Safle Treftadaeth Y Byd Cestyll a Muriau Trefi'r Brenin Edward Yng Ngwynedd Sydd Wedi Bod Yn Rhan Annatod O'n Treftadaeth Ers Bron I Fileniwm

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Safle Treftadaeth Y Byd Cestyll a Muriau Trefi'r Brenin Edward Yng Ngwynedd Sydd Wedi Bod Yn Rhan Annatod O'n Treftadaeth Ers Bron I Fileniwm Safle Treftadaeth y Byd Cestyll a Muriau Trefi’r Brenin Edward yng Ngwynedd Cynllun Rheoli Drafft 2016–26 Hydref 2016 Cadw yw gwasanaeth amgylchedd hanesyddol Llywodraeth Cymru, yn gweithio i sicrhau amgylchedd hanesyddol hygyrch a ddiogelir yn dda i Gymru. Cadw, Llywodraeth Cymru Plas Carew Uned 5/7 Cefn Coed Parc Nantgarw Caerdydd CF15 7QQ Ffôn: 01443 336000 Ffacs: 01443 336001 E-bost: [email protected] www.gov.wales/cadw Cyhoeddwyd 10 Hydref 2016 © Hawlfraint y Goron 2016 WG29575 Ffotograffau'r clawr, yn glocwedd o'r chwith uchaf: Castell Biwmares, Castell Caernarfon, Castell Conwy a Chastell Harlech (Hawlfraint y Goron (2016) Llywodraeth Cymru, Cadw). Rhagair gan y Gweinidog Mae gan Gymru rai o'r asedau treftadaeth ddiwylliannol gorau yn y byd. Ddeng mlynedd ar hugain ar ôl ei arysgrifio, ni cheir enghraifft well o hyn na Safle Treftadaeth y Byd Cestyll a Muriau Trefi'r Brenin Edward yng Ngwynedd sydd wedi bod yn rhan annatod o'n treftadaeth ers bron i fileniwm. Mae'r henebion yn fwy na champweithiau pensaernïol; maent wedi siapio'r cymunedau yn y cyffiniau, wedi dylanwadu ar hanes Cymru a'r DU ac, yn fwy diweddar, wedi chwarae rôl economaidd a chymdeithasol bwysig. Bob blwyddyn, mae mwy na hanner miliwn o bobl yn ymweld â'r safle, gan gyfrannu mwy na £30m i economi Cymru. Mae buddsoddiad sylweddol dros y degawd diwethaf fel y cyfleusterau o'r radd flaenaf i ymwelwyr yn Harlech yn ceisio datblygu'r buddiannau ehangach pwysig hyn a gwella arnynt. Mae a wnelo'r Safle â phobl hefyd, gan ymgysylltu cymunedau lleol a thu hwnt er mwyn helpu pobl i ddeall ein treftadaeth a'i mwynhau, a darparu cyfleoedd dysgu gydol oes. Mae'r gwaith da a wneir ar brosiectau peilot Cyfuno/Arloesi yn un o sawl ffordd gadarnhaol y gall yr henebion wneud gwahaniaeth - gan helpu treftadaeth ddiwylliannol i gynnig profiadau i blant a phobl ifanc a all newid eu bywydau. Mae'r Safle hefyd yn cynnig lle deinamig ar gyfer amrywiaeth o ddigwyddiadau, o fentrau bach cymunedol i ddigwyddiadau unigryw fel arddangosfa deimladwy y Weeping Window yng Nghastell Caernarfon. Am yr holl resymau hyn, mae'r broses o reoli'r safle mewn modd cynaliadwy ar gyfer cenedlaethau'r dyfodol yn hanfodol. Mae'r cynllun presennol wedi bod yn effeithiol i'r safle; mae wedi cael ei ddiogelu a'i warchod yn dda, a chyflawnwyd datblygiadau pwysig fel agor Muriau Tref Conwy dros y 10 mlynedd diwethaf. Fodd bynnag, mae bellach yn amser cyflwyno cynllun newydd sy'n ymateb i'r heriau ar gyfer y dyfodol ac sy'n rheoli'r ased dreftadaeth hon sy'n eiconig yn fyd-eang gan sicrhau ei bod yn parhau i wireddu ei photensial llawn yn economaidd ac yn gymdeithasol. Hoffwn ddiolch i'r sawl a fu'n gyfrifol am ddatblygu'r Cynllun drafft, yn cynnwys yr amrywiaeth o randdeiliaid a'r cyhoedd a gymerodd ran yn y digwyddiadau gwahanol a gynhaliwyd dros yr ychydig fisoedd diwethaf, a holl aelodau'r Grŵp Llywio am eu gwaith yn llunio