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Mount Independence State Historic Site

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Mount Independence Buoy 39 Lake Champlain Museum General Information Kiosk 9 FOUNDATION: This rectangular foundation may State Historic Site 5 have● been for a blockhouse overlooking East Creek. It is Trailhead Kiosk about 200 feet east of the star fort stockade wall. Below Trails and Self-Guided Tour 4 Picnic Area is a large outcropping of black chert stone, used by 2 Southern 3 Wheelchair Accessible Native Americans to make tools and weapons, and by Defenses 1 Six miles of walking and hiking trails guide you past the Trail Walking Trail (Moderate) Revolutionary soldiers for gun flints. Baldwin Trail 6 Catfish Bay archaeological remains of the general hospital, batteries, Hiking Trail (Difficult) M/V Carillon (DIFFICULT, 2.2 MILES) blockhouses, barracks, and soldiers’ huts, and offer scenic 15 Blue Trail Scenic View Blue Trail Dock 7 views of Lake Champlain. Locations are marked on the OFF BALDWIN TRAIL OR NEAR NORTH END OF ORANGE TRAIL 12 10 trail map. The Baldwin, Orange, and Blue Trails start at Private Road 11 7 6 This trail roughly follows a Revolutionary War-era the trailhead kiosk near the museum. 4 8 2 5 2 supply road between the Hospital (#6, Baldwin Trail) and → → 14 7 the bridge (#6, Orange Trail). Before you go 13 Orange Trail to Orwell 3 1 Tickets are required for the trails and grounds. Purchase and VT Route 22A 6 1 FORGE AREA: Large amounts of charred debris and your trail ticket and obtain a trail map in the museum. 3 slag● suggest this was the location of a forge for working 4 We also offer bottled water in the museum shop. 1 iron for small arms and tool repairs. 9 5 Trails are varying distances and difficulties. Please 2 SUPPLY ROAD: On this rocky incline is some original watch for the color-coded markers to stay on the trails. stonework● for the American supply road leading into the Wheelchairs and strollers are permitted, but bicycles, 9 defense. 8 East Creek horses, snowmobiles and ATVs are not allowed. Dogs are 3 QUARRY: The quarry site may date from the welcome, as long as they are leashed. 1750s● when the French occupied and controlled the Champlain Valley. The British ousted the French in Please help keep Mount Independence one of America’s Orange Trail (MODERATE, 2.5 MILES) denotes the site of the Revolutionary War flagpole. Turn 1759 during the French and Indian War. Perhaps stone least-disturbed Revolutionary War sites. Digging, collecting OFF BALDWIN TRAIL, NEAR MARKER 8 back a short distance to go down the trail to sites 5, 6, and 7 quarried here was hauled over ice across the lake to materials, and use of metal detectors are not permitted. or take the eastern leg of the trail back to the Baldwin Trail. 1 STAR FORT BARRACKS: This clearing marks build the French Fort Carillon. Baldwin Trail (MODERATE, 1.6 MILES) the● barracks square within the star fort, the central 5 SHORE BATTERY: Remains of an earthen parapet 4 FOUNDATION: Over time the bank has eroded, stronghold on Mount Independence at its highest point. to● the left and right are from an extensive battery with The Baldwin Trail, which has two spur trails, goes around causing● part of this rectangular foundation to slide Logs placed years ago outline the star stockade. The well twenty cannons that guarded the north shore. This was the southern half of Mount Independence, with views of toward the shoreline. in the northwest corner may date from the war. the first line of defense at Mount Independence. Lake Champlain, Fort Ticonderoga, and Mount Defiance. It 5 SPRING: The papers documenting Gen. Arthur St. meets the Standards for Outdoor Handicapped-Accessible 2 CRANE: This foundation, roughly 30 feet square, was 6 BRIDGE SITE: The slope of the old road can be seen Clair’s● 1778 court martial refer to a water source “on the Trails, with compacted surfaces and gentle grades, and is the● base for a gigantic crane that lifted cannons, heavy heading● down to the take-off point of the over 350-foot- west side of Mount Independence, on the low ground, suitable for outdoor wheelchairs and strollers. equipment, and supplies from the lower lakeshore and long bridge that connected Mount Independence and Fort near the lake; it was very steep and about one half a mile meadow 200 feet below. Vessels anchored in Catfish (or Ticonderoga. The 12-foot-wide deck was anchored to 22 The trail meanders through the locations of two brigade distant from the fort.” This would have been the major South) Bay. Loads were carried to a ramp, from which sunken caissons built on and through the ice starting in encampments and past the foundations of the General water source for the fort. The large flat stone slabs may be they were hoisted