall, with its inter-relationship between geology, Managing Editor Geo-whizz! Tapping the Geopark wildlife and the landscape, illustrates the opportunities for an integrated approach to conservation. Photo by Mick Murphy/English Nature potential – p 16 What will these changes mean for had, thus providing increased opportunities natural environment can be achieved. geological conservation in England? to engage with people and promote geology Anglesey: small but perfectly as an integral part of the natural Only time will tell how geological Earth Heritage is a twice-yearly magazine produced by the formed – p 17 At the time of writing, the priorities, Joint Nature Conservation Committee, English Nature, environment. conservation will fare in Natural England working methods, structure, and staffing of Earth Scottish Natural Heritage and the and there will undoubtedly be changes to North West Highlands highlighted – p 18 heritage Countryside Council for Wales. The Natural England are still being developed. The greater size and breadth of remit of the way in which geological and voluntary geoconservation sector is a However, some facts are known. Natural Natural England does, however, bring risks. geomorphological conservation is viewed major contributor. We would like to thank all those who have assisted with the Developing geotourism – p 18 England will have a much wider remit than preparation of the magazine. However, the opinions expressed by the contributors are The most obvious is that the increased and delivered at agency level. New and English Nature, covering access, recreation competition for profile and resources could different working relationships with not necessarily those of the above organisations. A database listing all the articles Geological heritage in carried up to issue 17 is available on CD. Contact any member of the editorial board. and sustainable development as well as result in geology and geological partners and stakeholders will also emerge. the Emerald Isle – p 20 nature conservation. The full functions of Key articles from this and previous issues of Earth Heritage can be found on the Web at: conservation losing out to its many If these are built on the many successful www.seaburysalmon.com/earth.html English Nature, including its geological competitors. However, the potential to join partnerships that already exist, a stronger Conserving stones for all reasons remit, will transfer to Natural England. Offers of articles should be directed to the relevant members of the geology and geomorphology with soil, and broader understanding of geological – p 23 Countryside Agency and RDS functions, editorial board, who are: wildlife, landscape, access, recreation and conservation should emerge. Managing Editor such as the conservation of soil and education should open rather than close Melting pot - the GeoConservation landscape, promotion of access, recreation, STEWART CAMPBELL, Countryside MICK STANLEY, Geodiversity doors. Hopefully, an increased profile as – Colin Prosser, Commission – p 25 public well-being and education, will also Council for Wales, Maes-y-Ffynnon, Consulting, Park House, 8 King part of an integrated approach to the Head of Geology, English Nature Ffordd Penrhos, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 Street, Ripon, North Yorkshire transfer and will operate alongside English 2DN. Telephone 01248 385693, e-mail: HG4 1PJ. Telephone 01765 609479, Latest publications – p 26 Nature’s wildlife and geological functions. [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] 50 years of NNR Editors CYNTHIA BUREK, Cover photo In terms of opportunities, Natural England The Wren’s Nest National Nature Reserve, UKRIGS Geoconservation Association, DAVID EVANS, English Nature, offers, for the first time, a real opportunity home of the famous Dudley Bug, reaches its Centre for Science Communication, Northminster House, Peterborough PE1 50th year in 2006. It was the first NNR to be University of Chester, for geology and geological conservation to 1UA. Telephone 01733 455204, e-mail: designated for its geological interest and this Parkgate Road, Chester be delivered alongside the conservation and [email protected] landmark will be celebrated with a year-long CH1 4BJ. Telephone 01244 375444, COLIN MACFADYEN, management of soils, wildlife and programme of events. To start the e-mail: [email protected] Scottish Natural Heritage, 2 Anderson landscape in an integrated, whole- celebration, a calendar has been produced Place, Edinburgh EH6 5NP. Production environment approach. Early signs are that with photographs, taken by local people, Telephone 0131 446 2055, Seabury Salmon, Seabury Salmon & this potential is being recognised and a showing the reserve through the year. A Associates, The Old Pound, Ludford, celebration beer is planned and the Winter Rock and Fossil Fair (16-17 September); and e-mail: [email protected] national team including geologists, NEIL ELLIS, Ludlow, Shropshire SY8 1PP. Telephone Ales CAMRA Festival will be adopting the the 50-year celebration on 27 September. 01584 877442. Fax 01584 875416. landscape specialists and specialists on the trilobite as its logo. Joint Nature Conservation Committee, High Force, on the Upper Tees, is within the North Pennines Monkstone House, e-mail: [email protected] historic environment is anticipated. Natural For more information contact Graham Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. Here, a Geodiversity Dates include a conference (1-2 September) Worton at: [email protected] City Road, Peterborough PE1 1JY. Circulation Action Plan is central to the development and management England will also have a stronger role in Earth Heritage is free. Contact your that will examine the history of the reserve, The calendar (£4.95 incl. p&p) is available Telephone 01733 562626, of the area, which is now a European Geopark. relation to public access, recreation and e-mail: [email protected] local Editor to be placed on the its contribution to science and conservation, from Dudley Museum and Art Gallery, Photo: Mick Murphy, English Nature public well-being than English Nature has 2 mailing list. and what the future may hold; the Dudley tel: 01384 815575. 3 Site-based answers to managing fossil collecting Climbers lobby for Managing collecting on fossil sites can be complex and requires a range of practical judgments to be made about the fossil interest, the physical nature of the site and the degree of collecting pressure that exists. rockface respect Geological conservationists and rock be judged by its stature or popularity, Geological sites vary greatly from sensitive cave deposits and climbers - arguably the largest and most particularly in the case of gritstone, abandoned mine dumps to robust working quarries and coastlines active group of users of many of Britain’s regarded by many climbers as ‘God’s own subject to rapid erosion. Not surprisingly, the threats to the geological outcrops – are united in their rock’. palaeontological interests vary greatly between these sites and so condemnation of damage caused to a face should the management. Sustainable site-based management of by indiscriminate hammering. Because the rock resource is so precious, collecting pressure on palaeontological sites (Edmonds, Larwood British climbing has developed a strong and Weighell, 2005) reflects on these challenges with the aim of Significant disfiguration of the ethic of rock conservation. Access and rock sharing practical guidance for those involved in managing fossil Carboniferous gritstone was spotted at a conservation are major roles of the British sites. popular climbing spot within Shipley Glen, Mountaineering Council, who act to Yorkshire, after a field excursion by a encourage climbers to adopt best practice at The paper identifies 10 key management questions and these, group of geology students from a school in venues and to provide a forum for debate when applied to the range of geological site types, point towards Bradford. on the direction of the sport. Another broad management options appropriate to individual sites. Conesby In the shadow of Arthur’s Seat, Haley Bartlett important function is the dissemination of National and international examples have been included to reflect Quarry (above) models the necklace crafted by Sheana Stephen, in the mid- A witness to the hammering contacted the information on the small number of British to mark the launch of Rock On Scottish Geology current experience and to illustrate the concept which has 1990s and British Mountaineering Council (BMC) outcrops regarded as too rare geologically Festival 2005. Photo by Colin Hattersley relevance at all levels including World Heritage Sites and Naracoorte immediately. Access & Conservation for climbing. It is vital to both geologists Geoparks. Caves, Officer, Graham Lynch, visited the site to and climbers that our shared passion for Australia: two A model view the damage, then contacted the rocks is channeled into conservation and This is a consultation document and everyone is encouraged to very different sites that school, reporting that ‘the damage may education of user groups, such that rock festival express their views through a questionnaire. We look forward to require well have spoilt climbing routes’. continued access and enjoyment is possible contributions to the debate from site managers around the world. Rock On – 2005, the fifth Scottish Geology different for everyone. In this recent case, Graham Festival, involved several thousand people in The paper and questionnaire are at: management The climbers’ obsession with the relatively Lynch was pleased to report that the school events at geological sites, museums, www.geoconservation.com/conference/docs/fossil.htm approaches small areas of rock that are exposed in this responsible has agreed to regulate their galleries, schools, nature reserves and parks – Jonathan Larwood, English Nature throughout Scotland. Photos by country may seem strange. To understand students’ actions on future field excursions David Sole and Paul Griffiths the indignation that this event provoked in accordance with best-practice guidelines. Staged in September, the biennial festival within the climbing community requires an aimed to bring geology to the people of Scots look to new Code to curb damage to fossils understanding of the ethics of outdoor - Joe Lenham Scotland and farther afield. It was run this climbing in Britain, where climbers cherish Joe Lenham has been an active climber and year by a co-ordinating partnership that In Earth Heritage 23, it was the process through comprised the Hunterian Museum in the limited and irreplaceable rock resource. geologist for over 13 years. He currently works for reported that The Nature www.scottishgeology.com. Entec UK Ltd as a hydrogeologist. He prefers Glasgow, the National Museums of Scotland, Scottish Natural Heritage, the Conservation (Scotland) Act It is hoped that the code limestone. Almost every outcrop of rock in the British Geological Survey and Our Dynamic 2004, has given Scottish will be launched late in country has been climbed on during the Useful link: www.thebmc.co.uk Earth. Geological specialists and Natural Heritage the duty of 2006 or early 2007. enthusiasts volunteered, organised and ran ‘official’ 119-year history of the sport that preparing the Scottish Fossil over 100 events, ranging from walks and began with the first ascent of Napes Needle Code. In an effort to curb the Although at an early stage, talks to fossil forays and rock surgeries. in the Lake District. Every face is criss- damage inflicted upon it looks likely that the crossed by climbs and shorter ‘boulder The event was launched with the modelling Scotland’s fossil resources, the Scottish Fossil Code will problems’; it is estimated that there are of a necklace made of Scottish stones legislation states that the code not only encourage specially for the Festival 2005 to promote over 1,000 climbs and innumerable will set out recommendations, responsible collecting Scotland’s rich geological heritage. The problems in the Peak District alone. Good advice and information relating behaviour, but will be used jewellery was designed by Edinburgh-based A media event held at Petershill Quarry SSSI, near Bathgate, West Lothian, to launch climbs (the best combine a good natural designer Sheana Stephen and included Glen to Scotland’s fossils, in to enhance public interest in the production of the Scottish Fossil Code. Jane Robb, amateur collector and at 14 ‘line’ across the rock, coupled with Tilt marble, Skye marble and Montrose particular on activities that are palaeontology, and promote the youngest consultee in the production of the code, is interviewed by Euan satisfying physical and mental difficulties, jasper, with sections depicting Scotland’s likely to damage fossil Mcllwraith for the BBC Scotland ‘Landward’ television programme. This site has a the fossil heritage of mountainous landscape and volcanic past. inescapability and solid holds), become resources, the circumstances in history of being damaged by irresponsible collectors. Scotland for educational, The necklace was donated to a charity revered and form benchmarks in a climber’s which fossils should not be Photo by Colin MacFadyen, SNH recreational and scientific auction ball in aid of Maggies, the cancer- career; climbers carry with them memories care charity, raising £1,000. removed from land and the purposes. text. The group comprises researchers, of not just the climbs, but of individual manner in which removed fossils should museum curators, amateurs, with Mr Stan holds thereon. Inadvertent destruction of The organising partnership is be kept or treated. grateful for the financial and Wood representing the commercial aspect More details from Colin holds, or creation of new ones, may alter organisational support of fossil collecting in Scotland. MacFadyen at Scottish Natural the character of a climb that has brought The process of code production is well received from John Cleland, Heritage, e-mail: pleasure to many thousands of people over Technical Director of RPS. underway with the formation of the Fossil The draft code will be available for public [email protected], the years, or destroy one that lies at the Code Working Group who will work with consultation early in 2006, with people tel: 0131 446 2055. cutting edge of the sport’s development. – Colin MacFadyen Scottish Natural Heritage in drafting the being able to take part electronically in Scarring of important holds on Kia-Ora Wall, Shipley Scottish Natural Heritage 4 The importance of any area of rock cannot Glen Photo: British Mountaineering Council 5 Old quarry The origins of geoconservation Geologists receives a A two-day conference, presentations and field (World Heritage Sites, Geoparks etc.); and visits to explore the History of I a look at the current and potential roles of Geoconservation is scheduled for 24-25 geoconservation in contributing to social hit the new lease November 2006. The conference will be held and economic well-being. in Dudley, an area rich in geology and with a of life long history of involvement in the conservation The event is being staged by the Geological of geological sites and specimens. Society of London’s GeoConservation roof... Herefordshire and Commission and History of Geology Group, Worcestershire Earth Heritage The event will explore: with English Nature and the Black Country Shropshire Geological Society is due this view. Even the Romans used Trust has signed a 10-year I the origins of geoconservation (sites, Geological Society. The Geological Society is to complete a pilot survey of stone- Herefordshire stone to roof lease on an old quarry which landscapes, specimens, documents, art) – likely to publish the proceedings. tile roofing – the first work of its Uriconium (Wroxeter) in central it will now use as an when did it first start?; kind in the country – early in 2006. Shropshire. educational and research I the history of more formalised To offer a paper contact Cynthia Burek resource. geoconservation in the British Isles (the ([email protected]) or Colin Prosser Members and friends of the Society When the railways brought lighter, efforts of government, academia, voluntary ([email protected]). worked with English Heritage and cheaper Welsh slates, they replaced As well as offering visits to groups, societies and associations); To offer a poster or register interest in geologists, researchers and I the history of international initiatives that receiving further details as they emerge, South Shropshire District Council to local stone roofing and many of the other adult interest groups, have made an impact in the British Isles contact Hannah Townley (hannah.townley@ find buildings in the district roofed old stone tiles were re-used for the Trust will be inviting local english-nature.org.uk, or tel: 01733 455304). with stone tiles (other than familiar walling, garden edging or roads and schools, students and clay tiles or true ‘Welsh’ slates). pathways. community groups to Whitman’s Hill Quarry, in Photos: FMcM Associates Tile samples were brought to a Andrew said: “Society members were Storridge, near Malvern. Can you help rock the Dales? meeting where Society Project very pleased with the welcome, The quarry is the subject of a Core blimey! new Geodiversity Discovery Officer Andrew Jenkinson attempted interest and support shown by the to identify the stones – no easy matter public, and it is possible that a similar Visitors to High Lodge Forest centre in Thetford Venture, funded by English Forest Park, Norfolk, will hardly overlook Core since south Shropshire is famed for sort of survey will be done elsewhere, Nature through Defra’s sample, matrix revealed, a 12-metre-high Aggregates Levy its diversity of rock types. The if not across the whole country. sculpture created by Julienne Dolphin-Wilding Sustainability Fund. It was English Heritage expert initially Watch out areas such as the Yorkshire (below right). Commissioned by Forest used for limestone extraction thought that the stone roofing Dales or the Cotswolds, where there Enterprise in 2003 to reflect an element of the until 1990 and designated as material would have been locally are far more stone-roofed properties!” surrounding countryside, the towering sculpture a RIGS in 1999. sourced, and it was planned to try to comprises 24 sections of aggregate materials locate the old quarries. However, More on stone roofing at: and took over a year to complete. More information from the evidence thus far does not support www.stoneroof.org.uk Trust, tel: 01905 855184 Julienne created the work after visiting Grimes Youngest Trust Graves, a off to flying Neolithic mine where she noticed The Norber Erratics SSSI at Ingleborough is a showpiece for the Dales Rocks project. Photo: Peter Wakely/English Nature start a huge variety of Your Dales Rocks is a new project that aims to and their associated landscape for local interest, The North East Yorkshire substrata. “I felt Geology Trust – the highlight the diversity of rocks within the national and international importance. Some key strongly about bringing the Grimes Graves shaft youngest Geology Trust in Yorkshire Dales National Park and Nidderdale sites will be fully recorded and where possible up to the surface and a geological core sample the UK – reports that over Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) and made accessible as either Dales Geological Sites was an obvious way of doing it,” she said. 3,000 people have been increase understanding of how they have helped or Regionally Important Geological Sites (RIGS). Top right: the survey took in outhouses, such as this garden store. All around this building were attracted to its programme shape today’s landscape. The project will work One aim is to publish a popular map showing other old stone tiles, many with the peg holes still visible, now being used for garden edging or The sculpture has a 10-tonne concrete flagging for paths. Above left: binoculars were useful in looking at the detail of the tiles and stone foundation with 24 rings threaded on to a steel of 60 public events during towards creating a framework to help conserve walks and places where interesting rocks and type, here on Ashford Carbonel church, near Ludlow. Above right: the farm building had been inner tube. Each ring is composed of different the year. It has surveyed regionally and nationally important geological landscapes can be seen. roofed with clay tiles but the old dairy had maintained its stone roofing. Some of the tiles were as aggregates and features layers of soft chalk more than 100 geological large as 60cm x 40cm. All photos: Shropshire Geological Society sites. 180,000,000 years old, various sands, deer sites and produced seven The project’s first phase is being supported by trail leaflets and a DVD skulls, rabbit burrows and flint hand axes used If you can help or provide information, contact Defra’s Aggregates Levy Sustainability Fund outlining its work. Geoscience education conference by Neolithic man. The sculpture represents the the project officer Adrian Kidd, e-mail: administered by English Nature and the stratigraphy of Norfolk and is intended to inspire The International Geoscience Education geoscientific outreach programmes. [email protected] Landscape, Access, Recreation division of the people to think about the story of the planet’s The Trust is also in Organisation (IGEO) stages GeoSciEd V Topics include public understanding of make-up and the Earth’s surface. partnership with Countryside Agency. Guiding the work will be at the University of Bayreuth, Germany, Earth science; educational geoscientific Scarborough Borough Over the next few years, Your Dales Rocks aims the North Yorkshire Geodiversity Partnership, from 18-21 September 2006. research; and teacher-training in Council to produce a Local to investigate, review and document the rocks which includes the Yorkshire Dales National Park geosciences. Field trips include the Core sample, matrix revealed was funded by the Geodiversity Action Plan and the scenery they form. The first step is to Authority, Nidderdale AONB, Harrogate Borough The conference aims to provide a venue Ries meteorite impact crater, the Arts Council England, Forest Heath District for geoscience and teaching Bohemian-Bavarian Geopark and a Council and Suffolk County Council. (see pages 8-13). produce a Local Geodiversity Action Plan (see Council, North Yorkshire County Council, British professionals. Organisers say it will volcano tour. More details: Commissions East, Andrew Firebrace structural pages 8-13). The second step will be a Geological Survey, English Nature, Tarmac Ltd interest those who teach geosciences www.neyorksgeologytrust.com engineers, Frimstone Aggregates and May 6 geodiversity audit to assess the range of rocks and Hanson plc. and those who develop and deliver More details at: www.geoscied5.de Gurney supported the project. 7 Planning Planning Planning Planning Planning Planning Planning Planning Planning

