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Peace in Northern Ireland Miracle (Almost) Achieved? CONTRIBUTORS British Politics Review Journal of the British Politics Society, Norway Volume 11 | No. 2 | Spring 2016 Peace in Northern Ireland Miracle (almost) achieved? CONTRIBUTORS Sophie Whiting • Peter McLoughlin • Fearghal McGarry • Arthur Aughey Eamonn O’Kane • Anne-Marie Forker • Kate Fearon • Jan Erik Mustad British Politics Review Editorial Volume 11 | No. 2 | Spring 2016 ISSN 1890-4505 “The War is over” is a phrase which has sometimes been used to describe the state of British Politics Review Northern Ireland, 10 years after St Andrews Northernof a new eraIreland in Northern after the BelfastIreland. (“Good With mostFriday”) political Agreement groups of now 1998 committed – the famous to With contributionsis a quarterly breakthrough in the so-called “peace process” which seemed to spell the beginnings journalfrom academic issued byand the journalistic British Politics sour Society, BritishNorway. Politics Review is aimed pursuing their political objectives by peaceful means only, it was finally possible to - set up institutions of self-government for Northern Ireland, based on that principle ces,political the developments in Britain. of “power sharing” which had first been put forward during the most intense phase at everyone with a general interest in of the “Troubles” in 1973. British Politics Society, Norway Yet the immediate years after1998 were difficult ones, marked by problems related lective agenda apart from raising the to the “decommissioning” of paramilitary arms, and repeated suspensions of the is politically neutral and has no col- devolved institutions. Following an incident known as “Stormontgate” in 2002 (which politics among the informed Norwe involved the discovery of an alleged IRA spy ring inside Stormont), direct rule from interestgian public. and knowledge of British London was again resumed, and the future of devolution to Northern Ireland would - remain in limbo until a new breakthrough was reached at St Andrew in Scotland in Editorial team 2006.running. St Andrews, however, provided the basis for a more stable arrangement for Øivind Bratberg [Editor] Northern Ireland, and since May 2007, the devolved institutions have been up and [Editor] This current issue of British Politics Review Atle L. Wold takes the lesser known St Andrews Kristin M. Haugevik [Associate Editor] Agreement as its point of departure. Why was it that St Andrews provided for more PostalHenry Allen address [Associate Editor] stable devolution to Northern Ireland than the Belfast Agreement had done? The P.O. Box 6 Blindern inclusion of the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) which had refused to take part in the talks leading up to 1998 has often been cited, but beyond that: what is the legacy of St Andrews, and what is the state of Northern Ireland today? EmailN-0313 Oslo, Norway Arthur Aughey looks at, precisely, the legacy of St Andrews, arguing that while devolution seems to be working, the story since 2006 has not been one of unmitigated success. Crucial for the peace process was the commitment made by the major [email protected] paramilitary organisations to give up the use of violence, and Eamonn O’Kane and Jan Erik Mustad look at the challenges facing the IRA and the Loyalists respectively, in the current climate of peace. A striking feature of the development since St Printwww.britishpoliticssociety.no Andrews has been the rise of Sinn Féin, both north and south of the border, and this issue is addressed by Sophie Whiting. Peter McLoughlin takes the pulse of Northern Irishaddressing society the per impact 2016, this with organisation a particular has focus had on on the politics Good in Friday Northern Generation, Ireland. the CoverReprosentralen, photo Oslo, Norway “Millenials”, while Kate Fearon looks at the Northern Ireland Women’s Coalition, Front page: View from Parliament Finally, 2016 also marks the centenary of an arguably far more famous event than Buildings at Stormont, Belfast, with Stand Andrews, the current the debates Easter surroundingRising of 1916, the andcommemorations Fearghal McGarry of the looksRising. at, both the the statue of Edward Carson (1854- rebellion itself, its lasting implications for politics in Ireland, both north and south, 1935). Carson, an Irish Unionist politi- cian, was a key advocate of exempting Atle L. Wold & Øivind Bratberg (editors) the six Ulster counties from the crea- Phototion ofby theRobert Irish Young. Free Downloadable State in from1921-22. https:// Contents en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_Buildings_(North- ern_Ireland)#/media/File:ViewfromStormont.jpg (Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 Generic). EamonnThe IRA O’Kanesince St Andrews: They (still) Manuscripts haven’t gone away, you