Wendy Red Star Contemporary Native

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Wendy Red Star Contemporary Native 1 Fall/Winter 2016, Vol. 25 - Text & Image: Mining Traditions from Hogarth to Spiegelman Cover Scan_32.tif - featuring rubbing from 3d print derived from Joseph Lupo’s, “A DRUNK.” 2016, CMYK Silkscreen, 8” x 8” 2 Morgan Price President Jonathan McFadden VICE PRESIDENT Tracy Templeton 2nd VICE PRESIDENT Breanne Trammell SECRETARY Tonja Torgerson TREASURER Edie Overturf Member at Large Nick Santinover Member at Large 3 16 Joseph Lupo John Peña + Daily Geology Multi-disciplinary artist John Peña of Pittsburgh, PA is author of Daily Geology, an autobiograpical comic featuring a pithy and brutally honest look at the absurdity and splendor of the lived experience. 24 Brendan Baylor Wendy Red Star Brendan Baylor reviews Wendy Red Star’s fascinating works from the exhibition Contemporary Native Photographers and the Edward Curtis Legacy at the Portland Art Museum. This collection of works commenting on colonial gaze utilizes repurposed historical documentation transformed through collage, drawing, audio sampling, and other techniques. 32 Abbey Kleinert Acts of Hope “It’s hard to know what to do with messages of violence and fear,” writes Kleinert in response to a contemporary climate of injustice and miscommunication. Called to action by the wisdom of the screenprinting Nun, Corita Kent, and the shooting of PhiLando CastiLe, KLeinert worked collaboratively with a fellow graphic design graduate student to create a visual response to violence that considers context, color, texture, and transparency. 38 Ashton Ludden “CCD”, copper engraving and aquatint with a la poupée, 9” x 7.75”, 2015 39 Rubén Villegas “The Original Sin”, Screenprint, 7”x9”, 2016 40 Ken Wood “Writ Large, I”, Relief, 44”x40”, 2016 41 Ashton Ludden “Reap the Benefts”, relief engraving and screenprint, 11”x14”, 2015 42 Amze Emmons Hacking the Archive Emmons’ eloquent musings on the graphic and photographic works of Glenn Ligon, Erica Baum, R.L. TiLLman, and Nate Larson & Marni ShindeLman inspire thoughtfuL consideration on the roLes of traditional printed media and digital means of communication in contemporary culture. 50 Joseph Lupo Interview with Christopher Sperandio Guest editor Joseph Lupo’s interview with Christopher Sperandio explores Sperandio’s process for creating comics like Pinko Joe, which combines his disappointment and anger “at the subversion of democracy by out-of-control capitalism” with his “love of old comics.” Sperandio emphasizes the importance of teaching effective communication, and the vital place that comics, as a medium that combines the use of images and text, plays in not only expressing ideas but in making us more receptive to the diverse world around us. 58 Ryan Standfest Chopped-Up Figures in Boxes with Shapes Coming Out of Their Mouths: Comic Strip Poetics Learning to draw through a study of comics and his daily dedication to craft, Standfest recounts the origin-story of his love for the comic in a voice so visceral, we wish to run to the nearest stack of comics and bury our face in that glorious scent of ink and old newspaper, gilded with breathtaking “miniature worlds” created through eloquent drawings and engaging narratives. 4 Morgan Price President Morgan Price received his BFA from the University of Denver and his MFA in Printmaking from Wichita State University. He is currently an assistant professor of art at Illinois State University and an Associate Director of Normal Editions Workshop. Prior to coming to Illinois State University he taught at the University of Denver, Metropolitan State University of Denver, and the Kendall College of Art and Design. Mr. Price displays work nationally and internationally and some of his recent activities include completing the Tamarind Institute of Lithography Summer Aluminum Plate Workshop, participating in the Jentel Artist Residency Program, and collaborating on a number of professional printing projects with Normal Editions Workshop. When not teaching or printing he can typically be found riding his bicycle, thrift shopping, or gloating over his extensive collection of vintage shirts. The spirit of generosity infusing the printmaking community is a constant inspiration to me. Artworks are traded, technical discoveries discussed, activities organized, and resources shared in a way that breeds friendship and camaraderie. The 2016 Conference in New Albany, IN and Louisville, KY showcased this marvelous attitude as printmakers from around the world convened for an extremely successful and collegial event. With the nation reeling from the conclusion of one of the most contentious and divisive presidential elections in recent history, attitudes of inclusiveness and magnanimity are all the more valuable. From the time E.C. Cunningham brought me to my first MAPC conference in 2002, this organization and its leadership have played significant roles in my development as an artist and educator. As I start my term as President I would like to extend special thanks to Nancy Palmeri and all the wonderful board members with whom I served over the last two years for their hard work, dedication, and generosity. I am excited to work with a new board and we will strive to continue the proud tradition of this organization. Finally, to the members, I extend my sincere appreciation for your enthusiastic involvement, commitment, and contribution to the art of printmaking. 