DOCSLIB.ORG

UNESCO Culture of Peace Programme ……………………………………………………

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

COMMON GOALS - VARIETIES OF APPROACHES: PROMOTION OF PEACE, HUMAN RIGHTS AND DEMOCRATIC CITIZENSHIP THROUGH EDUCATION International Symposium International Centre of Croatian Universities Dubrovnik, 26-29 November, 1998 Prepared by Igor Vidačak and Jasmina Božić Croatian Commission for UNESCO Peace and Human Rights Education for Croatian Primary Schools Project 2002 The opinions expressed in the participants' papers are those of the authors and need not necessarily reflect the opinion of the members of Peace and Human Rights Education for Croatian Primary Schools Project. 1 CONTENTS WELCOME ADDRESS Dino Milinović, Secretary-General, Croatian Commission for UNESCO ………………… 5 I. INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS UNESCO Culture of Peace Programme ……………………………………………………. 7 Alexander Sannikov, Europe Desk, UNESCO Human Rights Education and Training: Towards the Development of a Universal Culture of Human Rights ……………………………………………………………………………… 26 Baysa Wak-Woya, UNHCHR in the Republic of Croatia In–Service Teacher Training in Human Rights Education and Education for Democratic Citizenship in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Rationale for Proposed Project Developments in 1999 …………………………………………………………………………………………. 30 David Crosier, Council of Europe, Directorate of Education Programmes and Activities of the Directorate of Human Rights in the Field of Human Rights Awareness and Education ….……………………………………………………………. 36 Maggie Nicholson, Council of Europe, Directorate of Human Rights On the OSCE Mission to the Republic of Croatia ……………………………………….. 43 Michael Verling, OSCE Mission to Croatia Education for Democratic Citizenship Project of the Council of Europe: Progress Report 1999 ………...................................................................................................…………. 45 Monika Goodenough-Hofmann, Ministry of Educational and Cultural Affairs of the Republic of Austria II. NATIONAL EXPERIENCES The Challenge of Civic Education ………………………………………………………… 58 Chuck Quigley, Center for Civic Education, United States Human Rights Education in Transitional Democracies ………………………………….. 64 Felisa Tibbitts, Human Rights Education Associates, United States Exploring Civic Education - Some Danish Views and Experiences ……………………… 70 Svend Poulsen-Hansen, Danish National Commission for UNESCO, Denmark Learning by Doing: Some Examples of Practices in Political Education in the Netherlands Ivo Hartman, Institute for Public and Politics, Netherlands ………………………………….. 75 International Organisation for the Development of Freedom of Education ……………… 81 2 Niels Bohr, OIDEL, Switzerland On the Experiences of an NGO Working in the Field of Human Rights in Estonia ……… 91 Sulev Valdma, Jaan Tõnisson Institute - Civic Education Centre, Estonia Active Participation in Citizenship Education: Civic, Social and Political Education in the Republic of Ireland …………………………………………………………………………. 93 Connor Harrison, Civic, Social and Political Education Support Service, Republic of Ireland Adam Institute for Democracy and Peace: Educational Aims, Contents and Methods …. 101 Michal Levin, Adam Institute for Democracy and Peace, Israel Peace Education in a Divided Society …………………………………………………… 107 Mary O'Connor, Irish Commission for Justice and Peace, Ireland The Conceptual Background of the Citizenship Education in Ukraine …………………. 114 Irina Taranenko, Ukrainian Innovational Center for Humanitarian Education, Ukraine Citizenship Education: A Problem-Based Approach ……………………………………. 117 Ellie Keen, The Citizenship Foundation, United Kingdom Extra-Curricular Activities as an Instrument of Promoting Peace, Tolerance and Human Rights ……………………………………………………………………………………… 126 Irina Akhmetova, Russian Association for Civic Education, Russian Federation Civic Education as a Challenge for Democracy: Lithuanian Experience ………………. 131 Arunas Poviliunas, Faculty of Philosophy, Vilnius University, Lithuania Human Rights Science for a Democratic Consciousness …………………………………. 137 Angelamaria Loretto, Ius Primi Viri, Italy KulturKontakt Activities in Educational Cooperation with CEE-Countries ……………. 141 Therese Kaufmann, KulturKontakt, Austria III. CROATIAN PROGRAMMES AND INITIATIVES National Programme of Education for Human Rights ………………………………….. 146 Darko Göttlicher, Government of the Republic of Croatia, National Committee for Human Rights Education Strategies of the Ministry of Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia in the Field of Education for Human Rights and Civic Education ……………………………………… 149 Nevenka Lončarić-Jelačić, Ministry of Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia Educational Programmes of the Open Society Institute - Croatia, 1992 – 1998 ………… 156 Vesna Mihoković Puhovski, Open Society Institute - Croatia AI’s Human Rights Strategy and AI Croatia’s Work on Human Rights Education and Human Rights Awareness Building: Between Intentions and Obstacles ………………………….. 