P. R. CHINA JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO., JIIANGXI
Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized
JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD
Public Disclosure Authorized MANAGEMENT PROJECT
SUPPLEMENTARY EIA REPORT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
DRAFT FINAL
Public Disclosure Authorized
OCTOBER 2012
N° 3 11 0009 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTARY ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
TABLE OF CONTENT
1. INTRODUCTION ...... 1 1.1. JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT ...... 1 1.2. DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT AREA ...... 1 1.3. DESCRIPTION OF CHANGJIANG RIVER BASIN ...... 2 1.4. HYDROPOWER POTENTIAL OF CHANGJIANG RIVER BASIN ...... 2 1.5. POWER DEMAND OF JINGDEZHEN MUNICIPALITY ...... 3 1.6. CURRENT WATER RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT OF CHANGJIANG RIVER BASIN ...... 3 1.6.1. CURRENT DEVELOPMENT FOR MAIN STREAM OF CHANGJIANG RIVER (JIANGXI SECTION) ...... 3 1.6.2. CURRENT DEVELOPMENT FOR MAIN STREAM OF CHANGJIANG RIVER (ANHUI SECTION) ...... 6 1.6.3. CURRENT DEVELOPMENT FOR TRIBUTARIES OF CHANGJIANG RIVER ...... 7 1.7. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY ...... 9 1.8. METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY ...... 9 1.9. LAYOUT OF THE REPORT ...... 10
2. SCOPING OF STUDY AREA ...... 11 2.1. SPATIAL BOUNDARY FOR THE STUDY ...... 11 2.2. TEMPORAL BOUNDARY FOR THE STUDY ...... 13
3. ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE ...... 14 3.1. CATCHMENT CHARACTERISTICS ...... 14 3.2. CLIMATE AND RAINFALL ...... 15 3.3. FLOW PROFILE OF CHANGJIANG RIVER ...... 16 3.4. FLOODS IN CHANGJIANG RIVER BASIN ...... 19 3.5. GEOLOGY AND SOILS ...... 19 3.6. AQUATIC ECOLOGY ...... 20 3.7. TERRESTRIAL FLORA AND FAUNA ...... 21 3.8. WATER RESOURCE AND WATER USE ...... 23 3.9. WATER QUALITY ...... 23 3.10. GROUNDWATER ...... 24 3.11. SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE ...... 24 3.12. LAND USE PATTERN ...... 25 3.13. LIVELIHOOD OF THE AREA ...... 25
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE A JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTARY ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
3.14. FISHERY ...... 26 3.15. MINERAL RESOURCES ...... 27 3.16. WATER TRANSPORTATION ...... 28
4. RELEVANT SECTOR DEVELOPMENT PLANS ...... 29 4.1. INTRODUCTION ...... 29 4.2. DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF CHANGJIANG RIVER BASIN ...... 29 4.2.1. CASCADE DEVELOPMENT ...... 30 4.2.2. FLOOD CONTROL ...... 33 4.2.3. IRRIGATION ...... 33 4.2.4. RIVER NAVIGATION ...... 34 4.2.5. SOIL CONSERVATION ...... 34 4.3. JINGDEZHEN URBAN DEVELOPMENT MASTER PLAN (2008~2030) ...... 34 4.3.1. URBAN FLOOD CONTROL ...... 35 4.3.2. ENVIRONMENTAL FUNCTIONAL ZONING ...... 35 4.3.3. WATER SUPPLY ...... 35 4.3.4. WASTEWATER TREATMENT ...... 36 4.3.5. POWER SUPPLY ...... 36 4.3.6. RAILWAY ...... 36 4.3.7. WATER TRANSPORTATION ...... 37 4.4. SURFACE WATER (ENVIRONMENTAL) FUNCTIONAL ZONING OF JIANGXI PROVINCE ...... 37 4.5. FULIANG ECOLOGICAL COUNTY CONSTRUCTION PLAN (2007~2015) ...... 38 4.6. FISH-FARMING DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF JINGDEZHEN MUNICIPALITY ...... 39 4.7. MINERAL RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT MASTER PLAN OF JINGDEZHEN MUNICIPALITY (2008~2015) ...... 39 4.8. SUMMARY OF RELEVANT SECTOR DEVELOPMENT PLANS ...... 39
5. IDENTIFICATION OF KEY VECS ...... 42 5.1. IDENTIFICATION OF KEY VECS ...... 42 5.2. DEFINITION OF THRESHOLD VALUES FOR IDENTIFIED KEY VECS ...... 45 5.2.1. HYDRAULIC REGIME ...... 45 5.2.2. WATER QUALITY ...... 45 5.2.3. AQUATIC ECOLOGY ...... 46 5.2.4. DOWNSTREAM WATER USE ...... 47
6. ANALYSIS OF POTENTIAL CUMULATIVE IMPACTS ...... 48 6.1. INTRODUCTION ...... 48 6.2. HYDRAULIC REGIME ...... 49 6.2.1. INTRODUCTION ...... 49
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE B JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTARY ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
6.2.2. IMPACTS WITH ANNUAL REGULATION OF WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT ...... 49 6.2.3. IMPACTS WITH DAILY REGULATION OF WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT ...... 51 6.2.4. CONCLUSIONS ...... 51 6.3. DOWNSTREAM WATER USE ...... 52 6.4. WATER QUALITY ...... 54 6.4.1. WATER QUALITY OBJECTIVES OF STUDY AREA ...... 54 6.4.2. IMPACTS ON WATER QUALITY WITHIN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX ...... 57 6.4.3. IMPACTS OF WATER QUALITY IN THE STUDIED RIVER SECTION ...... 58 6.4.4. CONCLUSIONS ...... 61 6.5. AQUATIC ECOLOGY ...... 61 6.5.1. FACTORS RELATED TO THE IMPACTS OF CASCADE DEVELOPMENT ON AQUATIC ECOLOGY ...... 61 6.5.2. POSITIVE IMPACTS OF CASCADE DEVELOPMENT ON AQUATIC ECOLOGY ...... 64 6.5.3. NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF CASCADE DEVELOPMENT ON AQUATIC ECOLOGY ...... 65 6.5.4. CONCLUSIONS ...... 67
7. RECOMMENDATIONS OF MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 68 7.1. MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 68 7.2. STUDY ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT PLAN (CRMP)71 7.3. PHASE 2 CIA STUDY ...... 72 7.4. ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT ...... 75 7.5. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS AND CAPACITY BUILDING ...... 75
8. PUBLIC CONSULTATION ...... 77 8.1. OBJECTIVES OF PUBLIC CONSULTATION ...... 77 8.2. PROJECT STAKEHOLDER ...... 77 8.3. PROCESS OF PUBLIC CONSULTATION...... 78 8.4. KEY FINDINGS OF PUBLIC CONSULTATION ...... 79 8.4.1. PHASE 1: SITE VISIT AND INFORMATION COLLECTION ...... 79 8.4.2. PHASE 2: PUBLIC CONSULTATION MEETING ...... 80 8.4.3. PHASE 3: PUBLIC CONSULTATION FOR CIA ...... 81
9. CONCLUSIONS ...... 85
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE C JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTARY ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 1: DISTRIBUTION OF HYDROPOWER POTENTIAL IN CHANGJIANG RIVER BASIN IN JIANGXI PROVINCE ...... 2 TABLE 2: SUMMARY OF CONSTRUCTED/PLANNED CASCADE DEVELOPMENT FACILITIES ON THE MAINSTREAM OF CHANGJIANG RIVER IN JIANGXI PROVINCE ...... 3 TABLE 3: CURRENT DEVELOPMENT OF MAIN STREAM OF CHANGJIANG RIVER (ANHUI SECTION) ...... 6 TABLE 4: CURRENT DEVELOPMENT OF TRIBUTARIES OF CHANGJIANG RIVER ...... 7 TABLE 5: MAIN TRIBUTARIES OF CHANGJIANG RIVER ...... 14 TABLE 6: MONITORING RESULTS FROM EXISTING HYDROLOGIC STATIONS IN CHANGJIANG RIVER BASIN (2006- 2010) ...... 18 TABLE 7: RECORDS OF HISTORIC MAJOR FLOODS IN CHANGJIANG RIVER BASIN SINCE 1949 ...... 19 TABLE 8: WATER QUALITY MONITORING RESULTS OF CHANGJIANG RIVER FOR ORIGINAL EIA REPORT OF WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT (DECEMBER 2008) UNIT: MG/L ...... 23 TABLE 9: INCOME COMPOSITION OF JINGDEZHEN RESIDENTS (2009) ...... 25 TABLE 10: FISH CATCH IN JINGDEZHEN MUNICIPALITY (2000~2010) ...... 27 TABLE 11: KEY FEATURES FOR CASCADE DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF CHANGJIANG RIVER IN JIANGXI PROVINCE ...... 33 TABLE 12: CHANGJIANG RIVER NAVIGATION MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 34 TABLE 13: FUNCTIONAL ZONING OF WATER ENVIRONMENT ...... 35 TABLE 14: WTP PLANNING OF JINGDEZHEN MUNICIPALITY BY 2030 ...... 35 TABLE 15 : SUMMARY OF SECTOR DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES IN THE STUDY AREA OF CIA ...... 39 TABLE 16: SHORT-TERM (2020) AND LONG-TERM SCENARIOS (2030) OF FUTURE DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES FOR CIA STUDY ...... 41 TABLE 17: SCREENING OF CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS FOR CASCADE DEVELOPMENT OF CHANGJIANG RIVER MAIN STREAM (JIANGXI SECTION) ...... 44 TABLE 18: WATER QUALITY TARGETS OF DIFFERENT RIVER SECTIONS WITHIN STUDY AREA ...... 46 TABLE 19: COMPARISON OF CURRENT PROGRESS AND PLAN FOR CASCADE DEVELOPMENT OF CHANGJIANG RIVER MAIN STREAM IN JIANGXI PROVINCE ...... 48 TABLE 20: SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM DEVELOPMENT SCENARIOS FOR IMPACT ANALYSIS ...... 48 TABLE 21: WTP CAPACITY OF JINGDEZHEN MUNICIPALITY FOR SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM SCENARIO ...... 52 TABLE22: WATER USE DOWNSTREAM OF WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX (2020 SHORT-TERM SCENARIO) ...... 53 TABLE23: WATER USE DOWNSTREAM OF WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX (2030 LONG-TERM SCENARIO) ...... 53 TABLE 24: WATER QUALITY CLASSIFICATION IN STUDY AREA OF JINGDEZHEN MUNICIPALITY ...... 54 TABLE 25: PROJECTION OF INCOMING POLLUTANTS FROM DOMESTIC WASTEWATER FOR WUXIKOU HYDRO- COMPLEX ...... 57 TABLE 26: NON-POINT SOURCE POLLUTION FOR WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX (2020 AND 2030) ...... 57 TABLE 27: WATER QUALITY PROJECTION OF WUXIKOU RESERVOIR (2020 AND 2030) ...... 58 TABLE 28: LIST OF EXISTING WASTEWATER OUTFALLS ALONG CHANGJIANG RIVER ...... 59 TABLE29: AQUATIC HABITAT ANALYSIS OF CHANGJIANG RIVER BASED ON CURRENT CASCADE DEVELOPMENT .... 61 TABLE 30: AQUATIC HABITAT ANALYSIS OF CHANGJIANG RIVER BASED ON SHORT-TERM CASCADE DEVELOPMENT PLAN (2020 SCENARIO) ...... 62 TABLE 31: SUMMARY OF MITIGATION MEASURES AND RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATIONS ...... 69 TABLE 32: PROJECT STAKEHOLDERS AND THEIR CONCERNS ...... 77 TABLE 33: ENVIRONMENTAL PUBLIC CONSULTATION FOR WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT (BY JUNE 2012) . 78 TABLE 34: SOCIAL PUBLIC CONSULTATION FOR WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT (BY JUNE 2012) ...... 79 TABLE 35: SUMMARY OF SUPPLEMENTARY PUBLIC CONSULTATION MEETING RELATED TO POTENTIAL CUMULATIVE IMPACTS ...... 80 TABLE 36: RESULTS OF INTERVIEWS WITH RESIDENTS LIVING ALONG CHANGJIANG RIVER IN JUNE 2012 ...... 82
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE D JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTARY ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE 1: EXISTING CASCADE DEVELOPMENT FACILITIES ON THE MAIN STREAM OF CHANGJIANG RIVER IN JIANGXI PROVINCE ...... 5 FIGURE 2: AOXI HYDROPOWER STATION (DAOHU) IN QIMEN COUNTY, ANHUI PROVINCE ...... 7 FIGURE 3: CURRENT DEVELOPMENT OF CHANGJIANG RIVER BASIN ...... 8 FIGURE 4: SPATIAL SCOPE OF CIA STUDY ...... 12 FIGURE 5: CHANGJIANG RIVER BASIN ...... 15 FIGURE 6: LOCATIONS OF EXISTING HYDROLOGIC STATIONS IN CHANGJIANG RIVER BASIN ...... 17 FIGURE 7: RUNOFF DISTRIBUTION OF CHANGJIANG RIVER IN A YEAR (DUFENGKENG CROSS-SECTION) ...... 18 FIGURE 8: LOCATIONS OF KEY ECOLOGICAL PROTECTED AREAS IN CHANGJIANG RIVER BASIN ...... 22 FIGURE 9: FISH RECENTLY CAUGHT IN CHANGJIANG RIVER AND ARTIFICIAL FISH RELEASE ...... 26 FIGURE 10: CASCADE DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF CHANGJIANG RIVER IN JIANGXI PROVINCE (1993) ...... 31 FIGURE 11: PROFILE OF CHANGJIANG RIVER CASCADE DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR JIANGXI PROVINCE ...... 32 FIGURE 12: FUNCTIONAL ZONING OF CHANGJIANG RIVER ...... 38 FIGURE 13: ANNUAL VARIATION OF WATER LEVEL IN WUXIKOU RESERVOIR ...... 50 FIGURE 14: FLOW REGULATION OF WUXIKOU RESERVOIR COMPARED WITH NATURAL PROCESS ...... 51 FIGURE 15: WATER QUALITY FUNCTIONAL ZONING OF CHANGJIANG RIVER IN JINGDEZHEN MUNICIPALITY ...... 56 FIGURE 16: EXISTING JINGDEZHEN BREWERY AND ITS WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT ...... 60 FIGURE 17: SENSITIVE AREAS FOR THE PROTECTION OF LOCAL AQUATIC ECOLOGY ...... 63 FIGURE 18: PUBLIC CONSULTATION MEETING OF THE SUPPLEMENTARY ENVIRONMENT ASSESSMENT REPORT OF WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IN JIANGXI PROVINCE...... 80 FIGURE 19: PICTURE OF INTERVIEWS FOR CIA STUDY ...... 83
oOo
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE E JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT
Wuxikou Integrated Flood Management Project is a hydro-complex located in Fuliang County of Jingdezhen Municipality which is proposed with multi-functions: flood control, water supply and power generation. As early as in 1993, the project has already been proposed as part of the cascade development of Changjiang River in the Jiangxi Raohe River Basin Planning Report. It is situated on the main stream of Changjiang River, about 40km upstream of Jingdezhen Municipality. The reservoir is designed with the maximum dam height of 46.8m and the normal water level of 56m, which will provide the total storage capacity of 4.27*108m3 and is expected to improve the flood control standard of the city from the current level of 1 in 20 years to 1 in 50 years (return period).