5 Hannah March Sanders Managing Editor Hannah March Sanders is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Art and serves as the Area Head of Printmaking at Southeast Missouri State University. She is also the Letterpress Area Coordinator of Catapult Press an arts entrepreneur- ship venture, Catapult Creative House, in Cape Girardeau, MO. Hannah and her husband, Blake, operate orangebarrelindustries.com, an artist collaborative that organizes portfolio exchanges, exhibitions and other art events. She has exhibited work in group exhibitions across the globe in Estonia, Ireland, Japan, and New York. Recent solo and duo exhibition locations include University of St. Mary in Leavenworth, KS; College of the Sequoias in Visalia, CA; and the Gadsen Museum of Art in Gadsen, AL. This issue was an exciting start to our new Guest Editorship Program! Our inau- gural guest editor, Joseph Lupo, Associate Professor of Art and Graduate Studies Coordinator at West Virginia University, did a fantastic job of recruiting, curating, and editing submissions along with the rest of our team. We also welcomed Matt Hopson-Walker, Assistant Professor of Art and Foundations Coordinator at Uni- versity of South Alabama, on as a new Co-editor for the journal on a three-year term. We thank Kristine Joy-Mallari for her years of service as she takes a step back to focus on her many beautiful art projects! We began the Guest Editorship Program in our hopes to access a broader au- dience for each issue of the MAPC Journal, as well as to have a knowledgeable accomplice specific to each theme on board to curate content into an engaging collection of thoughts and images. Joe Lupo has been an amazing addition to our team for this issue. I am a huge fan of his visual work and gained even more respect for him through observation of his thoughtful process throughout the call and culling of this issue. Lastly, my gratitude goes to the outgoing MAPC Board, especially President Nan- cy Palmeri. No issue was too big or too small for Nancy to lend a hand, from visions of what MAPC is and could be to stuffing the tote bags the night before the recent conference in New Albany/Louisville began. I look forward to working with the next board and planning for what will be a fun conference in Wyoming 2018! Hope to see you all there! 6 Matthew hopson-walker co-Editor Born and raised in Fresno California, Matthew Hopson-Walker (proud owner of a very large rabbit) grew up reading comic books and dystopian science fiction novels. During a formative age he was exposed to movies such as Mad Max, To- tal Recall, Escape From New York, Blade Runner, and The Omega Man and many themes with in them show up in his work. After working as a janitor for several years he matriculated to the Kansas City Art Institute and received his BFA in Print- making in1998. After several years of playing in a heavy metal band and working at various liquor stores and bars, he then received his MA in 2002 followed by his MFA in 2003 both from the University of Iowa. In 2006 He was recipient of the James Phelan Award in Printmaking for given through the KALA Institute. Mat- thew Hopson-Walker is currently teaching printmaking and drawing at University of South Alabama. He has been included in over 100 juried and group exhibitions since 2006. I am very thankful for having been asked to co-edit the MAPC Journal. In part I agreed to do it because MAPC has always held a place dear to my heart, ever since my first conference at St. Cloud, Minnesota. I saw some amazing exhibitions, was inspired by the open portfolio, met some fantastic printmakers, and most importantly I got to hang out with many of my print heroes. The conversations that I got to be part of have stuck with me to this day. They changed who I was as a student, helped me develop as a printmaker, and informed who I am as an artist. Printmaking has such a vibrant center that the Journal both arises from and feeds back into. I couldn’t pass up the chance to get a peek at what is being thought, written, and made by my peers. The range of ideas I’ve seen in the Journal since I first joined the MAPC in 2000 has always impressed me and to finally be part of the discussion of the ever-expanding world of printmaking makes my year. 7 ANITA JUNG Co-Editor Anita Jung is one hell’a nasty woman and a professor at the University of Iowa.
