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The Shadow Rules of Joinder
Brooklyn Law School BrooklynWorks Faculty Scholarship 2012 The hS adow Rules of Joinder Robin Effron Brooklyn Law School, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://brooklynworks.brooklaw.edu/faculty Part of the Other Law Commons Recommended Citation 100 Geo. L. J. 759 (2011-2012) This Article is brought to you for free and open access by BrooklynWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Scholarship by an authorized administrator of BrooklynWorks. The Shadow Rules of Joinder ROBIN J. EFFRON* The Federal Rules of Civil Procedure provide litigants with procedural devices for joining claims and parties. Several of these rules demand that the claims or parties share a baseline of commonality, either in the form of the same "transactionor occurrence" or a "common question of law or fact." Both phrases have proved to be notoriously tricky in application.Commentators from the academy and the judiciary have attributed these difficulties to the context- specific and discretionary nature of the rules. This Article challenges that wisdom by suggesting that the doctrinal confu- sion can be attributed to deeper theoretical divisions in the judiciary, particu- larly with regardto the role of the ontological categories of "fact" and "law." These theoretical divisions have led lower courtjudges to craft shadow rules of joinder "Redescription" is the rule by which judges utilize a perceived law-fact distinction to characterizea set of facts as falling inside or outside a definition of commonality. "Impliedpredominance" is the rule in which judges have taken the Rule 23(b)(3) class action standard that common questions predominate over individual issues and applied it to other rules of joinder that do not have this express requirement. -
Trial Process in Virginia
te Trial Process In Virginia A Litigation Boutique THE TRIAL PROCESS IN VIRGINIA table of contents Overview . .3 Significant .MOtiOnS .in .virginia . .4 . Plea .in .Bar . .4 . DeMurrer. .5 . craving .Oyer . .5 Voir .Dire . anD .Jury .SelectiOn .in .virginia . .6 OPening .StateMent . .8 the .receiPt .Of .e viDence . .10 MOtiOnS .tO .Strike . the .eviDence . .12 crOSS-exaMinatiOn . .14 clOSing .arguMent. .15 Jury .inStructiOnS . .17 Making .a .recOrD .fOr .aPP eal . .17 tiMe .liMitS .fOr .nO ting .anD .Perfecting . an .aPPeal . .18 key .tiMe .liMit S .fOr . the .SuPreMe .cOurt .Of .virginia . .19 THE TRIAL PROCESS IN VIRGINIA overview The trial of a civil case in Virginia takes most of its central features from the English court system that was introduced into the “Virginia Colony” in the early 1600s. The core principles of confrontation, the right to a trial by one’s peers, hearsay principles and many other doctrines had already been originated, extensively debated and refined in English courts and Inns of Court long before the first gavel fell in a Virginia case. It is clearly a privilege to practice law in the historically important court system of the Commonwealth of Virginia, and everyone who “passes the bar” and earns the right to sit inside the well of the court literally follows in the footsteps of such groundbreaking pioneers as Thomas Jefferson, George Mason, George Wythe, John Marshall, Lewis Powell and Oliver Hill. However, this booklet is not designed to address either the history or the policy of the law, or to discuss the contributions of these and other legal giants whose legacy is the living system that we enjoy today as professional attorneys. -
Of Alternative Dispute Resolution
“CONS” OF ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION I. FORUMS AND PROCEDURES FOR ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION A. FORUMS 1. Court – A case may be referred by the court to mediation or arbitration, which is usually before an attorney on the court’s mediation/arbitration panel. 2. Contract – The parties to a contract may include a provision that disputes are to be resolved by binding or non-binding mediation and/or arbitration. The parties may specify a forum such as the American Arbitration Association (“AAA”), JAMS/Endispute, or other associations. If no forum is specified by the parties, the rules of Code of Civil Procedure (“CCP”) §1280 et seq. apply. B. PROCEDURES – ADR Path [see Exhibit “A”] 1. Mediation Court – The rules for court-ordered mediation are set forth in CCP § 1775-1775.16, California Rules of Court (“CRC”) 1630- 1639, and in the local court rules. Contract – The rules for “private” mediation (i.e., a mediator required by contract or voluntarily agreed to by the parties) will depend upon the forum specified by the parties, i.e., the AAA, JAMS/Endispute, or other associations and unassociated mediators. 2. Arbitration Court – The procedures for Judicial Arbitration are found in CCP §1141.10 et seq., CRC Rules 1600 et seq., or local court rules. Contract -- If a contract contains a provision requiring disputes to be submitted to arbitration, then the rules governing Document #: 324 1 arbitration are found in CCP §1280 et seq. However, the parties may provide in a contract that disputes are to be submitted to arbitration and then specify the rules applicable to the arbitration. -
In the United States District Court for the District of Kansas
