DOCSLIB.ORG

May 25, 1965 M. A. COOK ETAL 3,185,017 METHOD of MAKING an EXPLOSIVE BOOSTER Original Filed July 13, 1959

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
May 25, 1965 M. A. COOK ETAL 3,185,017 METHOD of MAKING an EXPLOSIVE BOOSTER Original Filed July 13, 1959 May 25, 1965 M. A. COOK ETAL 3,185,017 METHOD OF MAKING AN EXPLOSIVE BOOSTER Original Filed July 13, 1959 FLS-1 INVENTORS AE1M at OOC AOWGLMS Al ACA 3,185,017 United States Patent Office Patented May 25, 1965 2 3,185,017 pressed pentolite (PETN-TNT), TNT, tetryl, tetrytol METHOD OF MAKING AN EXPLGSWE GOSTER (tetryl-TNT), cyclotol (RDX-TNT), composition B Melvin A. Cook and Dotigias E. Pack, 3: it lake City, (RDX-TNT-wax) and Ednatol (EDNA-TNT). The Utah, assig Rors to Intertanozzataia Researcia and Engi more inexpensive of these explosives are not detonatable eering Company, Inc., Saitake City, Utah, a cospera by Prinnacord, however. tion of Utah 5 Original application July 13, 1959, Ser. No. 826,539, how It has been found that PETN, PETN-TNT mixtures, Patent No. 3,637,453, dated June 5, 1932, Cisie at: RDX and cyclotol are detonated by Primacord, but their this application Oct. 24, 1960, Ser. No. 70,334 high cost and the relatively large quantities required make 2 Clairls. (C. 86-) it uneconomical to use them as boosters. O The improved boost cr of the invention generally com This invention relates to detonating means for ex prises a core of Primacord-sensitive explosive material plosives and more particularly to boosters for relatively sit trol inted by a compacted sheath of Primacord-insensi insensitive explosive compositions. This application is tive explosive imaterial of high brisance, said booster a division of our copending application Serial No. 826,539, having at cast one perforation extending through said filed July 13, 1959, now U.S. Patent No. 3,037,453. sheath and Said core adapted to receive a detonating fuse, Insensitive explosives, containing a high percentage of said core comprising a tube containing Primacord-sensitive ammonium nitrate and containing non-explosive organic explosive adjacent to and defining at least a portion of the sensitizers, have found wide application as biasting ex perimeter of said perforation. plosives. Prilled ammonium nitrate containing 94 per One embodiment of the invention is such a booster cent ammonium nitrate and 6 percent fuel oil and aqueous 20 wherein said Primacord-sensitive explosive is pentaeryth slurries of coarse TNT-ammonium nitrate are examples ritol tetranitrate contained within said tube and wherein of such insensitive explosives. Such compositions are not said Primacord-insensitive explosive is cast TNT. A detonatable by blasting caps and prior art methods for further embodiment is Stich a booster wherein said Prima detonating them include the use of dynamite or relatively cord-sensitive explosive is pentaerythritol tetra nitrate con large quantities of fine-grained TNT priners, for example, tained within said tube and said Prinacord-insensitive ex which are detonated by blasting caps or Primacord. These plosive is a cast mixture of 25 percent by weight of TNT methods suffer from the disadvantage of being expensive and 75 percent by weight of composition B. and further, dynamites, fine TNT and blasting caps are A preferred for in comprises such a bcoster wherein two very sensitive to heat and shock. perforations are provided and wherein the core comprises in modern large diameter blasting operations using high 30 a tube in a figure 8 configuration containing Primacord annonium nitrate explosives, Primacord fuse is the most sensitive explosive adjacent the perimeters of said perfora desirable detonator. The high ammonium Titrate ex tions. A1, alternative embodiment is such a booster where plosives are not dependably detonatable by Primacord, in the tube containing Prinnacord-sensitive explosive is however, and require a booster. Unfortunately, only a wound in helical fashion adjacent to and defining the few of the most sensitive explosives are consistently capa 3 5 perimeter of said perforation. ble of detonation by Primacord containing the minimum The method of the invention generally comprises sup content of PETN, e.g., about 50 grains of PETN per foot porting a rod, placing a tube containing Primacord-sensi of Primacord. Of those boosters that are operable, rea tive explosive contiguous to Said rod, compacting a sheath tively large quantities of expensive boostering composi of Primacord-insensitive explosive about said rod and tube, tions are required