Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases

Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases Globodera pallida (Stone) Behrens Nematoda: Tylenchida: Heteroderidae Compiled by CABI in association with EPPO www.cababstractsplus.org/dmpd Hosts: Solanaceae, especially potato (Solanum tuberosum), tomato (S. lycopersicum) and aubergine (S. melongena). Map No. 777 Edition 2 Issued April 2011

( ( ( (

( C ( ( ( (((( ( ( ( ( (( ( C ( (( C C C ( ( ( ( C ( ( ( C (

CC ( ( ( (

(

( ( (

( Map No. 777

( Present: national recordC Present: subnational record CABI/EPPO (2011) Globodera pallida. Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases No. 777. CABI Head Office, Wallingford, UK.

ISSN 0012-396X© CAB International 2011 CABI is a trading name of CAB International April 2011 Globodera pallida Map No. 777 (Edition 2)

Note: Syn. Heterodera pallida Stone. See CIH Descriptions of Plant-parasitic Nematodes No. 17.

Records are based on bibliographic data from the CAB ABSTRACTS database and plant quarantine information compiled by EPPO X: Present, no details A: Present: widespread B: Present, restricted distribution C: Present, few occurrences (D): Absent, formerly present (E): Eradicated (F): Intercepted only

EUROPE Mainland Greece X Anagnou-Veroniki, M.; Papaioannou-Souliotis, P.; Karanastasi, E.; Giannopolitis, C. N. (2008) Hellenic Plant Protection Journal 1 (2), 55-78. [Messinia.] Austria - B Peneva, V.; Bongers, A. M. T. (2010) Fauna Europaea: Globodera pallida (Stone 1973). Fauna Europaea version 2.2. http://www.faunaeur.org. Hungary - C Elekes-Kaminszky, M.; Fekete-Palkovics, A.; Avar, K.; Baranyai-Toth, R.; Bartfai, J.; Budai, C.; Cziklin, M.; Farkas, I.; Gal, T.; Gyorffy-Molnar, J.; Gyulai, P. et al. (2004) Novenyvedelem 40 (9), EPPO (2007) PQR database (version 4.6). 463-469. Belgium - B Peneva, V.; Bongers, A. M. T. (2010) Fauna Europaea: Globodera pallida (Stone 1973). Fauna Elekes-Kaminszky, M.; Fekete-Palkovics, A.; Toth, A.; Avar, K.; Balogh, L.; Baranyai-Toth, R.; Europaea version 2.2. http://www.faunaeur.org. Bartfai, J.; Budai, C.; Cziklin, M.; Toth, A. C.; Domak, B. et al. (2008) Novenyvedelem 44 (12) 615- Stievenart, J.; Gadenne, M. (1984) Agro 3 (2), 5-8. 622. Bulgaria - B Laginova, M.; Hristova, T. (2009) Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin 39 (1), 77. Palkovics, A. (2003) Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin 33 (2), 375-377. [Pest County.] Samaliev, H. (1998) Rasteniev'dni Nauki 35 (3), 239-242. Palkovics, A. (2003) Novenyvedelem 39 (11), 531-537. [Pest County.] Samaliev, K. (1998) Rasteniev'dni Nauki 35 (1), 66-69. Iceland - B Bendezu, I. F.; Russell, M. D.; Evans, K. (1998) Nematologica 44 (6), 667-681. Trifonova, Z. (2003) Rasteniev'dni Nauki 40 (2), 170-172. [Samokov, Smolyan and