a datblygu'r ddogfen ddrafft. Edrychaf ymlaen at glywed eich barn ar y cynllun drafft. Ken Skates AC Ysgrifennydd y Cabinet dros yr Economi a'r Seilwaith Cynnwys 1. Cyflwyniad 1 1.1 Beth yw Safle Treftadaeth y Byd? 1 1.2 Cestyll a Muriau Trefi'r Brenin Edward yng Ngwynedd 1 1.3 Rôl y Cynllun Rheoli 4 1.4 Cyflawniadau'r Cynllun Rheoli Blaenorol 5 1.5 Cyfranogiad Rhanddeiliaid a'r Gymuned 7 1.6 Strwythur y Cynllun Rheoli 9 2. Datganiad o Arwyddocâd d 10 2.1 Cyflwyniad 10 2.2 Datganiad o Werth Cyffredinol Eithriadol 10 2.3 Cyfanrwydd 12 2.4 Dilysrwydd 13 2.5 Nodweddion Allweddol 13 2.6 Lleoliad y Safle 14 3. Safle Treftadaeth y Byd yn ei Gyd-destun 25 3.1 Un Safle, Pedwar Lleoliad 25 3.2 Trosolwg Hanesyddol o'r Pedwar Safle 27 3.3 Lleoliad y Cestyll 36 3.4 Cyd-destun Cymdeithasol a Diwylliannol 40 3.5 Cymunedau Safle Treftadaeth y Byd Heddiw 45 4. Anghenion Rheoli a Fframwaith Polisi 48 4.1 Cyflwyniad 48 4.2 Gweledigaeth ac Egwyddorion Cyffredinol ar gyfer Safle Treftadaeth y Byd 48 4.3 Fframwaith Polisi 49 4.4 Cynllun Gweithredu 74 5. Monitro 90 Atodiad 1 Dulliau ar gyfer Diogelu a Gwarchod y Safle 92 Atodiad 2 Datganiadau Amlinellol o Nodweddion 95 Atodiad 3 Rhestr o Gyfeiriadau 107 Pennod 1 Cyflwyniad 1.1 Beth yw Safle Treftadaeth y Byd? 1.1.1 Mae Pwyllgor Treftadaeth y Byd UNESCO yn diffinio Safleoedd Treftadaeth y Byd fel a ganlyn: 'places of Outstanding Universal Value to the whole of humanity. This means that their cultural and/or natural significance is so exceptional as to transcend national boundaries and to be of common importance for present and future generations of all humanity.' Nid oes unrhyw gydnabyddiaeth uwch o ran gwerth treftadaeth. Mae'r tri Safle Treftadaeth y Byd a arysgrifwyd yng Nghymru (Cestyll a Muriau Trefi'r Brenin Edward yng Ngwynedd, Tirwedd Ddiwydiannol Blaenafon a Dyfrbont a Chamlas Pontcysyllte) yn cynrychioli pwysigrwydd byd-eang Cymru yn hanes pensaernïaeth filwrol ganoloesol a gwreiddiau diwydiant. Mae canllawiau diweddar gan Lywodraeth Cymru yn pwysleisio diogelu a gwarchod Safleoedd Treftadaeth y Byd yn hanfodol er mwyn meithrin dealltwriaeth well o'u hanes a'r hyn sy'n eu gwneud yn rhyngwladol bwysig.1 1.1.2 Yr Adran Diwylliant, Cyfryngau a Chwaraeon sy'n gyfrifol am sicrhau bod y DU yn cydymffurfio'n gyffredinol â Chonfensiwn Treftadaeth y Byd UNESCO ac mae'n cysylltu â Llywodraeth Cymru o ran y broses o enwebu, gwarchod a diogelu Safleoedd Treftadaeth y Byd yng Nghymru. Fodd bynnag, mae'r broses o reoli Safleoedd Treftadaeth y Byd yng Nghymru yn fater datganoledig a Gweinidogion Cymru sy'n gyfrifol am sicrhau cydymffurfiaeth â'r confensiwn, gyda'r swyddogaethau hyn yn cael eu cyflawni drwy Wasanaeth Amgylchedd Hanesyddol Llywodraeth Cymru (Cadw). 1.1.3 Mae dull Llywodraeth Cymru o ddiogelu Safleoedd Treftadaeth y Byd yn seiliedig ar ddynodi'r safle, neu elfennau ohono, yn statudol, defnyddio’r system cynllunio i reoli datblygiad o fewn y safle, a llunio a gweithredu cynlluniau rheoli Safleoedd Treftadaeth y Byd ar y cyd â chyrff eraill er mwyn sicrhau cyfranogiad effeithiol a gweithredol pob rhanddeiliad allweddol. 