Lab # 1 Introduction to Assembly Language
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Microsoft Macro Assembler Version 5.1.PDF
Microsoft. Macro Assembler Version 5.1 • For the MS® OS/2 or MS-DOS® Operating System Microsoft Macro Asset bier version 5.1 puts all the speed and power of assembly-lar uage programming within easy reach. Make your programs run faster by linking assembly-language subroutines to your Microsoft QuickBASIC, BASIC compiler, C, FORTRAN, and Pascal programs. Technical Highlights If you're accustomed to programming beyond the level of documentation the correct model for your subroutine, in a high-level language like Microsoft supplied with previous versions of just use the MODEL directive and choose QuickBASIC, BASIC compiler, QuickC, Microsoft Macro Assembler. This totally the model you need. To start your data C, FORTRAN, or Pascal, Microsoft revised guide provides a complete and segment, just add a DATA directive; Macro Assembler version 5.1 is the bridge well-organized explanation of Microsoft to create a stack, add a STACK directive; you've been looking for to the assembly- Macro Assembler and the instruction and to begin writing instructions, use language environment. You can, for sets it supports. the CODE directive. example, use the powerful graphics func- What's more, the Mixed-Language High-level language interface tions of Microsoft QuickBASIC or the Programming Guide included with Micro- macros help you declare your subroutines, efficient math functions of Microsoft soft Macro Assembler version 5.1 con- set up stack parameters, and create local FORTRAN and then add time-critical tains complete, easy-to-follow instructions variables. In addition, version 5.1 offers routines in Microsoft Macro Assembler. on how to call assembly-language sub- MS-DOS interface macros that make it Easier to learn and use. -
2. Assembly Language Assembly Language Is a Programming Language That Is Very Similar to Machine Language, but Uses Symbols Instead of Binary Numbers
2. Assembly Language Assembly Language is a programming language that is very similar to machine language, but uses symbols instead of binary numbers. It is converted by the assembler into executable machine- language programs. Assembly language is machine-dependent; an assembly program can only be executed on a particular machine. 2.1 Introduction to Assembly Language Tools Practical assembly language programs can, in general, be written using one of the two following methods: 1- The full-segment definition form 2- The simplified segment definition form In both methods, the source program includes two types of instructions: real instructions, and pseudo instructions. Real instructions such as MOV and ADD are the actual instructions that are translated by the assembler into machine code for execution by the CPU. Pseudo instructions, on the other hand, don’t generate machine code and are only used to give directions to the assembler about how it should translate the assembly language instructions into machine code. The assembler program converts the written assembly language file (called source file) into machine code file (called object file). Another program, known as the linker, converts the object file into an executable file for practical run. It also generates a special file called the map file which is used to get the offset addresses of the segments in the main assembly program as shown in figure 1. Other tools needed in assembling coding include a debugger, and an editor as shown in figure 2 Figure 2. Program Development Procedure There are several commercial assemblers available like the Microsoft Macro Assembler (MASM), and the Borland Turbo Assembler (TASM). -
MASM61PROGUIDE.Pdf
Introduction (C) 1992-1996 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Programmer's Guide Microsoft® MASM Assembly-Language Development System Version 6.1 For MS-DOS® and Windows™ Operating Systems Microsoft Corporation Information in this document is subject to change without notice. Companies, names, and data used in examples herein are fictitious unless otherwise noted. No part of this document maybe reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, for any purpose, without the express written permission of Microsoft Corporation. ©1992 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, MS, MS-DOS, XENIX, CodeView, and QuickC are registered trademarks and Microsoft QuickBasic, QuickPascal, Windows and Windows NT are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the USA and other countries. U.S. Patent No. 4,955,066 Hercules is a registered trademark of Hercules Computer Technology. IBM, PS/2, and OS/2 are registered trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation. Intel is a registered trademark of Intel Corporation. NEC and V25 are registered trademarks and V35 is a trademark of NEC Corporation. Document No. DB35747-1292 Printed in the United States of America. Macro Assembler 6.1 (16-bit) - MSDN Archive Edition Page 1 MASM Features New Since Version 5.1 (C) 1992-1996 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Introduction The Microsoft® Macro Assembler Programmer’s Guide provides the information you need to write and debug assembly-language programs with the Microsoft Macro Assembler (MASM), version 6.1. This book documents enhanced features of the language and the programming environment for MASM 6.1. This Programmer’s Guide is written for experienced programmers who know assembly language and are familiar with an assembler. -