and geological interests within the wider environment. I Plan policies on the form and location of development should take a strategic Massive step approach to the conservation, enhancement and restoration of biodiversity and geology, and recognise the contributions that sites, areas and for geological conservation features, both individually and in combination, make to conserving these resources. he publication in August 2005 Colin Prosser, I Plan policies should promote of Planning Policy Statement 9: opportunities for the incorporation of Biodiversity and Geological Head of Geology, English Nature beneficial biodiversity and geological Conservation (PPS9) means features within the design of T development. that geological (including geomorphological) conservation has a I Development proposals where the deservedly enhanced profile within the principal objective is to conserve or English planning system. enhance biodiversity and geological conservation interests should be The classic geology of Cornwall's coast It reflects both the increased levels of permitted. is now part of the Cornwall and Isles of Scilly Geodiversity Action Plan. I The aim of planning decisions should geological conservation activity taking Photo by Mick Murphy, English Nature place across the country, and the be to prevent harm to biodiversity and importance of geology and geological conservation interests.” LGAPs: geomorphological processes within our natural environment. Very importantly, it 4) The ongoing recognition and weight where are we now? has also come about because the geological given to SSSIs, of which there are 1,240 community responded positively to the with a geological interest in England, and Earth Heritage examines the growing importance, potential and consultation on PPS9 at the end of 2004 RIGS of which there are up to 3,000 in usefulness of Local Geodiversity Action Plans (LGAPs) in the UK. (see Earth Heritage 23, pp.16-17). delivering geological conservation within the overall planning PPS9, issued by the Office of the Deputy It remains to be seen what impact PPS9 will system. Jonathan Larwood of English Nature, provides the Prime Minister (ODPM), outlines the have on geological conservation in England overview and context for articles on the following four pages. Government’s policy on protection of and whether the enhanced profile for ocal Geodiversity Action Plans maintained. Those LGAPs that are biodiversity and geological conservation geological conservation will be adopted in (LGAPs) are a new and launched and now being delivered should through the planning system in England. It future planning policy for other parts of the effective mechanism for the continue to push forward. Those in the replaces Planning Policy Guidance Note UK. In England, however, PPS9 provides delivery of geoconservation. development and consultation phase should 9: Nature conservation (1994), and enough new policy ‘hooks’ to enable Conserving geology through the planning system. Black Rock, Brighton, illustrating the L Establishing an LGAP establishes a get to launch and then delivery. Areas yet to represents a massive step in the right geologists to challenge planning authorities development pressures faced by geological sites, even those exposed in coastal cliffs. process and provides a shared start should follow suit. direction for geological conservation. Photo by Colin Whiteman, University of Brighton about how they are implementing government policy relating to geological framework for the delivery of I To promote sustainable development planning authorities should adhere to in geoconservation that previously has not In England, the current distribution of A planning system that fully recognises the conservation. It should also help provide a by ensuring that biological and order to ensure that the potential impacts existed. LGAPs shows paucity in the south-east, importance of conserving the best of our policy context for production of Local geological diversity are conserved and of planning decisions on biodiversity and east and home-counties, whilst in Wales geological heritage, wherever it occurs, can Geodiversity Action Plans (see following enhanced as an integral part of social, geological conservation are fully LGAPs are moving forward apace. In three and Scotland, LGAPs are just starting so only be good news, particularly when faced articles). I environmental and economic considered. These principles include the years, primarily with funding and support the future direction for LGAPs is set by the with issues such as coastal protection or development, so that policies and following selected statements: from English Nature, Aggregates Levy gaps! landfill. PPS9 gives geological decisions about the development and I “Development plan policies and Sustainability Fund and MIRO, there are conservation much increased emphasis and use of land integrate biodiversity and planning decisions should be based now 24 LGAPs in development or formally We have now reached a point where there is profile and makes a number of important Further reading geological diversity with other upon up-to-date information about the launched in England; LGAPs under a growing need to establish a wider policy statements about the need for the considerations. environmental characteristics of their development in Wales and Scotland; and framework for LGAP delivery – a National planning system to help deliver geological PPS9: Biodiversity and geological I To conserve, enhance and restore the areas. These characteristics should company GAPs are also being considered. GAP. This could provide a context for the conservation across the whole landscape. conservation is available from The diversity of England’s wildlife and include the relevant biodiversity and continued delivery of LGAPs, reduce Stationery Office, geology by sustaining, and where geological resources of the area. overlap between LGAPs and establish a The highlights from PPS9 include: www.tso.co.uk/bookshop, and is Where next? possible improving, the quality and I Plan policies and planning decisions clearer justification for continued funding. 1) The title of the policy statement which accompanied by an ODPM / DEFRA As a first step towards ongoing sharing of extent of natural habitat and geological should aim to maintain, and enhance, explicitly recognises geological circular giving detailed legislative experience, an LGAP website has been and geomorphological sites; the restore or add to biodiversity and The objectives of a National GAP should conservation alongside biodiversity. provisions and a good-practice guide. established (www.english- natural processes on which they geological conservation interests. In nature.org.uk/special/geological/lgap). This mirror the LGAP and set them in a national depend; and the populations of taking decisions, local planning context. It should provide the impetus to 2) The section on “The Government’s Prosser, C. (2005). It’s about time: should increasingly act as a focus for naturally occurring species which they authorities should ensure that complete LGAP coverage, promoting Objectives” which states that: Rejoice! There is now greater maintaining current information about the support.” appropriate weight is attached to consistent standards and targets and “the Government’s Objectives for recognition for geological conservation development and progress of LGAPs. 3) The section on “Key Principles” which designated sites of international, providing a coherent view between national planning are: in the planning system. Geoscientist, lists a number of key principles that national and local importance; government and local communities for 15, (11), pp.10-11. It is essential that the momentum 8 regional planning bodies and local protected species; and to biodiversity established in LGAP development is delivering geological conservation. I 9 Planning Planning Planning Planning Planning Planning Planning Planning Planning Do we now need a Cynthia Burek, National GAP? Chair, NEWRIGS

