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Impact of Maternal Effects on Ranking of Animal Models Scientific Journal of Review (2014) 3(8) 909-915 ISSN 2322-2433 doi: 10.14196/sjr.v3i8.1587 Contents lists available at Sjournals Journal homepage: www.Sjournals.com Original article A summary of sleep reporting and prediction ceremony in ferdowsi’s shahname p. malmoly Department of Persian Literature, Baghmalek Branch, Islamic Azad University, Baghmalek, IRAN. *Corresponding author; Department of Persian Literature, Baghmalek Branch, Islamic Azad University, Baghmalek, IRAN. A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Article history: In Shahname of wise of the Tus, a range of ceremonial Received 29 August 2014 issues, such as food, clothing, partying, eating, sleeping and Accepted 19 August 2014 dreaming to monarchy rituals with many possible patterns are Available online 29 August 2014 written, and these are the signs of the perfection of the Shahname, and undoubtedly all of these issues are happened in Keywords: our lives that their existential philosophy should be studied. Shahname One of the things that were most interesting for the ancestors Dreams was the prediction of dreams and that part of the astronomy Priests which extracted laws and their effects on human beings’ fate. Prediction This paper is about dreaming and prediction ceremony and to Reality explore how events are appeared in our dreams before they have been occurred. And who knows these issues. Was it just the dreams of kings and heroes predicted? Or is it possible for common people’s dreams to be predicted? What is the relation between dream, the unseen worlds and witness? © 2014 Sjournals. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction Shahname is a masterpiece in which more unknowns are added by further explorations. Be aware of the future has been a concern and demand of human beings which engages their minds. Dreaming and prediction are kinds of issues which encourage people to discover the secrets of the future. One of the 909 P. Malmoly / Scientific Journal of Review (2014) 3(8) 909-915 aspects of dreaming in Shahname Ferdowsi is prediction and knowing about the future. Prediction means telling about the events in near of far future, regardless of whether it would be happened or not. Prediction is one of the prominent elements of epic which has many aspects in Shahname. The inspirations were explained clearly by priests and astronomers and people’s fate were determined. The mystery of the inside of the human with the world would reveal the secrets. Undoubtedly, there are some inspirations while someone is dreaming and reveal the events of the future. Some of these dreams would come true, such as dreams of old men of Viseh and Zahhak and Zal and just wises know these issues. This wisdom is a kind of Divine light which lied inside the mighty and just kings. Some examples of these predictions are explained in the dream of Kei Khosro, Anushiravan, Babak, Goshtasp the king and etc. When it leads to death and because there is no way to escape from death, the only choice was to live happily and establish justice and purity. 2. Sleep reporting and prediction ceremony “The other ancient ritual that we face in all of the Shanname is dreaming ceremony which has the close connection with fate authority. Believing in fate is the basic ceremony and generally fate is a great symbol in epics and is its basis. One of its aspects in Shahname is predicting the future events by dreaming through priests. The other aspect of fate authority is to predict the future by stars’ status. As doctor Bahar said, it shows how important the absolute fate is in Shahname and there is no sense of freedom. In Zoroastrian religion, dream is not a simple phenomenon, but the theme of that should be understood, because dream is such a thing that shows some events in the future, in both normal sleep and visible reality. At first it was thought that sleeping is equal to death and darkness and in contrary, awakening is equal to life and light. But of course, it is not true. Awakening attributes to God, but in contrast, sleep belongs to god of day, Ahuramazda. The last Zoroastrians had prayed a god called Khavamne (sleep) which always associated with a trait named Mazddate, which means creator of Mazda. If myths are social sources of truth, dreaming is a gate through which humans can perceive the truth”(Vaheddust, 2000, 460). “In Shahname, dreaming is much more mythological ritual with esoteric signs and symbols. Dreams are the mirrors of a hero’s fortune and he should unquestionably accept