Recommended publications
  • Wendy Red Star: Challenging Colonial Histories and Foregrounding the Impacts Of
    Wendy Red Star: Challenging Colonial Histories and Foregrounding the Impacts of Violence Against Indigenous Women Virginia Barrett Hellmann A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Bachelor of the Arts in Art History with Honors University of Colorado, Boulder Fall 2018 Committee: Annette de Stecher, Thesis Advisor, Art History Robert Nauman, Art History Diane Conlin, Classics 2 Acknowledgements I would like to thank Dr. Annette de Stecher for everything she contributed to this thesis process. From inspiring me in her lecture of Contemporary Indigenous Arts, to supplying endless wisdom and knowledge, to helping me refine my topic, and to contributing so many meaningful edits. This thesis never would have been written without her, so I would like to thank her for all of her support. I would also like to thank Drs. Robert Nauman and Diane Conlin for their contributions to this project, and for the amazing classes I took with them. They have taught me invaluable things about Art History, the field of museums, and the world in general. 3 Abstract In my thesis, Wendy Red Star: Challenging Colonial Histories and Foregrounding the Impact of Violence Against Indigenous Women, I analyze two of Red Star’s photographic series, Four Seasons and White Squaw. I argue that Red Star uses irony, humor, parody, and erasure to challenge stereotypes and misrepresentations of Indigenous lives. In Four Seasons, Red Star uses irony and humor to critique historically marginalized images in museum exhibitions, and the stereotypes created as a result of visions of empty land, ethnographic photography, and commercialization of Indigenous cultures.
    [Show full text]
  • First National Record of <I>Gracixalus Quangi</I>
    Biodiversity Data Journal 9: e67667 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.9.e67667 Taxonomic Paper First national record of Gracixalus quangi Rowley, Dau, Nguyen, Cao & Nguyen, 2011 and G. yunnanensis Yu, Li, Wang, Rao, Wu &Yang, 2019 (Amphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Thailand Sengvilay Lorphengsy‡,§, Tan Van Nguyen|, Nikolay A. Poyarkov¶,#, Yun-He Wu ¤, Parinya Pawangkhanant«, Supaporn Passorn‡, Jing Che ¤, Chatmongkon Suwannapoom« ‡ Division of Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand § The Biotechnology and Ecology Institute Ministry of Science and Technology, Vientiane, Laos | Department of Species Conservation, Save Vietnam’s Wildlife,, Ninh Binh, Vietnam ¶ Faculty of Biology, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Moscow, Russia # Laboratory of Tropical Ecology, Joint Russian-Vietnamese Tropical Research and Technological Center, Hanoi, Vietnam ¤ State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China « Division of Fishery, School of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand Corresponding author: Chatmongkon Suwannapoom ([email protected]) Academic editor: Truong Nguyen Received: 20 Apr 2021 | Accepted: 25 May 2021 | Published: 28 May 2021 Citation: Lorphengsy S, Nguyen TV, Poyarkov NA, Wu Y-H, Pawangkhanant P, Passorn S, Che J, Suwannapoom C (2021) First national record of Gracixalus quangi Rowley, Dau, Nguyen, Cao & Nguyen, 2011 and G. yunnanensis Yu, Li, Wang, Rao, Wu &Yang, 2019 (Amphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Thailand. Biodiversity Data Journal 9: e67667. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e67667 Abstract Background The bushfrog genus Gracixalus Delorme, Dubois, Grosjean & Ohler, 2005 is found in southern and south-western China, Vietnam, Laos, Thailand and Myanmar.