s the number of LGAPs practice have been produced (Burek & increases across England, and Potter, 2004, English Nature, 2004) and with the first LGAPs being serious thought is now being given to the Adeveloped for Anglesey in next stage - to establish a National Wales and West Lothian in Scotland, it is Geodiversity Action Plan. This raises a worth assessing what these action plans number of questions: have achieved. I Should a National GAP be at a Britain- wide level, or drawn up individually for The Cheshire region LGAP is the longest- England, Wales and Scotland? running stand-alone Geodiversity Action I Who would take responsibility for Plan and those involved are now mentoring managing a National GAP? Anglesey and its developing LGAP. I Who would the partners be? Cheshire has always been conscious of I How would it be sustained? embedding the Action Planning process in local plans and job descriptions thus The LGAP was developed to operate at the removing the process from individuals and local level following on from its biological making it more sustainable. counterpart, the Biodiversity Action Plan. Unlike BAPs, LGAPs are not driven by Actions from the plan are distributed legislation. However, the publication of the between more than 30 partners with Government’s Planning Policy Statement 9 Steeply bedded Precambrian quartzites near South Stack, north-west Anglesey – a mere fraction of the island’s outstanding geodiversity. different organisations undertaking tasks (see Colin Prosser on page 8) puts Photo by Stewart Campbell/CCW relevant to themselves. At present the geological conservation in a much Terry Williams, Cheshire LGAP is being evaluated to improved position. PPS9 highlights the Planning for variety establish its own effectiveness, to monitor need for mechanisms such as LGAPs to Gwynedd and Môn RIGS Group Saltmarsh at Traeth Coch, eastern Anglesey - one of its progress and to update the plan. Over help achieve its aims. In return, LGAPs the numerous sites under review by Gwynedd and he geology of the Isle of an area anywhere else in the British mentors the team headed by Cynthia Burek the last three years much has been achieved provide a means for geological Môn RIGS Group as part of its developing LGAP Anglesey is of extraordinary Isles. Some might go further and extend at the University of Chester which drew up and geodiversity is now recognised, if not conservation to be fully considered in the process. grandeur and scientific that claim to Europe. Cheshire’s LGAP in 2003 and who have completely understood, across the old vice planning process. Photo by Stewart Campbell/CCW importance. It includes a wide been operating and developing it county. Students, tourists, residents, T diversity of rocks and soils, ranging from To promote the conservation of our successfully since. planners and the public all have material communication of the importance of The development of future LGAPs is to be post-glacial deposits to ancient geological heritage in Anglesey effectively aimed at them to help better understand the geological conservation must be built in to encouraged but their findings must be Precambrian gneisses of unknown but in the 21st century, a properly designed A small team including Margaret Wood and importance of geology and therefore of all LGAPs if they are to be long lasting. actively used. They must not just be a vast age, with rich Proterozoic and strategy is required. Such a strategy is best other members of the Gwynedd and Môn planning for it with GAPs. The principles fashion product to be left on a shelf!! A Palaeozoic suites in between. No greater embodied in an Action Plan. It has been RIGS Group, Bill Fitches of Central Wales of sustainability, evaluation and wide Guidelines for LGAP production and best National GAP? Let’s get it moving. I variety of rocks is to be found in so small Anglesey’s good fortune to have as our RIGS Group, and Stewart Campbell of CCW have been liaising closely with Huntsmans Quarry is excellent for both biological Cheshire’s LGAP team to formulate a draft and geological conservation interest. Ynys Môn Local Geodiversity Action Plan, Geodiversity in the Cotswolds modelled initially on the successful Left, the worked-out quarry site has been restored Cheshire scheme but tailored to the special to a natural wildlife habitat. he recently published David Owen, an audit of the currently demonstrable requirements of Anglesey’s unique Gloucestershire Cotswolds geodiversity and the potential for Below, the working site exposes an interesting geodiversity. The draft plan should be Geodiversity Audit and Local Gloucestershire improving it and the means of section showing Chipping Norton limestone at the available for initial circulation to existing Geodiversity Action Plan implementing the plan and interpreting base, overlain by grey Fuller’s Earth clay, capped and prospective partners in Anglesey early T Geoconservation Trust by the Eyford Member (Cotswold Slates). (LGAP) describes the natural, social geodiversity; all of which provide a solid in 2006. and cultural setting of the Cotswolds as action to protect and conserve the area’s background for the final section, the plan it relates to geodiversity. geodiversity has been drawn up. itself. The LGAP is operated by a group of partners comprising local industry, All geodiversity features in the Cotswolds The LGAP is divided into five sections: a The intention of the document is to guide committed and enthusiastic steering group. enterprise, government and private have been audited and, from this, a plan of general introduction to the area, an the protection and management of the The long-term conservation of geodiversity individuals. Key initial steps include full overview of geodiversity and its related area’s unique geodiversity, increase (geoconservation) and its sustainability in audits of relevant existing resources, both issues in the Gloucestershire Cotswolds, understanding and awareness of it and to the Gloucestershire Cotswolds is largely natural and human, and of sources of The three speakers on launch day, Prof. Adrian promote geotourism, education and dependent on the adoption and relevant skills and information. Phillips CBE, Gloucestershire Environmental Trust lifelong learning. The most pressing need, implementation of the LGAP by the county The LGAP will be an important plank in & Cotswolds AONB; Mark Campbell, Chairman of however, is for the appointment of an and district councils, landowners and other Anglesey’s bid for UNESCO-backed Gloucestershire Geoconservation Trust; David LGAP officer to co-ordinate projects and Geopark status in 2006-7 (see pages Glenn, Managing Director of Huntsmans Quarries. initiatives and to further develop a 16-17). I 10 Photos by Gloucestershire Geoconservation Trust continued on page 12 11 Planning Planning Planning Planning Planning Planning Planning Planning Planning West Lothian leads in Scotland A geological tale of two parishes Hugh Barron and Sarah Arkley, John W. Gittins, British Geological Survey Cheshire Landscape Trust