Velingrad.] Riel, H. R. van; Mulder, A. (1998) In: Potato Cyst Nematodes, Biology, Distribution and Control (Ed. Croatia - C EPPO (2004) EPPO Reporting Service No. 2004/088. European and Mediterranean Plant Protection by Marks, R.J.; Brodie, B.B.), 271-298. CAB International, Wallingford, UK. Organization (EPPO), Paris, France. [Counties of Medimurska, Varazdinska, and Primorsko- Siggeirsson, E. I.; Riel, H. R. van (1975) Rannsoknastofnunin Nedri As, Hveragerdi, Island Skyrsla Goranska.] 20, 32 pp. [One location only.] Grubisic, D.; Ostrec, L.; Culjak, T. G.; Blumel, S. (2007) Journal of Pest Science 80 (1), 21-27. Ireland - B Riel, H. R. van; Mulder, A. (1998) In: Potato Cyst Nematodes, Biology, Distribution and Control (Ed. Poje, I. (2007) Glasilo Biljne Zastite 7 (1), 14-21. [Regions of Zagreb, Varazdin, Primorsko-Goranska by Marks, R.J.; Brodie, B.B.), 271-298. CAB International, Wallingford, UK. and Medimurje.] Italy - C Greco, N.; Vito, M. di; Carputo, D. (2002) Rivista di Agronomia 36 (Supplement 1), 61-65. Cyprus - B Peneva, V.; Bongers, A. M. T. (2010) Fauna Europaea: Globodera pallida (Stone 1973). Fauna Riel, H. R. van; Mulder, A. (1998) In: Potato Cyst Nematodes, Biology, Distribution and Control (Ed. Europaea version 2.2. http://www.faunaeur.org. by Marks, R.J.; Brodie, B.B.), 271-298. CAB International, Wallingford, UK. Philis, J. (1981) Nematologia Mediterranea 9 (1), 57-61. Mainland Italy C EPPO (2003) EPPO Reporting Service No. 2003/165. European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Czech Republic - C Peneva, V.; Bongers, A. M. T. (2010) Fauna Europaea: Globodera pallida (Stone 1973). Fauna Organization (EPPO), Paris, France. [Valle d'Aosta.] Europaea version 2.2. http://www.faunaeur.org. Greco, N.; Brandonisio, A.; Cosmis, P. de (2007) Nematologia Mediterranea 35 (2), 137-142. Sedlak, P.; Melounova, M.; Skupinova, S.; Vejl, P.; Domkarova, J. (2004) Plant, Soil and Subbioni, F. (2006) Colture Protette 35 (3), 45-48. [Fucino, Abruzzi.] Environment 50 (2), 70-74. Vovlas, N. (1996) European Journal of Plant Pathology 102 (8), 743-746. [South.] Zouhar, M.; Rysanek, P.; Gaar, V. (2003) Plant Disease 87 (1), 98. Luxembourg - X EPPO (2007) PQR database (version 4.6). EPPO (2001) EPPO Reporting Service No. 2001/140. European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Malta - B EPPO (2000) EPPO Reporting Service No. 2000/170. European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO), Paris, France. [First record. Under eradication.] Organization (EPPO), Paris, France. [One field only.] Denmark - (E) Hansen, L. M. (1988) Växtskyddsrapporter, Jordbruk 53, 29-31. [One garden only.] Peneva, V.; Bongers, A. M. T. (2010) Fauna Europaea: Globodera pallida (Stone 1973). Fauna EPPO (2007) PQR database (version 4.6). [The outbreak reported in 1988 has been eradicated.] Europaea version 2.2. http://www.faunaeur.org. Faroe Islands - X Jakobsen, J. (1973) Statens plantepatologiske Forsoeg, Manedsoversigt over plantesygdomme 473, Zasada, I. A.; Gatt, M. (2000) Nematologia Mediterranea 28 (1), 101-102. [First record.] 