NASM – the Netwide Assembler
NASM – The Netwide Assembler version 2.14rc7 © 1996−2017 The NASM Development Team — All Rights Reserved This document is redistributable under the license given in the file "LICENSE" distributed in the NASM archive. Contents Chapter 1: Introduction . 17 1.1 What Is NASM?. 17 1.1.1 License Conditions . 17 Chapter 2: Running NASM . 19 2.1 NASM Command−Line Syntax . 19 2.1.1 The −o Option: Specifying the Output File Name . 19 2.1.2 The −f Option: Specifying the Output File Format . 20 2.1.3 The −l Option: Generating a Listing File . 20 2.1.4 The −M Option: Generate Makefile Dependencies. 20 2.1.5 The −MG Option: Generate Makefile Dependencies . 20 2.1.6 The −MF Option: Set Makefile Dependency File. 20 2.1.7 The −MD Option: Assemble and Generate Dependencies . 20 2.1.8 The −MT Option: Dependency Target Name . 21 2.1.9 The −MQ Option: Dependency Target Name (Quoted) . 21 2.1.10 The −MP Option: Emit phony targets . 21 2.1.11 The −MW Option: Watcom Make quoting style . 21 2.1.12 The −F Option: Selecting a Debug Information Format . 21 2.1.13 The −g Option: Enabling Debug Information. 21 2.1.14 The −X Option: Selecting an Error Reporting Format . 21 2.1.15 The −Z Option: Send Errors to a File. 22 2.1.16 The −s Option: Send Errors to stdout ..........................22 2.1.17 The −i Option: Include File Search Directories . 22 2.1.18 The −p Option: Pre−Include a File . 22 2.1.19 The −d Option: Pre−Define a Macro . -
NASM — the Netwide Assembler Version 2.09.04
NASM — The Netwide Assembler version 2.09.04 -~~..~:#;L .-:#;L,.- .~:#:;.T -~~.~:;. .~:;. E8+U *T +U' *T# .97 *L E8+' *;T' *;, D97 `*L .97 '*L "T;E+:, D9 *L *L H7 I# T7 I# "*:. H7 I# I# U: :8 *#+ , :8 T, 79 U: :8 :8 ,#B. .IE, "T;E* .IE, J *+;#:T*" ,#B. .IE, .IE, © 1996−2010 The NASM Development Team — All Rights Reserved This document is redistributable under the license given in the file "LICENSE" distributed in the NASM archive. Contents Chapter 1: Introduction . .15 1.1 What Is NASM? . .15 1.1.1 Why Yet Another Assembler?. .15 1.1.2 License Conditions . .15 1.2 Contact Information . .16 1.3 Installation. .16 1.3.1 Installing NASM under MS−DOS or Windows . .16 1.3.2 Installing NASM under Unix . .17 Chapter 2: Running NASM . .18 2.1 NASM Command−Line Syntax . .18 2.1.1 The −o Option: Specifying the Output File Name . .18 2.1.2 The −f Option: Specifying the Output File Format . .19 2.1.3 The −l Option: Generating a Listing File . .19 2.1.4 The −M Option: Generate Makefile Dependencies . .19 2.1.5 The −MG Option: Generate Makefile Dependencies . .19 2.1.6 The −MF Option: Set Makefile Dependency File . .19 2.1.7 The −MD Option: Assemble and Generate Dependencies. .19 2.1.8 The −MT Option: Dependency Target Name. .20 2.1.9 The −MQ Option: Dependency Target Name (Quoted) . .20 2.1.10 The −MP Option: Emit phony targets. .20 2.1.11 The −F Option: Selecting a Debug Information Format . -
C++ Builder 2010 Professional Getting Started
C++ Builder 2010 Professional Getting started. Kjell Gunnar Bleivik: http://www.kjellbleivik.com/ October 18. 2010. Fixed broken link. Status: Most probably finished. Look at the date in case more should be added. Follow me on Twitter and join my C++ Builder group on Facebook: Twitter: http://twitter.com/kbleivik FaceBook: http://www.facebook.com/people/Kjell-Gunnar-Bleivik/1244860831 Mini network: http://www.digitalpunkt.no/ 1. Installing C++Builder 2010, the help system etc. I ordered my upgrade of Borland C++ Builder Prosessional 2010 on September 21 2009 so I could choose an additional free product. I choose Delphi PHP 2.0, since I am fairly used to PHP. In order to install C++ Builder 2010, I had to upgrade my 2009 version. I have made an 2009 and 2010 upgrade shortcut on my desktop. You should find your upgrade program: | your start menu or in | the all program category | CodeGear RAD studio 2009 | Check for updates | Program | When finished upgrading the 2009 Builder, I could run the C++ Builder 2010 Setup program. In addition, I installed the additional first three programs that I also find in the Install Folder. Look at the screendumps below, so you get it correct. • Help_Setup Program • dbpack_setup Program • boost_setup Program • Additional_Products HTML document. • ERStudio_Interbase HTML document 2. Getting started with C++ Builder 2010 Professional. If you learn to use the welcome page efficiently, that may be all you need. On the “documentation” menu, you should start with, yes “Getting started” and then “RAD Studio Help” and so on. As an example click: | Documentation | … and try to locate this http://docs.embarcadero.com/products/rad_studio/ page with Wiki pages, PDF documents, zipped code examples for download, PDF documents since C++Builder 6 (scroll down to the bottom) and CHM http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Compiled_HTML_Help files. -
Programming in Assembler – Laboratory