consistently to boostcr the ammonium : and removing said rod from said compacted sheath to nitrate explosive. provide a perforation through the sheath adapted to Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention receive a detonating fuse. A preferred method involves to provide a booster for insensitive explosives which is casting the sheath about the rod and tube. The tube of consistently detonatable by minimum PETN content Prinacoid-sensitive material may be helically wrapped Primacord. about the rod, or if two rods are provided, the tube may It is another object of the invention to provide such a be would in figure 8 fashion about said rods. booster which consistently detonates high ammonium FIGURE 1 is a view of the tube of Primacord-sensitive nitrate explosives in either the wet or dry state. explosive positioned on a pair of rods prior to compacting A further object of the invention is to provide such a the sheath of Primacord-insensitive explosive about it. booster which is inexpensive and utilizes a minimum of FiGURE 2 illustrates the casting of Primacord-insensi the expensive Primacord-sensitive materials. 50 tive explosive about the tube according to the invention. Among the other objects of the invention, one is to FiCURE 3 is a view of a finished booster made in ac provide a protected core booster in which Primacord is cordance with the invention. readily and simply threaded for use in blasting operations. FGURE 4 is a cross-sectional view of the booster of Another object of the invention is to provide a booster FGURE 3. which is much less sensitive to heat, shock, impact, friction The booster as shown in FIGURES 3 and 4 comprises and other influences causing accidental initiation than prior a compact sheath 10 of Primacord-insensitive explosive. art boosters. Within the sheath () is a tube 1 containing Primacord Another object is to provide improved methods for sensitive explosive E2 adjacent to the perforation 13. In making boosters. the embodiment shown, two holes 3 extend through the 60 booster for receiving Primacord detonating fuse and the Other objects and advantages will be apparent to those tube 1 is disposed in FIGURE 8 configuration with re skilled in the art. spect to the holes 11. We have now found that the most important factor in While the assembly may assume any desired shape, it a booster with respect to its boostering activity on in is preferred to use the cylindrical for in shown for eco sensitive explosives is its detonation pressure or brisance. nomy of material and ease of manufacture. It is pre The term "brisance' connotes shattering action which is ferred to employ two holes i3 to loop the Primacord fuse dependent on the detonation pressure. In the hydro through, although the boosters of the invention are de dynamic theory of detonation, the detonation pressure is pendably detonated by Primacord passing through only proportional to the density of the explosive and the square one hole. Accordingly, the booster may have only one of the detonation velocity. O hole with the tube disposed in helical fashion about the Examples of cxplosives of high brisance are cast or periphery of the hole. In a further modification, two 3,185, Ol? 6. t 4. holes may be used and the tribe helically disposed about with a 50 grain PETN/foot Prinnacord strand running each hole. through one hole only. Such boosters cut a clean hole As shown in FIGURES 1 and 2, a base 4 is provided through a one inch thick, 6 x 6 inch steel plate. with a pair of upstanding pins or rods 5. The tube a Similarly, we have found that one foot lengths of 200 is wound about the rods 5, the winding being in fig 5 grain PETNA foot and 400 grain PETN/foot Primacord ure 8 form, although helical winding of the tube abo, it wound in a figure 3 core yield 100% detonations when the rods may also be used. A form 16 of metal or card cast 100% TNT is used as the sheath. As a control, cast board is placed over the wound rods and molten Prima cylinders of 100% composition B without a core failed to cord-insensitive explosive 7 is pourcd into the form from yield 100% detonation with 50 grain PETN/foot Prima spout 16. After the assembly has hardened, it is rc cord threaded through both holes. moved from the base 4 to yield a booster as shown in While it is not intended to be bound by any theory, of FIGURE 3 having two perforations extending there operation, it is believed that the tube 1 of Primacord through. sensitive explosives, adjacent and peripheral to the perfo Forms 16 made of cardboard or paper are