cotland’s first LGAP – the West geodiversity audit as part pilot study of two contrasting Lothian Geodiversity of its Heritage Lottery Cheshire parishes highlights Burwardsley’s Village Design Framework – is nearing Fund bid. Loch Lomond the huge influence of and Parish Landscape Statement. Scompletion. With help from West and the Trossachs Aunderlying geology on Lothian Council, Scottish Natural National Park Authority landscape character and how Heritage and the Lothian and Borders will also include geodiversity links geology, landscape, RIGS Group, the British Geological geodiversity as a theme in wildlife and people. Cheshire Landscape Survey (BGS) has finished the its Park Plan. Trust is a key player in the Cheshire geodiversity audit and the associated region LGAP. report; the GIS and database and outline On a national level we action plan are well advanced. expect the new Strategic Landscape Character Assessment (LCA) Environmental tells you what makes a place distinctive. It The project, funded by the Scottish Assessment (SEA) regime is a key technique in achieving Some members of the working groups, Burwardsley Executive Aggregates Levy Fund and BGS, to be an important driver development that is not only in the right (above) and Weaverham (below). assesses the state of geodiversity in the area for future geodiversity place, but which respects and enhances its Photos by John Gittins in its local to national context and its work. SEA is a systematic process for July 2004 and the Environmental View taken from the volcanic Bathgate Hills across surroundings. It can also inform West Lothian's gently undulating lowlands underlain Assessment (Scotland) Bill is at committee land management decisions that relevance to biodiversity, soil conservation identifying, predicting, reporting and by varied Carboniferous sediments to the Firth of and other protection designations. The audit mitigating the environmental impacts of stage in the Scottish Parliament. SEA is Forth and beyond. will help the economy and sustain will inform sustainable planning and public-sector-plans and programmes. also a key part of the Scottish Executive’s the environment. The pilot took the development, management, conservation White Paper Modernising the Planning The varied volcanic and sedimentary geology LCA procedures agreed for large and interpretation of the Earth heritage of The consultation authorities have a key role. System. underlying West Lothian has historically had a major areas by the Countryside Agency influence on the development of the region, and Scottish Natural Heritage and the area. Scottish Natural Heritage will advise on particularly the extraction of oil-shale which resulted landscape and geological features Geodiversity in England and Wales has in the world's first oil refinery to be located here. As applied them at parish level. Beyond West Lothian, both the North West (indicating, if appropriate, where these are received a welcome boost from PPS9 (Colin demands on the landscape change from extraction Highland Geopark and the Lochaber the subject of national or international Prosser, page 8). In Scotland, we may soon to development and tourism, it is equally important Based on the Countryside Commission’s In Burwardsley, the ‘Upper scarp farmland’ Geopark Association are actively protection) and, where relevant, the soil, have an opportunity to raise geodiversity that we are aware of what lies beneath and has Countryside Character map of England, is on the higher ground of the resistant shaped our landscape to use it to its best potential. considering local geodiversity audits and water, and material assets necessary to awareness by input to the Scottish Weaverham was chosen for its flat glacial Image by Sarah Arkley BGS ©NERC. sandstone while the ‘Lower scarp farmland’ action plans for their respective areas. support these environmental features. The Executive’s review and consolidation of till characteristics within the Shropshire, lies on the screes which have developed as Across the Sound of Sleat, the Broadford Scottish Environment Protection Agency existing natural heritage planning guidance Hugh Barron and Sarah Arkley publish with Cheshire and Staffordshire Plain. a result of glacial modification and and Strath Landscape Partnership on the (SEPA) will advise on soil (land), water and (NPPG 14 Natural Heritage and NPPG 13 permission of the Executive Director, British Burwardsley, on the Cheshire sandstone subsequent weathering. Isle of Skye is interested in including a air. SEA Regulations came into force in Coastal Planning). I Geological Survey (NERC). ridge above the Cheshire Plain, is dominated by bare Triassic red sandstone. Local involvement has been high. The from previous page external facilitators (John Gittins from CLT Geodiversity in the Cotswolds Working at community level, we aimed to and Philip James from the University of produce a LCA and a combined Village Salford) have worked with the Parish conservation organisations working in the delegates from a wide cross-section of geodiversity as ‘a neglected story, whose The close relationship to landscape Design and Parish Landscape Statement for Council, City Council, County Council and area. Strong support from the Cotswolds organisations. Mark Campbell, Chairman time had come’. His talk linked character makes geodiversity the key to both parishes. Burwardsley’s has been done. Bolesworth Estate. In Weaverham, a similar AONB Conservation Board has been of Gloucestershire Geoconservation Trust, biodiversity and geodiversity, the need for understanding and appreciating the area’s Weaverham’s should be completed this process is being followed. The experience invaluable and the Board is committed to described the philosophy behind the recognition and protection of geodiversity natural beauty and heritage, including its summer. With support from Parish has shown that local people, with some furthering its objectives. The ongoing work LGAP, the need for it and reasons behind and how World Heritage Sites and biodiversity. I Councils, Chester City Council, Vale Royal external help, can produce a parish-based of developing a Geopark for the Cotswold producing it. David Glenn, Managing Geoparks are helping to achieve this, along Borough Council and Cheshire County LCA. It is a valuable tool for promoting Hills will complement the LGAP. This was Director of Huntsmans Quarries Ltd., and with initiatives such as LGAPs. He Council, working groups were established community development, ownership and More information on LGAPs can be driven by Gloucestershire Geoconservation Chairman of the Quarry Products described LGAPs as ‘a vital tool for in both parishes. Following open well-being. The work links to district, found at: www.lgaps.org and Trust (GGT) in partnership with the Association in the South West Region, geodiversity conservation and workshops, the working groups country, regional and national levels of www.english-nature.org.uk/Special/ AONB, The Geology Trusts and IHS gave an industry perspective on enhancement’ and stressed the need for a characterised their landscapes and LCA and can be used as evidence at geological/lgap Energy Ltd. The project was funded by geodiversity. partnership approach to their developed a strategy and action plan. These planning inquiries. It also fits well into the MIRO (Mineral Industry Research implementation. In the Cotswolds the were promoted through local events such as Community Strategy/Plan process. A I The Gloucestershire Cotswolds Organisation) through the Aggregate Levy Professor Adrian Phillips CBE, Chairman unifying character of the limestone the Rose Queen Fete, exhibitions and talks. combined Village Design and Parish Geodiversity Audit and LGAP is Sustainability Fund. of the Gloucestershire Environmental Trust geology, over 30 SSSI of geological The maps produced recognise the Landscape Statement adds value to a Parish available to download from GGT: The Gloucestershire Cotswolds LGAP was and member of the Cotswolds AONB importance and numerous RIGS pay topographical features which themselves Plan and can help it obtain ‘Quality Parish www.glosgeotrust.org.uk launched in October in front of over 40 Conservation Board, described testament to the area’s geodiversity value. depict the underlying geology. Council’ status. I 12 13 Overviews of Scotland’s Earth heritage How can aerial photography contribute to a wider understanding of Earth heritage? Patricia Macdonald of the Aerographica partnership offers some pointers using oblique aerial images of Scottish landscapes.