whatever he saw in the dream and his attempt to disobey and escape from its fulfilment like running away from the fate is in vain. Good heroes, such as Siavosh and Kai Khosro who were aware of their dreams’ mystery and never escaped from their fates, but Zahhak, was searching for Fereydoon to kill him due to his terrible dream”(Vaheddust, 2000, 461). “In Shahname, dream is a night secret that should be hidden from strangers and just sleep reporters are allowed to hear that and the dream should only be said to a confidant. A hero often dreams not only one night, but also several consecutive nights and the message sends him gradually not abruptly. The examples are Sam’s dream, two dreams of Bbak, the Ardeshir’s grandfather and 10 dreams of Kayde Hendi”(ibid, 462). 3. Anushiravan’s dream Anushiravan dreamed that a tree grows beside his bed. He invited sleep reporters and priests to predict his dream but there were few to do this. One night Shah Nushiravan lay asleep, but his soul was alert, wise and clairvoyant. He beheld in his sleep how in front of his throne there sprang up a majestic tree, which rejoiced the king’s heart so greatly that he called for wine and music and minstrels. But stead with him on that couch of ease and luxury was a sharp tusked boar. There it sat and indulged in wine bibbing, demanding to drink from Nushiravan’s own cup. And when Sol put up his heart in the sign of Taurus there was heard om all sides the melodious lament of the lark. The king sat upon the throne moodily, his heart full of presentiment because of the dream. An interpreter of dreams was summoned and the warriors were given places at an audience, at which the Shah told counsellor and guides what he had seen in his vision. 910 P. Malmoly / Scientific Journal of Review (2014) 3(8) 909-915 The interpreter of dreams made no response, for he had no recollection of any similar story. The Shah sent about the land for other interpreters, offering rich rewards for anyone who could explain the significance of the vision(Distich 970-983,p 1062). “One night Nushin Ravan (Anushiravan) dreamed that a majestic tree was grown beside his bed and the king became happy of seeing that and sent for the bard and wine. Again he dreamed that a hog was sat beside his bed and stared at him stunningly and took his goblet of wine. When he woke up in the morning, he was sad due to the dream that he saw. He sent for a sleep reporter, but he was not able to predict king’s dream. The king sent for another sleep reporter. Eventually, a man named Azad Sarv came to the palace and interpreted the dream that “a young man with woman’s dress and jewelry is entered into the seraglio”. By hearing this, the king became upset and ordered to interrogate the seraglio. A young man came out of a veil and everybody were wondered of the true report”(Abadi Bavil, 1971,48-147). The boy in reply said: ‘in your house, among the women of your seraglio, there is a young man who goes about garbed as a woman’(Distich 25-1025,p 1064). Bouzarjomehr is a wise sage who interprets Anushiravan’s dream and believes that this dream is a secret that nobody should know about it. Whan Bozogmehr heard what the envoy was saying he listened and raised his face. To the master he said: ‘this is game for me, Interpreting dreams is my subject’. The man of the Avesta shouted out to him,’have you corrected your copybook? You beast wildly Have you ever interpreted a dream?’ At that the envoy said, ’my learned man perhaps he knows something. Do not attempt to subdue him. It may be that destiny has illuminated this boy and that he has learned from fortune rather than from you.’ Angry at Bozorgmehr, the master told him to tell the envoy what he had in mind. He answered that he would speak to nobody save the Shah and only then if he gave him a place before the throne (Distich 996-1002, p 1063). Bouzarjomehr interprets Anushiravan’s dream and says that, there is a man among the women in seraglio that wears woman’s dress and this stranger should be out of there as soon as possible. ‘Clear the place of all the strangers so that no one may give a hint of what I am about to advice.’ The king’s eunuchs were commanded to parade the occupants of the seraglio naked before him and a youth was discovered who was claimed by one of them to be her brother(Distich 1026-1028,p 1064). 4. Kaykhosro and awareness of death They continued with him He soon arrived at the promised fountain in which he bathed. He then said to his followers: “Now it is time for our separation, you must go,” but they still remained.
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