satisfactory rations, yield detonation waves that interact and rein and it has been found unnecessary to remove the form force each other to produce a high intensity shock ef from the booster in such cases. fect, thereby detonating the main booster charge 10 which An alternative method of compacting the explosive is otherwise not detonatable by Primacord. about the core comprises pressing particulate explosive in In use, a Primacord fuse, such as 50 grain PETN/foot, the form to yield a compact shaped booster. is threaded through one or more of the holes 13 and The tube 11 may be made of plastic such as polyethyl kncited to prevent the removal of the booster from the ene, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, polyethylene ter fuse.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Characterizing Explosive Effects on Underground Structures.” Electronic Scientific Notebook 1160E
    NUREG/CR-7201 Characterizing Explosive Effects on Underground Structures Office of Nuclear Security and Incident Response AVAILABILITY OF REFERENCE MATERIALS IN NRC PUBLICATIONS NRC Reference Material Non-NRC Reference Material As of November 1999, you may electronically access Documents available from public and special technical NUREG-series publications and other NRC records at libraries include all open literature items, such as books, NRC’s Library at www.nrc.gov/reading-rm.html. Publicly journal articles, transactions, Federal Register notices, released records include, to name a few, NUREG-series Federal and State legislation, and congressional reports. publications; Federal Register notices; applicant, Such documents as theses, dissertations, foreign reports licensee, and vendor documents and correspondence; and translations, and non-NRC conference proceedings NRC correspondence and internal memoranda; bulletins may be purchased from their sponsoring organization. and information notices; inspection and investigative reports; licensee event reports; and Commission papers Copies of industry codes and standards used in a and their attachments. substantive manner in the NRC regulatory process are maintained at— NRC publications in the NUREG series, NRC regulations, The NRC Technical Library and Title 10, “Energy,” in the Code of Federal Regulations Two White Flint North may also be purchased from one of these two sources. 11545 Rockville Pike Rockville, MD 20852-2738 1. The Superintendent of Documents U.S. Government Publishing Office These standards are available in the library for reference Mail Stop IDCC use by the public. Codes and standards are usually Washington, DC 20402-0001 copyrighted and may be purchased from the originating Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov organization or, if they are American National Standards, Telephone: (202) 512-1800 from— Fax: (202) 512-2104 American National Standards Institute 11 West 42nd Street 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Explosives and Terminal Ballistics
    AND TERMINAL BALLISTICS A REPORT PREPARED FOR THE AAF SCIEN'rIFIC ADVISORY GROUP By D. P. MAC DOUGALL Naval Ordnance Laboratory, Washington, D. C. N. M. NEWMARK Department oj Civil Engineering, University oj Illinois • PMblished May, 1946 by HEADQUARTERS AIR MATERIEL COMMAND PUBLICATIONS BRANCH, INTEJtJYiE~9) '1001 WRIGHT FIELD, DAYTON, OHIO V-46579 The AAF Scientific Advisory Group was activated late in 1944 by General of the Army H. H. Arnold. He se­ cured the services of Dr. Theodore von Karman, re­ nowned scientist and consultant in aeronautics, who agreed to organize and direct the group. Dr. von Karman gathered about him a group of Ameri­ can scientists from every field of research having a bearing on air power. These men then analyzed im­ portant developments in the basic sciences, both here and abroad, and attempted to evaluate the effects of their application to air power. This volume is one of a group of reports made to the Army Air Forces by the Scientific Advisory Group. Thil document contolnl Information affecting the notional defenle of the United Statel within the meaning of the Espionage Ad, SO U. S. C., 31 and 32, 01 amended. Its tronsmiulon or the revelation of Its contents In any manner to on unauthorized person II prohibited by low. AAF SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY GROUP Dr. Th. von Karman Director Colonel F. E. Glantzberg Dr. H. L. Dryden Deputy Director, Military Deputy Director, Scientific Lt Col G. T. McHugh, Executive Capt C. H. Jackson, Jr., Secretary CONSULTANTS Dr. C. W. Bray Dr. A. J. Stosick Dr. L. A.