to the top. Turn back and follow the March 1777. The trail continues up the old road at the left. Hospital (6), two soldier huts (4, 15), two blockhouses steps leading down to the spring. orange markers. (9, 11), a storehouse (10), the southern battery defenses 7 MASTING POINT: Some have thought this rock 6 GARDENS: This large open meadow is where the (13), and a probable powder magazine (14). Interpretive 3 ARTIFICERS SHOPS: This area was the location outcropping● was used in 1776 for stepping (raising) American● brigades maintained vegetable gardens. The signage offers more detail about each of the sites. of● shops for blacksmiths, armorers, rope makers, the masts for the boats of Benedict Arnold’s fleet. In the long, narrow east-west depressions across the meadow wheelwrights, turners, shingle makers, and other 1750s, the French made wood-gathering and perhaps from the cliff base to the lake are remains of drainage Southern Defenses Trail artificers. stone-quarrying forays for Fort Carillion, later named (MODERATE, 0.2 MILES) ditches for the gardens. 4 HORSESHOE BATTERY (CITADEL): The horseshoe- Fort Ticonderoga by the British. 7 CRANE RAMP: About 75 feet away from here, at the This loop trail begins near the parking lot and has shaped● earthen walls or parapet protected a platform 8 OBSERVATION SHELTER: This well-preserved “L”- base● of the cliff, are remains of the ramp from which compacted surfaces, stairs, and stone steps. It goes past with five cannons commanding the lake to the north shaped● foundation may be the remains of a lookout hut supplies brought in by boat were hoisted by crane to the the remains of a blockhouse, and provides a look at rugged and narrows between Fort Ticonderoga and Mount or shelter. A tree and brush abbatis or defense rimmed top (see #2, Orange Trail). rock formations and southern Lake Champlain. A short Independence. It covered the shore cannon battery below. the height of land overlooking East Creek and north to spur trail leads to the dock for the M/V Carillon tour boat. The 1963 Society of the Colonial Dames stone memorial Lake Champlain. Mount Independence Hours State Historic Site Open late May through Columbus Day, daily, 9:30 AM to 5:00 PM, (802) 948-2000. Off-season call (802) 759-2412. Mount One of the nation’s most significant How to get there Independence Revolutionary War sites The site is located six miles west of the intersections of VT Routes 22A and 73 near Orwell village. At the On July 7, 1776, at an American Council of War at Crown In early July, British Lt. Gen. John Burgoyne’s forces intersection, take Route 73 west for a very short distance, Point, New York, generals discussed the threat of British threatened the area. During the early hours of July 5-6, then go straight onto Mount Independence Road. Follow STATE HISTORIC SITE invasion from Canada. They planned to concentrate the Americans withdrew from Mount Independence this road, which eventually turns to dirt, for six miles. Orwell, Vermont American forces on “the strong ground on the east side and Fort Ticonderoga, with the British close behind. At The museum will be on your right. The parking lot of the Lake, opposite to Ticonderoga.” This rugged Hubbardton on July 7, an American rear guard checked entrance is on the left, across from the museum. promontory in present-day Vermont jutted north into the British and their German allies in a hard-fought battle. Lake Champlain, opposite of the old French fort at The American main force was saved, and moved on to Ticonderoga, and would provide defense against the defeat Burgoyne later that year at the critical Battles of enemy coming down from British-controlled Canada. Bennington and Saratoga. The Americans immediately began construction of a new Site preservation and restoration defense at that location that would protect New England After the Revolutionary War, the site fell into disrepair. and points south. After a reading of the newly adopted The Vermont legislature approved the sale of cast-iron Declaration of Independence to the troops on July 28, the war-related artifacts for reuse, and by the early 1900s, the defense was christened Mount Independence. Explore the site from Lake Champlain land making up the former defense had been transformed through farming and overgrowth. A privately operated cruise boat, the M/V Carillon, offers narrated 1-½ hour tours focusing on the geographic In 1911, Stephen Pell of Fort Ticonderoga purchased the and military significance of Mount Independence and northern 113 acres of Mount Independence to preserve southern Lake Champlain. The boat operates from the views from across the lake as well as this historically Larrabee’s Point in Shoreham, Vermont, and may dock at significant site.
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