    [Show full text]
  • UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA Los Angeles the Red Star State
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles The Red Star State: State-Capitalism, Socialism, and Black Internationalism in Ghana, 1957-1966 A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in History by Kwadwo Osei-Opare © Copyright by Kwadwo Osei-Opare The Red Star State: State-Capitalism, Socialism, and Black Internationalism in Ghana, 1957-1966 by Kwadwo Osei-Opare Doctor of Philosophy in History University of California, Los Angeles, 2019 Professor Andrew Apter, Chair The Red Star State charts a new history of global capitalism and socialism in relation to Ghana and Ghana’s first postcolonial leader, Kwame Nkrumah. By tracing how Soviet connections shaped Ghana’s post-colonial economic ideologies, its Pan-African program, and its modalities of citizenship, this dissertation contradicts literature that portrays African leaders as misguided political-economic theorists, ideologically inconsistent, or ignorant Marxist-Leninists. Rather, I argue that Nkrumah and Ghana’s postcolonial government actively formed new political economic ideologies by drawing from Lenin’s state-capitalist framework and the Soviet Economic Policy (NEP) to reconcile capitalist policies under a decolonial socialist umbrella. Moreover, I investigate how ordinary Africans—the working poor, party members, local and cabinet-level government officials, economic planners, and the informal sector—grappled with ii and reshaped the state’s role and duty to its citizens, conceptions of race, Ghana’s place within the Cold War, state-capitalism, and the functions of state-corporations. Consequently, The Red Star State attends both to the intricacies of local politics while tracing how global ideas and conceptions of socialism, citizenship, governmentality, capitalism, and decolonization impacted the first independent sub-Saharan African state.
    [Show full text]
  • Automation, 1962, Oil on Fiberboard, Signed Bottom Left, Hungary
    Questionable History August 22, 2016 - March 24, 2017 Introduction Museums present their knowledge to a wider public. But where does the information come from? Even when we are successful in establishing hard facts, we will always find different ways to inter- pret them and make them part of a larger history. Usually, museum exhibitions offer a single point of view, neatly printed on the in- formation label next to a display. As a result, most visitors are not aware of the discussions, disputes, fights and feuds behind even the simplest text sign. In this exhibition, we leave the traditional sin- gle-perspective approach behind by presenting multiple interpreta- tions of the same work, which can be true and contradictory at the same time. These interpretations are seperated on the following pages by a black line. The Wende Museum gives special thanks to Fiona Chalom for her generous loan 3 Ion Panteli-Stanciu (1901-1981), Great Constructions (The Building of the Palace Hall), 1959, oil on canvas, signed and dated lower right, Romania, Collection Fiona Chalom 4 Great Constructions (The Building of the Palace Hall) Currently used as a concert hall, the Bucharest landmark “Sala Palatu- lui” (Palace Hall) was built in 1959-60 as a conference center that hosted meetings of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, the World Congress on Population, and the World Congress on Energy, to name a few. By depicting the colorful and busy construction site, Pante- li-Stanciu’s painting expresses pride in the urban development program that contributed to the rise of Romania’s capital city as a political and cultural center of the Eastern bloc.