    [Show full text]
  • Nebraska Ordnance Plant (Former), OU 2 Mead, NE 4/7/1997
    PB97-964304 EPA/541/R-97/143 January 1998 EPA Superfund Record of Decision: Nebraska Ordnance Plant (Former), OU 2 Mead, NE 4/7/1997 ~-+,+--,+- ,#'+'+'-'+'+ lit Woodward-Clyde ~ October 1, 1996 WCC Project 92KW030M Commander u.s. Army Engineer District, Kansas City ATTN: CEMRK-EP-EC (Ms. Rosemary Gilbertson) 700 Federal Building 601 East 12th Street Kansas City, Missouri 64106-2896 Re: Transmittal ofFinal Record ofDecision for Signature Pages Completion For Operable Unit No.2 (Groundwater) Former Nebraska Ordnance Plant, Mead, Nebraska Contract No. DACA41-92-C-0023 Dear Ms. Gilbertson: We are hereby transmitting seven copies ofthe subject document. We understand that after the signature pages have been completed, we will distribute copies ofthe signed document according to the attached distribution list. On September 30, 1996, we transmitted to you 13 pages ofthis document which showed revisions from the draft final document in redline/strikeout format. We also copied the transmittal to Mr. Craig Bernstein ofthe U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and Mr. Troy Bredenkamp ofthe Nebraska Department ofEnvironmental Quality. Electronic facsimile was used to make the transmittals. Please contact us should you have any questions. Very truly yours, Curt Elmore, Ph.D., P.E. OU2 Project Manager Mead Project Manager Enclosure cc: Steve Iverson (CEMRK-ME-H) w/o enc. Craig Bernstein (U.S. Environnmental Protection Agency) 92030\RODLTRJ.ACE 10/01196 9:44AM Woodward.Clyde Consultants - A subsidiary of WOOdward-Clyde Group. Inc 10975 EI Monte. SUite 100 Overland Park. Kansas 66211 (913) 344-1000 Fax (913) 344-1011 DISTRIBUTION LIST (After Signature) OF THE FINAL RECORD OF DECISION OPERABLE UNIT NO.2 FORMER NEBRASKA ORDNANCE PLANT MEAD, NEBRASKA Organization Copies U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Explosive Materials Mixtures (Cap Sensitive)
    64446 Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 205 / Friday, October 23, 2015 / Notices Dated: January 15, 2015. list supersedes the List of Explosive Cyanuric triazide. Ray Sauvajot, Materials dated October 7, 2014 (Docket Cyclonite [RDX]. Associate Director, Natural Resources, No. 2014R–25T, 79 FR 60496). Cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine Stewardship and Science, Washington Office, [HMX]. Notice of the 2015 Annual List of National Park Service. Cyclotol. Explosive Materials Cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine [RDX]. Editorial Note: This document was Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 841(d) and 27 received for publication by the Office of the D Federal Register on October 20, 2015. CFR 555.23, I hereby designate the following as explosive materials covered DATB [diaminotrinitrobenzene]. [FR Doc. 2015–26999 Filed 10–22–15; 8:45 am] under 18 U.S.C. 841(c): DDNP [diazodinitrophenol]. BILLING CODE 4312–52–P DEGDN [diethyleneglycol dinitrate]. A Detonating cord. Acetylides of heavy metals. Detonators. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Aluminum containing polymeric Dimethylol dimethyl methane propellant. dinitrate composition. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, Aluminum ophorite explosive. Dinitroethyleneurea. and Explosives Amatex. Dinitroglycerine [glycerol dinitrate]. [Docket No. 2015R–23] Amatol. Dinitrophenol. Ammonal. Dinitrophenolates. Commerce in Explosives; 2015 Annual Ammonium nitrate explosive Dinitrophenyl hydrazine. List of Explosive Materials mixtures (cap sensitive). Dinitroresorcinol. * Ammonium nitrate explosive Dinitrotoluene-sodium nitrate AGENCY: Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, mixtures (non-cap sensitive). explosive mixtures. Firearms, and Explosives (ATF); Ammonium perchlorate having DIPAM [dipicramide; Department of Justice. particle size less than 15 microns. diaminohexanitrobiphenyl]. ACTION: Notice of list of explosive Ammonium perchlorate explosive Dipicryl sulfone. materials. mixtures (excluding ammonium Dipicrylamine. SUMMARY: Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 841(d) perchlorate composite propellant Display fireworks.