The 15m3/s regulation flow of Wuxikou Hydro-complex in dry season will help to satisfy the short-term and long-term water demand of Jingdezhen Municipality and guarantee the industrial and agricultural water use for the midstream and downstream of Changjiang River.
The proposed Wuxikou hydro-complex will be installed with the power generation capacity of 32MW, which is expected to produce the electricity of 81GWh per year. The power generated by the project will feed the Jingdezhen Grid, directly benefiting consumers in the city.
The project implementation will involve the total land acquisition of 33008.9mu affecting 4423 households and 16104 people in 13 towns/townships of Fuliang County in the north of Jingdezhen City.
The total project cost is estimated at 3.18billion yuan. The project construction is planned to start in 2012, and the reservoir impoundment and power generation is expected since 2015.
1.2. DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT AREA
Wuxikou Integrated Flood Management Project is located in Luoxi Village of Fuliang County in the north of Jingdezhen Municipality as the 4th cascade water resource facilities on the main stream of Changjiang River in Jiangxi Province. The river has been developed mainly for water supply and navigation. The catchment area of the proposed Wuxikou Hydro-complex is 2931km2, which accounts for 47.1% of the whole river basin.
Jingdezhen Municipality is situated in the basin and mountainous area in the midstream of Changjiang River. It is named as one of four famous ancient towns in China and is well-known for its long history of porcelain manufacture. It covers a land area of 5262km2 with a total population of 1.54million people. In 2004, there is a population of 432,000 people in its urban area, which is expected to increase to 564,000 by the year of 2020. However, since the upper stream of Changjiang River is one of the storm centers in the northeast of Jiangxi Province, which makes the city suffering from frequent floods. Wuxikou hydro-complex project has been accordingly proposed for reliable flood control, water supply and power supply and subsequently sustainable economic development of Jingdezhen Municipality.
The inundated area of proposed Wuxikou hydro-complex includes 18 villages of 5 towns in Fuliang County along the river affecting a total population of 9680 people. Fuliang County has a
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 1 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
total land surface of 2851km2 which is mostly covered by hills and low mountains. Among its total population of 281,000 people, 80.50% of its population lives on agriculture.
The present study is undertaken to assess the direct as well as indirect impacts of restricted water flow in Changjiang River, particularly during dry season, on the riverine system and the water use of the downstream population.
1.3. DESCRIPTION OF CHANGJIANG RIVER BASIN
Raohe River is one of the five major rivers of Poyang Lake river system, and Changjiang River is one of the two major tributaries of Raohe River. After originating from Nanping Mountain in Qimen County of Anhui Province, the river is formally named as Changjiang River after being joined by Dabeishui River at Daohu, which is then joined successively by Yangchun River, Donghe River, Xihe River and Nanhe River until it finally converges with Le’an River into Raohe River at Yaogongdu in Poyang County. The total catchment area of Changjiang river basin is 6222km2, in which 30.8% falls in Anhui Province and the remaining in Jiangxi Province.
1.4. HYDROPOWER POTENTIAL OF CHANGJIANG RIVER BASIN
The theoretical hydraulic potential of Changjiang river basin is 146.9MW, in which about 94.73MW is exploitable in Jiangxi Province with the estimated annual power generation of 377GWh. The distribution of hydropower potential in Changjiang river basin in Jiangxi Province is shown below:
Table 1: Distribution of Hydropower Potential in Changjiang River Basin in Jiangxi Province
Potential Catch- Length Annual Estimated Exploitable annual Name of ment of main Drop flow rate hydropower Hydropower power Notes River Area stream (m) (million Potential Potential generation (km2) (km) m3/y) (MW) (MW) (million kwh)
Main stream of Daohu to 6222 175.8 50.9 5717 40.70 71.89 297 Changjiang Yaogongdu River Yangchuni 846 53.6 314.4 741 25.60 5.01 19 River Donghe 591.9 68 616.5 603 17.2 6.61 20 River Xihe River 487.5 71.5 298.4 458 6.70 1.87 7 Nanhe River 518.1 72.5 550 528 10.3 9.35 35 Total 100.5 94.73 378
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 2 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
1.5. POWER DEMAND OF JINGDEZHEN MUNICIPALITY
Jingdezhen Power Grid supplies the urban area of Jingdezhen Municipality (Zhushan District and Changjiang District), Fuliang County, Yongshan area under Leping City and the northern area of Poyang County, which is the terminal grid for the northeast area in the primary grid of Jiangxi large power grid serving a total area of 3348km2.
Currently there is one thermal power plant (Jingdezhen Thermal Power Plant) in Jingdezhen Grid installed with the total capacity of 400MW. Almost all the existing small hydropower stations are designed as run-of-river type with limited power generation capacity. In the existing hydropower generation facilities, the only one with regulation capacity is Yutian Reservoir, but since it is mainly established for irrigation purpose, the installed capacity is only 325kW. In 2007, the annual power supply of Jingdezhen Grid was only 12.55×108kWh, and the maximum load was only 279MW. The insufficient power supply has resulted in frequent power rationing and cutting-off, particularly in dry season with more serious imbalance between supply and demand.
In view of rapid economic development of Jingdezhen Municipality, it is expected in the local power sector development plan that by 2020 the maximum load of Jingdezhen Grid will reach 754MW with the annual power demand of 31.8×108kWh, which are respectively 2.70 times of the maximum load and 2.53 times of the total electricity consumption in 2007. The proposed Wuxikou Hydro-complex Project has been designed as the key hydropower station in Jingdezhen Power Grid to help with the peak shaving of local grid, to ease the electricity supply and demand conflict and consequently to promote the development of local economy and the improvement of life quality for local residents.
1.6. CURRENT WATER RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT OF CHANGJIANG RIVER BASIN
1.6.1. CURRENT DEVELOPMENT FOR MAIN STREAM OF CHANGJIANG RIVER (JIANGXI SECTION)
In the cascade development on the main stream of Changjiang River, three of the five steps have been implemented, namely Huanggang Ship Lock, Nianyushan Ship Lock and Zhangshukeng Hydropower Station respectively in 1987, 1992 and 2008. This proposed Wuxikou Hydro-complex Project is now under preparation at the stage of preliminary design. However, In consideration of too high water head loss with current development of the river basin, the development of Jingdezhen step remains a pending issue. The details of four constructed/ongoing cascade facilities are shown below.
Table 2: Summary of Constructed/Planned Cascade Development Facilities on the Mainstream of Changjiang River in Jiangxi Province Technical Name of Facility No. /Economic Unit Indicator Wuxikou Zhangshukeng Nianyushan Huanggang Mainly for Mainly for flood navigation, also Major control, also for Only for power Only for river 1 / for power Functions water supply and generation navigation generation and power generation road traffic
At Zhoujiagang In Yushan Town of 40km upstream of Village, Fuliang Changjiang Dis., 80km downstream 2 Location / Jingdezhen County, 17km 60km downstream of Wuxikou dam Municipality downstream of of Wuxikou dam Wuxikou dam site site
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 3 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
Technical Name of Facility No. /Economic Unit Indicator Wuxikou Zhangshukeng Nianyushan Huanggang Time of 3 / / 2008 1987 1992 Operation Catchment 4 km2 2931 3311 5122 5428 Area Annual Mean 5 m3/s 85.1 95.3 NA NA Flow Rate Normal Water 6 m 56.0 34.0 21.5 17.3 Level
7 Capacity
7.1 Total Capacity 427 6.97 NA NA
Regulation 7.2 106m3 133 4.89 / / Capacity Flood Control 7.3 296 / / / Capacity Max. Water 8 m 21.87 6.0 4.9 NA Head Installed Capacity for 9 MW 30.00 10.0 2.53 / Power Generation Annual Mean 10 Power GWh 80.81 31.13 11 / Generation 300t Grade 1 Ship 300t Grade 1 Ship Design of 11 / / / Lock Lock Ship Lock (135×15×2.5m) (135×15×2.5m) Annual 12 10000t / / 176 172 Throughput
Road bridge: 8m 13 Other / / / wide, 254m long in / total
In June 2012, the consultants have paid visits to all the three existing steps, namely Zhangshukeng, Nianyushan and Huanggang, as shown in the figure below.
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 4 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
Zhangshukeng Hydropower Station (4*2.5MW)
Nianyushan Ship Lock
Huanggang Ship Lock
Figure 1: Existing Cascade Development Facilities on the Main Stream of Changjiang River in Jiangxi Province
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 5 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
1.6.2. CURRENT DEVELOPMENT FOR MAIN STREAM OF CHANGJIANG RIVER (ANHUI SECTION)
For Changjiang River Basin, there is about 1500km2 of catchment area falling in Anhui Province, where there is currently no dominant large- and middle-scale hdyro-complex project. There are only 28 small reservoirs, 2 of which have the capacity between 1million and 10million m3 and the other 26 with the capacity between 100,000 and 1million m3. Most of these reservoirs are mainly built for irrigation together with limited capacity of power generation. Since 2005, there have been 7 small hydropower stations constructed in Qimen County in Anhui Province upstream of Wuxikou in the river basin. Among others, there are four on the main stream of Changjiang River, respectively Longkou, Wanshitan, Luxi and Aoxi (Daohu), all of which are installed with the capacity below 5000kW, as listed below.