know andNorthern disenfranchised Ireland in 2016: millennials centenaries pp. 11-12 British Politics Review welcomes arti Peterand forgotten McLoughlin decennials, elections Within a relatively broad framework, JanThe Erik remains Mustad of Loyalism. Can dissi- - Easter 1916 and the politics of pp. 3-4 dents spark a return to conflict? clesarea onset Britishfor each politics issue (announced and society, in commemoration Northern Ireland and Brexit pp. 13-14 preferablythe previous related issue andto theon ourthematic web Fearghal McGarry Anne-Marie Forker site). Please contact the editors at - pp. 5-6 The Northern Ireland Women’s pp. Coali 15-16 [email protected] ArthurReflections Aughey on the tenth anniversary of Kate Fearon - the St Andrews Agreement tion: incipience, influence and impact Please contact us at pp. 7-8 pp. 17-18 200 NOK pr year or visit our website. SophieMainstream Whiting or revolutionary? The Speech by the Taoiseach Enda Kenny at [email protected] politics of Sinn Féin in 2016 the launch of ‘The GPO: Witness History’ pp. 9-10 on 25 March 2016 pp. 19-20 2 British Politics Review Volume 11 | No. 2 | Spring 2016 By Peter McLoughlin Northern Ireland in 2016: centenaries and forgotten Even by Northern Ireland’s Agreementan agreement eight to yearsimplement earlier the was former the more accord historic in its standards,decennials, 2016 is electionsproving to and disenfranchisedmoment – the St. Andrew’s millennials deal essentially being be a politically eventful year – and we are not even halfway fullness. However, by finally bringing together the two through. Firstly, we have a double most polarised parties in Northern Ireland, Sinn Féin centenary – one commemoration andin our the peace DUP, process. and committing them to share political for each community, of course. power, St. Andrew’s was also an important milestone Nationalists have already marked Peter McLoughlin is a Lec- 100seen yearsas a seminalsince the moment Easter inRising the turer at Queen’s University againstemergence British of rulean inindependent Ireland – Belfast. His main research It could also be argued that this year’s Stormont interests are on Northern of two full and consecutive terms of parliament is Ireland and other divided election is a similar milestone – albeit a less obviously the Rising might also be seen as societies. He is author of John momentous marker. Firstly, the successful serving Irishimportant state. to theIronically, birth of Northernhowever, Hume and the Revision of Irish Nationalism (MUP: often seen as a yardstick in terms of democratic 2010). stabilisation. Secondly, this election came 18 years Ireland.staunchness Before of their the oppositionRising, Ulster to the prospect of Home after the Good Friday Agreement – not a particularly unionists had already shown the significant anniversary one might think, but one which meant that a number of young people born the same Rule for Ireland – that is the establishment of a Dublin year as our foundational peace settlement were able to parliament,and British allowingCrown. Thea measure radicalisation of self-government of nationalist for voteThis forparticular the first time.demographic could be seen as the the county, whilst remaining firmly under the Empire Ireland after the Rising, now struggling for a wholly first truly post-conflict electorate – ’the Good Friday independent republic, made any accommodation with Generation’ as a recent BBC Northern Ireland debate unionism even less likely. The prospect of partition and has dubbed them. And it seems like this cohort might be two Irish states was the likely and eventual outcome. having some impact in quickening the pace of political change and normalisation in Northern Ireland. Indeed, The second centenary of 2016, July’s memorial of the whilst the recent election results were largely similar Battle of the Somme, is the one Ulster unionists are to the last – thus recreating the basis for a government more likely to commemorate – though it should be noted again dominated by Sinn Féin and the DUP – there was that nearly as many southern Irishmen died fighting in tentative shifts. Firstly, the number of women in the British uniforms in WWI. However, it is the huge losses Assembly increased by 50% – starting from a low 20 ofcan Ulster’s be argued 36th that Division this episode at the madeSomme the in partition particular of members, but importantly rising to 30. Secondly, the thatIreland are and most creation remembered of a northern by unionists. state allAnd the again more it Greens were the party which saw the largest increase in their vote, helping double their representation to two seats. Meanwhile, the People before Profit Alliance also likely. Unionists could now favourably compare their gainedBelfast. twoThese seats, two includingparties
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