DOCSLIB.ORG

1 Human Ecological Integration in Subarctic

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
1 Human Ecological Integration in Subarctic Human Ecological Integration in Subarctic Eastern Beringia Item Type text; Electronic Dissertation Authors Lanoe, Francois Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 29/09/2021 22:48:17 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624542 HUMAN ECOLOGICAL INTEGRATION IN SUBARCTIC EASTERN BERINGIA By François B. Lanoë _________________________________ Copyright © François Lanoë 2017 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the SCHOOL OF ANTHROPOLOGY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2017 1 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Dissertation Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by François B. Lanoë titled “Human Ecological Integration in Subarctic Eastern Beringia” and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Date: April 10th, 2017 Vance T. Holliday Date: April 10th, 2017 Steven L. Kuhn Date: April 10th, 2017 John W. Olsen Date: April 10th, 2017 Joshua D. Reuther Date: April 10th, 2017 Mary C. Stiner Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate's submission of the final copies of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement. Date: April 10th, 2017 Dissertation Director: Joshua D. Reuther Date: April 10th, 2017 Dissertation Director: Mary C. Stiner 2 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that an accurate acknowledgment of the source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his or her judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. SIGNED: François B. Lanoë 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS My dissertation co-advisors, Mary Stiner and Joshua Reuther, have been instrumental in this work and have provided invaluable guidance throughout the different stages of my graduate studies. I am also grateful to the other members of my doctoral committee, Vance Holliday, Steven Kuhn, and John Olsen, who have supported and helped me in many of my academic endeavors. Many people at the School of Anthropology of the University of Arizona have supported and assisted me. Veronica Peralta and Catherine Lehman spent a lot of time helping me understand some of the administrative aspects of being a Ph.D. student in Tucson, as did Diane Austin, Barbara Mills, Ben Beshaw, Norma Maynard, Scott Ellegood, and Rayshma Pereira. Archaeological fieldwork in Alaska was conducted in close collaboration with Charles Holmes and Jennifer Kielhofer. Several volunteers gracefully donated their time over the years, including Matthew Pailes, Amy Clark, Meredith Wismer, Ismael Sanchez, Benjamin Bellorado, and David Plaskett. Fieldwork was made possible by the generosity of Angela Linn, Grey Reuther, and Barbara Crass. I also enjoyed and learned a lot from time spent and conversations with Ben Potter, David Yesner, Jason Rogers, Evgenia Anichtchenko, Richard Vanderhoek, Bryan Wygal, Ted Goebel, Kathryn Krasinski, Cassidy Phillips, Holly McKinney, Norman Easton, and Carrin Halffman. Access to archaeological and paleontological collections for sampling was granted by Patrick Druckenmiller and Dale Guthrie (Department of Earth Sciences, University of Alaska Museum of the North), Ben Potter (University of Alaska Fairbanks), Jeff Rasic and Jillian Richie (National Park Service), Norman Easton (Yukon College), Jin Meng and Lindsay Jurgielewicz (American Museum of Natural History), Greg Hare and Christian Thomas (Archaeology Program, Government of Yukon), and Greg Hodgins and Rich Cruz (University of Arizona). Access to other archaeological collections was granted by Joshua Reuther and Scott Shirar (Department of Archaeology, University of Alaska Museum of the North), David Yesner (University of Alaska Anchorage), Charles Holmes and Richard Vanderhoek (Alaska State Historic Preservation Office), and Kristian Gregersen (Natural History Museum of Denmark). Access to comparative skeletal collections was granted by Barnett Pavao-Zuckerman (Stanley J. Olsen Laboratory of Zooarchaeology, Arizona State Museum), Mary Stiner (Hunter-Gatherer Laboratory, University of Arizona), Nieves Zedeño (Bureau of Applied Research in Anthropology, University of Arizona), Peter Reinthal (University of Arizona Museum of Natural History), Everett Lindsay (Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona), Grant Zazula (Paleontology