164 3 Milena Beader, Amnesty International Croatia Education for Human Rights: The CHC Experience …………………………………….. 168 Milena Gogić, Croatian Helsinki Committee for Human Rights Interactive Learning Workshops on Peaceful Problem Solving and Peer Mediation in Primary Schools of Western and Eastern Slavonia: First Steps and Their Outcomes ……………. 172 Maja Uzelac, A Small Step - Center for Culture of Peace and Non-violence From Consciousness to Advocacy - Alternative Approach to Education for Human Rights: Experience and Activities of the Center for Direct Protection of Human Rights ………… 180 Veronika Rešković, Center for Direct Protection of Human Rights Role of NGOs in Promoting Peace, Human Rights and Democracy …………………….. 189 Biserka Milošević, Center for Peace, Non-violence and Human Rights Studying for Peace as a Way of Peacebuilding …………………………………………… 192 Vanja Nikolić, Centre for Peace Studies The Italian Schooling System and the Education for Democratic Coexistence …………… 197 Elvi Piršl, University of Rijeka, Faculty of Education of Pula Activities of an ASP Secondary School (1997-98 Report) ……………………………….. 205 Dubravka Kozina and Jadranka Lunjević, Fourth Gymnasium (ASP School) in Zagreb IV. PEACE AND HUMAN RIGHTS FOR CROATIAN PRIMARY SCHOOLS PROJECT ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 211 V. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ............. 213 VI. PROGRAMME OF THE SYMPOSIUM …………………………………………….. 214 VII. LIST OF PARTICIPANTS ………………………………………………………… 220 4 Dino Milinović, Secretary-General of the Croatian Commission for UNESCO WELCOME ADDRESS We find ourselves in the middle of the Decade for Human Rights Education proclaimed by the United Nations in 1995 in order to steer our attention towards the necessity to start implementing human rights at the school and even pre-school level, in the classroom, among teachers and students but also at home and in the community. In this respect, UNESCO is one of the leading agencies in the implementation of the Decade and the Croatian Commission for UNESCO is especially proud to be able to join the efforts of the international community in developing teaching and learning approaches in human rights education (HRE). This conference has been conceived so as to bring together selected participants, all experts in human rights education, as well as representatives of major UN Agencies present in Croatia, the Council of Europe and international NGO's, in order to discuss and exchange their experience in this field. It is also meant to be an introduction into the work carried out by a team of Croatian experts who worked on a model for the HRE in Croatian primary schools (grade 1-4) for the last two years under the leadership of Ms. Vedrana Spajić-Vrkaš. Methods and the philosophy of approach developed since the project started in 1997 show how important it is to view this issue within a broader context and to consider particular conditions affecting the implementation of the human rights principles in particular countries or regions when discussing global imperatives such as peace and tolerance, individual freedoms and responsibilities. This is the case of Croatia and in particular those parts of the country which have suffered in the war raging between 1991 and 1995. With the peaceful integration of Eastern Slavonia since 1998, Croatia has finally come out of a turbulent period which has shaken this part of Europe and is now bracing for post-war reconstruction and economic recovery. The issue of human rights underlies these efforts. Thanks to UNESCO (and I would here in particular like to stress the role of Mr. Alexander Sannikov from the Education Division and his major contribution to the implementation of the project), it has been possible to bring together a group of experts and provide them with sufficient support. This enabled them not only to come up with a model of HRE for primary schools in Croatia, but with principles and guidelines which can easily be implemented in other countries and communities as well. Indeed, we should like to see the results of the project tested and compared to the experience of others. Thus, the aim of this conference is to share the relevant experience of Israel, Ireland, Great Britain, Poland, Russia, Estonia, Denmark, Italy or the United States in order to learn about new possibilities of international co-operation in this field. On the national level, materials elaborated by the project team have recently been included in the programme for HRE in Croatia, co-ordinated by the National Committee for HRE and this should serve as a guarantee that it will be implemented in schools as well. On behalf of the Croatian Commission for UNESCO
Recommended publications
  • Croatia Is a Stable Democracy