    [Show full text]
  • “Red Star Over the Third World” by Vijay Prashad
    ALSO BY VIJAY PRASHAD FROM LEFTWORD BOOKS No Free Left: The Futures of Indian Communism 2015 The Poorer Nations: A Possible History of the Global South. 2013 Arab Spring, Libyan Winter. 2012 The Darker Nations: A Biography of the Short-Lived Third World. 2009 Namaste Sharon: Hindutva and Sharonism Under US Hegemony. 2003 War Against the Planet: The Fifth Afghan War, Imperialism and Other Assorted Fundamentalisms. 2002 Enron Blowout: Corporate Capitalism and Theft of the Global Commons, co-authored with Prabir Purkayastha. 2002 Dispatches from the Arab Spring: Understanding the New Middle East, co-edited with Paul Amar. 2013 Dispatches from Pakistan, co-edited with Madiha R. Tahir and Qalandar Bux Memon. 2012 Dispatches from Latin America: Experiments Against Neoliberalism, co-edited with Teo Balvé. 2006 OTHER TITLES BY VIJAY PRASHAD Uncle Swami: South Asians in America Today. 2012 Keeping Up with the Dow Joneses: Stocks, Jails, Welfare. 2003 The American Scheme: Three Essays. 2002 Everybody Was Kung Fu Fighting: Afro-Asian Connections and the Myth of Cultural Purity. 2002 Fat Cats and Running Dogs: The Enron Stage of Capitalism. 2002 The Karma of Brown Folk. 2000 Untouchable Freedom: A Social History of a Dalit Community. 1999 First published in November 2017 E-book published in December 2017 LeftWord Books 2254/2A Shadi Khampur New Ranjit Nagar New Delhi 110008 INDIA LeftWord Books is the publishing division of Naya Rasta Publishers Pvt. Ltd. leftword.com © Vijay Prashad, 2017 Front cover: Bolshevik Poster in Russian and Arabic Characters for the Peoples of the East: ‘Proletarians of All Countries, Unite!’, reproduced from Albert Rhys Williams, Through the Russian Revolution, New York: Boni and Liveright Publishers, 1921 Sources for images, as well as references for any part of this book are available upon request.
    [Show full text]
  • Representations of Unity in Soviet Symbolism
    UC Santa Barbara UC Santa Barbara Previously Published Works Title Soiuz and Symbolic Union: Representations of Unity in Soviet Symbolism Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6mk5f6c8 Author Platoff, Anne M. Publication Date 2020 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Representations of Unity in Soviet Symbolism 23 Soiuz and Symbolic Union: Representations of Unity in Soviet Symbolism Anne M. Platoff Abstract “Soiuz”1 in Russian means “union”—a key word in the formal name of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Once the world’s largest state, the Soviet Union comprised 15 republics and more than 100 distinct ethnic groups. The country celebrated its diversity while at the same time emphasizing the unity of all Soviet peoples. Throughout the 1922–1991 history of the USSR a highly- developed system of symbolic representations was used to portray the strength of the union. For example, the state emblem visually bound the Soviet repub- lics to the state through a heraldic ribbon using all the titular languages of the republics. Likewise, the national anthem celebrated the “unbreakable union of free republics”. The Soviet symbol set also included unique, but visually unifying, symbols to represent the 15 union republics—their flags, emblems, and anthems. There were also flags for the autonomous republics within these union republics, based upon the republic flags. In addition to the symbolic portrayal of the cohesiveness of the Soviet Union, there were two other types of “unions” that were vital to Soviet symbolism—the unity of workers and peasants, as well as the brotherhood of all the world’s communists.
    [Show full text]
  • The Fall of the Second Polish Republic
    Georgia Southern University Digital Commons@Georgia Southern Electronic Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies, Jack N. Averitt College of Summer 2013 Drugi Potop: The Fall of the Second Polish Republic Wesley Kent Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/etd Part of the Diplomatic History Commons, European History Commons, Military History Commons, and the Political History Commons Recommended Citation Kent, Wesley, "Drugi Potop: The Fall of the Second Polish Republic" (2013). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 851. https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/851 This thesis (open access) is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies, Jack N. Averitt College of at Digital Commons@Georgia Southern. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons@Georgia Southern. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 1 DRUGI POTOP: THE FALL OF THE SECOND POLISH REPUBLIC by Wesley Kent (Under the Direction of John W. Steinberg) ABSTRACT This thesis seeks to examine the factors that resulted in the fall of the Second Polish Republic and track its downward trajectory. Examining the Second Republic, from its creation in 1918 to its loss of recognition in 1945, reveals that its demise began long before German tanks violated Poland’s frontiers on 1 September, 1939. Commencing with the competing ideas of what a Polish state would be and continuing through the political and foreign policy developments of the inter-war years, a pattern begins to emerge - that of the Poles’ search for their place in modern Europe. The lead up to the Second World War and the invasion of Poland by the German-Soviet Alliance demonstrates the failure of the Poles to achieve that place.