Program, Government of Yukon), and Aren Gunderson and Link Olson (Department of Mammalogy, University of Alaska Museum of the North). Collagen extraction was conducted at the University of Arizona Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Laboratory directed by Greg Hodgins. In addition to Greg, Marcus Lee, Amanda Halawani, Mitzi Demartino, Rich Cruz, and particularly Rebecca Watson assisted me while working in the laboratory. Isotope analysis was conducted at the Environmental Isotope Laboratory of the University of Arizona, by David Dettman and Xiaoyu Zhang. One sample was gracefully analyzed by ZooMs by Michael Buckley at the Proteomics Laboratory of the University of Manchester. 4 Several folks have contributed in making the School of Anthropology an incredibly enjoyable learning and working environment. I am grateful to Nieves Zedeño, who has been a wonderful person to work with, as well as to Amy Clark, Marcy Reiser, Esther Echenique, Samantha Fladd, Amanda Hilton, Benjamin Bellorado, Luminița Mandache, Paula Ugalde, Nicole Mathwich, Matthew Pailes, Danielle Phelps, Brandi Bethke, Leslie Aragon, William Reitze, Emma Blake, Eleni Hasaki, David Killick, Takeshi Inomata, Sarah Renkert, Daniela Triadan, Anna Jansson, Ashleigh Thompson, William White, Arthur Jelinek, Ismael Sanchez, Megan Sheehan… many others. I have learned much of what I know about archaeology from interacting, in the past decade, with people in the field and in laboratories. In addition to people cited above, I am particularly indebted to James Enloe, Francine David, Jean-Laurent Monnier, Catherine Dupont, Jesse Ballenger, Marylène Patou-Mathis, Abdeljalil Bouzouggar, and Stéphane Péan. Lastly, friends and family have supported me emotionally over the years. I thank in particular my parents, Bertrand and Claudine Lanoë, my sister, Hélène Lanoë, and my cousins Lise Lejalé and Françoise Possémé; as well as Soumaya Belmecheri, Bethany Coulthard, Marcy Reiser, Amy Clark, Meredith Wismer, Morgann le Roch, Aurélie Manin, Julien Guilbert, and Alexis Licht. This doctoral research was funded by a Doctoral Dissertation Research Improvement Grant from the National Science Foundation (BCS-1504654), a Research and Exploration Grant from the National Geographic Society (#9708-15), the Lewis and Clark Fund for Exploration and Field Research from the American Philosophical Society, the Arizona State Museum, the Social and Behavioral Sciences Research Institute at the University of Arizona, and several grants from the Graduate and Professional Student Council and the School of Anthropology of the University of Arizona. The Department of Archaeology of the University of Alaska Museum of the North and the Department of Anthropology of the University of Alaska Fairbanks provided logistical support and excavation equipment. This research was conducted in the traditional lands of the Tanana River Athabaskan People, Selkirk First Nation, White River First Nation, and Tr’ondëk Hwëch’in First Nation. 5 To the people of Beringia, past and present. 6 CONTENTS List of Figures ............................................................................................................................... 10 List of Tables ................................................................................................................................ 14 Abstract ......................................................................................................................................... 17 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 19 Literature Review.......................................................................................................................... 23 Paleoecology and Archaeology ................................................................................................. 23 Human-Environment Interactions ......................................................................................... 24 Human-Carnivore Coevolution ............................................................................................. 25 Community Structure
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Mesa Site: Paleoindians Above the Arctic Circle