Programming in Assembler – Laboratory Exercise No.1 Installing MASM 6.14 with Programmers Workbench environment During the Exercise No.1 students are to install and configure Microsoft assembler MASM 6.14 with full environment for program writing and debugging. Environment consists of: - The Microsoft Macro Assembler (MASM) - Editor - Debbuger CodeView - A project management („make”) utility - A source-level browser - A complete online reference system All parts of this environment should be installed. They all are intergated with one shell tool - The Programmer’s WorkBench (PWB). To install the MASM 6.14 environment the following are needed: - Instalation version of the MASM 6.11 - Patch to update the MASM 6.11 to 6.14 - Documentation of the environment All needed materials can be accessed from location D:\lab_assembler\ Step by step guide for installation: - Read the documents in Getting Started folder – they describe installation process - Read the packing.txt file – it describes files to be installed - Install the MASM 6.11 running setup.exe from DISK1 folder with default parameters - Refer to documentation for help about installing parameters - Unpack the MASM 6.14 update running the ml614.exe - Refer to documentation in readme.txt file for updating process - Update MASM 6.11 to 6.14 running the patch.exe To run the PWB environment first set the environment variables using the new-vars.bat located in the BINR directory. Now it is possible to correctly run the pwb.exe. After installation test the functions of the tools writing simple assembler program. TITLE HELLO .MODEL small, c, os_dos ; Could be any model except flat .DOSSEG ; Force DOS segment order .STACK .DATA ; Data segment msg BYTE "Hello, world.", 13, 10, "$" .CODE ; Code segment .STARTUP ; Initialize data segment and ; set SS = DS mov ah, 09h ; Request DOS Function 9 mov dx, OFFSET msg ; Load DX with offset of string ; (segment already in DS) int 21h ; Display String to Standard Out .EXIT 0 ; Exit with return code 0 END . -
Linux Assembly HOWTO Linux Assembly HOWTO
Linux Assembly HOWTO Linux Assembly HOWTO Table of Contents Linux Assembly HOWTO..................................................................................................................................1 Konstantin Boldyshev and François−René Rideau................................................................................1 1.INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................1 2.DO YOU NEED ASSEMBLY?...........................................................................................................1 3.ASSEMBLERS.....................................................................................................................................1 4.METAPROGRAMMING/MACROPROCESSING............................................................................2 5.CALLING CONVENTIONS................................................................................................................2 6.QUICK START....................................................................................................................................2 7.RESOURCES.......................................................................................................................................2 1. INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................................2 1.1 Legal Blurb........................................................................................................................................2 -
Optimizing Subroutines in Assembly Language an Optimization Guide for X86 Platforms
2. Optimizing subroutines in assembly language An optimization guide for x86 platforms By Agner Fog. Copenhagen University College of Engineering. Copyright © 1996 - 2012. Last updated 2012-02-29. Contents 1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 4 1.1 Reasons for using assembly code .............................................................................. 5 1.2 Reasons for not using assembly code ........................................................................ 5 1.3 Microprocessors covered by this manual .................................................................... 6 1.4 Operating systems covered by this manual................................................................. 7 2 Before you start................................................................................................................. 7 2.1 Things to decide before you start programming .......................................................... 7 2.2 Make a test strategy.................................................................................................... 9 2.3 Common coding pitfalls............................................................................................. 10 3 The basics of assembly coding........................................................................................ 12 3.1 Assemblers available ................................................................................................ 12 3.2 Register set -
X86 Disassembly Exploring the Relationship Between C, X86 Assembly, and Machine Code