Case 2:09-cv-02304-JAR Document 77 Filed 09/08/10 Page 1 of 37 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF KANSAS REGINA DANIELS, ) ) Plaintiff, ) ) v. ) Case No. 09-2304-JAR ) UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC., ) ) Defendant. ) MEMORANDUM AND ORDER This matter comes before the Court upon Plaintiff’s Motion to Compel Discovery and for Related Sanctions (Doc. 64). The motion is fully briefed, and the Court is prepared to rule. For the reasons stated below, Plaintiff’s motion is granted in part and denied in part. I. Procedural Requirement to Confer Before considering the merits of Plaintiff’s motion to compel, this Court must first determine whether Plaintiff has complied with the requirements of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure and this district’s local rules regarding the movant’s duty to confer with opposing counsel prior to filing a motion to compel. Fed. R. Civ. P. 37(a)(1) provides that a motion to compel “must include a certification that the movant has in good faith conferred or attempted to confer with the person or party failing to make disclosure or discovery in an effort to obtain it without court action.” D. Kan. R. 37.2 expands on the movant’s duty to confer, stating “[a] ‘reasonable effort to confer’ means more than mailing or faxing a letter to the opposing party. It requires that the parties in good faith converse, confer, compare views, consult and deliberate, or in good faith attempt to do so.” In this case, the parties have exchanged correspondence aimed at attempting to resolve the instant discovery dispute without judicial intervention. -
Information Sheet No. 5 Discovery
U.S. Merit Systems Protection Board Information Sheet No. 5 Discovery Purpose. The purpose of this information sheet is to provide general guidance and background information. It does not represent an official statement approved by the Board itself, and is not intended to provide legal counsel or to be cited as legal authority. Instead, it is intended only to help the public become familiar with the MSPB and its procedures. In all instances, however, the Board’s regulations and current case law control with respect to the matters discussed here. What is discovery? Discovery is the procedure by which you may ask questions, or obtain documents or answers from the opposing party or third parties in order to "discover" information that is calculated to lead the parties to find admissible evidence. How does discovery work? A party must make its first discovery request within 30 days following the date of the Board's Acknowledgment Order in the case. Otherwise, the request will be considered untimely (late), and the other party may be excused from having to answer it. Following receipt of a discovery request, a party must respond to it within 20 days after the date of service. If the response is inadequate, or if the discovery request is ignored, the party that made the discovery request may file a "Motion to Compel Discovery" with the administrative judge (AJ). A Motion to Compel Discovery must be filed within 10 days after the objection or nonconforming response is served, or within 10 days after the time limit for response has expired. -
Drafting and Issuing Discovery Subpoenas: Washington, Practical Law State Q&A
Drafting and Issuing Discovery Subpoenas: Washington, Practical Law State Q&A... Drafting and Issuing Discovery Subpoenas: Washington by John S. Devlin III and Bryan Taylor, Lane Powell PC, with Practical Law Litigation Law stated as of 18 Nov 2019 • United States, Washington A Q&A guide to drafting, issuing, serving, and enforcing a discovery subpoena in a Washington civil proceeding. This Q&A addresses the state statutes and rules governing discovery subpoenas, the types of discovery subpoenas available, the requirements for drafting and serving a discovery subpoena, and the methods of enforcing a discovery subpoena. Answers to questions can be compared across a number of jurisdictions (see Drafting and Issuing Discovery Subpoenas: State Q&A Tool). Overview of Discovery Subpoenas Drafting a Discovery Subpoena Serving a Discovery Subpoena Witness Fees Enforcing a Discovery Subpoena Appealing a Court Decision on a Discovery Subpoena Overview of Discovery Subpoenas 1. What are the laws or rules in your jurisdiction that generally govern subpoenas to non-party witnesses in discovery? The primary body of law governing subpoenas in Washington is the Washington Superior Court Civil Rules. The rules relating to subpoenas are: • Wash. Super. Ct. Civ. R. 30 (oral depositions, subpoenas for depositions). • Wash. Super. Ct. Civ. R. 31 (written depositions, subpoenas for depositions). • Wash. Super. Ct. Civ. R. 37 (motions to compel and sanctions). • Wash. Super. Ct. Civ. R. 45 (subpoenas generally). © 2020 Thomson Reuters. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. 1 Drafting and Issuing Discovery Subpoenas: Washington, Practical Law State Q&A... The following provisions of the Washington Revised Code also govern subpoenas: • RCW 2.43.010 to 2.43.090 (providing for interpreters for non-English speaking persons served with subpoenas). -
Complaint Counsel's Response to Respondent's Motion to Compel Admissions