Table 3: Current Development of Main Stream of Changjiang River (Anhui Section)
电站名称 装机台数 装机容量 序号 Name of No. Of Installed Installed 位置 Location No. Hydropower Power Capacity (MW) Station Generators 1 龙口 Longkou 0.48 3 大洪水 Dahongshui River
2 万石滩 Wanshitan 0.32 2 大洪水 Dahongshui River
3 芦溪 Luxi 0.48 3 大洪水 Dahongshui River
4 奥西 Aoxi 3.0 3 昌江干流 Main Stream of Changjiang River
All these hydropower stations are only installed with the capacity below 1MW except Ao’xi Hydropower Station (also named Daohu). Aoxi Hydropower Station is located in Luxi Township of Qimen County close to the boundary between Jiangxi and Anhui. It is the closest upstream hydropower station for the proposed Wuxikou Hydro-complex. This river-bed type hydropower station was completed and put into operation in late 2005 with the installed capacity of 3×1MW. The annual power generation is about 6GWh. It was originally designed with C10 concrete fixed dam and rubber movable dam. Its normal water level is 68.50m. The design flood standard is 1 in 30 years and the check flood standard is 1 in 50 years. After over 6 years’ operation, the aged rubber dam bags were found leaking in 2011 after the main flood period. The abnormal operation has directly affected the power generation benefits. To eliminate the hidden safety hazards and increase the power generation benefits, the technical upgrading project was implemented for the station later in 2011 by replacing the original rubber dam with concrete shutter gate. After upgrading, the normal water level and design flood standard remain unchanged; however, the check flood standard is improved to the level of 1 in 100 years. The hydropower station is under the management of Huangshan Municipal Power Supply Bureau. The flood control offices at Luxi Township and Qimen County are responsible for supervising its operation according to the local flood control requirements.
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 6 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
Figure 2: Aoxi Hydropower Station (Daohu) in Qimen County, Anhui Province
1.6.3. CURRENT DEVELOPMENT FOR TRIBUTARIES OF CHANGJIANG RIVER
The hydropower development of tributaries in Changjiang River Basin was started before the main stream. The main existing hydropower stations are listed below.
Table 4: Current Development of Tributaries of Changjiang River No. Of Name of Installed Installed No. Hydropower Capacity Year of Operation Location Power Station (MW) Generators 1 Xiangxiling 4 2 2010 Dabeishui River 2 Qikai 0.96 3 2007 Dabeishui River 3 Zhumu 0.80 2 2005 Dabeishui River 4 Dagang 0.25 2 1980 Yangchun River 5 Gangkou 0.15 2 1985 Yangchun River 6 Zhongzhou 0.20 2 1983 Yangchun River 7 Dazhou 0.395 3 1979 Xihe River 8 Yutian 0.325 2 1983 Nanhe River
As shown above, the installed capacity of these hydropower station area all below 5MW. The locations of these small hydropower stations and all the other above-mentioned water conservancy facilities are shown in the figure below.
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 7 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
Figure 3: Current Development of Changjiang River Basin
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 8 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
1.7. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
As part of the supplementary EIA, this Cumulative Impact Assessment (CIA) report is developed to evaluate:
• If the proposed project to be assisted by the Bank (irrespective of the source of financing of its components) will have an effect on a Valuable Ecological Component (VEC);
• If this effect acts cumulatively with that of other projects (either from the past, current time, or the future);
• If the effect of the Bank project, in combination with the other effects, may cause a significant change now or in the future in the characteristics of the VEC, after the application of mitigation measures.
• Identify appropriate actions for the Bank project to address its contribution to significant impacts.
1.8. METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY
In view of the above-mentioned objectives, the CIA study is undertaken by following a five-step approach:
• Step 1: Describe the project, its setting and other projects and activities that may give rise to cumulative effects;
• Step 2: Identify key project related contributions to cumulative effects on selected resources of concern;
• Step 3: Assess the level of cumulative effects;
• Step 4: Determine the significance of cumulative effects; and
• Step 5: Identify key management actions and define the needs for a second phase, more detailed CIA.
To implement the above five-step approach, the following specific tasks have been fulfilled during the study.
• Meeting with the client to fully understand the perception and expectations of the client to organize and orient the work
• Meetings with World Bank representatives to better understand the WB’s environmental safeguard requirements for project appraisal
• Site visits of all the critical stretches in the study area from Daohu to Huanggang
• Collection and review of all existing project reports/documents to help with the establishment of environmental baseline in the study area
• Public consultation among local residents along Changjiang River to understand the public’s attitude/concerns on the cascade development of Changjiang River and to assist with the selection of VECs
• Interviews with different concerned authorities, such as county fishery administration and county forestry bureau for secondary data collection
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 9 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
The study is predominantly based on the information available from secondary sources. Where necessary, the secondary data has been supplemented with site visits. The study has taken into consideration all pertinent environmental issues that have been raised in the original domestic EIA for Wuxikou hydro-complex project.
1.9. LAYOUT OF THE REPORT
The structure of the report has been organized as below:
‐ Chapter 1：Introduction gives an overview of the proposed Wuxikou Hydro-complex Project on Changjiang River, the objectives and methodology adopted for the study. The chapter also presents the background of cascade development in Changjiang river basin.
‐ Chapter 2: Scoping of Study Area identifies the spatial and temporal boundary for the study.
‐ Chapter 3: Environmental Baseline describes the baseline environmental status of the study area in terms of drainage, geology, climate, hydrology, soil, ecology, land use and socio-economic profile.
‐ Chapter 4: Relevant Sector Development Plan presents the development plans of relevant sectors including flood control, hydropower development, river navigation, irrigation, water and soil conservation, water supply, urban development and fishery.
‐ Chapter 5: Identification of Key VECs identifies the key Valuable Ecological Components (VECs) according to the understanding of existing and planned river basin developments based on the collected information.
‐ Chapter 6: Analysis of Potential Impacts and Risks assesses the cumulative impacts on the identified VECs and their significance.
‐ Chapter 7: Recommendations of Mitigation Measures designs strategies to manage the predicted cumulative impacts.
‐ Chapter 8: Public Consultation summarizes the activities of public consultation carried out during the preparation of this CIA study and the key findings.
‐ Chapter 9: Conclusions presents the key conclusions and recommendations from the study.
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 10 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
2. SCOPING OF STUDY AREA
2.1. SPATIAL BOUNDARY FOR THE STUDY
When defining the spatial boundary for the CIA study, the key concerned geographic area will be the project sites for all the components under the proposed Wuxikou Hydro-complex Project (including the dam, construction camps, resettlement areas, re-routed section of Anhui-Jiangxi Railway inundated by the reservoir and power transmission line) and also the existing and planned cascade development in Changjiang river basin.
In general, the area for the purpose of study on cumulative environmental impacts has been considered as the stretch of about 259km of Changjiang River from its origin in Qimen County of Anhui Province until its point of entry into Poyang Lake through Raohe River.
Since the river basin crosses the administrative boundary between Anhui Province and Jiangxi Province and the proposed Wuxikou Hydro-complex falls under the jurisdiction of Jiangxi, only limited information has been collected during the study concerning the existing and planned developments within Anhui Province. On the other hand, as shown in Table 4 and Figure 3, the existing developments on the tributaries of Changjiang River in Jiangxi Province were all developed in 1980’s with small capacity of hydropower generation and irrigation. Their catchment area and effective storage capacity is very small, which have only limited impacts on the main stream. Additionally, the currently available data for these existing developments is also far from sufficient for the analysis of expected cumulative impacts. The time-consuming in- depth investigation and survey will be required to well understand their relationship with the proposed Wuxikou project and the resulting cumulative environmental impacts.
At this stage, the focus and priority of the study will be given to the cascade development of main stream in Jiangxi Province from the entry point of Changjiang River into Jiangxi Province to Yaogongdu in Poyang County, Jiangxi Province, which covers the stretch of 219.28km involving the five built or proposed water conservancy facilities at Wuxikou, Jingdezhen, Zhangshukeng, Nianyushan and Huanggang as shown in the figure below. Meanwhile, the backwater areas of its main tributaries (Yangchun River and Meihu River) which flow into the proposed reservoir will also been considered in the study. Therefore, the total area covered the study will be about 4307km2 covering the entire Fuliang County and the urban area of Jingdezhen Municipality.
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 11 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
Figure 4: Spatial Scope of CIA Study
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 12 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
2.2. TEMPORAL BOUNDARY FOR THE STUDY
As found in the background investigation, the water resource development of Changjiang river basin can track back to the 1980’s or even earlier; however, the development of its main stream in Jiangxi Province was started in 1987 with the construction of Nianyushan Ship Lock. In 1992, Huanggang Ship Lock was completed downstream of Nianyushan. In 2008, Zhangshukeng Hydropower Station was built upstream. So far, three out of the 5 steps planned in the cascade development for the main stream of Changjiang River in Jiangxi Province have been completed and put into operation. However, the environmental baseline data before these developments is not available at this stage; therefore, the focus of this study will put on the future scenario in comparison to the present conditions.
After the construction of Wuxikou Hydro-complex, there will be only one initiative remaining, namely Jingdezhen. However, due to too high head loss of the river basin based on existing developments, whether to implement Jingdezhen hydropower project or not becomes an issue. It is understood that the local authority is considering developing it into a dam for the maintenance of water level within the urban area of Jingdezhen for landscape purpose.
The analytic baseline for the CIA is a set of plans and development trends in the following sectors:
• Flood control*
• Hydropower development*
• River navigation*
• Irrigation*
• Water and soil conservation*
• Water supply
• Urban development
• Fishery
The relevant development plans and trends for the above-mentioned sectors are summarized in Chapter 4. It is noticed that the sector plans marked by * for Changjiang river basin have all been covered by the Raohe River Basin Development Plan in Jiangxi Province (1993). Since the plan was targeted at the horizon of 2020 and the proposed Wuxikou Hydro-complex is expected to be completed in 3.5 years, the short-term horizon for the study has been decided as the year of 2020 after the operation of Wuxikou Hydro-complex, and the long-term horizon to be ten years later, i.e. 2030 considering the long-term planning horizon of existing Jingdezhen Urban Development Master Plan.
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 13 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
3. ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE
3.1. CATCHMENT CHARACTERISTICS
Changjiang river basin is topographically a hilly area with the elevation declining to the southwest. The upstream of Changjiang River is surrounded by low hills on the eastern, western and northern sides ; the central and southwestern areas of Changjiang river basin are the valley ; the areas downstream of Huanggang are the plain. There are asymmetric terraces along the whole main stream. The river section upstream of Daohu, the water is shallow with rapid flow rate; the river section between Jingdezhen and Huanggang is normally 1~2m deep with occasional bedrock exposure on the river bed and rolling hills along the river. The river valley is relatively wider with asymmetric terrace and intermonte plains distributed. For the section downstream of Huanggang, there is well developed terrace on the lakeside plain mixed with monadnock.
The river system well develops in Changjiang river basin. There are five with the catchment area close to or larger than 500km2, namely Dabeishui River, Yangchun River, Donghe River, Xihe River and Nanhe River (as shown in the table below).
Table 5: Main Tributaries of Changjiang River Catchment Name of Side of Bank Name of Length Area Location Province River for Afflux Destination (km2) (km) Dabeishui Qimen Right Daohu 522.63 60 Anhui River County Yangchun Jingdezhen Right Yangcun 846.03 58 Jiangxi River Municipality Jingdezhen Donghe River Left Jiucheng 591.85 68.2 Jiangxi Municipality Jingdezhen Xihe River Right Jingdezhen 487.51 55 Jiangxi Municipality Jingdezhen Nanhe River Left Dufengkeng 518.10 55 Jiangxi Municipality
Administratively Changjiang river basin covers Qimen County of Anhui Province, Jingdezhen Municipality and Poyang County of Jiangxi Province. Among others, in Jingdezhen Municipality, Zhushan District, Changjiang District and Fuliang County are covered by Changjiang river basin.
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 14 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
An
Dabeishui River
Hui Daohu
Beihe River
Yangchun River Fuliang County Province
Changjiang Zhitan
River
Po Wuxikou Hydro- complex Xihe Wu
River Donghe River Yang
Yuan
Nanhe River
Jingdezhen County Dufengkeng County
Nianyushan
Figure 5: Changjiang River Basin
3.2. CLIMATE AND RAINFALL
Changjiang river basin falls into the subtropical monsoon climatic zone featured by mild climate, distinct seasons, short ice period and long frostless season. The annual average temperature is about 16.7-17.7℃ , and the monthly evaporation is about 24.4-361.5mm. According to the
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 15 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
historical records, the maximum temperature in the river basin is 41.8℃ and the minimum temperature is -11℃ , both of which were monitored in 1967. The statistic data shows that there are 34.2~39.8 days per year with the maximum temperature above 35℃ and 23.0~41.4 days with the minimum temperature below 0℃. There is no significant difference of relative humidity in the river basin with the average value between 78% and 83%.
The annual mean precipitation in this region is 1331.8-1625.7mm; however, its distribution in a year is very uneven, mainly occurring during April~June when the precipitation accounts for about 48% of the annual total (mostly frontal rains). The upstream of Changjiang River is one of the storm centers for the northeast of Jiangxi Province. There are frequent mold rains in late spring and early summer; but the autumn and winter is relatively dry. From October to February, the five months’ precipitation only accounts for about 21% of the annual total.