    U. S. Department of the Interior BLM-Alaska Open File Report 86 Bureau of Land Management BLM/AK/ST-03/001+8100+020 April 2003 Alaska State Office 222 West 7th Avenue Anchorage Alaska 99513 The Mesa Site: Paleoindians above the Arctic Circle Michael Kunz, Michael Bever, Constance Adkins Cover Photo View of Mesa from west with Iteriak Creek in foreground. Photo: Dan Gullickson Disclaimer The mention of trade names or commercial products in this report does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the federal government. Authors Michael Kunz is an Archaeologist, Bureau of Land Management (BLM), Northern Field Office, 1150 University Avenue, Fairbanks, Alaska 99709. Michael Bever is a project supervisor for Pacific Legacy Inc., 3081 Alhambra Drive, Suite 208, Cameron Park, CA 95682. Constance Adkins is an Archaeologist, Bureau of Land Management (BLM), Northern Field Office, 1150 University Avenue, Fairbanks, Alaska 99709. Open File Reports Open File Reports issued by the Bureau of Land Management-Alaska present the results of invento- ries or other investigations on a variety of scientific and technical subjects that are made available to the public outside the formal BLM-Alaska technical publication series. These reports can include preliminary or incomplete data and are not published and distributed in quantity. The reports are available while supplies last from BLM External Affairs, 222 West 7th Avenue #13, Anchorage, Alaska 99513 and from the Juneau Minerals Information Center, 100 Savikko Road, Mayflower Island, Douglas, AK 99824, (907) 364-1553. Copies are also available for inspection at the Alaska Resource Library and Information Service (Anchorage), the USDI Resources Library in Washington, D.
    [Show full text]
  • Of Mammoths and Other Monsters: Historic Approaches to The
    Of mammoths and other monsters: historic approaches to the submerged Palaeolithic Research Rachel Bynoe1,∗,JustinK.Dix2 & Fraser Sturt1 Recent research on the submerged central and southern North Sea basin has focused on the end of the story: the last few millennia before the final inundation. Much older deposits do survive, however, and are documented by collections of Pleistocene fauna recovered by fishing fleets operating from Dutch and British ports during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Analysis of the British collections allows them to be assigned to specific areas of seabed and to broad stages London of the Pleistocene climatic sequence. The N results provide evidence of more complex and 0km500 fragmentary undersea landscapes than can be detected using geophysical approaches alone, and indicate targeted areas for future work. Keywords: North Sea, United Kingdom, Palaeolithic, submerged landscape, faunal analysis, museum collections Introduction Since Reid’s seminal publication on submerged forests, a range of studies have attempted to define the archaeological potential of the North Sea (Reid 1913;Clark1936; Wymer 1968; Coles 1998; Gaffney et al. 2007; Peeters et al. 2009). Much of this work, however, has understandably focused on the nature of the geological, and for the most-part Holocene, record. The investigation of archaeological remains has evolved at a far slower pace, 1 Department of Archaeology, University of Southampton, Avenue Campus, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BF, UK 2 Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK ∗ Author for correspondence (Email: [email protected]) C Antiquity Publications Ltd, 2016. This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
    [Show full text]
  • Patterns of Diet and Body Mass of Large Ungulates from the Pleistocene of Western Europe, and Their Relation to Vegetation
    Palaeontologia Electronica palaeo-electronica.org Patterns of diet and body mass of large ungulates from the Pleistocene of Western Europe, and their relation to vegetation Juha Saarinen, Jussi Eronen, Mikael Fortelius, Heikki Seppä, and Adrian M. Lister ABSTRACT Ungulate diets may vary following differences in vegetation, and their body size is affected by a complex set of ecological and physiological variables. Here we analyse Middle and Late Pleistocene British and German ungulate palaeocommunities to test whether there are significant correlations of diet and body size of ungulate species with vegetation openness. We also evaluate the role of interspecific interactions on the diet and body mass of the ungulate species. We use mesowear for dietary analyses and regression equations for estimating body mass from skeletal measures. The results show a correlation between ungulate mesowear and non-arboreal pollen percentages of the