    [Show full text]
  • Teacher's Guide Produced and Distributed By
    Cold War Teacher’s Guide Produced and Distributed by: www.MediaRichLearning.com AMERICA IN THE 20TH CENTURY: THE COLD WAR TEACHER’S GUIDE TABLE OF CONTENTS Materials in Unit .................................................... 3 Introduction to the Series .................................................... 3 Introduction to the Program .................................................... 3 Standards .................................................... 6 Instructional Notes .................................................... 7 Suggested Instructional Procedures .................................................... 7 Student Objectives .................................................... 7 Follow-Up Activities .................................................... 8 Answer Key .................................................... 10 Script of Video Narration .................................................... 17 Blackline Masters .................................................... 45 Media Rich Learning .................................................... 72 PAGE 2 OF 105 MEDIA RICH LEARNING AMERICA IN THE 20TH CENTURY: THE COLD WAR Materials in the Unit • The video program The Cold War • Teachers Guide This teacher's guide has been prepared to aid the teacher in utilizing materials contained within this program. In addition to this introductory material, the guide contains suggested instructional procedures for the lesson, answer keys for the activity sheets, and follow-up activities and projects for the lesson. • Blackline Masters Included
    [Show full text]
  • Impact Glasses from Belize Represent Tektites from the Pleistocene
    ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-021-00155-1 OPEN Impact glasses from Belize represent tektites from the Pleistocene Pantasma impact crater in Nicaragua ✉ Pierre Rochette1 , Pierre Beck2, Martin Bizzarro3, Régis Braucher 1, Jean Cornec4, Vinciane Debaille5, Bertrand Devouard 1, Jérôme Gattacceca1, Fred Jourdan 6, Fabien Moustard1,10, Frédéric Moynier7, Sébastien Nomade 8 & Bruno Reynard 9 Tektites are terrestrial impact-generated glasses that are ejected long distance (up to 11,000 km), share unique characteristics and have a poorly understood formation process. Only four 1234567890():,; tektite strewn-fields are known, and three of them are sourced from known impact craters. Here we show that the recently discovered Pantasma impact crater (14 km diameter) in Nicaragua is the source of an impact glass strewn-field documented in Belize 530 km away. Their cogenesis is documented by coincidental ages, at 804 ± 9 ka, as well as consistent elemental compositions and isotopic ratios. The Belize impact glass share many character- istics with known tektites but also present several peculiar features. We propose that these glasses represent a previously unrecognized tektite strewn-field. These discoveries shed new light on the tektite formation process, which may be more common than previously claimed, as most known Pleistocene >10 km diameter cratering events have generated tektites. 1 Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, UM 34 CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France. 2 IPAG Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut de Planétologie et d’Astrophysique de Grenoble, Grenoble, France. 3 Centre for Star and Planet Formation, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. 4 Geologist, Denver, USA. 5 Laboratoire G-Time, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
    [Show full text]
  • Halting the Revolution: Poland and the “Miracle at the Vistula”
    Constructing the Past Volume 16 Issue 1 Article 4 May 2015 Halting the Revolution: Poland and the “Miracle at the Vistula” Ziven K. Chinburg Illinois Wesleyan University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/constructing Recommended Citation Chinburg, Ziven K. (2015) "Halting the Revolution: Poland and the “Miracle at the Vistula”," Constructing the Past: Vol. 16 : Iss. 1 , Article 4. Available at: https://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/constructing/vol16/iss1/4 This Article is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Commons @ IWU with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this material in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This material has been accepted for inclusion by editorial board of the Undergraduate Economic Review and the Economics Department at Illinois Wesleyan University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ©Copyright is owned by the author of this document. Halting the Revolution: Poland and the “Miracle at the Vistula” Abstract This paper is principally concerned with explaining the causes, course, and outcome of the Polish-Soviet War of 1919-1921. It provides a background of the reasoning behind both camps’ geo-political motivations leading up to the conflict. Although the background of the conflict is largely explored by this paper, some basic understanding of the situation is assumed.