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Aerographica, managed 5: Great Glen Fault, Highlands. 6: Ring-dyke complex, Ardnamurchan peninsula. 7: Carstairs Kames. 3 by Patricia & Angus 8: River meanders, upper Clyde valley. 9: Glacial features (corries), Braeriach, Cairngorms. Macdonald (both of the All photographs by Patricia & Angus Macdonald/Aerographica School of Arts, Culture & 1: Braided river and ancient pines, Glen Feshie, Cairngorms. 2: Active gravel spit, The Bar, Culbin, Moray Firth, Environment at the Scotland. 3: Dumbarton Rock, Firth of Clyde, Scotland. 4: Bass Rock, Firth of Forth. University of Edinburgh), carries out Earth heritage-, natural heritage- and environment-related research, record interpretation and artworks principally using aerial photography. More details at: 7 www.Aerographica.org.uk

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In their undulating movement across the of shingle, itself transported down the River forces applied on an extensive geographical heritage formations, such as the Carstairs Most of the aerial views here are intriguing natural pattern, in the next, the floor of the glen, the braided channels of the Spey. But from a thousand feet above these scale, an even higher viewpoint is Kames [7] or the details of the meanders of straightforwardly descriptive. A few of them crown of a tree re-establishes for us the River Feshie erode the roots of ancient features, the characteristic patterns of river sometimes needed. From several thousand the River Clyde [8], are best described using [such as that showing the channels of the scale of a real landscape. Finding a location pines [1]. The Culbin Bar proceeds by a few or tidal-cell dynamics are revealed. feet the trough of the Great Glen Fault the combination of an aerial viewpoint with River Feshie] however, possess additional in which to make this kind of picture gives metres per year towards the mouth of Nairn becomes comprehensible [5], but one has low winter light. And a covering of snow levels of meaning. Some of the most particular excitement to an aerial sortie. From this height, too, small volcanic plugs harbour [2]. The forms of both these to reach the operational ceiling of a light may help the viewer to see clearly the forms interesting low-level aerial images contrast Flying above such places, it is sometimes such as Dumbarton Rock on the Firth of geomorphological features are maintained aircraft (about 10,000 feet) to encompass in of classic glacial features, such as those of the abstracting tendency of the semi- possible to feel the grasp of geophysiology, Clyde [3] or the Bass Rock in the Firth of by slow movements difficult to see from the a single image a huge feature such as the the Cairngorms [9]. As well as their vertical view with a scale of detail that the cool gaze of Gaia, at first hand, and Forth [4] may be clearly seen standing out ground unless one recognises the individual ring-dyke complex, representing the roots of descriptive uses, aerial images like these enables recognition of human-scale features occasionally to bring back a trace of those from their flat context of sediments or sea- pines, or the brick pebbles that once the Palaeogene volcano, forming the end of may also inspire greater enthusiasm for the such as trees or buildings. Such pictures intense experiences in the form of an image surface. formed a fishermen’s bothy on the Bar, now the Ardnamurchan peninsula [6]. landscape in Earth scientists and others hold these contrasting attributes in powerful that may begin to communicate them. distributed along that sweep To appreciate the effects of other geological Sometimes extensive but subtle Earth- alike. tension: at one moment, we see an 14 15 Geoparks Geoparks Geoparks Geoparks Geoparks Geoparks Geoparks The Geopark concept is an ANGLESEY: emerging phenomenon – one that packs the potential to boost popular Geo- small but appreciation of geology perfectly formed and landforms on a world scale. Margaret Wood, whizz! Gwynedd and Môn RIGS Group Over the next seven pages, Leah Townshend, Menter Môn Earth Heritage looks at the Tapping the Geopark potential growth of Geoparks in the Stewart Campbell, CCW A superb example of a post-glacial raised beach at Llanddwyn Island, south-west Anglesey. Photo by Stewart Campbell/CCW UK and Ireland, and considers the associated wynedd and Môn RIGS (AGP) was set up. The partnership requirements. Such a network of sites Group has been comprises key stakeholders from the will complement the existing development of working with a range of voluntary, public, private, industrial SSSI/GCR network and provide the geotourism. Gpartners to achieve and education sectors and AGP foundation for subsequent Geopark status for Anglesey in 2006. members give their time and resources geoconservation and educational This follows successful UK and Irish mainly on a voluntary basis. The key initiatives. What makes Republic bids to achieve Geopark partners working with the Gwynedd status for the Abberley and Malvern and Môn RIGS Group include the The second is the development of a a Geopark? Hills, North Pennines AONB, Fforest Welsh Assembly Government LGAP for the island (see pages 8-13). Fawr, North West Highlands, Marble (Aggregates Levy Sustainability This will provide an essential Arch Caves and Copper Coast. Fund), CCW, Isle of Anglesey County framework for protecting and Geopark is an area of Council and Menter Môn, an developing Anglesey’s geodiversity. terrain with a unique or Each Geopark has a particular theme enterprise agency devoted to the The key partners driving the Ynys niche geological heritage and Anglesey contains, in a compact, economic development and Môn (Anglesey) LGAP are also those and a sustainable A easily defined area, a greater variety regeneration of the island. engaged in the Geopark initiative. territorial development strategy. of Precambrian rocks, in both type and age, than anywhere else in Britain. The initial aim of the partnership is to Following a conference in Lesvos, A Geopark must have a clearly defined submit an application to the UNESCO Greece, in September, 2005, attended boundary and be large enough for Continuing research has identified Global/European Geopark Network by 150 delegates, an international sustainable economic development – many unsolved problems regarding the for Geopark status by July, 2006. Geopark conference is scheduled for primarily geotourism – for the benefit not age and origin of the Precambrian Compiling a suitable application September 2006 in Belfast and around just of the visitors, but for the people rocks in Anglesey and scientists from dossier is complex enough to require 600 delegates are expected. Gwynedd who live within the park. It must all over the world visit its shores to the employment of an officer. Funding and Môn RIGS Group will present a encourage local people to re-evaluate study the complexities of the field arrangements for this post are in place. paper on the Welsh Assembly their heritage and actively participate in evidence. Currently, a group of Government-funded geodiversity the revitalisation of the area. Japanese scientists visits the island The AGP’s ethic is ‘Anglesey’s survey of Anglesey, concentrating on annually to study its 600 million-year- geology is globally unique. It is an methods of site selection and The individual geological sites within a old Precambrian rocks. The rocks invaluable asset that can be used to documentation. Group members have Geopark must be important for scientific provide a direct analogue with those enhance the quality of life of its also been asked to arrange field days quality, rarity, aesthetic appeal and have being formed today in Japan, in an inhabitants. Anglesey’s geology and its in Anglesey for some of the delegates educational value, and it helps if the active tectonic setting. people are intrinsically linked; just as after the formal proceedings in geology can also be linked to people have shaped the landscape, so Belfast. Possible venues include, archaeological, ecological, historical or Naturally, the principal geological the landscape has shaped the people’. Rhoscolyn, South Stack, Parys cultural developments. theme for a Geopark in Anglesey Mountain and Cwm Idwal in would be ‘The Precambrian’. The The way forward Snowdonia. Snowdonia is on the The Geopark concept was originally part tremendous diversity of the island’s Two key pieces of ongoing work are Welsh mainland and is regarded as a of a European programme but it has non-Precambrian geology will not be fundamental to the success of the ‘gateway area’ to the potential now been elevated by UNESCO to a forgotten and will form a secondary AGP’s Geopark application. Anglesey Geopark. Towns and areas global designation, with all the theme. can be nominated as gateways if they advantages that world status can bring. The first is the comprehensive have the potential to benefit a The most obvious of these is access to Preparing for Geopark geological/geomorphological survey Geopark. Most obviously this is funding. Geopark status allows Status of the island (and mainland Gwynedd) encouraging visitors to advance from applications to European funding Gwynedd and Môn RIGS Group by Gwynedd and Môn RIGS Group. the gateway to the Geopark, but there programmes such as LEADER+ and initiated a meeting in March 2005 at This Welsh Assembly Government- is potential for ‘gateway’ organisations Interreg for collaborative projects with Oriel Ynys Môn (Anglesey’s foremost funded project will identify RIGS to collaborate with their Geopark other members of the UNESCO Global art gallery and museum), and the covering all the key scientific, counterparts to develop other ventures /European Geoparks Network. Anglesey Geodiversity Partnership educational, historical and aesthetic of mutual benefit. I

This limestone pavement lies adjacent to Anglesey’s coastal path, at Moelfre. The path allows unprecedented Photo by Stewart Campbell, CCW 16 access to Anglesey’s immense geodiversity, and will be fundamental to any geotourism strategy. 17 Geoparks Geoparks Geoparks Geoparks Geoparks Geoparks Geoparks North West Highlands highlighted he North West Highlands Geopark was officially Maarten Krabbendam, launched on 12 September Local school children provide a musical accompaniment at the launch. 2005 by Professor Aubrey British Geological Survey T Photos by Michael Roper, SNH Manning at the Knockan Crag National Ian Mitchell, Dr Isobel MacPhail, Geopark Nature Reserve Visitor Centre. Officer for the North West Scottish Natural Heritage Highlands Geopark