3.3. FLOW PROFILE OF CHANGJIANG RIVER
The course of Changjiang River in Jiangxi is 219.28km from its entry point into Jiangxi Province to Yaogongdu in Poyang County of Jiangxi Province. It flows all the way to the southwest until it joins with Lean River into Raohe River at Yaogongdu and finally drains into Poyang Lake. The fall of Changjiang River from its point of origin in Anhui Province to its point of entry into Raohe River in Jiangxi Province is 100.43m with the average slope of 0.46‰. The section upstream of Zhitan (78.88km long) is the upper reach with the fall of 72.73km and average slope of 0.92‰ which is mostly in Anhui Province; the middle reach between Zhitan and Nianyushan has the length of 70.19km with the fall of 22.60m and the average slope of 0.32‰; the remaining section downstream of Nianyushan is the lower reach, which is 70.21km long only with the fall of 5.1m and the average slope of 0.073‰.
Since it is mainly recharged by precipitation, the variation of its annual runoff in a year is generally consistent with the geographic distribution of annual precipitation. The flood season is from April to July with the runoff accounting for 70% of the runoff for the whole year, and the remaining eight months represent the dry season accounting for the other 30% of annual runoff. The annual average runoff of Changjiang River is 4.66 billion m3.
Currently there are three hydrologic stations on the main stream of Changjiang River within the scope of study, namely Tankou, Zhangshukeng and Dufengkeng (as shown in the figure below), which respectively represent the catchment area of 1760km2, 3325km2 and 5013km2.
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 16 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
Figure 6: Locations of Existing Hydrologic Stations in Changjiang River Basin
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 17 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
According to the statistics of Dufengkeng Hydrologic Station, the runoff percentage of Changjiang River in a year at Dufengkeng is shown below.
4500 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0
Figure 7: Runoff Distribution of Changjiang River in a Year (Dufengkeng Cross-section)
The monitoring data from these hydrologic stations for recent years (2006-2010) is listed below. The peak flow in 2008 reflects the disastrous flood that year.
Table 6: Monitoring Results from Existing Hydrologic Stations in Changjiang River Basin (2006-2010) Name of Hydrologic Month Item 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Station Water Level (m) 49.75 49.6 49.69 49.62 49.63
January Flow Rate (m3/s) 21.7 6.93 13.3 6.47 8.23
Rainfall (mm) 120.5 72.5 120.5 25.5 91.5 Tankou Water Level (m) 49.88 50.24 51.11 49.98 50.03
June Flow Rate (m3/s) 34.1 78.7 266 37.8 41.8
Rainfall (mm) 144.5 208 549 144 141.5
Water Level (m) 27.89 27.71 27.8 27.6 27.76
January Flow Rate (m3/s) 36.1 13.2 23.1 8.46 16
Rainfall (mm) 137.5 70 108 21.5 98 Zhangshukeng Water Level (m) 28.11 28.43 29.49 28.15 28.27
June Flow Rate (m3/s) 60.4 117 454 70.8 77.8
Rainfall (mm) 146.5 157.5 572 205 154.5
Water Level (m) 23.06 23.76 23.78 23.57 23.48
January Flow Rate (m3/s) 65.5 15 30.9 14.7 27.1 Dufengkeng Rainfall (mm) 136.5 79 126 28 96
June Water Level (m) 23.94 24.11 24.89 23.88 24.03
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 18 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
Name of Hydrologic Month Item 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Station Flow Rate (m3/s) 108 165 661 92.6 146
Rainfall (mm) 206.5 228.5 483 220.5 181
3.4. FLOODS IN CHANGJIANG RIVER BASIN
The floods in the river basin are generally formed by storms; therefore, the flooding season is in general consistent with local rainy season that is April-June, particularly in June. After July, the short-duration floods may take place due to the impacts of typhoon. Therefore, the flooding season is April-August, mainly during April-June (accounting for 73.2%). Among others, the floods in June accounts for the highest percentage by 44.6%. Currently in river basin, there is no large hydro-complex for flood control, and the regulation capacity in the river channel is small, which means simply one shower will form a flood peak; therefore, during rainy season, there will often be continuous flood peak. The flood duration for the upper reach is about 1-3 days, that for the middle reach is 3-5 days, and that for the lower reach is longer, about 5-7 days; if with the backwatering effects of Poyang Lake, the flood duration will be even longer.
Since 1949, there were major floods respectively in 1955, 1996, 1998 and 1999, which have resulted in serious economic loss for Jingdezhen Municipality. The details are shown in the table below. For example, in 1998, the urban area of Jingdezhen was flooded twice for up to 94 hours in total. The maximum water depth at low-lying urban areas was 10m. According to the statistics, the flooded area of urban area reached 31.4km2, accounting for 94.6% of the total urban area. Up to 271,800 people were affected by the disaster, accounting for 88% of the urban population.
Table 7: Records of Historic Major Floods in Changjiang River Basin since 1949 Year with Major 1955 1996 1998 1999 Flood
Flow rate measurement at 8500 7370 8600 7600 Dufengkeng (m3/s)
Direct Economic NA 2.56 2.306 2.56 Loss (billion yuan)
3.5. GEOLOGY AND SOILS
Changjiang river basin is generally located on the structure units between Jiuling of Yangtze paneplatform Jiangnan Platform Uprise to Gaotaishan Fault Arch Bundle on the eastern section of Gaotaishan Anteklise. According to the "Seismic Ground Motion Zonation Map of China” (GB18306-2001), ground motion peak acceleration in the area is less than 0.05g, characteristic period of the ground motion response spectrum is 0.35s, which is equivalent to the basic seismic intensity is less than VI degree.
In the study area, red soil covers most of the area. From the low elevation upwards, the main types of soil include paddy soil for river valley and plain, red soil and local limestone soil for low and middle hills with paddy soil for hill valleys, yellow-red soil for high hills or low mountains, mountainous yellow soil for low and middle mountains, mountainous yellow-brown soil for
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 19 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
middle mountains and small areas of mountain meadow soil for the flat areas in the mountains, which makes the soil distribution characterized consistent with local topography from river valley, plain, hills to mountains.
3.6. AQUATIC ECOLOGY
The upstream of Changjiang River is located in the hilly area and its middle and lower reaches are on the plain. The river has generally gentle slope with low flow rate. The sand content in the river is low. The river is generally classified as tranquil aquatic habitat, only with rapid-flow habitat on the upper reach and at some bend sections. The tributaries of Changjiang River have smaller volume and faster flow, which generally belong to stream habitat.
Subject to local habitat conditions, the plankton in the river is mainly dominated by planktonic diatom and protozoan. According to the special investigation carried out for the original EIA of Wuxikou Hydro-complex Project in late 2008 and middle 2009, there are totally 57 genera and 7 phyla of phytoplankton and 38 species (genera) of zooplankton found in the river basin. However, the good quality and low nutrition level of river water makes the plankton biomass relatively low. There are mainly 17 species (genera) and 3 phyla of benthic animals, mainly aquatic insects, oligochaetes and mollusc acclimatizing to both riparian habitat and tranquil-flow habitat. Also there are abundant aquatic vascular plants in the riparian shallow-water zones including hygrophytes, emerging plants, floating plants and submerged macrophyte.
Relevant historic record shows that there were 88 species of fishes under 15 families in Changjiang River, 65.9% of which are Cyprinidae. The common species included Mylophoryngododon piceus, Ctenopharyngodon idellus, Aristichthys nobilis, Chypophthalmichthys molitrix, Cyprinus carpio, Carassius auratus, Parabramis pekinensis, Megalobrama amblycephala, Opsariichthys bidens, Pelteoagrus fulvidraco, Barbodes Caldwelli, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, etc. Most of these species acclimatize to both riparian and tranquil- flow habitats with strong adaptability. However, due to overfishing, sand mining operation, fossicking activities and cascade development since 1980’s, the fishery resource has obviously declined in recent decades with decreased species and younger and smaller individuals. The annual catch from Changjiang River has dropped the historic 200~300t to current 30~50t.
The fish spawning grounds distribute sparsely in Changjiang River with small scale mainly at the flowing-water shoal for rapid-flow sections and with sudden change of river regime, backwater area for tranquil-flow sections and estuary for tributaries, such as Wuxi, Shebu, Changzheng Village and Yingxi (as shown in Figure 8). Among others, Yingxi and Changzheng Village spawning grounds are mainly for fishes laying demersal eggs in rapid flows and Shebu and Wuxi spawning grounds are suitably for fishes laying eggs in tranquil flows and rapid flows. According to the historic records, there used to be black carp, grass carp, chub and silver carp and bighead carp (known as « four major Chinese carps ») and other fishes laying pelagic eggs in Changjiang River. However, due to the barrier and flow change caused by cascade development, in recent decades, the fish survey shows that there is generally no naturally breeding population and spawning ground in Changjiang River. The existing small quantities of four major Chinese carps in the river are mainly from the surrounding fish farms.
There is Changjiang Provincial Protection Zone for Spinibarbus sinensis (experimental zone) downstream of proposed Wuxikou hydro-complex project, which is for the conservation of local fishery resource. However, there is no Class I and Class II national protected aquatic wildlife in the river.
According to the historic data and site investigation during the preparation of original EIA, it is understood that there are otters, the Class II national protected animal, living in the freshwater zones in the region.
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 20 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
3.7. TERRESTRIAL FLORA AND FAUNA
The abundant rainfall and loamy soil has brought high coverage of vegetation to the river basin which is over 80%. For the upstream, the mountains area is mainly covered by forests together with shrubs at a lower elevation; however, the plain of the mid- and down-stream areas is the main grain-producing area in the river basin. There are totally 95 families, 261 genera and 618 species of plants in this region including 10 Chinese endemic genera such as gingko, liriodendron chinensis, eucommia bark and common camptotheca. The local flora is dominated by temperate type, which mainly consists of coniferous forests (mainly pinus massoniana and cupressus funebris, covering about 70% of the total area, mostly secondary and artificial forests), evergreen and subtropical deciduous broad-leaved forests (mainly castanopsis sclerophylla, camphor tree and liquidambar formosana covering about 3.5% of the total area), forests of moso bamboo on the hills below the elevation of 1000m or near villages (covering about 2.14% of the total area), shrubs and shrub grassland (covering about 7.55% of the total area),economic forests (mainly camellia oleifera, vernicia fordii, C. mollissima, alnus cremastogyne and citrus reticulata covering about 2.11% of the total area) and crops (mainly paddy, maize, wheat and cole covering about 11.75% of the total area). According to the 2009 forest resource investigation for Fuliang County, the total area of forestland in Fuliang County is 211,882ha with the standing volume of 12.35m3 and the forest coverage is up to 79.80%.
According to the Directory of Jiangxi Province Key Protected Plants (Batch 1) and the Directory of Fuliang County Wild Plants», there are totally 10 kinds of key national protected plants in the river basin, 3 of which are Class 1 (gingko, metasequoia and taxus mairei) and the other 7 are Class 2.However, none of them is found within the inundated area of proposed Wuxikou project except some ancient camphor trees (Class II national protected tree species) aged 280~500 years old. Additionally there is a 200-year-old liquidambar formosana (not classified protected tree) in the inundated area.
With the high coverage of vegetation, there have been totally 121 kinds of terrestrial wildlife found in the region, including 12 kinds of amphibian, 17 kinds of reptilia, 67 kinds of birds and 25 kinds of mammals. Among others, there are totally 4 kinds of Class I national protected wildlife (clouded leopard, panthera pardus, muntiacus crinifrons and syrmaticus ellioti) and 11 kinds of Class II national protected wildlife; also there are 42 kinds of Jiangxi provincial protected wildlife.
There are 1 provincial nature reserve and 6 county-level nature reserves in the study area, respectively: (1) Jiangxi Yaoli provincial level nature reserve; (2) Fuliang Huangzihao county level muntiacus crinifrons nature reserve ; (3) Fuliang Qinglongjian Clouded Leopard County- level Nature Reserve ; (4) Fuliang Chabao mountain county level macaque nature reserve; (5) Fuliang Daling County level syrmaticus ellioti nature reserve; (6) Fuliang Bazinao county level panthera pardus nature reserve; and (7) Fuliang Huangniuxin county level black bear nature reserve. Their locations are shown in the figure below.
