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Electoral Milestones for Indigenous Australians
Electoral milestones for Indigenous Australians Updated: 8 April 2019 Electoral milestones for Indigenous Australians Date Milestone Time Aboriginal society was governed by customary lore before handed down by the creative ancestral beings. memory Captain Cook claimed the eastern half of the 1770 Australian continent for Great Britain. The first fleet arrives in Botany Bay, beginning the British colonisation of Australia. The British 1788 government did not recognise or acknowledge traditional Aboriginal ownership of the land. British sovereignty extended to cover the whole of Australia – everyone born in Australia, including 1829 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, became a British subject by birth. First parliamentary elections in Australia (for New South Wales Legislative Council) were held. The 1843 right to vote was limited to men with a freehold valued at £200 or a householder paying rent of £20 per year. The Australian colonies become self governing – all adult (21 years) male British subjects were entitled to vote in South Australia from 1856, in Victoria from 1850 + 1857, New South Wales from 1858, and Tasmania from 1896 including Indigenous people. Queensland gained self-government in 1859 and Western Australia in 1890, but these colonies denied Indigenous people the vote. Queensland Elections Act excluded all Indigenous 1885 people from voting. Western Australian law denied the vote to 1893 Indigenous people. All adult females in South Australia, including 1895 Indigenous females, won the right to vote. Commonwealth Constitution came into effect, giving the newly-created Commonwealth Parliament the authority to pass federal voting laws. Section 41 prohibited the Commonwealth Parliament from 1901 denying federal voting rights to any individual who, at the time of the Commonwealth Parliament’s first law on federal voting (passed the following year), was entitled to vote in a state election. -
Māori and Aboriginal Women in the Public Eye
MĀORI AND ABORIGINAL WOMEN IN THE PUBLIC EYE REPRESENTING DIFFERENCE, 1950–2000 MĀORI AND ABORIGINAL WOMEN IN THE PUBLIC EYE REPRESENTING DIFFERENCE, 1950–2000 KAREN FOX THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY E PRESS E PRESS Published by ANU E Press The Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200, Australia Email: [email protected] This title is also available online at http://epress.anu.edu.au National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Author: Fox, Karen. Title: Māori and Aboriginal women in the public eye : representing difference, 1950-2000 / Karen Fox. ISBN: 9781921862618 (pbk.) 9781921862625 (ebook) Notes: Includes bibliographical references and index. Subjects: Women, Māori--New Zealand--History. Women, Aboriginal Australian--Australia--History. Women, Māori--New Zealand--Social conditions. Women, Aboriginal Australian--Australia--Social conditions. Indigenous women--New Zealand--Public opinion. Indigenous women--Australia--Public opinion. Women in popular culture--New Zealand. Women in popular culture--Australia. Indigenous peoples in popular culture--New Zealand. Indigenous peoples in popular culture--Australia. Dewey Number: 305.4880099442 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Cover image: ‘Maori guide Rangi at Whakarewarewa, New Zealand, 1935’, PIC/8725/635 LOC Album 1056/D. National Library of Australia, Canberra. Cover design and layout by ANU E Press Printed by Griffin Press This edition © 2011 ANU E Press Contents Acknowledgements . vii Abbreviations . ix Illustrations . xi Glossary of Māori Words . xiii Note on Usage . xv Introduction . 1 Chapter One . -
The Political Representation of Ethnic and Racial Minorities Briefing
NSW PARLIAMENTARY LIBRARY RESEARCH SERVICE The Political Representation of Ethnic and Racial Minorities by Karina Anthony Briefing Paper 3/06 RELATED PUBLICATIONS • The Politics of Difference: The Political Representation of Ethnic and Racial Minorities by Gareth Griffith, NSW Parliamentary Library Briefing Paper No 029/95 • Electoral Systems and MMP in New Zealand by Gareth Griffith, NSW Parliamentary Library Occasional Paper No 4 (September 1996) ISSN 1325-4456 ISBN 0 7313 1794 7 March 2006 © 2006 Except to the extent of the uses permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means including information storage and retrieval systems, without the prior written consent from the Librarian, New South Wales Parliamentary Library, other than by Members of the New South Wales Parliament in the course of their official duties. The Political Representation of Ethnic and Racial Minorities by Karina Anthony NSW PARLIAMENTARY LIBRARY RESEARCH SERVICE David Clune (MA, PhD, Dip Lib), Manager..............................................(02) 9230 2484 Gareth Griffith (BSc (Econ) (Hons), LLB (Hons), PhD), Senior Research Officer, Politics and Government / Law .........................(02) 9230 2356 Karina Anthony (BA (Hons), LLB (Hons)), Research Officer, Law.........(02) 9230 2003 Talina Drabsch (BA, LLB (Hons)), Research Officer, Law ......................(02) 9230 2768 Lenny Roth (BCom, LLB), Research Officer, Law ...................................(02) 9230 3085 Stewart Smith -