Professor Manning, the presenter of the Professor Aubrey Manning engages with young BBC's Talking Landscapes and Earth Story acknowledges the unique geological the Scottish Geology Festival, some longer working well as a team and the strengths of development, geotourism and youth action. visitors over interpretative rock art, at the Knockan programmes, and emeritus professor of character of the area, its rich cultural guided walks were held. One memorable each organisation helping to maximise the In addition, every household is also sent a Crag National Nature Reserve Visitor Centre, during natural history at Edinburgh University heritage and a strong partnership for walk at Durness was led by Professor Paul quality of each event. Geopark leaflet and a questionnaire. The the launch of the North West Highlands Geopark. said: “This is a most spectacularly sustainable economic development. This is Smith from Birmingham University, who results will help form the basis of the Further information: beautiful part of the British Isles. Some of an achievement for Scotland as a whole.” did not shy away from explaining to his Hopes are high that the accolade of being Geopark strategy. Dr Isobel MacPhail, Geopark Officer, the oldest rocks in the Earth are here. On audience such issues as eustatic sea-level Scotland’s first ‘Global Geopark’ will North West Highlands Geopark, top you have Torridonian sandstones which After the ceremony, a range of more rise, storm deposits and the ‘invention’ of herald exciting new initiatives in Earth The North West Highlands Geopark Culag Building, Lochinver, produce these extraordinary mountains, informal ‘geological’ activities included sexual reproduction in the Cambrian. The science interpretation, education and steering group gratefully acknowledges the Sutherland IV27 4LE making the landscape unique.” ‘cave painting’, gold panning, a mountain- programme was organised and delivered by conservation throughout the North West generous support of local sponsors and Tel/Fax: 01571 844000 building demonstration and short guided Highland Council Rangers, staff from Highlands. A thorough local consultation agencies, including the Sutherland E-mail: info@northwest-highlands- The launch, attended by almost 300 people, walks around Scottish Natural Heritage’s Scottish Natural Heritage, the British has started with discussion meetings in Partnership, the Highland Council, British geopark.org.uk was enlivened with music, Gaelic songs Knockan Crag National Nature Reserve. Geological Survey and the North West seven village halls. We are asking the Geological Survey, Scottish Natural www. northwest-highlands- and poetry performed by local children. In The event received widespread TV, radio Highlands Geopark Officer. This simple question ‘what would you like to Heritage, Caithness & Sutherland geopark.org.uk a message of support, The Right and newspaper coverage. partnership working structure – unusual in see done in your Geopark?’. Local people Enterprise, the LEADER+ programme, and Honourable Jack McConnell, Scotland’s comparison with other European Geoparks have been presenting their ideas on Coigach, Assynt, Scourie, Kinlochbervie Maarten Krabbendam publishes with the permission of the Executive First Minister, stated: “the award During the week that followed, as part of – has proven very successful with people publicity, interpretation, business and Durness Community Councils. I Director, British Geological Survey, (NERC).

visit Knockan-style facilities elsewhere and locations, but that relatively low Developing geotourism in Scotland. numbers of people asked had visited these I There was a high level of interest in places primarily for their geological Plans to expand opportunities for geotourism across having themes within the network – importance. Scotland, through development of interpretative facilities especially those around dynamic river based on the ‘hub and satellite’ model, have come a step and coastal environments, volcanoes and The survey suggests, therefore, that closer thanks to a study carried out in the summer of fossils. geotourism development on a hub and I The most important interpretative satellite basis, with various themes 2005 at Knockan Crag. facilities were leaflets and waymarked embedded within the network as a whole, cottish Natural Heritage’s Colin MacFadyen, trails. would appeal not only those with an aspiration of establishing a interest in geology, but also to those just geotourism network in Scotland Scottish Natural Heritage In a useful adjunct to the visitor survey, passing through with a general interest in was covered in issue 24 of Earth university departments that teach geology the natural heritage. There would need to S existing geotourism facilities at and around crucially, the desirability of having sets of Geology and its links with archaeology is one of and visit Scotland for field trips were be, however, differences in the sorts of Heritage. The feature explained that Knockan Crag. SNH commissioned visitor hubs and satellites across the country several themes to emerge as the basis for a canvassed about their views, needs, interpretative facilities and features for SNH hoped to create a geotourism geotourism network in Scotland. The Callanish network across the whole country based research during the summer of 2005 and linked by themes. Stones on the Isle of Lewis, made from slabs of interests and aspirations. This survey specific markets. on the ‘hub and satellite’ model, a nearly 300 face-to-face interviews were banded Lewisian gneiss, may represent a visiting revealed that the Knockan hub and satellite recognised and proven approach already carried out. Visitors were asked for their The survey found that: point in a future themed geotourism trail. facility was used by some departments and More research is now being planned to successful at the Knockan Crag reasons for visiting; the level of their I The vast majority of people visiting Photo by Colin MacFadyen that there would be an interest in the determine whether it is possible to develop Interpretative Centre and surrounding geological background; the nature, scope Knockan come with family or friends development of certain themes within a hub and satellite facilities that are based, in area within the North West Highlands and appropriateness of the current and most are in parties of two people. the general sightseers who preferred future geotourism network. Clearly, part, on what geofeatures visitors want to Geopark. interpretation; the relationship between the I Although a quarter of visitors had touch screens and other interactive though, there would be a need for more see interpreted. This more market-led hub and its satellites; the desirability or discovered Knockan from a guide book interpretative facilities, and visitors with detailed, specialist information. approach to the development of geotourism However, before engaging partners such as otherwise of having interpretation that or tourist literature, many visitors had an interest in geology who preferred and interpretation may help target landowners and other agencies, it was forges closer links with the wider natural found the site whilst passing through the leaflets and information panels. Interestingly, the survey also revealed a resources and balance the specialists’ essential to test the proposal and get the and cultural heritage; interpretative area. I Overall the hub and satellite concept high level of awareness of the geological views about what the public might find views of the groups who actually use the vehicles (leaflets, trails, panels etc.), and, I There were two key groups of visitors – was a popular one and people wanted to significance of some other Scottish areas interesting. I 18 19 Geoparks Geoparks Geoparks Geoparks Geoparks Geological heritage in the Emerald Isle

Matthew Parkes, Geological Survey of Ireland

You will probably never find emeralds in Ireland, but there are plenty of geoscientific sites of importance – gems in their own landscape.

This article reports on the dynamic efforts to Grappling with the range of sites in Ireland to be protected means assessing everything from the Cliffs of Moher, above, to a make people more aware of their geological The word esker was derived from the Irish language, and though they are widespread site that is a tiny roadside outcrop, under threat of road widening. heritage and to value it all the more. throughout Ireland, they are under huge pressure as sand and gravel resources. All photos by Matthew Parkes/Geological Survey of Ireland The IGH7 Quaternary Theme is grappling with identifying the most important eskers The coast of County Clare is internationally renowned for its geology, and what is practically conservable. Ballymoon Esker in Carlow is part protected as and is particularly valuable to those seeking to understand offshore oil woodland habitat, but exemplifies the issues. basins. At sites such as Doonaha, exquisite sand volcanoes are one of the Laying the foundations many dewatering structures to be seen.