54-56. Netherlands - B Folkertsma, R. T.; Koert, P. van; Voort, J. N. A. M. R. van der; Groot, K. E. de; Kammenga, J. E.; Jakobsen, J. (1973) Ugeskrift for Agronomer og Hortonomer 2 (34), 602-604. Helder, J.; Bakker, J. (2001) Phytopathology 91 (8), 753-758. France - B Riel, H. R. van; Mulder, A. (1998) In: Potato Cyst Nematodes, Biology, Distribution and Control (Ed. Manduric, S.; Andersson, S. (2003) Nematology 5 (6), 851-858. by Marks, R.J.; Brodie, B.B.), 271-298. CAB International, Wallingford, UK. Skantar, A. M.; Handoo, Z. A.; Carta, L. K.; Chitwood, D. J. (2007) Journal of Nematology 39 (2), Mainland France B Mugniery, D.; Balandras, C. (1984) Agronomie 4 (8), 773-778. [Brittany.] 133-144. Germany - B Arndt, M. (2006) Gesunde Pflanzen 58 (1), 9-11. [Bayern.] Timmermans, B. G. H. (2005) Solanum sisymbriifolium (Lam.): a Trap Crop for Potato Cyst Manduric, S.; Andersson, S. (2003) Nematology 5 (6), 851-858. Nematodes. Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands, 133 pp. Pyrowolakis, A.; Schuster, R. P.; Sikora, R. A. (2000) Mededelingen - Faculteit Landbouwkundige Norway - B Anon. (1976) Known distribution of potato cyst nematodes (Heterodera rostochiensis Woll. and H. en Toegepaste Biologische Wetenschappen, Universiteit Gent 65 (2b), 491-500. pallida Stone) in Norway from a twenty years' survey. Norwegian Plant Protection Institute, As, Norway, 24 pp. Riel, H. R. van; Mulder, A. (1998) In: Potato Cyst Nematodes, Biology, Distribution and Control (Ed. by Marks, R.J.; Brodie, B.B.), 271-298. CAB International, Wallingford, UK. Manduric, S.; Andersson, S. (2003) Nematology 5 (6), 851-858. Greece - B Anagnou-Veroniki, M.; Papaioannou-Souliotis, P.; Karanastasi, E.; Giannopolitis, C. N. (2008) Poland - C Brzeski, M. (1998) Ochrona Roslin 42 (10), 12. Hellenic Plant Protection Journal 1 (2), 55-78. Kornobis, S.; Stefan, K. (1991) Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin 21, 33-34. Vlachopoulos, E. G. (1994) Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin 24 (2), 413-415. Marks, R. J.; Rojancovski, E. (1998) In: Potato Cyst Nematodes, Biology, Distribution and Control Crete X Anagnou-Veroniki, M.; Papaioannou-Souliotis, P.; Karanastasi, E.; Giannopolitis, C. N. (2008) (Ed. by Marks, R.J.; Brodie, B.B.), 299-315. CAB International, Wallingford, UK. [The mention of Hellenic Plant Protection Journal 1 (2), 55-78. eradication before 1995 is unconfirmed.] Vovlas, N.; Grammatikaki, G. (1989) FAO Plant Protection Bulletin 37 (2), 92-95. [First record.]