    [Show full text]
  • Detonation Cord, Detacord, Det
    DDEPATMENT OF MINING ENGINEERING INTRODUCTION:- What are explosives? An explosive (or explosive material) is a reactive substance that contains a great amount of potential energy that can produce an explosion if released suddenly, usually accompanied by the production of light, heat, sound, and pressure. An explosive charge is a measured quantity of explosive material, which may either be composed solely of one ingredient or be a mixture containing at least two substances. The potential energy stored in an explosive material may, for example, be chemical energy, such as nitro glycerine or grain dust DDEPATMENT OF MINING ENGINEERING pressurized gas, such as a gas cylinder or aerosol can nuclear energy, such as in the fissile isotopes uranium-235 and plutonium-239 Explosive materials may be categorized by the speed at which they expand. Materials that detonate (the front of the chemical reaction moves faster through the material than the speed of sound) are said to be "high explosives" and materials that deflagrate are said to be "low explosives". Explosives may also be categorized by their sensitivity. Sensitive materials that can be initiated by a relatively small amount of heat or pressure are primary explosives and materials that are relatively insensitive are secondary or tertiary explosives. A wide variety of chemicals can explode; a smaller number are manufactured specifically for the purpose of being used as explosives. The remainder are too dangerous, sensitive, toxic, expensive, DDEPATMENT OF MINING ENGINEERING unstable, or prone to decomposition or degradation over short time spans. DDEPATMENT OF MINING ENGINEERING HISTORY:- The use of explosives in mining goes back to the year 1627, when gunpowder was first used in place of mechanical tools in the Hungarian (now Slovak) town of Banská Štiavnica.
    [Show full text]
  • Guide for the Selection of Commercial Explosives Detection Systems For
    2.5.3.8 EXPRAY Field Test Kit EXPRAY is a unique, aerosol-based field test kit for the detection of what the manufacturer refers to as Group A explosives (TNT, DNT, picric acid, etc.), Group B explosives (Semtex H, RDX, PETN, NG, smokeless powder, etc.), and compounds that contain nitrates that are used in improvised explosives. Detection of explosive residue is made by observing a color change of the test paper. EXPRAY can be used in a variety of applications, and although in some aspects it does not perform as well as many of the other trace detectors discussed in this section, it costs only $250. This very low cost, coupled with simplicity and ease of use, may make it of interest to many law enforcement agencies (see the EXPRAY kit in fig. 13). The EXPRAY field kit2 is comprised of the following items: - one can of EXPRAY-1 for Group A explosives, - one can of EXPRAY-2 for Group B explosives, - one can of EXPRAY-3 for nitrate-based explosives (ANFO, black powder, and commercial and improvised explosives based on inorganic nitrates), - special test papers which prevent cross contamination. Figure 13. Photo of the EXPRAY Field Test Kit for explosives Initially, a suspected surface (of a package, a person’s clothing, etc.) is wiped with the special test paper. The paper is then sprayed with EXPRAY-1. The appearance of a dark violet-brown color indicates the presence of TNT, a blue-green color indicates the presence of DNT, and an orange color indicates the presence of other Group A explosives.