    Croatia Is a Stable Democracy

    Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe Mission to Croatia F i e l d C e n t r e V u k o v a r Public Affairs Unit Glas Slavonije / Friday, 28 May 2004 / page 7 Interview with Alessandro Fracassetti, OSCE Mission to Croatia Spokesperson Croatia is a stable democracy The visit by Alessandro Fracassetti, Head of the Public Affairs Unit of the OSCE Mission to Croatia, to Osijek and Glas Slavonije newsroom yesterday was used as an opportunity to discuss Croatia’s democratic progress, the return of Serb refugees, respect of minority rights and Croatia’s prospects in joining the European Union. Q: OSCE Chairman-in-Office, Salomon Passy, recently expressed his satisfaction with the work of the OSCE Mission to Croatia. How much has Croatia progressed since the last parliamentary elections, in terms of democratisation and EU integration? Which areas showed the greatest progress? A: I believe that the greatest achievement since the last parliamentary elections was the creation of a positive atmosphere for the return of refugees and dialogue with national minorities. I believe that in so doing, several taboos were overcome. Also, we believe that the government has shown its determination to deal with issues that are also related to our mandate in Croatia. Q: In every step, the Croatian Government has declaratively refused all displays of extremism. Has this policy impacted on the areas monitored by the OSCE, in particular regarding the respect of minority rights? A: One of the most positive outcomes of this policy is the fact that issues concerning national minorities have been brought into the political mainstream, something which was unthinkable only a short while ago.
  • Cultures of Peace: the Hidden Elise Boulding Is a Noted American Sociologist and Pioneer in Side of History and the Peace Studies Movement

    Cultures of Peace: the Hidden Elise Boulding Is a Noted American Sociologist and Pioneer in Side of History and the Peace Studies Movement

    Building a Culture of Peace For the Children of the World This exhibit brings together the ideas of hundreds of people and organizations dedicated to finding a path to lasting peace. We hope that you will leave with renewed confidence that a culture of peace is possible— and a necessity for life on earth. Everything that is needed to build a culture of peace already exists in each of our hearts. As stated in the United Nations definition, a Culture of Peace is a set of values, attitudes, modes of behavior and ways of life that reject violence and prevent conflicts by tackling their root causes and solving problems through dialogue and negotiation among individuals, groups and nations. Barriers to Peace Environmental Isolationism “It is not the violence of a few Irresponsibility People can become frightened by the rising tide of internationalism. Some retreat to that scares me, Pollution and the destruction of the familiar places and customs and avoid natural environment require solutions encounters with “foreigners.” that go beyond national boundaries. it is the silence of the many.” Ignorance of other cultures and countries creates Global warming could cause 40 to 50 a narrow, distorted view of life and the world. percent of the world’s population to be Education is key to fostering global-minded —Martin Luther King, Jr. affected by insect-transmitted diseases individuals. such as malaria and dengue fever. Poverty Need is the root cause of many of the conflicts in the world. Where children are hungry, there can be no peace. 78% of Sub-Saharan Africans and 84% of South Asians live on less than $2 a day.
  • ITF Enhancing Human Security Annual Report 2014