Page 2 April 2011 Globodera pallida Map No. 777 (Edition 2)

Radziwinowicz, J. (1977) Host plants of Polish cyst-forming nematodes. Polska Akademia Nauk, Switzerland - B Blok, V. C.; Malloch, G.; Harrower, B.; Phillips, M. S.; Vrain, T. C. (1998) Journal of Nematology 30 Warsaw, Poland, 14 pp. (2), 262-274. Portugal - C Conceicao, I. L. P. M. da; Santos, M. C. V. dos; Abrantes, I. M. de O.; Santos, M. S. N. de A. (2003) Blok, V. C.; Phillips, M. S.; Harrower, B. E. (1997) Genome 40 (3), 286-293. Nematology 5 (1), 137-143. Riel, H. R. van; Mulder, A. (1998) In: Potato Cyst Nematodes, Biology, Distribution and Control (Ed. Cunha, M. J. M. da; Conceicao, I. L. P. M. da; Abrantes, I. M. de O.; Evans, K.; Santos, M. S. N. de by Marks, R.J.; Brodie, B.B.), 271-298. CAB International, Wallingford, UK. A. (2004) Nematology 6 (1), 55-58. Wittenberg, R.; Kenis, M.; Blick, T.; Hanggi, A.; Gassmann, A.; Weber, E. (2002) Invasive Alien Cunha, M. J. M. da; Conceicao, I. L. P. M. da; Abrantes, I. M. de O.; Santos, M. S. N. de A. (2006) Species in Switzerland. The environment in practice 0629. Federal Office for the Environment, Bern, Nematology 8 (1), 139-146. Switzerland, 155 pp. Susana, M.: Santos, N. A. de; Evans, K.; Abreu, C. A.; Martins, F. F.; Abrantes, I. M. de O. (1995) UK - B Bendezu, I. F.; Evans, K.; Burrows, P. R.; Pomerai, D. de; Canto Saenz, M. (1998) Nematologica 44 Nematologia Mediterranea 23 (1), 35-42. (1), 49-61. Madeira X Vieira, P.; Mota, M.; Padre, L.; Adao, H. (2008) In: A list of the Terrestrial Fungi, Flora and Fauna of Blok, V. C.; Malloch, G.; Harrower, B.; Phillips, M. S.; Vrain, T. C. (1998) Journal of Nematology 30 Madeira and Selvagens Archipelagos (Ed. by Borges, P.A.V.; Abreu, C. et al.), 221-224. Direccao (2), 262-274. Regional do Ambiente da Madeira, Funchal, Portugal. Evans, K.; Kerry, B. (2007) Outlooks on Pest Management 18 (6), 265-269. Mainland Portugal C Anon. (1988) FAO Plant Protection Bulletin 36 (2), 46. [First record. Tras-os-Montes.] Manduric, S.; Andersson, S. (2003) Nematology 5 (6), 851-858. Peneva, V.; Bongers, A. M. T. (2010) Fauna Europaea: Globodera pallida (Stone 1973). Fauna Channel Islands X EPPO (2007) PQR database (version 4.6). Europaea version 2.2. http://www.faunaeur.org. England and B Elliott, M. J.; Trudgill, D. L.; McNicol, J. W.; Phillips, M. S. (2004) In: Decision Support Systems in Santos, M. S. N. de A.; Fernandes, M. F. M. (1988) Nematologia Mediterranea 16 (1), 145. [Tras-os- Wales Potato Production: bringing Models to Practice, 143-152. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Montes.] Wageningen, Netherlands. Romania - X Marks, R. J.; Rojancovski, E. (1998) In: Potato Cyst Nematodes, Biology, Distribution and Control Kerry, B.; Barker, A.; Evans, K. (2009) Investigation of Potato Cyst Nematode Control. Nematode (Ed. by Marks, R.J.; Brodie, B.B.), 299-315. CAB International, Wallingford, UK. Interactions Unit, Plant-Pathogens Interactions Division, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Peneva, V.; Bongers, A. M. T. (2010) Fauna Europaea: Globodera pallida (Stone 1973). Fauna Hertfordshire, UK, 92 pp. Europaea version 2.2. http://www.faunaeur.org. Skantar, A. M.; Handoo, Z. A.; Carta, L. K.; Chitwood, D. J. (2007) Journal of Nematology 39 (2), Serbia - X Bacic, J.; Stare, B. G.; Sirca, S.; Urek, G. (2008) Russian Journal of Nematology 16 (1), 63-65. 133-144. [Epworth, Lincolnshire.] Krnjaic, D.; Oro, V.; Gladovic, S.; Trkulja, N.; Scekic, D.; Kecovic, V. (2002) Plant Protection 53 (4), Tobin, J. D.; Haydock, P. P. J.; Hare, M. C.; Woods, S. R.; Crump, D. H. (2008) Biological Control 147-156. [Sanac, Kladnica, Ogradjenik and Milatovici.] 