    [Show full text]
  • Commerce in Explosives; 2020 Annual Those on the Annual List
    Federal Register / Vol. 85, No. 247 / Wednesday, December 23, 2020 / Notices 83999 inspection at the Office of the Secretary or synonyms in brackets. This list Black powder substitutes. and on EDIS.3 supersedes the List of Explosive *Blasting agents, nitro-carbo-nitrates, This action is taken under the Materials published in the Federal including non-cap sensitive slurry and authority of section 337 of the Tariff Act Register on January 2, 2020 (Docket No. water gel explosives. of 1930, as amended (19 U.S.C. 1337), 2019R–04, 85 FR 128). Blasting caps. and of §§ 201.10 and 210.8(c) of the The 2020 List of Explosive Materials Blasting gelatin. Commission’s Rules of Practice and is a comprehensive list, but is not all- Blasting powder. Procedure (19 CFR 201.10, 210.8(c)). inclusive. The definition of ‘‘explosive BTNEC [bis (trinitroethyl) carbonate]. materials’’ includes ‘‘[e]xplosives, BTNEN [bis (trinitroethyl) nitramine]. By order of the Commission. BTTN [1,2,4 butanetriol trinitrate]. Issued: December 18, 2020. blasting agents, water gels and detonators. Explosive materials, Bulk salutes. William Bishop, include, but are not limited to, all items Butyl tetryl. Supervisory Hearings and Information in the ‘List of Explosive Materials’ Officer. C provided for in § 555.23.’’ 27 CFR Calcium nitrate explosive mixture. [FR Doc. 2020–28458 Filed 12–22–20; 8:45 am] 555.11. Accordingly, the fact that an BILLING CODE 7020–02–P Cellulose hexanitrate explosive explosive material is not on the annual mixture. list does not mean that it is not within Chlorate explosive mixtures. coverage of the law if it otherwise meets DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Composition A and variations.
    [Show full text]
  • Explosive Characteristics and Performance Larry Mirabelli Design Factors for Chemical Crushing
    Explosive Characteristics and Performance Larry Mirabelli Design Factors for Chemical Crushing Controllable EXPLOSIVEEXPLOSIVE Uncontrollable GEOLOGYROCK CONFINEMENT DISTRIBUTION Course Agenda What is an Explosive Explosive Types What are best to fuel “chemical crusher” Explosive Properties Explosive types Characteristics General Application Explosive selection to meet blasting objectives What is an Explosive Intimate mixture of fuel and oxidizer. Can be a molecular solid, liquid or gas and/or mixtures of them. When initiated reacts very quickly to form heat, solids and gas. Violent exothermic oxidation-reduction reaction. Detonates instead of burning. Rate of reaction is its detonation velocity. Explosive Types Main Explosive Charge Explosive for use in primer make up. Initiation System Explosive Types – Main Explosive Charge Bulk Explosive Blasting Agent, 1.5 D (not detonator sensitive) • Repumpable – Emulsion (available with field density adjustment and/or homogenization) • Repumpable ANFO Blend – Emulsion (available with field density adjustment) • Heavy ANFO Blend – Emulsion • ANFO For fueling chemical crusher, application flexibility for changing design is best decision. Explosive Types – Main Explosive Charge Packaged Explosive Explosive, 1.1D (detonator sensitive) • Emulsion • Dynamite Blasting Agent, 1.5 D (not detonator sensitive) • Emulsion • Water Gel • WR ANFO • ANFO For fueling chemical crusher, it is best to optimize explosive distribution. Explosive Types Explosive for use in primer make up. Explosive, 1.1D (detonator sensitive) • Cast Booster • Dynamite • Emulsion For fueling chemical crusher, cast booster is recommended explosive for primer make up. Explosive Types Initiation System Electronic Non Electric Electric For fueling chemical crusher, Electronic Detonator is recommended. Explosive Properties Safety properties Characterize transportation, storage, handling and use Physical properties Characterize useable applications and loading equipment requirements.