localities, but there are marked differences between species. Body masses of rhinoceroses (Rhinocerotidae) and deer (Cervidae) are on average higher in open environments, whereas aurochs (Bos primigenius) does not show clear connection of body size with vegetational conditions, and bison (Bison spp.) and wild horses (Equus ferus) have on average smaller mean size in more open ecosystems, possibly because of high population densities and resulting resource limitations. It is evident that the correlation of body size and vegetation openness is not straightforward and is likely to reflect the varying effects of population density, ecological adaptations and environmental conditions on body size in different species. Juha Saarinen. Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2a, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
    [Show full text]
  • CRP Table of Contents
    CURRENT RESEARCH IN THE PLEISTOCENE Vol. 11, 1994 Contents From the Editor ............................................................... vii Archaeology Paleoindian and Paleoecological Evidence from Farra Canyon, Oklahoma W. E. Banks, J. L. Hofman, and R. Patterson . .................................... 1 Paleoindian Occupation in the Upper Red River Region of North-Central Tennessee and South-Central Kentucky G. Barker .................................................................. 3 Recent Excavations at the Sunshine Locality, a Late Pleistocene/Early Holocene Site in Eastern Nevada C.Beck, G. T. Jones, and F. L. Nials . ............................................. 6 The Cooper Site: A Stratified Paleoindian Bison Kill in Northwest Oklahoma L. C. Bement ............................................................... 7 Paleoindian Site, Lithic, and Mastodon Distributions in Tennessee E. Breitburg and J. Broster . .................................................. 9 Eastern Clovis Adaptations in the Tennessee River Valley J. B. Broster, M. R. Norton, D. J. Stanford, C. V. Haynes, Jr., and M. A. Jodry ...............12 The Martins Creek Mastodon: A Paleoindian Butchery Site in Holmes County, Ohio N. Brush and F. Smith ........................................................14 Immunological Analysis of Flint Flakes from the Martins Creek Mastodon Site N. Brush, M. Newman, and F. Smith ..............................................16 Results of Blood Residue Analysis of a Late Paleoindian Projectile Point from Yellowstone National Park,
    [Show full text]
  • Deer from Late Miocene to Pleistocene of Western Palearctic: Matching Fossil Record and Molecular Phylogeny Data
    Zitteliana B 32 (2014) 115 Deer from Late Miocene to Pleistocene of Western Palearctic: matching fossil record and molecular phylogeny data Roman Croitor Zitteliana B 32, 115 – 153 München, 31.12.2014 Institute of Cultural Heritage, Academy of Sciences of Moldova, Bd. Stefan Cel Mare 1, Md-2028, Chisinau, Moldova; Manuscript received 02.06.2014; revision E-mail: [email protected] accepted 11.11.2014 ISSN 1612 - 4138 Abstract This article proposes a brief overview of opinions on cervid systematics and phylogeny, as well as some unresolved taxonomical issues, morphology and systematics of the most important or little known mainland cervid genera and species from Late Miocene and Plio-Pleistocene of Western Eurasia and from Late Pleistocene and Holocene of North Africa. The Late Miocene genera Cervavitus and Pliocervus from Western Eurasia are included in the subfamily Capreolinae. A cervid close to Cervavitus could be a direct forerunner of the modern genus Alces. The matching of results of molecular phylogeny and data from cervid paleontological record revealed the paleozoogeographical context of origin of modern cervid subfamilies. Subfamilies Capreolinae and Cervinae are regarded as two Late Miocene adaptive radiations within the Palearctic zoogeographic province and Eastern part of Oriental province respectively. The modern clade of Eurasian Capreolinae is significantly depleted due to climate shifts that repeatedly changed climate-geographic conditions of Northern Eurasia. The clade of Cervinae that evolved in stable subtropical conditions gave several later radiations (including the latest one with Cervus, Rusa, Panolia, and Hyelaphus) and remains generally intact until present days. During Plio-Pleistocene, cervines repeatedly dispersed in Palearctic part of Eurasia, however many of those lineages have become extinct.