uch of the geological heritage agenda has been Heritage Officers and four counties have recently commissioned pushed by John Morris of the Geological Survey specific audits of their county’s geological sites under the of Ireland (GSI), and its Irish Geological Heritage Plan. The author, with assistants funded from the county Heritage Programme (IGH) set up in 1998, after Heritage Plan, has now prepared reports for the counties of Sligo, M Carlow, Clare and Kildare. years of attempting to persuade other nature conservation bodies to address geology and geomorphology. The Programme is founded on the identification and selection of sites in a The fundamental question of protecting sites of scientific scheme that mirrors the Geological Conservation Review in the importance has inevitably raised issues that are new in Ireland. UK. The most important sites, to be designated as Natural The IGH Programme has not been without teething troubles for a Heritage Areas (NHA) under the Wildlife (Amendment) Act new partnership arrangement, among them being the sparse 2000, are broadly comparable to SSSIs. The National Parks and human resources available for the work. However, it is anticipated Wildlife Service is responsible for their designation and that the first geological NHAs will soon be designated from the management, taking advice from the GSI. It is currently part of first three themes (Karst and two palaeontology themes covering the Department of Environment, Heritage and Local the whole stratigraphical column). These have been completed in Government. Dúchas, the Heritage Service, has been abolished the necessary depth to underpin the socially and politically for political reasons after some years as an integrated agency. sensitive act of restricting a landowner’s freedom, however minimally. The Ballylin Mushroom rock in County Offaly. Thought to mark limestone Given a smaller land mass and a marked lack of Mesozoic rocks, solution by former lakes up to the lip level, such stones are best protected the geology of the Republic of Ireland is being assessed under only by County Geological Site status. The issue of Notifiable Operations is an especially difficult area, 16 themes (comparable to blocks of the UK’s GCR). At present, since many geological sites are quite robust, and the management indicative site lists for all themes have been compiled with the help Scotland and Wales. These were promoted by the IGH Programme issues are different to those familiar to ecologists in nature of expert panels, so that now, for the first time, there is a clear and adopted into the National Heritage Plan (2002). They have no conservation. Paradoxically, in many geosites some excavation, national picture of all the sites that are to be assessed in more detail statutory basis but, if adopted by County Councils into their County clearance, trenching or other activity may reveal new interest. In for possible NHA designation. Sites with multiple interest under Development Plans, receive at least some measure of recognition fact we only have or know about many sites because someone has different themes are known and site boundaries can be managed and protection in the planning system. Many local authorities have dug a hole in the ground in the first place. Nowhere is this more more efficiently. already adopted provisional suggestions from GSI and these will be pronounced than with active working quarries. Designation of such sites is a recognition that they may be the best, or the only, updated in periodic cycles. Karstic landscapes like the Burren in County Clare are well known for their The indicative lists contain many sites that are not considered as place to see whole sections of stratigraphy, and not a restriction on botany and archaeology, founded of course on the geodiversity. A wealth of possible NHA sites, but which are still of local, and possibly Most local authorities now have a Heritage Officer, and have a the legitimate operation of the quarry. interest makes this area a prime candidate for World Heritage status. national importance. These are classed as County Geological Sites five-year Heritage Plan for their counties. The GSI’s Irish Sheshymore's limestone pavement is one of the finest. 20 (CGS) and are comparable to RIGS in England, Geological Heritage Programme has forged strong links with the continued on page 22 21 Geoparks Geoparks Geoparks Geoparks from previous page Geological heritage in the Emerald Isle CONSERVING Spreading the geological message Geologists in general seem to be poor communicators, with an preceded by archaeological and geophysical study, led by the arcane language and an unwillingness to devote time to telling Mining Heritage Trust of Ireland. Sophie Preteseille, the STONES their fascinating stories in plain language to a wider audience. Geopark’s geologist, has been engaging a wide community in Fortunately in Ireland, a range of efforts is being judged as schools activities and guided walks. Links with University increasingly successful in reaching out and explaining the vital College Cork are training teachers in using their local landscape importance of geology to people’s everyday lives. resources in teaching the new geography syllabus which has a for all reasons… strong geological focus. In Northern Ireland, Kirstin Lemon, the The IGH Programme has attempted over recent years to address geologist at the Marble Arch - Cuilcagh Geopark, has been the need for outreach. Tailored school visits to GSI, including developing a wide range of educational and public promotional hands-on sessions with rocks and minerals, have been popular. activities. Simple temporary exhibitions such as What on Earth? have Sally Foster, reached thousands of people when placed in the local library or One of the most encouraging developments of recent years has Council offices, or when tied in to Heritage Week each been the establishment of Earth Science 2000 (ES2k). Historic Scotland September. Originating as a response to the closure of Queen’s University Belfast Geology Department, and the reduction of geology A- The GSI’s Landscapes from Stone joint project with the level teaching in Northern Ireland, ES2k has gone from strength Geological Survey of Northern Ireland has produced a massive to strength in recent years, becoming an all-Ireland group last range of popular walking and touring guides which have woven year. Its colour magazine reaches a very wide schoolteacher and geology into other stories. The current Breifne Mountains general public audience due to sponsorship from a wide range of Project, with Interreg funding from Europe, has been building bodies. ES2k is now an umbrella organisation promoting awareness of natural and cultural resources for tourism, founded awareness of Earth science. in the geological landscape of an upland area of the north-west. The Future There has been considerable success in driving geotourism and While there has been a wide range of positive developments in geological heritage forward in Ireland, supported by Interreg geodiversity awareness-building, education and conservation in funding. The European Geoparks Network has grown Ireland, there is also an uncertain future for the IGH Programme. dramatically since it started a few years ago, including those in The author, the IGH geologist, has moved to look after geological Sueno’s Stone The Council for Scottish Archaeology Carved Stones Advisor near Forres is Project has refined a methodology for recording of carved- England and Scotland already reported in Earth Heritage. The collections in the Natural History Museum in Dublin, and an extreme but stone decay by volunteers, focusing on gravestones. two Irish Geoparks were the first new members outside of the whether a replacement appointment will be made is something effective All pictures © Crown Copyright reproduced Courtesy of Historic Scotland core founders. Interreg funding has supported a wide range of the only time will tell. Without one, fundamental site-based example of Copper Coast Geopark’s activities in County Waterford. conservation work will falter. However, the Geoparks and other bringing the Conservation work on 19th century mining heritage remains was outreach work will continue. I controlled environment to the monument. The Valentia Tetrapod Trackway site hat do you see when you Scotland’s rich and varied inheritance of Scotland has taken up this challenge and One site that stood out is look at a gravestone? Is it carved stones is an important cultural asset. has developed a co-ordinated Action Plan. now owned by the State a work of art, a source of From Prehistoric rock carvings to and open to visitors with information about family gravestones, this inheritance provides a Recording and research access and interpretation Further Reading W history, a monument, or a geological very tangible connection to our ancestors. Recording and research underpin all good Parkes, M.A. and Morris, J.H.M. measures in place. A resource? Of course, it is all of these, and Through them we still have much to learn conservation strategies and are essential booklet explaining the site in (2002). Earth Science Conservation in much more. about our past. when it is no longer possible to conserve plain language is also Ireland: The Irish Geological Heritage something. They apply equally to new available. Following advice Programme. Irish Journal of Earth Historic Scotland has recently published What unites all these cultural assets is that discoveries. A multi-disciplinary approach from GSI, the National Parks Sciences, 19 (2001), 79-90. Carved Stones: Scottish Executive Policy they: is good practice and there is an increasing and Wildlife Service bought Parkes, M.A. (2004). and Guidance, which addresses the issues I are stones carved by humans; tendency to seek to understand the the site and completed the The Valentia Tetrapod Trackway. of protection, preservation and presentation I share the same range of threats; ‘biography’ of a carved stone – recognising necessary works. The site Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin of this remarkable resource. A key theme is I are particularly vulnerable to where a stone comes from, and how it was has a trackway of footprints, 16pp. respecting the many values and meanings environmental erosion, which of course worked, appears early in the story. left by a tetrapod, a four- that carved stones have. This includes varies according to geology and location; legged amphibian. Further information geology, for when all is said and done, and Research into carved stones should employ Radiometric dating shows stone sculptures are still rocks, many of I require the same type of specialised non-invasive techniques. These might Geological Survey of Ireland: www.gsi.ie this is the oldest in situ which utilise local geology. Although conservation. include visual assessment, laser scanning ES2k: www.habitas.org.uk/es2k/ trackway in the world at 385 technically part of the built heritage, the and magnetic susceptibility. We should million years. It records a Copper Coast Geopark: ethos of carved-stone conservation has Like any other rock, carved stones are only consider destructive analysis, even if major evolutionary step of www.coppercoastgeopark.com echoes of the conservation and vulnerable to natural weathering processes minor, in exceptional circumstances, and The Valentia Tetrapod Trackway has a superb location on the vertebrates leaving the Breifne Mountains Project: enhancement of the geological heritage. and are prone to being vandalised. only when it poses no threat to the long- edge of Europe, which repays the effort visitors may have to water and breathing air on www.breifne.ie This synergy means that the resource Strategies are obviously required to address term significance or conservation of the make to get there. an ancient floodplain. Marble Arch Geopark: retains its value for both geologists and such threats to carved stones and secure Photo by Matthew Parkes/Geological Survey of Ireland social historians. their long-term preservation. Historic 22 www.marblearchcaves.net/ continued on page 2423 from previous page Conserving stones for all reasons Prehistoric rock carving in question. Advice always needs to be sought to find out art in Scotland how appropriate such analysis is, and whether any permissions are Prehistoric rock art presents special issues because it is often necessary. Any cores and samples require documentation and long- found on bedrock. term curation to ensure availability for future scientific study. Melting pot The range of Scottish prehistoric rock art Understanding processes of decay In Scotland we find over 1,600 carvings on bedrock, We need to understand the processes of geological decay if we are earthfast boulders or incorporated into structures (where they to identify how to slow this down. Historic Scotland commissions have sometimes been reused). These were produced over GeoConservation Commission offers UK ideas forum and publishes a lot of research about this. We also support about 1,500 years in Neolithic and Bronze Age times. They recording by volunteers and others. But we recognise that there are include some of the most spectacular and important examples Peter Doyle, higher levels of recording and analysis that professionals need to in the British Isles, notably at Kilmartin in Argyll. A newly undertake. recognised phenomenon is scratch art, where abstract designs Chairman are lightly incised in houses and tombs, such as Maeshowe in Identifying priorities for action Orkney. We have to target resources. This means establishing where the priorities for action lie. Of the most significant carved stones, History of interest which have major conservation problems already, and which are Interest in Scottish rock art has had a slow start, with the decaying the fastest? Laser scanning can help with long-term first serious overview in 1865. In the second half of the 19th monitoring of the small-scale changes that occur to a stone surface. century, geology was still a very young discipline and there was less sensitivity to and awareness of rock surfaces, let Active conservation alone recognition of rock carvings. This was also not art as Which problems can we then act on? Specialised stone the Victorians knew it. Only now are professional he work of the conservators are able to use a range of techniques to consolidate archaeologists taking a serious interest in its study. GeoConservation Commission the surface of carved stones, although there is much international (GCC) is unique and broad. It controversy about what is appropriate. The principle of minimum Natural dimensions is the only UK-wide forum for intervention must always apply. T geoconservation debate that brings There is a very fine line to be drawn between the natural and Above: closure of the upper path at the Causeway cultural aspects of rock-art sites. We are developing an eye together both statutory and non- Coast was one of the issues discussed by the Where a carved stone is affected, how can we conserve it? A key for how prehistoric peoples carefully selected where in the governmental organisations. And it GeoConservation Commission in helping to formulate strand of the Scottish Executive policy is that there should be a recognises that geoconservation the management plan for the World Heritage Site. landscape they placed their carvings, how they chose stones Right: basalt columns at the Giant’s Causeway. presumption in favour of keeping a carved stone in its locality and which had a certain shape, and how their designs respect (or encompasses not only the natural Photos by Peter Doyle setting. Historic Scotland and others have therefore sought to sometimes mimic) the geological form of the rock. Our environment, but the built environment change the immediate environment of threatened carved stones by techniques for recording and analysis are being modified to and the geological collections housed in wider adoption and appreciation of building shelters to protect them. This in itself can be controversial. reflect this. museums and libraries. geoconservation issues in a number of Long-term monitoring is always required. cases. Next steps Day-to-day, the GCC promotes the wider Our guidance also tells you about cleaning, de-turfing, lichen and British rock art is valuable as an academic resource. It is also appreciation of geoconservation. Rarely Importantly, the GCC organises regular moss removal. a highly visible and publicly accessible component of the does it get involved in examining individual open meetings to discuss new or urgent historic environment. Historic Scotland is exploring with cases – these are best dealt with locally – issues in geoconservation, usually in For good examples of non-invasive geological work, the fellow British and international organisations how the needs but the GCC has been a correspondent in association with other organisations, for biographical approach to carved stones, and applications of laser of Scotland’s prehistoric rock art might be addressed, sharing many public enquiries where a unified example the History of Geoconservation scanning, see further reading. I experience and good practice. voice is needed. Conference (see page 6).