Māori and Aboriginal Women in the Public Eye
MĀORI AND ABORIGINAL WOMEN IN THE PUBLIC EYE REPRESENTING DIFFERENCE, 1950–2000 MĀORI AND ABORIGINAL WOMEN IN THE PUBLIC EYE REPRESENTING DIFFERENCE, 1950–2000 KAREN FOX THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY E PRESS E PRESS Published by ANU E Press The Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200, Australia Email: [email protected] This title is also available online at http://epress.anu.edu.au National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Author: Fox, Karen. Title: Māori and Aboriginal women in the public eye : representing difference, 1950-2000 / Karen Fox. ISBN: 9781921862618 (pbk.) 9781921862625 (ebook) Notes: Includes bibliographical references and index. Subjects: Women, Māori--New Zealand--History. Women, Aboriginal Australian--Australia--History. Women, Māori--New Zealand--Social conditions. Women, Aboriginal Australian--Australia--Social conditions. Indigenous women--New Zealand--Public opinion. Indigenous women--Australia--Public opinion. Women in popular culture--New Zealand. Women in popular culture--Australia. Indigenous peoples in popular culture--New Zealand. Indigenous peoples in popular culture--Australia. Dewey Number: 305.4880099442 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Cover image: ‘Maori guide Rangi at Whakarewarewa, New Zealand, 1935’, PIC/8725/635 LOC Album 1056/D. National Library of Australia, Canberra. Cover design and layout by ANU E Press Printed by Griffin Press This edition © 2011 ANU E Press Contents Acknowledgements . vii Abbreviations . ix Illustrations . xi Glossary of Māori Words . xiii Note on Usage . xv Introduction . 1 Chapter One . -
Reconciling Indigenous and Settler-State Assertions of Sovereignty Over Sea Country in Australia’S Northern Territory
Reconciling Indigenous and Settler-State Assertions of Sovereignty Over Sea Country in Australia’s Northern Territory Lauren Butterly A thesis in fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Faculty of Law May 2020 i COPYRIGHT STATEMENT ‘I hereby grant the University of New South Wales or its agents a non-exclusive licence to archive and to make available (including to members of the public) my thesis or dissertation in whole or part in the University libraries in all forms of media, now or here after known. I acknowledge that I retain all intellectual property rights which subsist in my thesis or dissertation, such as copyright and patent rights, subject to applicable law. I also retain the right to use all or part of my thesis or dissertation in future works (such as articles or books).’ ‘For any substantial portions of copyright material used in this thesis, written permission for use has been obtained, or the copyright material is removed from the final public version of the thesis.’ Signed ……………………………………………........................... Date …………………………………………….............................. AUTHENTICITY STATEMENT ‘I certify that the Library deposit digital copy is a direct equivalent of the final officially approved version of my thesis.’ Signed ……………………………………………........................... Date …………………………………………….............................. Thesis/Dissertation Sheet Surname/Family Name : Butterly Given Name/s : Lauren Yvonne Abbreviation for degree as given in the University : PhD calendar Faculty : Law School : Law Reconciling Indigenous and Settler-State Assertions of Sovereignty Thesis Title : over Sea Country in Australia’s Northern Territory Abstract 350 words maximum: (PLEASE TYPE) In 2008, the High Court of Australia handed down its decision in Northern Territory v Arnhem Land Aboriginal Land Trust (‘Blue Mud Bay Case’). -
History of the Indigenous Vote
HISTORY OF THE History of the History of the Indigenous Vote Australian Electoral Commission PO Box 6172 Kingston ACT 2604 Printed August 2006 Printed by National Capital Printers Designed by Wild Digital ISBN 0-9775002-1-7 Inquiries to: Public Awareness Programs Section Australian Electoral Commission 02 6271 4553 © Commonwealth of Australia 2006 This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission from the Commonwealth. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to the Commonwealth Copyright Administration, Attorney General’s Department, Robert Garran Offices, National Circuit, Barton ACT 2600 or posted at http://www.ag.gov.au/cca ii AUSTRALIAN ELECTORAL COMMISSION CONTENTS Introduction 1 In the Beginning 2 New People and New Laws 3 Section 41 and a White Australian Commonwealth 5 The Vote at Last 7 Being Taken Seriously 9 The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission 11 The Torres Strait Regional Authority 12 Time Line - Indigenous voting rights and electoral events 13 Warning The AEC seeks to treat Indigenous cultures and beliefs with respect. To many communities it is distressful and offensive to depict persons who have died. Indigenous communities which may be offended are warned that this booklet does contain such images. iii History of the INDIGENOUS PARLIAMENTARIANS – STATE, TERRITORY AND FEDERAL SINCE 1971 Neville Bonner Hyacinth Tungutalum Eric Deeral Neville Perkins Senator for