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 21 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
Fuliang Chabao mountain county level macaque nature reserve Fuliang Daling County level king pheasant nature reserve
Fuliang Huangniuxin county level black bear nature reserve Fuliang Bazinao Jiantantun Wintering Ground county level panthera Jiangxi Yaoli pardus nature reserve Mitun Wintering Ground provincial level nature reserve Yingxi Spawing Ground
Changzheng Village Spawwning Ground Shebu Spawning Ground
Dam Site of Wuxikou Hydro-complex Wuxi Spawning Ground
Changjiang Provincial Protection Zone for Spinibarbus sinensis Changjiang Provincial Protection Zone for (Experimental Zone) Spinibarbus sinensis (Core Zone)
Fuliang Huangzihao county level muntiacus crinifrons nature reserve
Fuliang Qinglongshan county level clouded leopard nature reserve
Figure 8: Locations of Key Ecological Protected Areas in Changjiang River Basin
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 22 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
3.8. WATER RESOURCE AND WATER USE
Changjiang river basin has abundant water resource but with uneven spatial and temporal distribution. For Jingdezhen Municipality, the gross amount of water resource is by average 5.34 billion m3/year, that is, 3420m3 per year per capita1. With the economic development and urbanization of Jingdezhen Municipality and the improvement of people’s life standard, in particular the development of local ceramic industry, the water use of Jingdezhen keeps increasing. The imbalance between water supply and water demand is particularly an issue in dry season.
Currently there are two water sources for Jingdezhen Municipality, about 92% of the water withdrawal is from the main stream of Changjiang River and the remaining 8% is from the tributaries of Changjiang River, Nanhe River. There are totally five existing water treatment plants (WTPs), respectively Yanghu WTP, Guanyinge WTP, Sanhe WTP, Fuliang WTP (taking water from main stream of Changjiang River) and Huangnitou WTP (taking water from Nanhe River). The total water withdrawal from Changjiang River (including the four WTPs and self- supply) is now 177million m3/year, about 5.61m3/s.
According to the Jingdezhen Urban Development Master Plan, it is expected that the total water demand of Jingdezhen will reach 203million m3 in 2020. To meet the demand, the water withdrawal of 8.21m3/s is required, which is far beyond the level of natural flow rate in Changjiang River in dry season (the daily average flow rate at Dufengkeng is only 6.56m3/s when P=95%). Therefore, a severe shortage of water supply will be expected for the city in the near future, particularly in dry season.
3.9. WATER QUALITY
In recent years, the water quality of Changjiang River mostly remains Class II2, and the water quality of some very upstream sections can even reach Class I (as shown in the 2008 monitoring results from original EIA, see the table below). However, due to non-point source pollution from rural areas and urban wastewater discharge, the water quality for the sections near Qimen County (Anhui Province, upstream) and downstream of Jingdezhen urban area is deteriorating these years, Class III according to recent environmental monitoring results from Jingdezhen EPB3.
Table 8: Water Quality Monitoring Results of Changjiang River for Original EIA Report of Wuxikou Hydro-complex Project (December 2008) Unit: mg/L Name of Water Petroleu Fecal Monitoring Tempera pH DO SS BOD COD TN TP NH -N 5 Cr 3 m Coliform Section ture (℃)
12 7.0 12.5 4L 0.44 2L 0.38 0.005 0.074 0.036 230 Reference Cross-section for Reservoir Inflow - I I - I I II I I I II
14 7.0 11.29 4L 0.68 6 0.38 0.016 0.080 0.039 430 Wuxikou Dam Site - I I - I I II I I I II
1 The national average level is 2200m3 per year per capita ; while that for Jiangxi Province is 3700m3 per year per capita. 2 Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water, GB3838-2002. 3 www.jdz65.gov.cn，official website of Jingdezhen EPB.
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 23 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
Name of Water Petroleu Fecal Monitoring Tempera pH DO SS BOD COD TN TP NH -N 5 Cr 3 m Coliform Section ture (℃)
1km upstream of 7 8.2 12.29 4.4 0.90 2L 0.33 0.005 0.054 0.034 460 the estuary for Yangchun River into Changjiang River - I I - I I II I I I II
1km upstream of 6 8.0 12.42 5.6 0.92 6 0.41 0.005 0.074 0.040 330 the estuary for Meihu River into Changjiang River - I I - I I II I I I II
Controlled cross- 14 8.2 11.06 5.7 0.94 9 0.40 0.020 0.083 0.041 490 section a turban area of Fuliang County - I I - I I II I I I II
3.10. GROUNDWATER
Generally the groundwater supplements the river. The types of groundwater in the river basin include pore groundwater, fissure groundwater and fissure artesian groundwater, which are restricted by the elements of topography, landform, lithology, hydrology and weather conditions with seasonal characteristics. Among others, pore groundwater accounts for a high proportion, distributed in the terrace and intermountain basin on both banks of Changjiang River at the depth of 1-4m. The water level is closely related with the water level of local river. Fissure water is frequently found in the weekly weathered rock with many fissures at great depth but in low quantity. In the fault zone of the valley, there is possibility of fissure artesian groundwater, which may exist when there is a closed fault space in the rock. The groundwater in the river basin has the degree of mineralization no more than 0.1g/l with the PH value of 5.6~7.6. In terms of water quality, the local groundwater is characterized as bicarbonate - sodium fresh water.
3.11. SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE
According to the Jingdezhen Statistic Yearbook (2010), Jingdezhen Municipality has a total land area of 5256km2 and a total population of 1.60million people in which about 40% of the population living in the 48km2 urban areas. Jingdezhen is well known as the capital of porcelain. Now it has become an industrial city covering the industries of porcelain, automobile, machinery, electronics, construction materials, medical chemicals and food processing. The gross output value of industry and agriculture for Jingdezhen Municipality in 2009 was 36.4billion yuan, and the gross revenue is 3.56billion yuan. The per capita disposable income for urban residents was 14996yuan, and the farmer’s net income is 5705.3yuan.
The total land area for Fuliang County is 2851km2 and its total population is 282,966 people 77.3% of which are rural population. The natural population growth rate is 10.63%. In 2009, the gross output value of industry and agriculture for the whole county in 2009 was 4.6billion yuan. The per capita disposable income for urban residents was 7836yuan, and the farmer’s net income is 3492yuan.
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 24 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
3.12. LAND USE PATTERN
According to the data from the original project EIA report, Fuliang County mainly consists of middle to low hills. In the 285083.68hm2 total land area, there are 20921.26hm2 of farmland (7.34%), 6468.12hm2 of garden plot (2.27%), 234902.95hm2 of forest land (82.40%), 6374.72hm2 of construction land (2.24%), 3507.23hm2 of unused land (1.23%) and 12909.4hm2 of other kinds of land (4.52%).
3.13. LIVELIHOOD OF THE AREA
According to the Jingdezhen Statistic Yearbook (2010), the income composition for the whole Jingdezhen population and that for the residents of Fuliang County is shown in the table below.
Table 9: Income Composition of Jingdezhen Residents (2009) Jingdezhen Municipality Fuliang County No. Item Amount (Yuan) % Amount (Yuan) %
1 Salary income 2687.63 37.42% 2298.62 35.56% Income from household 2 3889.87 3707.21 business operation 54.16% 57.35% 2.1 Agriculture 1915.77 26.67% 2529.04 39.12%
2.2 Forestry 177.16 2.47% 286.25 4.43%
2.3 Livestock industry 597.13 8.31% 382.87 5.92%
2.4 Fishery 27.80 0.39% 63.33 0.98%
2.5 Industry 216.86 3.02% 6.58 0.10%
2.6 Construction industry 225.22 3.14% 130.02 2.01% Transportation and postal 2.7 92.67 127.74 services 1.29% 1.98% Wholesale, retail and catering 2.8 423.63 110.70 business 5.90% 1.71% 2.9 Social services 82.89 1.15% 41.08 0.64%
2.10 Others 125.94 1.75% 25.86 0.40%
3 Transfer income 378.14 5.26% 352.71 5.46%
4 Property income 226.90 3.16% 105.49 1.63%
Total income 7182.53 - 6464.03 -
As shown above, the residents living in Jingdezhen earn their living from multiple sources; however, the analysis of income composition shows a relatively high percentage of agricultural income, in particular, for the residents in Fuliang County.
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 25 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
3.14. FISHERY
According to the information from local fishery authority, there are totally 88 species of fishes found in Jingdezhen Municipality, most of which belong to Cyprinidae. Before 1950’s, the fishery in the river basin mainly relies on fish catching; the fish-farming industry develops quickly with the development of artificial ponds and small reservoirs in the river basin since 1960’s. The statistic data show that in the total output of aquatic products of 2565 tons in Changjiang river basin in 1985, only about 25.4% was from fish catching. With rapid development in the basin in recent decades, some rivers in the basin have been severely polluted by untreated wastewater discharge from industries, and it has almost resulted in the extinction of aquatic flora and fauna in Xihe River, one of the tributaries of Changjiang River. Due to insufficient fishery administrative management, the illegal fish catching activities such as poison fishing, dynamite fishing and electric fishing and overfishing have resulted in the severe reduction of fishery resources in the river. In addition, the fish spawning, feeding and migration has also occurred adverse impacts with the implementation of cascade development in recent decades. The size of caught fish is getting smaller and smaller (as shown in the figure below), and some famous economic fish species such as Spinibarbus Sinensis，Opsariichthys bidens and mandarin fish has shown the depletion of resources. According to the local fishermen, there are over ten kinds of fish not being caught for many years, such as luciobrama macrocephalus, zacco platypus, pseudolaubuca engraulis, coreius heterodon, etc.
Fish Recently Caught in Changjiang River
2012 Artificial Fish Release for Changjiang River Figure 9: Fish Recently Caught in Changjiang River and Artificial Fish Release
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 26 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
The artificial multiplication and release of aquatic resource have been implemented in the last consecutive years, which have allowed the increase of grass carp, chub, carp, bream fish and bighead carp in the river.
Table 10: Fish Catch in Jingdezhen Municipality (2000~2010) Jingdezhen In which Year Municipality Changjiang District Fuliang County 2000 658 383 275 2001 545 285 260 2002 616 337 279 2003 559 342 217 2004 618 393 225 2005 638 383 255 2006 653 402 251 2007 708 423 285 2008 838 445 393 2009 826 440 386 2010 1024 545 479
According to the fish-farming water area development plan for Jingdezhen Municipality (2005~2015), there were 550 fishermen in Fuliang County in 2004. Among others, only 183 are full-time and the other 367 are part-time. In the 183 full-time fishermen, 28 are living on fish- catching, 144 are living on fish-farming, and the other 11 are responsible for logistic activities. The total area of fish farms in 2004 was 12494mu. With 787 tons of conventional aquatic products (including grass carp, silver carp, bighead carp, carp, crucian and bread fish) and 314 tons of special aquatic products (red purse carp, eel, loach, rice field eel, catfish, salmon, crab, etc.), the output value of fishery was 12.93million yuan, accounting for 2.34% in the total output value of local agriculture.
3.15. MINERAL RESOURCES
Mineral industry is one of the important industries for Jingdezhen. By 2007, 13 kinds of minerals have been exploited in Jingdezhen, in which the reserves of sepiolite clay, manganese, marble for decoration, bentonite and ceramic clay rank No.1 in China. The total mineral output was 9.21million tons/year in 2007, and the output value of mining and dressing industry was 570million yuan, which accounts for 2.08% in the gross output value of Jingdezhen Municipality. With the three established major mineral industries of energy, ceramics and construction materials, the output value of mineral industry was 13.3billion yuan, accounting for 48.76% in the gross output value of Jingdezhen Municipality.
However, it is noticed that none of their mineral deposit is located within the affected scope of planned cascade developments for the main stream of Changjiang River. However, it is noticeable that there is still the activities of sand excavation and mining of placer gold found in the river basin in recent years, and their resulted negative environmental impacts have attracted the attention of local authorities. Persistent efforts have been made by local government to strengthen the management of such activities. The mining of placer gold mainly takes place on the farmland of Fuliang County (in the basin of tributaries for Changjiang River, such as Donghe River). Such illegal mining activities have been banned by the local government. Concerning the sand excavation, according to the official document issued by Jingdezhen Municipal Government (JingFuFa [2007] No.18), sand excavation will be banned for most sections of Changjiang River except the licensed sand excavation within limited river section from
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 27 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
Nianyushan to Shazuitou Bridge. The potential impacts of such activities will be also considered in the study.
3.16. WATER TRANSPORTATION
The river section from Jingdezhen to Yaogongdu is the water channel The rehabilitation of Changjiang River Navigation Channel was implemented as one of the key projects for water transportation in Jingxi Province during 1986~1990, which covers the construction of Nianyushan Ship Lock and Huanggang Ship Lock, the channelization of the 38km-long river section from Jingdezhen to Huanggang and also the dredging and rehabilitation of the 52km- long river section from Huanggang to Poyang. With the project implementation by 1992, the project section of Changjiang River has reached the standard for Grade V navigation channel and become suitable for the navigation of 300t-tonnage vessels.