    [Show full text]
  • The White Poles and Wrangel April – November 1920
    The White Poles and Wrangel April – November 1920 “. Раз дело дошло до войны, все интересы страны и ее внутренняя жизнь должны быть подчинены войне.” “. Before the matter of the war is finished, all interests of the country and internal considerations must be subordinated to the war.” 55 Map 9 The White Poles and Wrangel // April – November 1920 Colored Lithographic print, 64 x 101 cm. Compilers: A. N. de-Lazari and N. N. Lesevitskii Artist: A. A. Baranov Historical Background As the title of the map indicates, the Soviets maintained that the Poles and the counterrevolutionary White forces operated as allies. Though possessing more or less the same goal, that of defeating the Bolsheviks, the two sides pursued different agendas, as well as withheld military and political assistance from each other, thus foregoing mutual victory. The most salient features of the map are the application of the colors red and white, as well as the use of pho- tomontage. Red and white, in their variations of density, shading, and force, give the illusion of having been applied in broad brushstrokes of watercolor. Russia is engulfed by an imaginary fireball, which originates near the attack of the Red Army on White positions in the Kuban, and spreads across the nation. The incorpo- ration of photographic cut-outs also gives the illusion that the map is a construction of multi-media. The pho- tographic images depict major protagonists of the period: Bolsheviks and their enemies. The chief antagonist to Bolshevik aims was Marshal Jozef Piłsudski, Poland’s Head-of-State, who is pictured on the Polish flag.
    [Show full text]
  • Neogene Hyperaridity in Arabia Drove the Directions of Mammalian Dispersal Between Africa and Eurasia
    ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-021-00158-y OPEN Neogene hyperaridity in Arabia drove the directions of mammalian dispersal between Africa and Eurasia ✉ Madelaine Böhme 1,2 , Nikolai Spassov3, Mahmoud Reza Majidifard4, Andreas Gärtner 5, Uwe Kirscher 1, Michael Marks1, Christian Dietzel1, Gregor Uhlig6, Haytham El Atfy 1,7, David R. Begun8 & Michael Winklhofer 9 The evolution of the present-day African savannah fauna has been substantially influenced by the dispersal of Eurasian ancestors into Africa. The ancestors evolved endemically, together 1234567890():,; with the autochthonous taxa, into extant Afrotropical clades during the last 5 million years. However, it is unclear why Eurasian ancestors moved into Africa. Here we use sedimento- logical observations and soluble salt geochemical analyses of samples from a sedimentary sequence in Western Iran to develop a 10-million-year long proxy record of Arabian climate. We identify transient periods of Arabian hyperaridity centred 8.75, 7.78, 7.50 and 6.25 million years ago, out-of-phase with Northern African aridity. We propose that this rela- tionship promoted unidirectional mammalian dispersals into Africa. This was followed by a sustained hyperarid period between 5.6 and 3.3 million years ago which impeded dispersals and allowed African mammalian faunas to endemically diversify into present-day clades. After this, the mid-Piacenzian warmth enabled bi-directional fauna exchange between Africa and Eurasia, which continued during the Pleistocene. 1 Department of Geosciences, Eberhard-Karls-University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. 2 Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, Tübingen, Germany. 3 National Museum of Natural History, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria.
    [Show full text]