1.2 Cestyll a Muriau Trefi'r Brenin Edward yng Ngwynedd 1.2.1 Arysgrifwyd Cestyll a Muriau Trefi'r Brenin Edward yng Ngwynedd yn safle unigol gan UNESCO (Mudiad Addysgol, Gwyddonol a Diwylliannol y Cenhedloedd Unedig) ar y rhestr o Safleoedd Treftadaeth y Byd yn 1986 fel safle diwylliannol o Werth Cyffredinol Eithriadol. Mae'r safle'n cynnwys Castell Biwmares, Castell a Muriau Tref Caernarfon, Castell a Muriau Tref Conwy, a Chastell Harlech. Roedd ymysg y saith safle cyntaf o'r DU i gael ei briodoli â'r lefel hon o bwysigrwydd rhyngwladol. Dangosir y pedwar lleoliad drosodd. 1 Rheoli Newid ar Safleoedd Treftadaeth y Byd yng Nghymru, Llywodraeth Cymru, Cadw, i'w gyhoeddi 1 1.2.2 Un o ganlyniadau penderfyniad Brenin Edward I o Loegr, a gyhoeddwyd ar 17 Tachwedd 1276, i fynd yn erbyn Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, tywysog Cymru, fel rebel ac aflonyddwr ar yr heddwch2, oedd dechrau rhaglen o adeiladu cestyll yng Nghymru ar raddfa nas gwelwyd ei thebyg o'r blaen. Dros yr 20 mlynedd nesaf, dechreuodd y brenin adeiladu wyth castell newydd, yr oedd gan rai ohonynt drefi caerog sylweddol hefyd. Yn yr un cyfnod, gwelwyd gwaith adeiladu brenhinol o bwys mawr hefyd ym mhedwar o'r cestyll Cymreig brodorol a oedd wedi cael eu cipio gan y Goron, yn ogystal â sawl castell a oedd yn bodoli eisoes ar y gororau a ddefnyddiwyd i lansio gweithrediadau'r Saeson. 1.2.3 Y gwychaf o'r wyth castell newydd oedd Biwmares, Caernarfon, Conwy a Harlech. Roedd pob un ar safleoedd arfordirol yng ngogledd-orllewin Cymru. Roedd gan Gaernarfon a Chonwy drefi newydd, pob un wedi'i hamgáu o fewn muriau anferth a adeiladwyd ar yr un amser â'r cestyll. Roedd gan Fiwmares dref newydd hefyd, ond ni chafodd ei hamgáu o fewn muriau cerrig tan fwy na 100 mlynedd ar ôl i'r castell gael ei adeiladu. Roedd gan Harlech dref newydd fechan hefyd, ond ni fu ganddi furiau erioed. Cafodd y pedwar castell eu dechrau a'u cwblhau i raddau helaeth o fewn y cyfnod 1282 i 1330. 1.2.4 Heddiw, mae Safle Treftadaeth y Byd yn denu mwy na hanner miliwn o ymwelwyr bob blwyddyn ac mae'n cyfrannu tua £8 miliwn i'r economi leol (cyfateb i fwy na 450 o swyddi). Mae'r cestyll yn enwog yn genedlaethol ac yn rhyngwladol, gan ddenu diddordeb ac ymwelwyr o bob cwr o'r byd, ac maent yn cyfrannu'n helaeth at apêl a diddordeb yr ardal i ymwelwyr o bob cwr o'r byd. 1.2.5 Mae Atodiad 1 yn crynhoi'r dulliau presennol ar gyfer diogelu a gwarchod y Safle, yn cynnwys deddfwriaeth genedlaethol a threfniadau cynllunio lleol. 2 A. J. Taylor, The History of the King’s Works in Wales 1277-1330, (a gyhoeddwyd yn wreiddiol yn R. A. Brown, H. M. Colvin ac A. J. Taylor, The History of the King’s Works, Llundain, 1963); a ailgyhoeddwyd fel cyfrol ar wahân yn 1974 ac unwaith eto, fel Arnold Taylor, The Welsh Castles of Edward I (Llundain, 1983). 2 3 1.3 Rôl y Cynllun Rheoli 1.3.1 Mae UNESCO yn argymell y dylid llunio cynlluniau rheoli ar gyfer pob Safle Treftadaeth y Byd er mwyn dod â’r holl bartïon cyfrifol at ei gilydd a’i gwneud yn bosibl i’r safle gael ei reoli mewn ffordd gysylltiedig.3 Mae'r gwaith o lunio, mabwysiadu ac adolygu'n rheolaidd gynlluniau rheoli y cytunwyd arnynt ar gyfer pob Safle Treftadaeth y Byd yn hanfodol i ddull gweithredu Cadw, partneriaid a chymunedau lleol o ddiogelu'r safleoedd pwysig hyn yng Nghymru.
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