46 (2), 194-201. [Shropshire.] Oro, V. (2008) Biljni Lekar (Plant Doctor) 36 (5), 320-325. [Kladnica.] Northern Ireland B Turner, S. J. (1996) Annals of applied Biology 129 (2), 315-322. Slovakia - (D) EPPO (2001) EPPO Reporting Service No. 2001/192. European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Zaheer, K.; Fleming, C. C.; Turner, S. J. (1993) Plant Pathology 42 (4), 609-616. Organization (EPPO), Paris, France. [Absent, confirmed by surveys 1993-2001.] Scotland B Conceicao, I. L. P. M. da; Santos, M. C. V. dos; Abrantes, I. M. de O.; Santos, M. S. N. de A. (2003) Spain - B Bello, A.; Robertson, L.; Diez-Rojo, M. A.; Arias, M. (2005) Nematologia Mediterranea 33 (2), 209- Nematology 5 (1), 137-143. [Luffness.] 216. Elliott, M. J.; Trudgill, D. L.; McNicol, J. W.; Phillips, M. S. (2004) In: Decision Support Systems in Martinez-Beringola, M. L.; Franco, L.; Paz, L. M.; Gutierrez, M. P. (1988) Boletin de Sanidad Potato Production: bringing Models to Practice, 143-152. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Vegetal, Plagas, Spain 14 (3), 405-414. Wageningen, Netherlands. Balearic Islands B Andrés, M. F.; Alonso, R.; Alemany, A. (2006) Plant Disease 90 (9), 1262. [Sa Pobla Region, Evans, K. A.; Harling, R.; Dubickas, A. (1998) Aspects of Applied Biology 52, 345-350. Mallorca.] Evans, K. A.; Harling, R.; Dubickas, A. (1998) Proceedings of the Brighton Crop Protection EPPO (2010) EPPO Reporting Service No. 2010/084. European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Conference: Pests & Diseases Vol. 3, Brighton, UK, 16-19 November 1998, 793-798. British Crop Organization (EPPO), Paris, France. Protection Council, Farnham, UK. Canary Islands X Gonzalez, J. A.; Phillips, M. S.; Trudgill, D. L. (1996) Nematologica 42 (2), 198-210. [Tenerife.] Ukraine - C Pylypenko, L. A.; Phillips, M. S.; Blok, V. C. (2008) Nematology 10 (4), 585-590. [Uzhhorod Region.] Gonzalez, J. A.; Phillips, M. S.; Trudgill, D. L. (1997) Nematologica 43 (2), 157-172. [Tenerife.] Pylypenko, L. A.; Uehara, T.; Phillips, M. S.; Sigareva, D. D.; Blok, V. C. (2005) European Journal of Mainland Spain B Garcia-Alvarez, A.; Gutierrez, C.; Escuer, M.; Bello, A. (2005) Russian Journal of Nematology 13 Plant Pathology 111 (1), 39-46. [Uzhhorod Region.] (1), 1-12. [La Rioja.] Lopez Robles, J.; Aymerich, V. B. de (2005) Advances in Geoecology 36, 421-426. [Aguilar de ASIA Campoo, Palencia.] India - B Krishna Prasad, K. S. (1992) In: Nematode pests of crops (Ed. by Bhatti, D.S.; Walia, R.K.), 99-108. Peneva, V.; Bongers, A. M. T. (2010) Fauna Europaea: Globodera pallida (Stone 1973). Fauna CBS Publishers & Distributors, Delhi, India. Europaea version 2.2. http://www.faunaeur.org. Kerala X Ramana, K. V.; Mohandas, C. (1989) Indian Journal of Nematology 18 (1), 141. [First record.] Talavera, M.; Andreu, M.; Valor, H.; Tobar, A. (1998) Investigacion Agraria, Produccion y Proteccion Vegetales 13 (1/2), 87-95. [Motril and Salobrena.] Tamil Nadu B Prasad, K. S. K. (2003) Journal of the Indian Potato Association 30 (1/2), 157-158. [Nilgiri Hills.] Sweden - C Andersson, S.; Olsson, E. (1996) 37th Swedish Crop Protection Conference, Uppsala, 26-27 Seenivasan, N.; Devrajan, K.; Selvaraj, N. (2007) Indian Journal of Nematology 37 (1), 27-29. January 1995. Agriculture - pests, diseases and weeds, 193-194. Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet, Sivakumar, M.; Poornima, K.; Mani, M. P.; Umamaheswari, R. (2002) Indian Journal of Nematology Uppsala, Sweden. 32 (2), 139-142. [Nilgiri.] Manduric, S.; Andersson, S. (2003) Nematology 5 (6), 851-858. Umarao; Prasad, K. S. K.; Ganguly, A. K.; Kaushal, K. K. (2002) Indian Journal of Nematology 32 Manduric, S.; Olsson, E.; Englund, J. E.; Andersson, S. (2004) Nematology 6 (2), 171-181. (2), 165-168. [Nilgiri Hills.]