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BEFORE FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION OFFICE OF ADMIMSTRATIVE LAW JUDGES In the Matter of 1 PUBLIC VERSION 1 ASPEN TECHNOLOGY, INC., 1 Respondent. Docket No. 93 10 COMPLAINT COUNSEL'S RESPONSE TO RESPONDENT'S MOTION TO COMPEL ADMISSIONS The Commission initiated its pre-complaint investigation of Aspen's consummated acquisition of its chef rival, Hyprotech, in the summer of 2002. During the course of that investigation Respondent provided the Commission with statements fiom various customers in an effort to persuade the Commission to close the investigation. The statements, combined with other information obtained by the Commission, were insufficient to prevent the unanimous Commission from issuing its Complaint. Respondent then deconstructed 64 of these statements to create 753 separate Requests for Admission ("RFA"). Only one of the statements appears to be sworn and at least a dozen were not even signed by the putative authors.' The statements have no value in this proceeding because there is no doubt that they are inadmissible hearsay. They are not business documents entitled to any Lenox pres~mption.~ Most relate primarily to the personal opinions of the authors as individuals, as opposed to expressing an authoritative position on behalf of the respective companies. They bear no other ' Forty of the statements are from witnesses located in foreign countries and, therefore, not subject to the Commission's subpoena power. -See In the Matter of Lenox, Inc., 73 F.T.C. 578,603-04 (1968) (presumption that documents fiom respondent's files are authentic and kept in the regular course of business); see also Rule 3.43(b)(2). -
Monday, April 19, 2021 AMADOR SUPERIOR COURT LAW AND
AMADOR SUPERIOR COURT LAW AND MOTION TENTATIVE RULINGS Monday, April 19, 2021 TO REQUEST A HEARING ON ANY MATTER ON THIS CALENDAR, YOU MUST CALL THE COURT AT (209) 257-2692 BY 4:00 P.M. ON THE DAY PRECEDING THE HEARING. NOTICE OF THE INTENTION TO APPEAR MUST ALSO BE GIVEN TO ALL OTHER PARTIES. IF THE CLERK IS NOT NOTIFIED OF A PARTY’S INTENTION TO APPEAR, THERE WILL BE NO HEARING AND THE TENTATIVE RULING WILL BECOME THE ORDER OF THE COURT. NO FURTHER NOTICE OF THE COURT’S RULING WILL BE PROVIDED. 19-CVC-11140 LAFRANK, ERICA VS. ATT CORP MOTION TO AMEND COMPLAINT TENTATIVE RULING: Plaintiff’s Motion for Filing of First Amended Complaint is DENIED. CRC 3.1324(b) provides, in relevant part, “A motion to amend a pleading for trial must be accompanied by a separate declaration and that declaration must specify (3) When the facts giving rise to the amended allegation were discovered; and, (4) The reasons why the request for amendment was not made earlier”. (CRC 3.1324(b)(3) and (4).)(Emphasis added.) Plaintiff’s supporting declaration indicates Plaintiff completed the deposition of Defendant LEITING on June 16, 2020 and that such deposition was delayed by the Covid-19 crisis. (Decl. Lally ¶ 16.) Presumably, the June 16, 2020 date is when the facts giving rise to the amended allegation were discovered, but that is not clear from the declaration. Further, Plaintiff gives no explanation as to why the request for amendment was not made sooner , as the instant motion was not filed until April 9, 2021, nearly ten (10) months after LEITING’s deposition. -
Frivolous and Bad Faith Claims: Defense Strategies in Employment Litigation
Frivolous and Bad Faith Claims: Defense Strategies in Employment Litigation A Lexis Practice Advisor® Practice Note by Ellen V. Holloman and Jaclyn A. Hall, Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft, LLP Ellen Holloman Jaclyn Hall This practice note provides guidance on defending frivolous and bad faith claims in employment actions. While this practice note generally covers federal employment law claims, many of the strategies discussed below also apply to state employment law claims. When handling employment law claims in state court be sure to check the applicable state laws and rules. This practice note specifically addresses the following key issues concerning frivolous and bad faith claims in employment litigation: ● Determining If a Claim Is Frivolous or in Bad Faith ● Motion Practice against Frivolous Lawsuits ● Additional Strategies Available against Serial Frivolous Filers ● Alternative Dispute Resolution ● Settlement ● Attorney’s Fees and Costs ● Dealing with Frivolous Appeals Be mindful that frivolous and bad faith claims present particular challenges. On the one hand, if an employee lawsuit becomes public, there is a risk of reputational harm and damage even where the allegations are clearly unfounded. On the other hand, employers that wish to quickly settle employee complaints regardless of the lack of merit of the underlying allegations to avoid litigation can unwittingly be creating an incentive for other employees to file similar suits. Even claims that are on their face patently frivolous and completely lacking in evidentiary support will incur legal fees to defend. Finally, an award of sanctions and damages could be a Pyrrhic victory if a bad-faith plaintiff does not have the resources to pay. -
Deposition Control: Becoming the Authority & Controlling The