    [Show full text]
  • Historic Context for Department of Defense Facilities World War Ii Permanent Construction
    DEPARTMeNT OF DEFENSE FACILITIES- WORLD WAR II PERMANENT CONSTRUhttp://aee-www.apgea.army.mil:8080/prod/usaee!eqlconserv/ww2pel.htm ~ - Delivery Order 21 Contract No. DACW31-89-D-0059 US Army Corps of Engineers-Baltimore District HISTORIC CONTEXT FOR DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE FACILITIES WORLD WAR II PERMANENT CONSTRUCTION May 1997 R. Christopher Goodwin and Associates, Inc. 241 E. Fourth Street Suite 100 Frederick, Maryland 21701 FINAL REPORT June 1997 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Historic Context for Department of Defense (DoD) World War H Permanent Construction combines two previous reports: Historic Context for Department of Defense Facilities World War H Permanent Construction (Hirrel et al., draft June 1994) and Methodology for World War H Permanent Construction (Whelan, draft August 1996). This project was designed to meet the following objectives: • To analyze and synthesize historical data on the military's permanent construction program during World War H. • To assist DoD cultural resource managers and other DoD personnel with fulfilling their responsibilities under the National Historic Preservation Act (NHP A) of 1966, as amended. Section 110 of the NHPA requires federal agencies to identity, evaluate, and nominate to the National Register of Historic Places historic properties under their jurisdiction. Section 110 Guidelines, developed by the National Park Service, U.S. Department ofthe Interior, direct federal agencies to establish historic contexts to identifY and evaluate historic properties (53FR 4727-46). • To develop a consistent historic context framework that provides comparative data and background information in a cost-effective manner, which will allow DoD personnel to assess the relative significance of World War II military construction.
    [Show full text]
  • A Abegg, Richard, 99, 103 Abraumsalze, 13 Absorption Towers
    Index1 A Allgemeine Osterreichische Abegg, Richard, 99, 103 Bodenkreditanstalt, 287 Abraumsalze, 13 Allied Chemical & Dye Corporation, 204, Absorption towers, for nitric acid, 57, 60, 66, 214–216, 274, 276, 277, 296, 298– 121, 194, 217 299, 383 Acade´mie des Sciences, 247 Allievi, Lorenzo, 229 Acetic acid, 51 Allmand, Arthur John, 217 Acetone, 145 Alloys, 52, 219, 261, 321, 322 Acetylene, 20, 50, 51, 75, 134, 169 acid-resistant, 152 under pressure, 355, 375 chrome-nickel-tungsten (BTG), 246 Acheson, Edward Goodrich, 49 chrome-nickel-tungsten (HR-1T), 246 Acidic soils, 47, 359 chromium, 261 Actien-Gesellschaft für Anilin-Fabrikation molybdenum, 261 (AGFA), 63, 94 nickel, 261 Adams, Edward Dean, 71 stainless steel, 47 Address to the Agriculturalists of Great Britain Alnarp, Sweden, 24 (Liebig), 10 Alumina, 33, 49 Adler, Rene´, 207, 211 Aluminium, 49, 52, 175, 191, 304 Adriatic cruise, 295 Aluminium carbide, 32 Adulteration, 159 Aluminium-Industriegesellschaft Neuhausen, 67 Aerial bombs, 144 Aluminium nitride, 32, 33 Agricultural Chemistry Association of Aluminothermic (thermite) reaction, 34 Scotland, 24 Ålvik, Norway, 78 Agricultural experiment stations, 24–25 AlzChem (company), 358, 359 Air Liquide. See Socie´te´ L’Air Liquide Amalgamated Phosphate Company, 82 Air Nitrates Corporation, 183 Amatol, 142 Aktiengesellschaft für Stickstoffdünger, 86, 153 American Association of Official Agricultural Alabama Power Company, 79 Chemists, 24 Alby, Sweden, 78, 139, 193 American Chemical Industry: A History Alby United Carbide Factories, Ltd, 77, 193 (Haynes), 79 Alizarin, 93–94, 374 American Chemical Society, 181, 296 Allen, E. M., 296 American Cyanamid Company, 47, 79–83, Allgemeine Elektrizita¨ts-Gesellschaft (AEG), 182–183, 252, 259, 275, 277, 293, 296, 50, 136 302, 304, 316, 358, 368.