    [Show full text]
  • Early and Middle Pleistocene Elk (Alcinae JERDON, 1874, Cervidae, Mammalia) from Poland
    Acta zoologica cracoviensia, 50A(1-2): 73-92, Kraków, 31 May, 2007 Early and Middle Pleistocene elk (Alcinae JERDON, 1874, Cervidae, Mammalia) from Poland Krzysztof STEFANIAK Received: 8 Jan., 2007 Accepted: 20 Feb., 2007 STEFANIAK K. 2007. Early and Middle Pleistocene elk (Alcinae JERDON, 1874, Cervidae, Mammalia) from Poland. Acta zoologica cracoviensia, 50A(1-2): 73-92. Abstract. Three alcine species: Cervalces carnutorum (LAUGEL, 1862), Cervalces lati- frons (JOHNSON, 1874) and Alces alces LINNAEUS, 1758, were found in Early and Middle Pleistocene sites in Poland. The morphology of the teeth and limb bone fragments of the Early Pleistocene C. carnutorum from ¯abia Cave and the Middle Pleistocene C. latifrons from the Kozi Grzbiet are described in relation to Eurasian representatives of the Alcinae. The size of C. carnutorum was larger than typical forms of the species from localities in W. Europe. C. carnutorum differed from the other elk in its feeding adaptations and diet, and was similar to other cervids, though it was fully adapted to living in wetlands. A single tooth from Kozi Grzbiet has a size and structure typical of C. latifrons which was wide- spread in Holarctic in the Middle Pleistocene. Key words: Alcinae, morphometry, palaeoecology, Lower and Middle Pleistocene, Poland. Krzysztof Stefaniak, Department of Palaeozoology, Zoological Institute, University of Wroc³aw, Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335 Wroc³aw, Poland. E-mail: [email protected] I. INTRODUCTION This paper contains descriptions of elk remains from the Early Pleistocene deposits of ¯abia Cave and Middle Plesitocene deposits of the Kozi Grzbiet. Two species of Alcinae were found in these localities: Cervalces carnutorum and Cervalces latifrons.
    [Show full text]
  • Probable Cervical Vertebra of an Extinct Ice Age Elkmoose Dredged from the Inner Continental Shelf of Central New Jersey, USA
    Probable cervical vertebra of an extinct Ice Age elkmoose dredged from the inner continental shelf of central New Jersey, USA Martin A. Becker1, John A. Chamberlain Jr.2*, and Rebecca B. Chamberlain3 1. Department of Environmental Science, William Paterson University, Wayne, New Jersey 07470, USA 2. Department of Geology, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York 11210, USA, and Doctoral Program in Earth and Environmental Sciences, CUNY Graduate Center, New York, New York 10016, USA 3. Department of Biology, College of Staten Island, Staten Island, New York 10314, USA *Corresponding author <[email protected]> Date received 29 September 2009 ¶ Date accepted 11 January 2010 ABSTRACT Commercial shell-fishing activities off the central New Jersey coast recovered a single cervical vertebra probably belonging to the extinct elkmoose, Alces scotti. The specimen was discovered 40 km southeast of Manasquan Inlet in 40–45 m of water at approximate latitude 39° 45' N and longitude 73° 30' W. Radiocarbon dating yielded an age of 23 530 ± 170 years BP for the vertebra. This date is consistent with the known age range of this species and predates the migration of the modern moose Alces alces into northeastern North America from western North America and Eurasia. The discovery of Pleistocene terrestrial mammal fossils, such as this bone, on the submerged northeastern continental shelf reflects periglacial habitat shifts. These habitat shifts are the product of glacioeustatically controlled shoreline migration associated with the Wisconsinan glacial maximum. We interpret this vertebra as probably deriv- ing from an animal living in a tundra or taiga setting at a distance of 100 to 200 km from the southern edge of the Laurentide ice sheet.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of Animal Weapons
    The Evolution of Animal Weapons Douglas J. Emlen Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812; email: [email protected] Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. 2008. 