Through its open forum, the GCC Minerals and the Holocene Carved stones span over 5,000 years of human activity in Scotland. You will Further Reading examines pressing issues to help set the usually find prehistoric carvings on bedrock, as here at Achnabreck in Argyll. The GCC has been busy considering Foster, S.M. and Cross, M. (eds) (2005). agenda for the future of conservation in the of the soils, landforms and stratigraphy of conservation in two rather tricky areas: an Able Minds and Practised Hands: Scotland’s Early UK and abroad. As such, it is regularly the Holocene – a largely neglected field. consulted on Government planning examination of approaches to mineral Medieval Sculpture in the 21st Century Both areas were discussed in open proposals, and has helped influence the collecting in the UK, and the conservation www.maney.co.uk/series/smam conferences in 2004, at Salford University (minerals) and Bournemouth University GCC’s broad church (Holocene), with collaboration from both The GCC is hosted by the Geological Society of London. It began life as the Further information universities and with the Russell Society Society’s own Conservation Committee, made up of those Fellows and others who and the Quaternary Research Association/ You can download Carved Stones: Scottish Executive had a specific interest in conservation. Today, the organisation boasts representation British Geomorphological Research Group. Policy and Guidance and our Action Plan from from an impressive list: the Joint Nature Conservation Committee, English Nature www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/carvedstones (Natural England), Scottish Natural Heritage, the Countryside Council for Wales, and Sponsoring conferences like these doesn’t Northern Ireland’s Environment and Heritage Service; English Heritage and Historic provide the last word on the subject – but it See also: Scotland; the BGS, UKRIGS, the British Institute for Geological Conservation, does create a ripple that spreads through www.scottishgraveyards.org.uk Council for Scottish ProGEO, the National Trust, the Geological Curators’ Group, the Geological Society, the geological community, opening further Archaeology Carved Stones Advisor Project Geologists’ Association, Quaternary Research Association and the British avenues for discussion in these difficult www.rcahms.gov.uk and www.pastmap.org.uk Geomorphological Research Group. It also has representatives from the Jurassic areas. Coast World Heritage Site management team. 24 for information about carved stones in your area. continued on page 26 25 Lateatestst publicationpublicationss Lateatestst publicationpublicationss

Helping to promote geodiversity Strathclyde first Oxford gap stylishly filled

The Geology of Oxfordshire. buildings constructed from the The Geology of Ardmore Following the successful Earth heritage: different sites and for different audiences. Philip Powell, 2005. Dovecote rock types under consideration. World heritage conference hosted by JNCC Among the conclusions were: Point is the first leaflet produced by the Press Ltd. £12.95. Paperback. The numerous maps and diagrams in Dorset in 2004, a short booklet, I Have a good story to tell – inspire Strathclyde ISBN 1-904349-19-6. are also a model of clarity and Involving people in geodiversity has been people; RIGS Group, a relatively simplicity. I published by JNCC and English Nature. Use simple and familiar language that is new group operating Considering that William Smith, appropriate to the audience and always under the auspices of the ‘Founder of English Geology’, The booklet summarises the discussions provide easy access to information; the Geological Society was born in Oxfordshire in 1769, and conclusions of a two-day workshop on I Involve specialists, not only geologists of Glasgow. This the lack of a modern account of the promotion of geodiversity and but people who are experienced in leaflet introduces an the county’s geology is surprising. area on the Clyde, geological conservation. Delegates included presenting information and understand The gap is now filled with a those involved in the management and the needs of your audience; near Helensburgh, known as an ideal superbly illustrated, large-format promotion of geological sites, those I Create partnerships with the local which provides practical examples to help location for paperback written by Philip working to promote geodiversity through community, existing organisations and all those interested in involving people in teaching several Powell, an expert on Jurassic education and interpretation, those networks; geodiversity. basic principles of dinosaurs and until recently a interested in raising the profile of I Connect geodiversity with the cultural geology. curator at Oxford’s University geoconservation, and those looking at ways heritage of an area; Copies of the booklet can be obtained by Museum of Natural History. to identify and make use of the links I Use geodiversity to inspire art and contacting [email protected], Copies are available from: Strathclyde between cultural and geological diversity. encourage people to see their and further information can be found at: RIGS Group Many books for potential Geological Society of Glasgow surroundings in different ways. www.geoconservation.com/conference/follo review land on my desk, but The case studies and discussions revealed wup/weekend.htm Gregory Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ. this one caught my eye with that much innovation is being used. Further information can be found in the its attractive simplicity. It Different approaches are required both for Involving people in geodiversity booklet, – Emma Durham, JNCC (Please enclose a stamped and self-addressed envelope with deals with the geology of the sufficient postage to cover the number of leaflets required – they county in 13 chapters, progressing weigh about 10 grams each.) logically from a broad geological In a way, the book takes the Melting pot – from page 25 overview to more detailed initial approach of a BGS memoir, New town trails accounts of each major simplifies the geology without stratigraphical subdivision – Lower being patronising, and illustrates it both restoration and new-build projects, Earth heritage: world Flint and Ruthin are the latest Jurassic, Middle Jurassic, Oxford to make it more relevant and England, with its much larger population heritage places to feature in the series of Clay etc. The Quaternary is informative to non-specialists. This and strong regional identities, has so far In association with the JNCC, the town geological walking trails followed by an account on The is how to present a county-based been left behind. Commission initiated and sponsored a produced by the North East Arrival of Man, Time and Motion geology for a broad audience! Wales RIGS Group (NEWRIGS). successful and truly international (a clear explanation of plate So, the Commission convened a working Produced as A3 sheets which conference at Wareham in Dorset – close to tectonics) and finally Geology – Stewart Campbell, group of members from the BGS, English fold down to the handy third- the heart of the Jurassic Coast – to examine from the Train – a pen picture of Countryside Council for approaches to conservation and Nature, English Heritage, Historic A4 size, the leaflets are full colour, bilingual English and the geological features Wales management of geological World Heritage Scotland/NSI, the National Stone Centre Welsh, and contain an encountered on a train journey and the Stone Federation GB to develop a Sites. extremely handy time zone between Reading and Moreton-in- framework for a three-day conference. The chart. This allows trail-goers Marsh. Geological divisions up Cemetery lively conference discussed the supply, use, Delegates from across the world had the to put the geological history until the Tertiary are each opportunity to examine in detail the planning and training issues associated they see into time context riches presented with relevant outcrop Cemeteries Jurassic Coast of East Devon and Dorset – with indigenous English stone. As a result, at a maps and a palaeogeographical hold much there will be a working stone forum – a glance. and to engage in a discussion that continues reconstruction. geology, a fact today with dedicated web pages on the voice for England’s stone. highlighted by Both Peter Kennett Commission’s website. Particularly good are the quality The future leaflets are available free. in a third-A4 Send a 30p-stamped, self- and range of the illustrations. leaflet Rock The GCC has also been active as part of the Corfe Castle – an example of England’s built heritage Dynamic and active, the GCC creates a addressed, envelope to Photographs in each chapter in the platform for the free discussion of ideas working group that helped develop the Prof Cynthia Burek, Dept of illustrate not only the quarries and Sheffield and concepts within geological conservation. Because it management plan for the Causeway Coast – the Giant’s Causeway Biological Sciences and sections where the rocks have been General represents such wide-ranging organisations, it is able to build Cemetery. in Antrim. The much needed management plan was delivered by Environmental Research exploited and described, but consensus and on time to UNESCO – the governing body for all working parties from statutory and non-statutory organisations. Group, University of There is more to view here representative fossils, examples of than in most graveyards. A 29- World Heritage Sites. More open meetings and conferences will follow, and the Chester, Parkgate Road, typical landscape features and stone spiral path has been Commission will continue to make itself felt in the conservation Chester CH1 4BJ. scenery as well as notable created, and the leaflet forms an England’s heritage in stone arena. excellent casual guide to the If you have a geological publication - book, booklet, The use and abuse of natural stone in our built environment is assembled samples. The leaflet is leaflet or CD – that you would like considered for something that concerns the GCC. While Scotland and Wales For more on the GeoConservation Commission, go to available from the cemetery these pages, please send it to one of the Editors gatehouse, tel: 0114 268 3486, have thriving forums for discussing the use of indigenous stone in www.geoconservation.com. web: www.gencem.org 26 whose details appear on page 2. 27 Earth Heritage magazine is published twice a year to promote interest in geological and landscape conservation.

Much is happening on the Welsh island of Anglesey (Ynys Môn). Anglesey contains, in a compact, easily defined area, a greater variety of Precambrian rocks, in both type and age, than anywhere else in Britain.

Now the island is bidding to become a Geopark, and work is also under way on creating an Ynys Môn Local Geodiversity Action Plan.

Read about both developments in this issue.

Photo by Stewart Campbell