    ITF Enhancing Human Security Annual Report 2014

    James Madison University JMU Scholarly Commons Center for International Stabilization and Global CWD Repository Recovery 2014 ITF Enhancing Human Security Annual Report 2014 ITF Enhancing Human Security ITF Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/cisr-globalcwd Part of the Defense and Security Studies Commons, Peace and Conflict Studies Commons, Public Policy Commons, and the Social Policy Commons Recommended Citation Human Security, ITF Enhancing, "ITF Enhancing Human Security Annual Report 2014" (2014). Global CWD Repository. 1475. https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/cisr-globalcwd/1475 This Other is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for International Stabilization and Recovery at JMU Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Global CWD Repository by an authorized administrator of JMU Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. // ANNUALREPORT 2014 CONTENTS // INTRODUCTION 5 VISION 8 MISSION 8 PRINCIPLES 9 GOALS 11 // ITF MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATION 12 ORGANIZATION OF ITF 13 ITF MANAGING BOARD 14 ITF BOARD OF ADVISORS 16 RELATIONSHIPS WITH STAKEHOLDERS 17 A // BENEFICIARY COUNTRIES 17 B // DONOR COMMUNITY 18 C // PARTNERS AND IMPLEMENTING AGENCIES 18 D // HUMAN SECURITY ENVIRONMENT 19 E // ITF EMPLOYEES 19 // MANAGEMENT OF ITF FUNDS 20 FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT AND INTERNAL CONTROL 21 EXTERNAL AUDIT 21 DONATIONS IN 2014 21 A // DONOR REPORT 2014 22 ALLOCATION OF DONATIONS IN 2014 26 1.A // StrAtegic GOAL 1 by countries in 2014 27 1.B // StrAtegic GOAL 1 by purpose
  • Glas Slavonije, 20 May 2006

    Glas Slavonije, 20 May 2006

    Glas Slavonije, May 20, 2006 Journalist: Dragana Korpos Interview with Jorge Fuentes Monzonis-Vilallonga, head of the OSCE Mission to Croatia, on the Mission’s current activities and recent events in Croatia ANYTHING RESEMBLING APARTHEID SHOULD BE AVOIDED We are trying to encourage the Government to facilitate refugee return and the Government is doing everything in its power to do so. However, one should not underestimate the impact the social atmosphere has on this process. It would be ideal if there were no [ethnically-motivated] incidents The Head of the OSCE Mission to Croatia, Jorge Fuentes Monzonis-Vilallonga, visited Vukovar on Wednesday where he met with city authorities and representatives of the Serb minority community, as well as open the OSCE’s new field office in Vukovar. The visit was an excellent opportunity to talk to this experienced Spanish diplomat about the Mission’s current activities as well as recent events in Croatia. Since taking over as Head of the OSCE Mission to Croatia a year ago, what major changes have you noticed in Croatia, and to what extent has our country progressed towards EU membership? I came here a year ago, which to a certain extent is the final stage of the Mission’s presence in Croatia. Upon my arrival, I noted that there was room for additional improvement in relations between the Mission and the Croatian government. Likewise, my first impression of the Mission was the great amount of work accomplished, both at the Mission’s HQ in Zagreb and at the various field offices. After a while, I noted that the Mission’s many tasks needed to be directed towards a specific goal for easier orientation.
  • Barbara Peranic

    Barbara Peranic

    Reuters Fellowship Paper, Oxford University ACCOUNTABILITY AND THE CROATIAN MEDIA IN THE PROCESS OF RECONCILIATION Two Case Studies By Barbara Peranic Michaelmas 2006/Hilary 2007 CONTENTS Acknowledgements………………………………………………………………………….. 3 Section 1………………………………………………………………………………………4 Introduction……….…………………………………………………............................4 The Legacy of the Past.………………………………………………………………...5 Section 2………………………………………………………………………..........................7 Regulations & Mechanisms to Prevent Hate Speech ………………………………… 7 Croatian Journalists’ Association……………………………………………………....9 Vecernji list’s Ombudsman and Code of Practice…………………………………...10 Letters to the Editor/Comments………………………………………………………12 Media Watchdogs …………………………………………………….........................12 Section 3………………………………………………………………………........................13 Selected Events and Press Coverage………………………………….........................13 Biljani Donji …………………………………………………….................................13 Donji Lapac …………………………………………………………………………..21 Section 4………………………………………………………………………………………29 The Question of Ethics………………………………………………..........................29 Section 5…………………………………………………………………………....................32 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………….32 2 Acknowledgements I want to express my gratitude to the Reuters Institute for giving me the opportunity to conduct this research. My warm thanks to all of the Reuters Institute team who gave so freely of their time and especially to Paddy Coulter for being an inspiring director and a wonderful host. I owe a huge dept of
  • The OSCE Mission to Croatia: the View from Zagreb