39:387-413 Key Words First published online as a Review in Advance on animal diversity, sexual selection, male competition, horns, antlers, tusks September 2, 2008 The Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Abstract Systematics is online at ecolsys.annualreviews.org Males in many species invest substantially in structures that are used in com- This article's doi: bat with rivals over access to females. These weapons can attain extreme 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.39.110707.173 502 proportions and have diversified in form repeatedly. I review empirical lit- Copyright © 2008 by Annual Reviews. erature on the function and evolution of sexually selected weapons to clarify All rights reserved important unanswered questions for future research. Despite their many 1543-592X/08/1201-0387$20.00 shapes and sizes, and the multitude of habitats within which they function, animal weapons share many properties: They evolve when males are able to defend spatially restricted critical resources, they are typically the most variable morphological structures of these species, and this variation hon- estly reflects among-individual differences in body size or quality. What is not clear is how, or why, these weapons diverge in form. The potential for male competition to drive rapid divergence in weapon morphology remains one of the most exciting and understudied topics in sexual selection research today. 3*7 INTRODUCTION Sexual selection is credited with the evolution of nature's most extravagant structures, and these include showy male adornments that are attractive to females (ornaments) and an arsenal of outgrowths that function in male-male combat (weapons) (Darwin 1871).
    [Show full text]
  • Fossil Deer Fact Sheet
    Geology fact sheet: Deer Today six species of deer live wild in the UK. If you look hard enough, you can find them all somewhere in Norfolk. However, only Red Deer and Roe Deer are considered ‘native’ – having made it here without the help of us humans. Fallow Deer are generally considered an ‘introduced’ animal, as the Normans brought them th here in the 11 century. However, they used to roam the UK before an especially cold period in the last Ice Age wiped them out – so perhaps we should think of them as being ‘re-introduced’? If you were on Norfolk’s Deep History Coast half a million to a million years ago, you would have seen many more types of deer nibbling on the grass and munching on the leaves nearby. As well as familiar Red, Roe and Fallow Deer, there would have been Giant Deer, Bush- antlered Deer, Weighing Scale Elk, Robert’s Fallow Deer, and the unbelievable-looking Broad-fronted Moose. From around 60,000 years ago, during the colder periods of the Ice Age, Reindeer would have mingled with Woolly Mammoths on the Norfolk tundra! A size comparison of some of the deer that lived in Norfolk up to a million years ago. Giant Deer Formerly known as the ‘Irish Elk’, the name Giant Deer is now used for this group, as these animals were neither exclusively Irish, or closely related to living species of Elk! From DNA analysis, we now know that they were probably more closely related to Fallow Deer. Megaloceros giganteus, the largest species of Giant Deer stood over two metres (seven foot) at the shoulder and had the largest antlers of any deer.
    [Show full text]
  • NSF 03-021, Arctic Research in the United States
    This document has been archived. Out of Place Bones Beyond the Study of Prehistoric Subsistence This article was prepared Zooarcheologists specialize in old bones. inventorying all faunal species that are available in by Becky M. Saleeby, an Unlike paleontologists, who study fossil bones, the general site area, on either a year-round or a archeologist for the and physical anthropologists, who study human seasonal basis. However, sometimes after the anal- National Park Service. skeletal material, zooarcheologists study the ysis has begun, there can be surprises. Sometimes osteological refuse of long-past meals. Our exper- the fragments are “out of place,” or not what is tise is in identifying and analyzing discarded, usu- expected using modern faunal distribution maps. ally fragmentary, and often burnt skeletal remains These fragments may represent species that once of mammals, birds, fish, and shellfish excavated lived in an area but are now extinct or no longer from archeological sites. During excavation, these present within the region or species that were fragments are carefully retrieved, bagged, and brought into the site as the result of long-distance labeled with their exact site provenience, or place hunting forays or trade. In this review, the focus of origin within the site, before being brought will be on bones identified from archeological sites back to the lab. With some collections numbering throughout Alaska that are “out of place“ geo- upwards of 10,000 specimens, analysis can take graphically. It highlights some of the Pleistocene several months or even years. Frequently the goal megafauna—the big game animals—hunted by of zooarcheological or faunal analysis is to pro- the earliest Alaskans, as well as some species of vide a detailed picture of past human subsistence sea mammals—walrus, ringed seal, and polar practices.