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 28 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
4. RELEVANT SECTOR DEVELOPMENT PLANS
4.1. INTRODUCTION
To review all the local development plans possibly correlated to the development of proposed Wuxikou Integrated Flood Management Porject, at least the following sectors will be covered by this chapter:
‐ Flood control;
‐ Hydropower development;
‐ Irrigation;
‐ River navigation;
‐ Water Supply;
‐ Water and soil conservation;
‐ Fishery development;
‐ Environmental Protection;
‐ Mining industry;
Based on the available information from the project developer and online secondary data collection, the following listed sector development plans for Changjiang River Basin, Jingdezhen Municipality and Fuliang County has been identified as relevant to the development of Wuxikou Hydro-complex and their summaries are presented in the sections below:
‐ Jiangxi Province Raohe River Basin Development Plan (1993, covering the development of Changjiang River Basin on cascasde development, flood control, irrigation, river navigation and soil conservation);
‐ Jingdezhen Urban Development Master Plan (2008~2030, covering the sectors of urban flood control, environmental protection targets, water supply, wastewater treatment, power supply, railway and water transportation);
‐ Surface Water (Environmental) Functional Zoning of Jiangxi Province (dated Ju);
‐ Fuliang Ecological County Construction Plan (2007~2015);
‐ Fish-farming Development Plan of Jingdezhen Municipality (2005~2015);
‐ Mineral Resource Development Master Plan of Jingdezhen Municipality (2008~2015).
4.2. DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF CHANGJIANG RIVER BASIN
The systematic development of Raohe River Basin was started in 1992. As one of the two major tributaries for Raohe River Basin, the water resource development plan of Changjiang river basin has been included in the “Development Plan of Raohe River Basin in Jiangxi Province” which has been approved by the Ministry of Water Resource on April 22, 1992. According to the latest version of this plan dated May 1993, a comprehensive development plan has been
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 29 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
developed by Jiangxi Provincial Water Conservancy Planning and Design Institute focusing the main stream section of Changjiang River in Jiangxi Province. According to the plan, for Changjiang River, the section downstream of Jingdezhen should be mainly developed for the purpose of flood control and river navigation, and the upper and middle reaches should be mainly developed for hydropower generation with the considerations of flood control, river navigation and water supply.
4.2.1. CASCADE DEVELOPMENT
Based on the existing facilities on the main stream of Changjiang River when developing the plan (i.e. Nianyushan and Huanggang navigation gates), the main stream of Changjiang River Basin in Jiangxi Province is planned to be further developed into five steps considering the objectives of flood control, hydropower generation, water supply and river navigation. The five steps are respectively Wuxikou Hydro-complex, Zhangshukeng Hydropower Station, Jingdezhen Hydropower Station, Nianyushan Navigation Gate and Huanggang Navigation Gate. The detailed information of these facilities is below.
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 30 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
Figure 10: Cascade Development Plan of Changjiang River in Jiangxi Province (1993)
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 31 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT m m ) ) Yellow Sea Yellow Sea ( ( Elevation Elevation
Wuxikou
Zhangshukeng Jingdezhen Nianyushan Planned Facility Huanggang
Existing Facility
g du Locatio n Yaogongdu Nianyushan Nianyushan Huanggang Taiyangbu Guxian Qimen Pingli Wuxikou Zhangshuke Zhangshuke Jiuchen Luxi Luxi Daohu Boundary Provincial Zhangpeishan Qutan Estuary River Yangchun Zhitan Changfu Changfu Jingdezhen Dufengkeng
Dis. (km)
Water Level (m)
Figure 11: PROFILE OF CHANGJIANG RIVER CASCADE DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR JIANGXI PROVINCE
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 32 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
Table 11: KEY FEATURES FOR CASCADE DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF CHANGJIANG RIVER IN JIANGXI PROVINCE Name of Facility No. Name of Parameter Unit Wuxikou Zhangshukeng Jingdezhen Nianyushan Huanggang 1 River basin area km2 2931 3311 4016 5122 5428 2 Annual flow rate m3/s 85.1 95.3 117 3 Normal water level M 74.0 34.0 28.0 22.2 17.3 4 Capacity 108m3 4.1 Total capacity: 15.51 4.2 Adjustable capacity 9.25 4.3 Flood control capacity 1.89 5 Adjustable flow m3/s 45.3 46.6 50.6 6 Water head M 6.1 Maximum water head 40.8 6.0 5.8 4.9 6.2 Design water head 28.5 5.9 5.7 4.8 3.3 7 Firm power MW 7.1 Isolated operation 13.10 0.30 0.30 7.2 Combined operation 12.20 2.10 2.20 8 Installed capacity MW 51.00 9.60 7.50 9 Annual power generation GWh 9.1 Isolated operation 199 22 25 9.2 Combined operation 193 38 38
4.2.2. FLOOD CONTROL
As presented above, Wuxikou Hydro-complex is the only facility with regulation capacity in the cascade development of Changjiang River. Its designed flood control capacity is 1.84×108m3. With the installation of Wuxikou Reservoir alone, the flood control standard of Jingdezhen Municipality would be improved to the level of 10-28 years’ return period. The local farmland would have its flood control level increased from 6~8 year return period to 10~28 year return period. Together with the installation of river embankment in the urban area of Jingdezhen Municipality, the flood control standard of the city will be further improved to 50 years’ return period.
4.2.3. IRRIGATION
Since most of the farmland in Raohe river basin is centralized distributed in the river valley on the middle and lower reaches of tributaries for Changjiang River, the general principle of irrigation in the region is to use the water from different tributaries to meet the irrigation demand of their own basin. Accordingly, four irrigation zones have planned respectively based on corresponding tributaries of Le’an River and Changjiang River. The main stream of Changjiang River is not involved.
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 33 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
4.2.4. RIVER NAVIGATION
Changjiang River is the traffic line between Jingdezhen Municipality, Fuliang County and Poyang County, which is also the channel between Changjiang River, Yangtze River and Ganjiang River. The development water transportation will effectively ease the pressure on railway and highway; however, the Shallow water and numerous existing dams make it impossible for the development of river navigation for the tributaries of Changjiang River. The navigation management plan of Changjiang river basin focuses only on its main stream, as presented below.
Table 12: CHANGJIANG RIVER NAVIGATION MANAGEMENT PLAN Starting Point of Ending Point Objectives of River Planned Measures for River River Section of River Length (km) Rehabilitation Plan Rehabilitation (Downstream up) Section (2020)
1.5m water depth, Class Yaogongdu Huanggang 51 Dredging and river rehabilitation V navigation channel4
Installation of ship locks at 1.5m water depth, Class Huanggang Jingdezhen 38 Huanggang and Nianyushan V navigation channel Installation of Jingdezhen Water depth over 5m, Jingdezhen Jiucheng 15 Hydropower Station at Class V navigation Liuchangfutan channel Installation of Zhangshukeng Class VII navigation Jiucheng Daohu 71 and Wuxikou hydropower channel5 stations
4.2.5. SOIL CONSERVATION
Engineering measures have been planned for the prevention of sand and soil loss, which include 101,171 hilly ponds, 12 sand-catching dams and 29 slope collapse structures. By the year of 2020, there shall be an area of 1.10million mu with soil conservation measures implemented.
4.3. JINGDEZHEN URBAN DEVELOPMENT MASTER PLAN (2008~2030)
The Jingdezhen Urban Development Master Plan (2008~2030) was approved by Jiangxi Provincial Government in July 2011. This master plan covers all the aspects related to the urban development of Jingdezhen in the planned 22 years, and the planned development activities related to the study area/cascade development of Changjiang River have been summarized below.
4 Class V navigation channel, for the transportation of 300t tonnage vessels, with the water depth of 1.3-.16m as defined in «Navigation Standard for Inland Rivers » (GB50139-2004); 5 Class VII navigation channel, for the transportation of 50t tonnage vessels, with the water depth of 0.7~0.9m, as defined in «Navigation Standard for Inland Rivers » (GB50139-2004).
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 34 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
4.3.1. URBAN FLOOD CONTROL
In the short term (2015), the city dyke will be constructed up to the 1 in 50 years’ level, and Wuxikou reservoir will be constructed. With the flood regulation of Wuxikou reservoir, the flood control capacity of Jingdezhen Municipality against the floods of Changjiang River main stream will be improved to the level of 50~100 years’ return period. It is planned that the flood control standard of Changjiang River, Xihe River and Nanhe River will reach the level of 50~100 years’ return period.
4.3.2. ENVIRONMENTAL FUNCTIONAL ZONING
The urban section of Changjiang River in Jingdezhen Municipality will respectively implement the Class II and Class III surface water quality standard.
Table 13: Functional Zoning of Water Environment Name of Name of Cross Applicable Category Function River Section (GB 3838-2002) Fugang Background Class II Drinking water Yanghu WTP Class II source Main Stream Drinking water No.4 WTP Class II of source Changjiang River Guanyinge Reference Class II Control cross- Zhenbu Class III section Pollution Nianyushan Class III reduction Drinking water Nanhe River Huangnitou Class II source
4.3.3. WATER SUPPLY
It is expected that the maximum water consumption for the central urban area of Jingdezhen Municipality will be 420,000m3/d, 455,000m3/d and 540,000m3/d respectively by 2015, 2020 and 2030. To meet such demand, Changjiang River, Nanhe River and Yutian Reservoir will be the main water supply source for the urban area. To guarantee the urban water supply safety, the water intakes of Jingdenzhen WTPs will be moved upstream to Zhangshukeng, at the same time, the water diversion project from Wuxikou Reservoir to Jingdezhen has been planned. The water sources will be protected to maintain the national Class II ~ Class III standard for drinking water sources. The Changjiang River and Wuxikou Reservoir will be rationally utilized to guarantee the domestic and industrial water use and the water use for agriculture and other purposes. Accordingly, the WTPs of Jingdezhen Municipality by 2030 are planned as follows:
Table 14: WTP Planning of Jingdezhen Municipality by 2030 Current Capacity Planned Capacity No. Name of WTP Water Source Scope of Service (m3/d) (m3/d)
1 Yanghu WTP Changjiang River Main Urban Area 100,000 100,000 (East of 2 Guanyinge WTP Changjiang RiverChangjiang River) 60,000 60,000*
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 35 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
Current Capacity Planned Capacity No. Name of WTP Water Source Scope of Service (m3/d) (m3/d)
Main Urban Area (West of 3 No.4 WTP Changjiang River Changjiang 100,000 200,000 River), High-tech District and Luojia
4 No.5 WTP Yutian Reservoir East of urban area / 160,000
5 Fuliang WTP Changjiang River Fuliang and Luojia 25,000 60,000
Huangnitou Nanhe basin, east 6 Nanhe River 21,000 30,000 WTP of urban area Total / / 301,000 610,000 Note: By 2030, Guanyinge WTP will be used as a backup WTP for the city.
It is planned that the coverage of water supply service will reach 90% in the urban area in the short term (2015) and 100% in the long term (2030). The drinking water supply will cover 70% of the rural areas based on the water sources of mountain springs, reservoirs and rivers. For the hilly areas without mountain spring and reservoir, the large open wells can be used for the abstraction of groundwater.
4.3.4. WASTEWATER TREATMENT
In the planned 18 years’ span, it is planned to extend and complete the sewage network for the urban area. Separate sewage system will apply to all the newly constructed urban area. The wastewater from industrial polluters should be treated by themselves up to the national standard before discharge. The urban wastewater treatment rate should reach 70% by 2015 and 90% by 2030.
4.3.5. POWER SUPPLY
The power demand of Jingdezhen Municipality will be 3400GWh in 2015 and the maximum power supply load will be 708MW; in 2020, the power demand will increase to 5300GWh with the maximum power load of 1062MW; in 2030, the power demand will reach 7600GWh with the maximum power load of 1462MW.
To meet the power demand, the Jingdezhen Thermal Power Plant will be relocated in Nianyushan Town with the installed capacity of 2*600MW; at the same time, a 500kV substation (3*750MVA) will be constructed to connect with Jiangxi main grid. By 2030, twelve 110kV substations will be required for the central urban area with the total capacity of 1847MVA, 8 of which will be newly constructed. There will be six 220kV substations including four new ones.
4.3.6. RAILWAY
The existing Anhui-Jiangxi Railway will be reconstructed for electrification and the new Anhui- Jiangxi Railway will be put into use.
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 36 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
4.3.7. WATER TRANSPORTATION
It is planned to construct eight 500T berths at Lianggangqu Integrated Terminal with the annual throughput of 900,000t. Three 300t terminals (two for freight and one for containers) together with 3 berths at Liyao Terminal for bulk cargo (with the annual throughput of 900,00t) will be constructed. With the construction of Wuxikou Hydro-complex Project upstream, Changjiang River navigation channel will be rehabilitated into a Grade V channel for the navigation of 300t- tonnage vessels.