Page 3 April 2011 Globodera pallida Map No. 777 (Edition 2)

Iran - X Anon. (2009) Florida Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey Program, Quarterly Report 2-2009. Franco, J.; Oros, R.; Main, G.; Ortuno, N. (1998) In: Potato Cyst Nematodes, Biology, Distribution Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry, Gainesville, and Control (Ed. by Marks, R.J.; Brodie, B.B.), 239-269. CAB International, Wallingford, UK. FL, USA, 27 pp. Chile - C EPPO (2000) EPPO Reporting Service No. 2000/006. European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Pakistan - B Khan, B. A.; Munir, A.; Haq, I. U.; Aslam, M. (1988) Proceedings of the US-Pakistan International Organization (EPPO), Paris, France. [Petorca Province, Region V.] Workshop on Plant Nematology, Karachi, Pakistan, 6-8 April 1986, 177-180. National Nematological Franco, J.; Oros, R.; Main, G.; Ortuno, N. (1998) In: Potato Cyst Nematodes, Biology, Distribution Research Centre, Karachi, Pakistan. [Utrore Valley.] and Control (Ed. by Marks, R.J.; Brodie, B.B.), 239-269. CAB International, Wallingford, UK. Munir, A.; Phillips, M. S.; Trudgill, D. (2004) Pakistan Journal of Nematology 22 (1), 25-34. Moreno, I.; Vovlas, N.; Lamberti, F. (1984) Nematologia Mediterranea 12 (2), 247-252. [First record.] Shahina, F.; Erum, Y. I. (2007) Pakistan Journal of Nematology 25 (1), 29-35. [Kalam.] Colombia - B Buritica C., P. (1993) ASCOLFI Informa 19 (3), 18-22. Turkey - C Enneli, S.; Ozturk, G. (1995) Zirai Mucadele Arastirma Yilligi 30, 35-36. [Central Anatolia.] Canto Saenz, M.; Mayer de Scurrah, M. (1978) Nematologica 23 (3), 340-349. EPPO (2000) EPPO Reporting Service No. 2000/133. European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Evans, K.; Franco, J.; Mayer de Scurrah, M. (1975) Nematologica 21, 365-369. [Nariño.] Organization (EPPO), Paris, France. [Dörtivan County, Bolu Province, under eradication] Franco, J.; Oros, R.; Main, G.; Ortuno, N. (1998) In: Potato Cyst Nematodes, Biology, Distribution and Control (Ed. by Marks, R.J.; Brodie, B.B.), 239-269. CAB International, Wallingford, UK. AFRICA Ecuador - B Bridge, J. (1976) Nematropica 6 (1), 18-23. Algeria - B EPPO (2007) PQR database (version 4.6). Canto Saenz, M.; Mayer de Scurrah, M. (1976) Nematropica 6 (1), 1-9. Tunisia - B Hlaoua, W.; Horrigue-Raouani, N.; Fouville, D.; Mugniery, D. (2008) Biotechnology 7 (4), 651-659. Evans, K.; Franco, J.; Mayer de Scurrah, M. (1975) Nematologica 21, 365-369. [Mejia, Santa Catalina.] Franco, J.; Oros, R.; Main, G.; Ortuno, N. (1998) In: Potato Cyst Nematodes, Biology, Distribution NORTH AMERICA and Control (Ed. by Marks, R.J.; Brodie, B.B.), 239-269. CAB International, Wallingford, UK. Canada - C Belair, G. (2005) Phytoprotection 86 (1), 65-69. Falkland Islands - X Zaheer, K.; Fleming, C.; Turner, S. J.; Kerr, J. A.; McAdam, J. (1992) Nematologica 38 (2), 175-189. Newfoundland B Ebsary, B. A. (1986) Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology 8 (1), 170-184. [Botwood area.] Peru - A Grenier, E.; Fournet, S.; Petit, E.; Anthoine, G. (2010) Nematology 12 (2), 163-169. EPPO (2007) EPPO Reporting Service No. 2007/156. European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Picard, D.; Plantard, O. (2006) International Journal for Parasitology 36 (1), 115-122. Organization (EPPO), Paris, France. [Under official control.] Picard, D.; Sempere, T.; Plantard, O. (2007) Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 42 (2), 308-316. Stone, A. R.; Thompson, P. R.: Hopper, B. E. (1977) Plant Disease reporter 61 (7), 590-591. [First record in North America.] Plantard, O.; Picard, D.; Valette, S.; Mayer de Scurrah, M.; Grenier, E.; Mugniery, D. (2008) Molecular Ecology 17 (9), 2208-2218. USA - C Venezuela - X Crozzoli, R. (2002) Interciencia 27 (7), 354-364. [Tachira.] Idaho C Boydston, R. A.; Mojtahedi, H.; Bates, C.; Zemetra, R.; Brown, C. R. (2010) Plant Disease 94 (7), 918. Franco, J.; Oros, R.; Main, G.; Ortuno, N. (1998) In: Potato Cyst Nematodes, Biology, Distribution and Control (Ed. by Marks, R.J.; Brodie, B.B.), 239-269. CAB International, Wallingford, UK. Hafez, S. L.; Sundararaj, P.; Handoo, Z. A.; Skantar, A. M.; Carta, L. K.; Chitwood, D. J. (2007) Plant Disease 91 (3), 325. [East.] O'Dell, M.; Hoffman, W. (2006) APHIS News Release: Potato cyst nematode detected in Idaho, 2 OCEANIA pp. New Zealand - A Knight, K. W. L.; Barber, C. J.; Page, G. D. (1997) Journal of Nematology 29 (4 Suppl.), 640-656. Skantar, A. M.; Handoo, Z. A.; Carta, L. K.; Chitwood, D. J. (2007) Journal of Nematology 39 (2), Marshall, J. W. (1993) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science 21 (3), 219-223. 133-144. [East.] Mercer, C. F. (1994) New Zealand Journal of Zoology 21 (1), 57-65.