Deposition Control: Becoming the Authority & Controlling the Conversation Thursday, February 14, 2019 This program qualifies for 6.0 MCLE Credit hours, including up to 1.0 LEPR Credit Hour SC Supreme Commission on CLE Course #: 190666 8:30 a.m. Registration 8:55 a.m. Welcome and Opening Remarks 9:00 a.m. Preparing Your Witness to Succeed “Best Practices” for preparing your witness include the use of documents during preparation and the latest research to help your witness feel comfortable and perform at his or her best. Drafting and Using Outlines While you never want to be tied to your outline, advance preparation allows you the flexibility to move beyond the outline in a deposition. We’ll review several outline templates to identify the styles that will work best in different circumstances. 10:30 a.m. Break 10:45 a.m. Taking and Defending Depositions Whether conducting a discovery deposition, a trial deposition, a hybrid or defending your own witness, the fundamentals are crucial. Beyond those basics, though, Sybil provides tips and tricks to elevate your performance. Effective Objections When defending a deposition, the objection is your primary tool. This section covers everything – from teaching your witness about depositions to effectively using them to preserve your record. 12:15 p.m. Lunch (on your own) 1:15 p.m. Expert Depositions The expert has likely been deposed before – explore special considerations for expert depositions including how to set up a Daubert motion, your trial cross-examination, or even increase your chances of settlement. Identifying Your Deposition Style Playing to your own strengths will help you achieve your deposition objectives (and feel comfortable while doing so). -
Depositions You May Also Need… This Guide Includes Instructions and Sample Forms
Sacramento County Public Law Library & Civil Self Help Center 609 9th St. Sacramento, CA 95814 saclaw.org (916) 874-6012 >> Home >> Law 101 DISCOVERY Depositions You may also need… This Guide includes instructions and sample forms. Links to download the fillable forms are at the end of this Guide. Step-by-Step Guides on Additional copies of this Guide can be accessed at Responding to Discovery saclaw.org/deposition-guide. • Responding to Interrogatories BACKGROUND • Responding to Requests for Admissions A deposition is the taking of a statement of a witness or party • Responding to Requests for under oath. The deposing party (the “asking” person) may ask Production the deponent (the “responding” person) questions to obtain information, to discover what the party knows about a Step-by-Step Guides on Making situation or event, and to determine what their testimony Discovery Requests would be at trial. Although depositions may be written or oral, this guide will only discuss the taking of oral depositions. • Form Interrogatories Each party may conduct one deposition of each other party. • Request for Production of This limit is imposed to prevent parties from using the Documents and Things deposition process as a tool of harassment, and to make each • Requests for Admission party effectively use their deposition. Parties may also conduct depositions of any relevant witnesses in the case. A • Special Interrogatories party may only conduct one deposition of any individual, though. Other Guides on Discovery Taking an oral deposition is very expensive and time- • Exchange of Expert Witness consuming. The party requesting a deposition is responsible Information for paying all costs and fees related to the deposition. -
Responding to Requests for Admission This Guide Includes Instructions and Sample Forms
Sacramento County Public Law Library & Civil Self Help Center 609 9th St. Sacramento, CA 95814 saclaw.org (916) 874-6012 >> Home >> Law 101 DISCOVERY Responding to Requests for Admission This Guide includes instructions and sample forms. Links to download the fillable forms are at the end of this Guide. You may also need… Additional copies of this Guide can be accessed at saclaw.org/respond-req-admissions. Step-by-Step Guides on Making Discovery Requests BACKGROUND Form Interrogatories Requests for admission are used to ask another party to Request for Production of admit that certain facts are true, or that certain documents are Documents and Things authentic. If admitted as true or authentic, these facts and Requests for Admission documents do not need to be proven or authenticated at trial. Special Interrogatories This helps reduce the number of disputed facts that the court needs to decide in the case, making trials quicker and less Step-by-Step Guides on expensive. Responding to Discovery The requests for admission that you receive will include a list Responding to Interrogatories of statements or facts that the other party wishes you to admit Responding to Requests for are true. Your answers must be as complete and Production straightforward as possible (California Code of Civil Other Guides on Discovery Procedure (CCP) § 2033.220), and be accurate to the best of your knowledge. You must sign under penalty of perjury that Depositions your responses are true and correct (CCP § 2033.240). Exchange of Expert Witness Information You have 30 days from the date the requests were served to you (35 if served by mail within California) to serve your Gather Information for your responses to the requests for admission.