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March 2014 BROGBOROUGH WIND ENERGY DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT VOLUME TWO ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT MAIN TEXT FCC Environment Ltd [3512084A] [Final] Brogborough Wind Energy Development - Environmental Statement Volume 2 – Main Text Prepared for FCC Environment Ltd Ground Floor West 900 Pavillion Drive Northampton NN4 7RG Prepared by Parsons Brinckerhoff Amber Court William Armstrong Drive Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 7YQ 0191 226 2501 www.pbworld.com Brogborough Wind Energy Development - Environmental Statement CONTENTS Page Introduction 11 1 Introduction 13 1.1 Purpose of the Environmental Statement 13 1.2 The Developer 13 1.3 The Consultant 13 1.4 The Project 14 1.5 Scoping 15 1.6 The Environmental Statement 15 1.7 Copies of the ES 16 1.8 Consultations 16 1.9 Cumulative Impact Assessment 17 Need For And Benefits Of The Project 19 2 Needs For and Benefits Of The Project 21 2.1 Overview 21 2.2 Climate Change 21 2.3 Tackling Climate Change 22 2.4 European Climate Change Programme 22 2.5 UK Climate Change Programme 23 2.6 Renewables Obligation and Renewables Targets 23 2.7 Climate Change within Local Planning Policy 25 2.8 Renewable Energy in the UK 25 2.9 Wind Energy in the UK 26 2.10 Additional Benefits of the Proposed Development 26 2.11 Economic Benefits 26 2.12 Power Supply Benefits 27 2.13 Environmental Benefits 28 Planning Policy 31 3 Planning Policy 33 3.1 Introduction 33 3.2 The Plan-Led System 33 3.3 The National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) 33 3.4 Meeting National Planning Guidance 38 3.5 Meeting the challenge of climate change, flooding and coastal change 38 3.6 Building a strong, competitive economy 38 3.7 Conserving and enhancing the natural environment 38 3.8 Conserving and enhancing the historic environment 38 3.9 Requiring good design 39 3.10 Local Planning Policy 39 3.11 The Local Development Framework (LDF) 39 3.12 Core Strategy 39 Brogborough Wind Energy - ES Volume Two.docx Prepared by Parsons Brinckerhoff March 2014 for FCC Environment Ltd - 5 - Brogborough Wind Energy Development - Environmental Statement 3.13 Relevant CSDMP Policies 40 3.14 Summary 45 The Site 47 4 The Site 49 4.1 Site Description 49 4.2 Site Location 49 The Proposed Development 53 5 The Proposed Development 55 5.1 Introduction 55 5.2 Project Layout 56 5.3 Turbine Operation 58 5.4 Turbine Safety 59 5.5 Control Building 59 5.6 Vehicular Access 60 5.7 Electrical Connection 60 5.8 Temporary Works 60 5.9 Construction 61 5.10 Operation and Maintenance 62 5.11 Decommissioning 63 5.12 Energy Balance 64 Socio-Economics, Tourism & Recreation 65 6 Socio-Economics, Tourism and Recreation 67 6.1 Summary 67 6.2 Introduction 68 6.3 Legislation 68 6.4 Assessment Methodology 68 6.5 Assessment Criteria 69 6.6 Baseline Conditions 69 6.7 Project Impacts 74 6.8 Impacts During Construction 75 6.9 Impacts During Operation 76 6.10 Impacts during Decommissioning 84 6.11 Residual Impacts 85 6.12 Assessment of Cumulative Impacts 85 Landscape and Visual Impact AssesSment 87 7 Landscape And Visual Impact Assessment 89 7.1 Introduction 89 7.2 Consultation 89 7.3 Assessment Methodology 91 7.4 Illustrative Tools 103 7.5 Policy Context & Baseline conditions 104 Brogborough Wind Energy - ES Volume Two.docx Prepared by Parsons Brinckerhoff March 2014 for FCC Environment Ltd - 6 - Brogborough Wind Energy Development - Environmental Statement 7.6 Landscape Baseline Conditions 113 7.7 Visual Baseline Conditions 115 7.8 Key Features of the Development 116 7.9 Opportunities for Mitigation 117 7.10 Assessment of Landscape and Visual Effects 118 7.11 Potential Cumulative Landscape and Visual Effects 138 7.12 Conclusions 141 Ecology 145 8 Ecology and Ornithology 1 8.1 Introduction 1 8.2 Chapter Structure 1 8.3 Policy Context 1 8.4 Assessment Methodology & Significance Criteria 3 8.5 Bird Surveys 9 8.6 Great crested newt surveys 13 8.7 Identification and Evaluation of Ecological Receptors 14 8.8 Impact Assessment 15 8.9 Consultation 15 8.10 Baseline Conditions 16 8.11 Designated Sites 17 8.12 Habitats Overview 18 8.13 Birds 26 8.14 Badgers 32 8.15 Amphibians 33 8.16 Reptiles 34 8.17 Other species 34 8.18 Evaluation Summary 34 8.19 Potential Impacts 35 8.20 Mitigation and Monitoring 44 8.21 Residual Impacts 47 8.22 Cumulative Effects 48 8.23 Summary & Conclusions 48 Cultural Heritage and Archaeology 49 9 Cultural Heritage and Archaeology 51 9.1 Introduction 51 9.2 Legislation 51 9.3 Planning and Guidance 53 9.4 Approach and Methodology 54 9.5 Evaluating the Cultural Heritage Resource 55 9.6 Magnitude of Potential impact (Degree of change) 56 9.7 Baseline Conditions 59 9.8 Potential Effects 65 Brogborough Wind Energy - ES Volume Two.docx Prepared by Parsons