Stone, A. R. (1973) Nematologica 18, 591-606. [North Island.] CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN Panama - B Brodie, B. B. (1998) In: Potato Cyst Nematodes, Biology, Distribution and Control (Ed. by Marks, The records for South Africa and Himachal Pradesh (India) in CABI/EPPO (1998) and EPPO/CABI (1997) are based on incorrect information R.J.; Brodie, B.B.), 317-331. CAB International, Wallingford, UK. and are excluded. Lay, E. C.; Rodriguez C., R.; Rodriguez A., R.; Atencio, F. (1980) Ciencia Agropecuaria 3, 11-21. CABI/EPPO (1998) Distribution maps of quarantine pests for Europe, Map 161 (Ed. by Smith, I.M.; Charles, L.M.F.). CAB International, [Chiriqui Province.] Wallingford, UK, 768 pp. EPPO/CABI (1997) Quarantine pests for Europe (second edition) (Ed. by Smith, I.M.; McNamara, D.G.; Scott, P.R.; Holderness, M.). CAB SOUTH AMERICA International, Wallingford, UK, 1425 pp. Argentina - C Lax, P.; Manduric, S.; Doucet, M. E.; Gallardo, C.; L'Argentier, S. M. de (2005) Libro de resúmes del th XIII Congreso Latinoamericano de Fitopatología III Taller Argentino de Fitopatología, Carlos Paz, The centre of origin of this species is in the Andes mountains from where it was introduced to Europe with potatoes in the mid 19 century. Córdoba, Argentina, 19-22 April 2005, 500. [First record.] From there it was spread with seed potatoes to other areas. Lax, P.; Manduric, S.; Doucet, M. E.; Gallardo, C.; L'Argentier, S. M. de; Vilte, H. (2006) Nematologia Brasileria Brasilia 30, 195-201. For further information, see Marks, R. J.; Brodie, B. B. (eds) (1998) Potato cyst nematodes: biology, distribution and control, 408 pp. CAB Bolivia - B Canto Saenz, M.; Mayer de Scurrah, M. (1978) Nematologica 23 (3), 340-349. International, Wallingford, UK. Evans, K.; Franco, J.; Mayer de Scurrah, M. (1975) Nematologica 21, 365-369. [Puerto Acosta.] Franco, J.; Main, G.; Oros, R. (1999) Nematropica 29 (1), 51-60.

Page 4