4.4. SURFACE WATER (ENVIRONMENTAL) FUNCTIONAL ZONING OF JIANGXI PROVINCE
According to the surface water (environmental) functional zoning of Jiangxi Province and the Chinese surface water quality standard (GB3838-2002), Changjiang River is divided into the following sections in view of their different functions:
a. Anhui-Jiangxi Buffer Zone: from the entry point of Changjiang River into Jiangxi Province to Chengmen section of Xingtian Township, 6.5km long near the boundary between Anhui and Jiangxi provinces), defined as Class III for landscaping purpose;
b. Fuliang Reserved Zone: from Chengmen of Xingtian Township to Chaotianmen, 60km long, with the water quality target of Class III for landscaping purpose;
c. Jingdezhen Development and Utilization Zone: from Chaotianmen of Fuliang County to Nianyushan Ship Lock of Nianyushan Town, which is a 36km long involving the urban area, with the water quality target of Class II~III for various purposes of drinking water source (upstream of Jingdezhen urban area), industrial water use (downstream of Jingdezhen urban area) and landscape (the sub-section further downstream of Jingdezhen urban area).
The detailed functional zoning for the main stream of Changjiang River within Jiangxi Province is indicated in the following Figure 12.
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 37 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
Drinking Water Intake Water for Industrial Use (Class III) Water for Landscape (Class III) Drinking Water Source Protection Zone (Class II) Changjiang Scope of River Basin River
Fuliang County
Poyang County
Jingdezhen
Raohe River Changjiang River
Leping Municipality
Le’an River
Figure 12: Functional Zoning of Changjiang River
4.5. FULIANG ECOLOGICAL COUNTY CONSTRUCTION PLAN (2007~2015)
The overall objectives of this plan include: By fully taking the ecological and environmental advantages of Fuliang County, implement the development strategic concept of “Cultural and Ecological County, Economically strong and green county and featured tourism county” based on the local environmental and resource carrying capacity.
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 38 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
4.6. FISH-FARMING DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF JINGDEZHEN MUNICIPALITY
A fish-farming water area development plan for Jingdezhen Municipality (2005~2015) was developed by Jingdezhen Municipal Agriculture Bureau in August 2006. The plan focuses on the fish-farming development of Fuliang County by 2015. In the plan, the water surface of Wuxikou Hydro-complex Project (over 30000mu) and existing Zhangshukeng Hydropower Station (1000mu) has been identified as the area available for the development of fish farms. The development objective of the plan is to have a total area of 21400mu for fish farms in Fuliang County with fishery output value up to 90million by 2015. Accordingly, four major fish- farming bases have been proposed, namely suburban leisure fishery commercial fish base, northern non-pollution fish-farming base, river crab base and fry breeding base. Among others, the Zhangshukeng hydropower station has been included in the planning scope of the northern non-pollution fish-farming base, while Wuxikou Reservoir has been proposed as one of the two areas (the other is Yutian Reservoir) for fry breeding.
4.7. MINERAL RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT MASTER PLAN OF JINGDEZHEN MUNICIPALITY (2008~2015)
The mineral resource development master plan of Jingdezhen Municipality (2008~2015) aims at the establishment of characteristic and competitive new-type mineral industry system, the fundamental conversion of resource utilization and economic growth mode, and coordinated development of mineral resource exploitation and environmental protection. It is planned that the gross output value of mineral industry will reach 50billion yuan by 2020.
Sand excavation will be limited to certain section of Changjiang River main stream (Nianyushan Ship Lock to Shazuitou Bridge) under stringent licensing system and management regulations. (Revision of River Sand Excavation Management Method for Jiangxi Province, dated July 2012).
4.8. SUMMARY OF RELEVANT SECTOR DEVELOPMENT PLANS
To sum up, the existing sector development plans related to the study area in the short term and long terms will cover the following aspects.
Table 15 : Summary of Sector Development Activities in the Study Area of CIA Name of Relevant Sector Aspect Planned Development Activities Time Horizon Development Plan Development Plan of Raohe River Installation of Jingdezhen Cascade Basin in Jiangxi Province Hydropower Station with the installed 2020 Development (2000~2020) capacity of 7.50MW Development Plan of Raohe River Rehabilitation of the lower reach of Basin in Jiangxi Province River Navigation Changjiang River (main stream) into (2000~2020) and Jingdezhen Urban 2030 Management a Grade V channel for the navigation Development Master Plan of 300t-tonnage vessels (2008~2030)
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 39 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
Name of Relevant Sector Aspect Planned Development Activities Time Horizon Development Plan Completion of city dyke for urban area of Jingdezhen and Wuxikou Urban Flood Jingdezhen Urban Development Hydro-complex Project to improve 2015 Control Master Plan (2008~2030) the overall flood control standard of Jingdezhen Municipality up to 50~100 years’ return period.
Moving of water intake for Jingdezhen WTP upstream to Zhangshukeng to maintain the national Class II ~ Class III Jingdezhen Urban Development Water Supply standard ; Rational use of 2030 Master Plan (2008~2030) Changjiang River and Wuxikou Reservoir to guarantee the domestic and industrial water use and the use for agriculture and other purposes
Relocation of Jingdezhen Thermal Jingdezhen Urban Development Power Plant at Nianyushan Town Power Supply 2015 Master Plan (2008~2030) (with the installed capacity of 2*600MW)
Jingdezhen Urban Development Reconstruction of existing Anhui- Railway 2030 Master Plan (2008~2030) Jiangxi Railway for electrification Development of existing Zhangshukeng Hydropower Station Fish-farming Water Area Fish-farming into part of the proposed northern Development Plan for Jingdezhen 2015 Industry non-pollution fish-farming base and Municipality (2005~2015) Wuxikou Reservoir into one of the fry breeding bases.
Based on the above table, it is shown that with the completion of proposed Wuxikou Hydro- complex, it will provide great support to guarantee the water supply security of Jingdezhen Municipality and to improve the flood control standard of the city up to 50~100 years’ return period together with the city dyke. It is also planned to be developed into one of the two planned fry breeding bases for Jingdezhen Municipality. Additionally, the re-routing of partial Anhui- Jiangxi Railway under the proposed Wuxikou Hydro-complex is consistent with the reconstruction of existing Anhui-Jiangxi Railway for electrification proposed under Jingdezhen Urban Development Master Plan (2008~2030). With the completion of cascade development on the main stream of Changjiang River, the river is planned to be the Grade V channel for the navigation of 300t-tonnage vessels for its lower reach downstream of Jingdezhen. However, as understood from local authorities, the proposed installation of Jingdezhen Hydropower Station with the installed capacity of 7.50MW currently remains a pending issue due to the great water head loss based on the current developments of main stream for Changjiang River. Currently the local government is considering the options of building a rubber dam at Jingdezhen section to maintain the water surface for the landscaping of urban area. Although the technical design remains to be defined, this consideration has been included as the long term development (2030) in the CIA study.
Therefore the short-term (2020) and long-term scenarios (2030) of future development activities for the CIA study are presented below.
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 40 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
Table 16: Short-term (2020) and Long-term Scenarios (2030) of Future Development Activities for CIA Study Horizon Short Term (2020) Long Term (2030) ‐ Completion of Wuxikou Reservoir together with related supporting project (resettlement, railway re- routing and power transmission line); ‐ Installation of rubber dam at ‐ Completion of planned city dyke for Jingdezhen to maintain the water the urban area of Jingdezhen; surface for the landscaping of ‐ Rational use of water resource in urban area; Main Changjiang River and Wuxikou ‐ Drinking water supply capacity of Development Reservoir to guarantee water use of 550,000m3/d for the urban area; Activities Jingdezhen Municipality; ‐ Licensed sand excavation within ‐ Development of Wuxikou Reservoir specified river section under the as fry breeding base for Jingdezhen*; management of local water ‐ Licensed sand excavation within resource bureau. specified river section under the management of local water resource bureau.
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 41 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
5.IDENTIFICATION OF KEY VECS
5.1. IDENTIFICATION OF KEY VECS
In view of very tight schedule, it is agreed the CIA aims to be flexible and realistic in determining the level of details for the assessment and geographic focus required to cover important issues. It is recognized that the timetable and budget available for the study does not allow for collection of primary data. The work will be basically carried out based on desk studies. Even with this approach, the study has to focus on the issues that are most important for the consultation and decision-making for the project. This means not all the sectors and issues are necessarily handled with the same level of details and geographic coverage. Therefore, the key Valuable Ecological Components has been identified with the following screening process, in which the direct and indirect environmental impacts of identified development activities in the study area in the short term and long term have been listed and scored for their cumulative, persistent and regional effects.
In the earlier domestic EIA study, a number of direct and indirect impacts have been identified as the potential results of the combination of proposed Wuxikou Hydro-complex and existing developments in Changjiang river basin. The CIA is carried out based on the outcomes of ealier domestic EIA study, in which the major project impacts are identified as:
• Flood control of Jingdezhen Municipality
• Land acquisition and resettlement
• Soil erosion
• Impacts on terrestrial ecosystem (vegetation, terrestrial wildlife and nature reserve)
• Changes of hydraulic regime with reservoir operation
• Impacts on river water quality with project operation
• Downstream water use with reservoir impoundment
• Impacts on local aquatic ecology and fishery resources
These potential environmental and social impacts will be of different significance at different project stages with also different characteristics in terms of cumulative, persistent and regional effects, as presented below:
1) The project is expected to bring significant positive impacts on flood control of Jingdezhen Municipality;
2) Potential impacts related to air quality and noise will be considerablely negative; however, these impacts are only temporary and limited to project construction period and relevant project sites without cumulative, persistent and regional effects. Their detailed analysis and corresponding mitigation measures have been included in the EIA of each project/activity; therefore, they will not be further discussed in this CIA report;
3) There will be expected negative impacts on soil erosion, land use and terrestrial vegetation but not significant in the river basin background;
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 42 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
4) The impacts on hydraulic regime, water quality, downstream water use and aquatic ecology are considered to be relatively significant and cumulative/persistent/regional, in particular, the impacts on hydraulic regime, water quality and fishery resources.
In addition to the above elements, the identification of key VECs for the CIA study was further carried out by meeting with the project developer and consultation with key stakeholders in the basin-wide scope (see Section 8.4.3 for details), which shows that the public obverations and concerns concerning the environmental and social impacts resulting from cascade development of Changjiang River are mainly related to the following elements:
• Water quality deterioration of Changjiang River
• Decrease of fishery resources
• Livelihood recovery after resettlement
The public consultation confirms that water quality and aquatic ecology are two key elements for the CIA study. Despite the RAP specially developed for the Wuxikou project for mitigating negative social impacts in relation to project land acquisition and resettlement, the possibility of further mitigation measures for the protection of fishery resources should also be studied to help with the livelihood recovery of affected persons.
Based on the above analysis and investigation, four key VECs have been identified for this CIA study, including:
‐ Hydraulic regime
‐ Water quality
‐ Aquatic ecology
‐ Downstream water use
The preliminary analysis of these environmental impacts has been summarized in the screening table below to evaluate the significance of their impacts in relation to other projects/activities identified in the review of sector planning in Chapter 4, and the following Chapter 6 will further analyze their cumulative environmental impacts in details.
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 43 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
Table 17: Screening of Cumulative Environmental Impacts for Cascade Development of Changjiang River Main Stream (Jiangxi Section) Development Activities in Study Area
Short-term (2020) Long-term (2030) Mining Overall Key Factor Fry- Activities Score Wuxikou Completi Jingdezhen Reservoir Dam Joint Flood Power Water breeding Increase of (sand Hydro- on of City Rubber Impoundment Barrier Regulation Generation Supply Base at Drinking WS excavation) complex Dyke Dam Wuxikou Water -2 ±1 -2 -2 ±1 ±1 +1 ±1 ±1 ±1 -2 ±2 Quality
Hydraulic ±2 ±1 ±3 ±3 ±1 ±3 ±1 0 ±2 ±1 ±2 ±3 Regime
Aquatic -2 0 ±2 -3 ±2 0 0 +2 ±2 ±1 -2 ±3 Ecology
Downstrea m Water -2 0 ±2 0 +2 ±2 ±2 0 ±2 -2 -2 ±2 Use
Note: 1. “+” and “-” respectively stand for positive and negative impacts; 2. “0, 1, 2, 3” indicate the levels of impact significance, respectively neglectable, minor, medium and significant.
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 44 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
5.2. DEFINITION OF THRESHOLD VALUES FOR IDENTIFIED KEY VECS
Based on the applicable Chinese environmental laws and regulations and relevant sector development plans, the threshold values for identified key VECs have been accordingly defined as follows.