    [Show full text]
  • Render-Safe Impact Dynamics of the M557 Fuze G.A. Gazonas U.S. Army
    Transactions on the Built Environment vol 32, © 1998 WIT Press, www.witpress.com, ISSN 1743-3509 Render-safe impact dynamics of the M557 fuze G.A. Gazonas U.S. Army Research Laboratory Weapons and Materials Research Directorate Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005, USA e-mail: [email protected] Abstract This paper outlines the results of a combined experimental and computational study which investigates the transient structural response of the M557 point detonating fuze subjected to low-speed (200 m/s) oblique impact by a hardened steel projectile. The problem is of interest to the explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) community as it is a method that is currently used to "render-safe" ordnance and other explosive devices found in the field [1]. An inert M557 fuze is instrumented with a low mass (1.5 gram), 60 kilo-g uniaxial accelerometer and subjected to oblique impact by launching a 300 gram projectile from a 4-in airgun. The transient structural response of the fuze is compared to the predicted response using the Lagrangian finite element code DYNA3D. Peak accelerations measured in two tests average 35 kilo-g whereas DYNA3D predicts a 40 to 50 kilo-g peak acceleration depending upon the amount of prescribed damping. Both measured and computed acceleration histories are Fourier transformed and the estimated spectral response at the base of the fuze is shown to be dependent upon the failure strength of the flash tube. 1 Introduction The explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) community utilizes a variety of devices to disarm or "render-safe" ordnance and other explosive devices found in the field.
    [Show full text]
  • Suffolk County AAF Bombing and Gunnery Range MMRP Project No
    DRAFT FINAL Site Inspection Report for Suffolk AAF Bombing and Gunnery Range, Suffolk County, NY DERP FUDS Project No. C02NY071301 Prepared Under: Contract No. W912DY-04-D-0017 Task Order # 00170001 Prepared for: U.S. Army Engineering and Support Center, Huntsville 4280 University Square Huntsville, AL 35807 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Baltimore District City Crescent Building 10 S. Howard St. 10th Floor Baltimore, MD 21201 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, New York District Jacobs K. Javits Federal Building New York, New York 10278-0090 Prepared by: Alion Science and Technology .50 caliber projectiles and copper jackets found at 1000 Park Forty Plaza, Suite 200 the strafing target, Ground Gunnery/Skip Bombing Durham, North Carolina 27713 Sub-range “A”, Suffolk AAFB&G Range, NY The views, opinions, and/or findings contained in this report are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official Department of the Army position, policy, or decision, unless so designated by other documentation. November 2009 DRAFT FINAL Site Inspection Suffolk AAF Bombing and Gunnery Range, Suffolk County, NY MMRP Project No. C02NY071301 Prepared Under: Contract No. W912DY-04-D-0017 Task Order # 00170001 Prepared for: U.S. Army Engineering and Support Center, Huntsville 4280 University Square Huntsville, AL 35807 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Baltimore District City Crescent Building 10 S. Howard St. 10th Floor Baltimore, MD 21201 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, New York District Jacobs K. Javits Federal Building New York, New York 10278-0090 Prepared by: Roger Azar, P.E. Date Alion Program Manager Curtis Mitchell Date Alion Corporate Quality Management Reviewer November 2009 CONTRACTOR STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP AND INDEPENDENT TECHNICAL REVIEW Alion Science and Technology Corporation prepared this Site Inspection Report for Suffolk AAF Bombing and Gunnery Range, Suffolk County, NY, Formerly Used Defense Site (FUDS), Project No.
    [Show full text]