x86 Disassembly Exploring the relationship between C, x86 Assembly, and Machine Code PDF generated using the open source mwlib toolkit. See http://code.pediapress.com/ for more information. PDF generated at: Sat, 07 Sep 2013 05:04:59 UTC Contents Articles Wikibooks:Collections Preface 1 X86 Disassembly/Cover 3 X86 Disassembly/Introduction 3 Tools 5 X86 Disassembly/Assemblers and Compilers 5 X86 Disassembly/Disassemblers and Decompilers 10 X86 Disassembly/Disassembly Examples 18 X86 Disassembly/Analysis Tools 19 Platforms 28 X86 Disassembly/Microsoft Windows 28 X86 Disassembly/Windows Executable Files 33 X86 Disassembly/Linux 48 X86 Disassembly/Linux Executable Files 50 Code Patterns 51 X86 Disassembly/The Stack 51 X86 Disassembly/Functions and Stack Frames 53 X86 Disassembly/Functions and Stack Frame Examples 57 X86 Disassembly/Calling Conventions 58 X86 Disassembly/Calling Convention Examples 64 X86 Disassembly/Branches 74 X86 Disassembly/Branch Examples 83 X86 Disassembly/Loops 87 X86 Disassembly/Loop Examples 92 Data Patterns 95 X86 Disassembly/Variables 95 X86 Disassembly/Variable Examples 101 X86 Disassembly/Data Structures 103 X86 Disassembly/Objects and Classes 108 X86 Disassembly/Floating Point Numbers 112 X86 Disassembly/Floating Point Examples 119 Difficulties 121 X86 Disassembly/Code Optimization 121 X86 Disassembly/Optimization Examples 124 X86 Disassembly/Code Obfuscation 132 X86 Disassembly/Debugger Detectors 137 Resources and Licensing 139 X86 Disassembly/Resources 139 X86 Disassembly/Licensing 141 X86 Disassembly/Manual of Style 141 References Article Sources and Contributors 142 Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors 143 Article Licenses License 144 Wikibooks:Collections Preface 1 Wikibooks:Collections Preface This book was created by volunteers at Wikibooks (http:/ / en. -
Different Emulators to Write 8086 Assembly Language Programs
Different Emulators to write 8086 assembly language programs Subject: IWM Content • Emu8086 • TASM(Turbo Assembler) • MASM(Microsoft Macro Assembler) • NASM(Netwide Assembler) • FASM(Flat Assembler) Emu8086 • Emu8086 combines an advanced source editor, assembler, disassembler, software emulator with debugger, and step by step tutorials • It permit to assemble, emulate and debug 8086 programs. • This emulator was made for Windows, it works fine on GNU/Linux (with the help of Wine). • The source code is compiled by assembler and then executed on Emulator step-by-step, allowing to watch registers, flags and memory while program runs. how to run program on Emu8086 • Download Emu8086 through this link : https://download.cnet.com/Emu8086-Microprocessor- Emulator/3000-2069_4-10392690.html • Start Emu8086 by running Emu8086.exe • Select “Examples" from "File" menu. • Click “Emulate” button (or press F5). • Click “Single Step” button (or press F8) and watch how the code is being executed. Turbo Assembler(Tasm) • Turbo Assembler (TASM) is a computer assembler developed by Borland which runs on and produces code for 16- or 32-bit x86 DOS or Microsoft Windows. • The Turbo Assembler package is bundled with the Turbo Linker, and is interoperable with the Turbo Debugger. • Turbo Assembler (TASM) a small 16-bit computer program which enables us to write 16 bit i.e. x86 programming code on 32-bit machine. It can be used with any high level language compliers like GCC compiler set to build object files. So that programmers can use their daily routine machines to write 16-bit code and execute on x86 devices. how to run program using TASM • Download TASM through this link : https://techapple.net/2013/01/tasm-windows-7-windows-8-full- screen-64bit-version-single-installer/ • Start TASM by running tasm.exe • It will open DOSBOX. -
Windows Multi-DBMS Programming
• Windows Multi-DBMS Programming Using C++, Visual Basic®, ODBC, OLE2, and Tools for DBMS Projects Ken North John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York • Chichester • Brisbane • Toronto • Singapore : . ... • - . Contents Preface XXV Chapter 1 Overview and Introduction 1 The Changing Face of Development 2 Overview 2 Required Hardware and Software 3 Chapter 2 Windows Software Development: Concepts and Issues Terms and Concepts 5 Windows Features and Database Applications 7 Processes, Tasks, and Threads 7 Multitasking 8 Protected Addresses and Safe Multitasking 8 Threads: NetWare and Win32 9 Scheduling 9 Windows Programming 10 Static and Dynamic Linking 11 Dynamic Link Libraries 12 INI Files 12 Resources and Help Files 12 Dialog Boxes 13 Custom Controls 14 Notation 14 Windows Developer's Notebook 15 Baselines 15 Version Control 16 Common Development Steps 16 VH viii Contents Pseudocode 17 Debugging 17 Visual Programming 19 Formal Development Methods 19 Crafting Code for Windows 20 GUI Design Considerations and Database Applications 20 Chapter 3 Database Applications: Concepts and Issues 22 Building Database Applications 22 Database Architectures 23 DBMS Evolution 23 ISAM 24 Network and Hierarchical Databases 24 SQL and Relational Databases 25 Desktop, File Server, and Client-Server 29 Terms and Concepts 30 SQL Concepts 38 Database Design 39 Network Database Design 40 Relational Database Design 40 Query Optimization 45 Issues 48 Sample Database and Applications 49 Info Enterprises 49 Sample Applications 50 Road Map for Database Developers 55 Tools