Brinckerhoff March 2014 for FCC Environment Ltd - 7 - Brogborough Wind Energy Development - Environmental Statement 9.9 Conclusions 69 Aviation 71 10 Aviation 73 10.1 Introduction 73 10.2 Potential Impacts 73 10.3 Consultation and Impact Assessment 75 10.4 Conclusion 76 Telecomunications 77 11 Telecomunications 79 11.1 Summary 79 11.2 Introduction 79 11.3 Reflection and Scattering 80 11.4 Emissions 80 11.5 Methodology and Assessment 81 11.6 Micro-siting 82 11.7 Assessment Criteria 82 11.8 Baseline Conditions 82 11.9 Impact Assessment 83 11.10 Mitigation 86 Geology, Hydrology & Hydrogeology 89 12 Geology, Hydrology & Hydrogeology 91 12.1 Summary 91 12.2 Introduction 91 12.3 Legislation, Policy and Best Practice 92 12.4 Assessment Methodology 92 12.5 Assessment Criteria 93 12.6 Baseline Conditions 96 12.7 Impact Assessment 102 12.8 Mitigation 105 12.9 Residual Impacts 108 Noise 111 13 Noise 113 13.1 Summary 113 13.2 Legislation, Policy and Good Practice 114 13.3 Assessment Methodology 116 13.4 Baseline Conditions 122 13.5 Assessment of Operational Noise Levels 124 13.6 Assessment of Cumulative Wind Farm Noise 125 13.7 Construction / Decommissioning Noise Impact Assessment 125 13.8 Conclusions 128 Brogborough Wind Energy - ES Volume Two.docx Prepared by Parsons Brinckerhoff March 2014 for FCC Environment Ltd - 8 - Brogborough Wind Energy Development - Environmental Statement Air Quality 129 14 Air Quality 131 14.1 Summary 131 14.2 Introduction 131 14.3 Local Air Quality 131 14.4 National and Global Air Quality 133 Shadow Flicker 139 15 Shadow Flicker 141 15.1 Summary 141 15.2 Introduction 141 15.3 Methodology 142 15.4 Factors considered by numerical modelling 142 15.5 Results 144 15.6 Mitigation 147 15.7 Glinting 147 15.8 Photosensitive epilepsy 147 15.9 Conclusion 148 Safety 149 16 Safety 151 16.1 Summary 151 16.2 Introduction 151 16.3 Construction 151 16.4 Operation 152 16.5 Decommissioning 155 16.6 157 Traffic and Infrastructure 157 17 Traffic and Infrastructure 159 17.1 Summary 159 17.2 Introduction 159 17.3 Legislation 160 17.4 Assessment Methodology 160 17.5 Significance Criteria 160 17.6 Baseline Conditions and Receptors 160 17.7 Vehicle Trip Generation 161 17.8 Potential Impacts 165 17.9 Mitigation and Management Methods 167 17.10 Residual Impacts 169 Monitoring and Mitigation 171 18 Monitoring and Mitigation 173 18.1 Summary 173 Brogborough Wind Energy - ES Volume Two.docx Prepared by Parsons Brinckerhoff March 2014 for FCC Environment Ltd - 9 - Brogborough Wind Energy Development - Environmental Statement 18.2 Landscape and Visual Impact 173 18.3 Air Quality 173 18.4 Geology, Hydrogeology and Hydrology 174 18.5 Ecology 176 18.6 Ornithology 177 18.7 Cultural Heritage 179 18.8 Noise 179 18.9 Socio-Economics / Tourism and Recreation 179 18.10 Safety 180 18.11 Shadow Flicker 180 18.12 Telecommunications 180 18.13 Aviation and Radar 180 18.14 Traffic and Infrastructure 181 Brogborough Wind Energy - ES Volume Two.docx Prepared by Parsons Brinckerhoff March 2014 for FCC Environment Ltd - 10 - Brogborough Wind Energy Development - Environmental Statement SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION Brogborough Wind Energy - ES Volume Two.docx Prepared by Parsons Brinckerhoff March 2014 for FCC Environment Ltd - 11 - Brogborough Wind Energy Development - Environmental Statement 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Purpose of the Environmental Statement 1.1.1 This Environmental Statement (ES) has been prepared by Parsons Brinckerhoff Limited on behalf of FCC Environment Limited (FCC). It is submitted in support of a planning application for a Wind Energy Development, to be located on the perimeter of Brogborough Landfill Site in Central Bedfordshire. 1.1.2 The Wind Energy Development will comprise six wind turbines, together with associated access roads, control building, and transformers. The proposed Wind Energy Development will be located entirely within an area of land currently owned by FCC on the perimeter of the (now closed) Brogborough Landfill Site. The turbines will not be sited directly on the landfill site or in waste deposits. 1.1.3 A site location plan is shown in Figure 1.1 of Volume 3 of this ES. 1.1.4 This ES constitutes the results of a comprehensive study of the potential environmental impacts of the proposed Wind Energy Development on its location and provides details of the proposed mitigation measures to minimise any adverse environmental impacts. 1.2 The Developer 1.2.1 The Wind Energy Development is being proposed by FCC Environment Ltd. FCC is one of the UKs leading waste management services companies, who provide a range of cost and environmentally effective processing, recycling, disposal and energy recovery services for local authorities and private customers.
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