    The OSCE Mission to Croatia: the View from Zagreb

    In: IFSH (ed.), OSCE Yearbook 2002, Baden-Baden 2003, pp. 187-198. Michael Merlingen/Zenet Mujic The OSCE Mission to Croatia: The View from Zagreb In this essay, we look at the relationship between Croatia and the OSCE Mis- sion to Croatia from the Croatian point of view. The relationship between Zagreb and the Mission can be divided into three periods based on each side’s understanding of the role of the Mission. The first period, from 1996 to the end of 1999, was characterized by a frosty political climate. Although, the change of government in January 2000 abruptly improved this atmosphere, there was no essential convergence as the two sides had a different under- standing of their mutual relationship. The fair weather period did not last very long and relations worsened again. It has only been since the beginning of 2002 that the government and the Mission have been able to bring their expectations about the role of the Mission into line. Thus a new chapter was opened in their relationship. In this article, we will describe these three phases in detail from the Croatian point of view. Moreover, we pose the question whether the Mission should not have conducted more active public relations work to reach out to the population and the political authorities at the national and local level in order to win over their support for its activities as well as whether this would have facilitated the OSCE Mission’s efforts to contribute to the socio-political normalization of Croatia. The Mandate and the Mission’s Performance Record After the armed conflict between Croats and Serbs from 1991 to 1995, the OSCE sent a fact-finding mission to the country in October 1995.
  • Final Report

    Final Report

    2ND UCLG CULTURE SUMMIT COMMITMENTS AND ACTIONS FOR CULTURE IN SUSTAINABLE CITIES JEJU (REPUBLIC OF KOREA) 10-13 MAY 2017 FINAL REPORT 1 THE REPORT Coordinator of the Report Jordi Baltà Rapporteurs Jordi Baltà, Toni Blanco, Irene Fuertes, Tara Katti, Carole Morillon, Jordi Pascual, Dianne Seva, Sarah Vieux and Ege Yildirim Director of Communication of UCLG Committee on Culture Sarah Vieux Coordinator of UCLG Committee on Culture Jordi Pascual PHOTO CREDITS © United Cities and Local Governments (UCLG) © Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 2 INTRODUCTION The second Culture Summit of United Cities and Local Governments (UCLG) was held in Jeju (Jeju-do, Republic of Korea) on 10-13 May 2017, hosted by the Jeju Special Self-Governing Province. Entitled “Commitments and Actions for Culture in Sustainable Cities”, the event focused on knowledge-sharing, peer-learning and networking, illustrating the role of culture in local sustainable development with specific examples and enabling further cooperation at local, regional and global level. Gathering over 500 participants, this biennial Summit can be seen as the world’s largest gathering of cities for culture, involving local governments, international organisations, national governments, non-governmental organisations, artists, academics and other stakeholders that are committed to the effective implementation of policies and programmes on culture and sustainability. The second Culture Summit of UCLG responded to the growing importance given to the nexus of culture, cities and sustainable development by international organisations and frameworks. Recent milestones include the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (adopted in September 2015), the New Urban Agenda (adopted by the Habitat III Conference in Quito, October 2016) and the Statement of the 2nd World Assembly of Local and Regional Governments (also adopted in Quito, October 2016).
  • English Translation Integra