    [Show full text]
  • Neurocranium Van Cervalces Gallicus Uit De Noordzee
    CRANIUM 26,1 - 2009 Een neurocranium van Cervalces gallicus uit de Noordzee Bjorn De Wilde Samenvatting schedel eland uit de Noordzee. Het stuk bevindt zich in de In 2007 werd een onvolledige van een opgevist Klaas Post De kenmerken ditneurocraniumleiden determinatieals C. De verzameling van (Urk). van tot een gallicus. komt met de basis het voorkomen de soort: geologische datering overeen verwachtingen op van van Vroeg-Pleistoceen. Summary skull The of the collection of In 2007 an incomplete moose was trawled from the North Sea. specimen makes part Klaas Post (Urk). The features of this neurocranium lead to an identification as C. gallicus. The geological dating based the of the Pleistocene. corresponds with the expectations on occurrence species: Early Inleiding Beschrijving vondst betreft dat In augustus 2007 werd door de Nederlandse De (fig. 1) een neurocranium kotter TH-43 een onvolledige schedel opgevist een recente breuk vertoont ter hoogte van de kleur in het deel van het Brits ContinentaalPlat dat in orbitalen. Het heeft een roestige bruine en fossilisatie. laatste af het vissersjargon bekend staat als de "Putten een hoge matevan Dit is te boven de Noord Hinder" (52°30'N-02°40'0), leiden van de hoge klank die het produceert hard wordt een aantal diepe geulen ten noorden van het wanneer er met een voorwerp op uitstekend lichtbaken de Noord Hinder. Het stuk kwam getikt. Het neurocranium is gecon- terecht in de collectie van Klaas Post (Urk, serveerd, met enkel kleine beschadigingen van collectienummer NO 4511), die mij er op attent recente oorsprong. De suturen zijn duidelijk zichtbaar.
    [Show full text]
  • The Earliest Alaskans and the Earliest Americans Theme Study
    :.J THE EARLIEST ALASKANS AND THE EARLIEST AMERICANS THEME STUDY -, by Brian T. Wygal Final Edition A THESIS Presented to the Department of Anthropology and the College of Arts and Sciences University of Alaska Anchorage in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Anthropology December 2003 1 l I THE EARLIEST ALASKANS AND THE 1 EARLIEST AMERICANS THEME STUDY 1 by_ 1 Brian T. Wygal 1 THESIS 1 1 1 j W~er4Jd~ William Workman, PhD 1 1 ACCEPTE . ) J December 2003 J ARLIS ~" J AlaskaReso~rces Library & Information Service Library Building, Suite 111 "/,. 3211 Providence Drive J Anchora@:e, AK 99508-4614" J Acknowledgments My graduate committee at the University of Alaska, Anchorage has been of special importance during the past two and a half years. Dr. William Workman's suggestions, directions to publications, and knowledge of Arctic archaeology provided indispensable insight to this research. Dr. Owen Mason also provided me with hard-to-find publications, and the understanding that geology, ecology, and site formation processes are fundamental when discussing archaeology. I must also thank Robert Gal with the Western Arctic National Parklands for providing his expertise on Paleoindian archaeology, lithic technology, and analysis, as well as laboratory and field methods. His project, the spatial and lithic analysis of the Last Day site, provided me with essential introductions to the software and techniques used in archaeological analysis. Dr. Becky Saleeby's efforts, from the beginning, have been most supportive. She provided me with the support and motivation to study Early Alaskans without restriction.
    [Show full text]