    English Translation Integra

    GUIDANCE FOR RETURNEES TO CROATIA 1 December 2004 1 GUIDANCE FOR RETURNEES TO CROATIA OSCE Mission to Croatia Author of publication OSCE Mission to Croatia Publisher OSCE Mission to Croatia Editor OSCE Mission to Croatia Cover design and graphic design Zoran itnik English translation Integra Copies 500 Print Columna, Split Tijardoviæeva 16 ISBN 953-99674-3-0 CIP - Katalogizacija u publikaciji Nacionalna i sveuèilina knjinica - Zagreb UDK 364.65-054.75(497.5)(036) 342.726-054.75(497.5)(036) ORGANISATION for Security and Cooperation in Europe. Mission to Croatia Guidance for returnees to Croatia /<author of publication OSCE Mission to Croatia>. - Zagreb : OSCE Mission to Croatia, 2004. Izv. stv. nasl.: Vodiè za povratnike u Republiku Hrvatsku. ISBN 953-99674-3-0 I. Povratnici -- Hrvatska -- Pravna regulativa -- Vodiè 2 441201173 TABLE OF CONTENT Introduction 5 State housing for former holders of occupancy/tenancy rights outside the area of special state concern 7 State housing for former holders of occupancy/tenancy right and others inside the Area of Special State Concern 12 Repossession of property 14 Housing care for owners of damaged private property 17 Looting 19 State Obligation to compensate use of private property 21 Reconstruction of damaged and destroyed properties 26 Compensation for damage caused by armed forces and police and for damage caused by terrorist acts 28 Convalidation/Pension issues 30 Status rights 32 Areas of Special State Concern 34 List of ODPR offices 37 List of OSCE offices 39 List of UNHCR offices 41 3 GUIDANCE FOR RETURNEES TO CROATIA 4 INTRODUCTION Dear readers, The OSCE Mission to Croatia has recognized the need for additional return related information to be provided through the distribution of guidance for return- ees, refugees, expelled and displaced persons.
  • Yearbook 2018

    Yearbook 2018

    Contents Enzo Moavero Milanesi Foreword by the Chairperson-in-Office 9 Ursel Schlichting Preface 13 I. States of Affairs – Affairs of State The OSCE and European Security Christian Nünlist Diversity as a Strength: Historical Narratives and Principles of the OSCE 25 P. Terrence Hopmann Trump, Putin, and the OSCE 39 Wolfgang Zellner Adapting to a Changed World: The CSCE/OSCE in 1990 and Today 53 Florian Raunig/Julie Peer Chairing the OSCE 67 The OSCE Participating States: Domestic Developments and Multilateral Commitment Focus on the Western Balkans/South-Eastern Europe Julia Wanninger/Knut Fleckenstein Albania Poised for a European Future 83 Axel Jaenicke Serbia at a Crossroads? 93 5 Biljana Vankovska A Diplomatic Fairytale or Geopolitics as Usual: A Critical Perspective on the Agreement between Athens and Skopje 113 Engjellushe Morina Kosovo’s Status Challenged Internally and Externally 135 Goran Bandov/Domagoj Hajduković A Contribution to the Research of a Neglected Past – the Peaceful Reintegration of the Croatian Danube Basin – the Role of UNTAES in Peace Restoration 147 Natasha Wunsch EU Reengagement in the Western Balkans: 2018 as a Missed Opportunity 165 II. Responsibilities, Instruments, Mechanisms, and Procedures Conflict Prevention and Dispute Settlement Lukasz Mackiewicz More than Counting Ceasefire Violations – the Human Dimension within the OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine 181 William H. Hill Moldova/Transdniestria: Steps Forward, Stumbles Back 193 Mir Mubashir/Engjellushe Morina/Luxshi Vimalarajah Broadening the
  • Southeastern Europe

    Southeastern Europe

    U.S. ONLINE TRAINING FOR OSCE, INCLUDING REACT Module 5. Southeastern Europe This module introduces you to southeastern Europe and the OSCE’s work in: • Croatia (The OSCE Office in Zagreb was closed in 2012) • Macedonia • Bosnia-Herzegovina • Serbia • Kosovo • Montenegro • Albania . 1 Table of Contents Overview. 3 Geography. 4 People. 6 Former Yugoslavia. 10 World War I. 11 World War II. 12 Federal People’s Republic of Yugoslavia. 14 Post-Tito. 15 Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. 17 Croatia. 18 Key information. 19 Historical background. 20 During Tito. 21 After Tito. 22 War of independence. 23 Domestic politics. 25 Macedonia. 35 Key information. 36 Historical background. 38 19th and early 20th centuries. 39 During Tito. 41 Independence. 43 Domestic politics. 44 Prospects and challenges. 67 Bosnia-Herzegovina (BiH). 72 Key information. 73 Historical background. 75 During the Tito era. 76 The Bosnian war: 1992-1995. 79 Disunity of international community. 81 The Dayton Peace Accords, 1995. 84 Politics since Dayton. 87 Challenges and pressures. 95 Serbia. 99 Key information. 100 Introduction. 101 Contemporary Serbia. 102 Miloševi?'s rise. 104 Domestic resistance and state oppression. 106 Consequences of Kosovo. 109 The short-lived Kosovo Verification Mission. 110 MODULE 5. Southeastern Europe 2 Regime repression intensifies. 112 Struggle for Serbia’s political direction. 115 Nikolic wins 2012 presidential election. 122 Serbia's identity and its vision for the future. 124 Montenegro. 131 Key information. 132 Contemporary Montenegro. 133 Politics in Montenegro. 134 Other issues. 140 Kosovo. 142 Key information. 143 Historical background of Kosovo. 144 Organized non-violence. 145 After Dayton. 147 UNMIK established.
  • Toward Building a Culture of Peace: 8 Action Areas

    Toward Building a Culture of Peace: 8 Action Areas

    Toward Building A Culture of Peace: 8 Action Areas As defined by the United Nations, the Culture of Peace is a set of values, attitudes, modes of behavior and ways of life that reject violence and prevent conflicts by tackling their root causes to solve problems through dialogue and negotiation among individuals, groups and nations (UN Resolutions A/RES/52/13 : Culture of Peace and A/RES/53/243, “Declaration and Programme of Action on a Culture of Peace”). For peace and non- violence to prevail, we need to: Foster a culture of peace through education by revising the educational curricula to promote qualitative values, attitudes and behaviours of a culture of peace, including peaceful conflict-resolution, dialogue, consensus-building and active non-violence. Such an educational approach should be geared also to Promote sustainable economic and social development by reducing economic and social inequalities, by eradicating poverty and by assuring sustainable food security , social justice, durable solutions to debt problems, empowerment of women, special measures for groups with special needs, environmental sustainability… Promote respect for all human rights human rights and a culture of peace are complementary: whenever war and violence dominate, there is no possibility to ensure human rights; at the same time, without human rights, in all their dimensions, there can be no culture of peace... Ensure equality between women and men through full participation of women in economic, social and political decision-making, elimination of all
  • The OSCE Mission to Croatia – Springboard to Europe1

    The OSCE Mission to Croatia – Springboard to Europe1

    In: IFSH (ed.), OSCE Yearbook 2004, Baden-Baden 2005, pp. 93-106. Solveig Richter The OSCE Mission to Croatia – Springboard to Europe1 Goodbye OSCE? Croatia has arrived: It is a “functioning democracy, with stable institutions”, as the European Commission recently declared.2 Surely it is high time that the OSCE Mission – that awkward, nagging presence – depart from the country. Is it time for the OSCE to say goodbye? This argument has found support not only inside Croatia but also in- creasingly among certain OSCE participating States. However, it does not stand up to considered analysis of the Mission’s role in the country. Without a doubt, the Mission’s legitimacy is increasingly being called into question: Not only is the OSCE shifting its regional focus to the Caucasus and Central Asia, but, at the same time, the EU is increasing its influence through the Stabilization and Association process and the “European Partnership for Croatia”. Nevertheless, the prospect of EU membership has itself had a highly favourable effect on the OSCE’s work in Croatia; according to Head of Mission Peter Semneby, 2003 was the Mission’s busiest year. This contri- bution therefore considers the role of the OSCE Mission in Croatia’s Euro- pean ambitions and asks where the OSCE’s international responsibilities will lie in the future. If the Mission to Croatia succeeds in establishing a solid set of competencies in this area, it will provide an example for the future devel- opment of the OSCE, in South-eastern Europe in particular, with regard to two questions:3 - What are the OSCE’s strengths in the region with regard to the process of convergence with the EU? What synergy effects can be developed (the concept of interlocking institutions)? - In the long term, how can a mission prepare for its exit from the host country and the EU’s entry? 1 This contribution reflects the personal opinions of the author.