5.2.1. HYDRAULIC REGIME
The existing cascade developments on the mainstream stream of Changjiang River include Zhangshukeng, Nianyushan and Huanggang, in which Zhangshukeng is a run-of-river hydropower station, Nianyushan and Huanggang are both ship locks without major impacts on the downstream flow. Therefore, in the short term, the discharge flow of proposed Wuxikou Hydro-complex Project should be carefully designed to meet the downstream ecological water use and the water use for other purposes, as analyzed below.
With reference to the “Technical Guidance for EIA of River Ecological Water Use, Low- temperature Water and Fish Pass Facilities for Hydropower and Water Conservancy Projects (trial version)” issued by the Ministry of Environmental Protection in Jan. 2006, the hydrologic method has been adopted in the calculation of minimum ecological flow rate based on the current data availability and the characteristics of Changjiang River. Two popular hydrologic methods have been compared, namely Tennant based on annual flow rate and 7Q10 based on average flow rate of the driest month at P=90%. The calculation results of Tennant and 7Q10 methods are respectively 8.87m3/s and 5.06m3/s. The 7Q10 method considers the factor of water quality. With the calculated flow based on this method can ensure the survival of aquatic life in the river but not favorable for the long-term sustainability of local aquatic life and ecosystem.
On the other hand, the method of Tennant was developed based on the statistics of abundant studies and has been proved to be effective for maintaining local good ecosystem conditions during planning phase. However, it is noticed that currently no sufficient baseline data available for the river basin (hydrological monitoring data and basin-wide acquatic ecological survey) to quantify the calculation of the above-mentioned minimum ecological flow in a specific context.
Therefore, the flow rate of 8.87m3/s has been conservatively recommended as the minimum ecological flow downstream of proposed Wuxikou Hydro-complex in this CIA study.
5.2.2. WATER QUALITY
As mentioned before, currently there is no sufficient baseline data available for the river basin (basin-wide acquatic ecological survey) to specify the water quality demand for local aquatic species. Therefore, the threshod values for water quality in the study are defined based on the currently applicable national surface water standard and environmental functional zoning of Changjiang River.
According the functional zoning of water environment for main stream of Changjiang River, the corresponding water quality targets of different river sections within the study area are shown below with reference to the environmental quality of surface water (GB3838-2002).
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 45 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
Table 18: Water Quality Targets of Different River Sections within Study Area Water Quality Threshold Value (mg/L Name of River Section Key Indicators Classification except pH) pH 6~9 DO 5 COD 6 Entry point of Changjiang River into Mn COD 20 Jiangxi Province ~ Chaotianmen of Class III Cr Fuliang County BOD5 4 NH3-N 1.0 TP 0.2 (0.056) TN 1.0 pH 6~9 DO 6 COD 4 Chaotianmen of Fuliang County ~ Mn Estuary of Xihe River into Class II CODCr 15 Changjiang River BOD5 3 NH3-N 0.5 TP 0.1 (0.0257) TN 0.5 pH 6~9 DO 5 COD 6 Estuary of Xihe River into Mn COD 20 Changjiang River ~ Yaogongdu of Class III Cr Poyang County BOD5 4 NH3-N 1.0 TP 0.2 (0.058) TN 1.0
5.2.3. AQUATIC ECOLOGY
It is understood that the only aquatic background information currently available is from the acquatic ecology study carried out limited to the affected river section of proposed Wuxikou Hydro-complex during the preparation of domestic EIA. There is no basin-wide acquatic ecology carried out for Changjiang River. Therefore, the following national/local laws and regulations should be observed during the process of cascade development along the main stream of Changjiang River:
• Law of Fishery of the People’s Republic of China (revised in August 2004)
• Program of Actions for the Protection of Aquatic Resources in China issued by the State Council in February, 2006
• Interim Measures for the Administration of Aquatic Germplasm Resources Conservation Zones issued by Ministry of Agriculture, effective since March 1st, 2011
6 0.05mg/L applie to lakes and reservoirs, GB3838-2002. 7 0.025mg/L applie to lakes and reservoirs, GB3838-2002. 8 0.05mg/L applie to lakes and reservoirs, GB3838-2002.
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 46 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
5.2.4. DOWNSTREAM WATER USE
Besides hydropower generation and water transportation, Changjiang River is mainly used for urban water supply and industrial water use. The water use for drinking water, industrial use, agricultural use and all the other purposes in the study area needs to be guaranteed with the cascade development. According to the investigation carried out with the support of project owner, the rural irrigation downstream of Wuxikou is all from local ponds instead of taking water from Changjiang River. Therefore, the expected water use downstream of Wuxikou Hydro- complex is mainly for the domestic and industrial use. Investigation has been carried out during this CIA study to quantify the water use downstream of proposed Wuxikou Hydro-complex, as detailed in Section 6.3.
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 47 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
6. ANALYSIS OF POTENTIAL CUMULATIVE IMPACTS
6.1. INTRODUCTION
Based on the identified key VECs, this chapter will further analyze the cumulative environmental impacts of development activities in the study area on water quality, hydraulic regime, aquatic ecology and downstream water use within the assessed short-term and long-term horizons (namely 2020 and 2030). The established threshold values of the key VECs will be considered as the minimum environmental requirements for the above-mentioned aspects in the study.
As presented in 4.8 and the following table, there is limited water head remaining for the originally proposed Jingdezhen hydropower station, and the local authority is considering developing this cascade into a simple rubber dam for maintain certain water surface within the urban area of Jingdezhen Municipality.
Table 19: Comparison of Current Progress and Plan for Cascade Development of Changjiang River Main Stream in Jiangxi Province
Technical /Economic Name of Facility No. Indicator Wuxikou Zhangshukeng Jingdezhen Nianyushan Huanggang
1 Catchment Area (km2) 2915 3311 4016 5122 5428
Normal Planned 74 34 28 21.5 17.3 2 water level (m) Current 56 34 tbd 21.5 17.3 Total Storage Planned 1551 / / / / 3 Capacity (million m3) Current 427 / / / / Planned 28.5 6.0 5.8 4.9 / Max. Water 4 Head (m) Current 21.87 6.0 tbd 4.9 /
Installed Planned 51 9.60 7.50 / / 5 Capacity （MW） Current 32 10 / 2.60 /
Under 6 Current Status tbd In operation In operation In operation preparation
Commissionin 7 Time of Operation g planned in / 2008 1987 1992 2016
Accordingly, the impact analysis will be carried out based on the following two scenarios: short- term scenario (2020) and long-term scenario (2030), as detailed below:
Table 20: Short-term and Long-term Development Scenarios for Impact Analysis Name of Scenario Short-term Scenario Long-term Scenario Time Horizon 2020 2030
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 48 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
Name of Scenario Short-term Scenario Long-term Scenario ‐ Completion of Wuxikou Reservoir together with related supporting project (resettlement, railway re- routing and power ‐ Installation of rubber dam at transmission line); Jingdezhen to maintain the ‐ Completion of planned city water surface for the dyke for the urban area of landscaping of urban area; Jingdezhen; ‐ Drinking water supply ‐ Rational use of water 3 Development capacity of 550,000m /d for resource in Changjiang River Activities the urban area; and Wuxikou Reservoir to ‐ Licensed sand excavation guarantee water use of within specified river section Jingdezhen Municipality; under the management of ‐ Development of Wuxikou local water resource Reservoir as fry breeding bureau. base for Jingdezhen*; ‐ Licensed sand excavation within specified river section under the management of local water resource bureau.
6.2. HYDRAULIC REGIME
6.2.1. INTRODUCTION
With the cascade development on the main stream of Changjiang River in Jiangxi Province, the hydraulic regime of Changjiang River will changed in terms of water level, water surface and flow rate. The changes of hydraulic regime will mainly relate to the dam barrier with the installation and operation of cascade developments
In the cascade developments of Wuxikou-Zhangshukeng-Nianyushan-Huanggang as the short- term scenario, Nianyushan and Huanggang are both ship locks without regulation capacity, the planned Jingdezhen cascade will probably be a rubber dam for water surface retaining, and Zhangshukeng is a low water head hydropower station with limited regulation capacity (4.89*106m3). These run-of-river facilities will generally have little impact on the river flow. As the only reservoir with regulating capacity planned on the main stream of Changjiang River, Wuxikou reservoir will accordingly play a major role in the expected changes of hydraulic regime for the main stream of Changjiang River taking account of limited regulating capacity of Zhangshukeng Hydropower Station, no matter for the short-term scenario or long-term scenario.
6.2.2. IMPACTS WITH ANNUAL REGULATION OF WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT
According to current operation rules, the water level of proposed Wuxikou Reservoir will vary between 50m (flood restricted level) and 56m (normal water level). The fluctuation of its water level for flood regulation in a year is designed as shown in the figure below.
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 49 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
Figure 13: Annual Variation of Water Level in Wuxikou Reservoir
As shown above, since Wuxikou reservoir is mainly designed for the purpose of flood control, its water level variation is great and seasonably opposite to the water level fluctuation of a natural river. In flood season, the reservoir is operated at a low water level; the reservoir impoundment will start at the end of a flood season and its water level will maintain at a high level until the next flood season. Compared with the natural conditions, the river flow downstream will increase in dry season and decrease in wet season.
The calculation results based on the historic hydrological data show that the flow rate at Wuxikou dam site under current conditions changes dramatically in a year, as shown in the following chart. The annual average flow rate of Wuxikou under natural conditions is statistically about 88.7m3/s with the maximum flow rate recorded as 200m3/s in 1954 and the minimum flow rate as 38.1m3/s in 1963.
Wuxikou Reservoir is designed as a seasonal regulating reservoir, which means it will not change the inter-annual runoff distribution but to some extent equalize the natural streamflow process in a year. Based on the results of reservoir simulation operation in typical years (wet, normal and dry), the discharge flow will generally decrease in rainy season and increase in dry season. According to the simulation results, the ten-day average flow rate will at most reduce by 46.90m3/s in rainy season and increase by 32.4m3/s in dry season. Generally speaking, with the operation of cascade developments, the streamflow process in Changjiang River will be equalized compared to the natural process. However, there will still possibly be sudden change of discharge particularly at the beginning of a flood season, which may threaten the life and property safety of the residents living right downstream of Wuxikou Reservoir without beforehand notice.
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 50 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0 123456789101112 Normal Year (Natural) Wet Year (Natural) Dry Year (Natural) Normal Year (Regulated) Wet Year (Regulated) Dry Year (Regulated)
Figure 14: Flow Regulation of Wuxikou Reservoir Compared with Natural Process
6.2.3. IMPACTS WITH DAILY REGULATION OF WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT
Based on the current design, Wuxikou Hydro-complex will be installed with two large-capacity generators and one small-capacity generator respectively with the single-unit discharge of 127m3/s and 15m3/s. For the purpose of peak regulation for the local power grid, the hydropower station will be operated about 6 hours per day in dry season, twice respectively about 3 hours in the morning and at night. With the joint operation of Wuxikou and Zhangshukeng, even if the water level of Zhangshukeng Hydropower Station drops to the dead water level (33m) in very dry season or when Wuxikou stops power generation, Wuxikou reservoir can still maintain a water depth of 4m, and the regulation capacity of Zhangshukeng (4.89million m3) can be used for at least three consecutive days’ discharge of 15m3/s for the downstream section. On the other hand, the Nianyushan Ship Lock about 20km downstream of Jingdezhen can also work as a re-regulating reservoir to provide water source for the water supply of Jingdezhen Municipality. Its normal water level before the dam is 22.2m, and the water volume within 0.5m’s water depth (at the level between 21.7m and 22.2m) is about 1.50 million m3, which is sufficient to meet the water demand of Jingdezhen Municipality.
In addition, with several big branches’ inflow in the Wuxikou Reservoir downstream 2km and 40km, Jiaotan River and Donghe River, Xihe River, Nanhe River of Changjiang River, the daily regulation discharge will be gradually close to the natural discharge flow in dry season, and the changes of daily water level will be reduced.
6.2.4. CONCLUSIONS
The above analysis shows that among all the earlier identified projects/activities, Wuxikou reservoir will play a key role in the changes of hydraulic regime for Changjiang River. However, the reservoir operation will not change the inter-annual runoff distribution but to some extent equalize the natural streamflow process in a year. The proposed seasonal regulation of Wuxikou Hydro-complex will change the runoff distribution in a year for the lower reaches. The discharge flow in rainy season will decrease in comparison with natural conditions; however, in dry season, the discharge flow will increase with the reservoir regulation. Therefore, except in
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 51 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
the rainy season from April to June, the runoff downstream of the dam will be stabilized. However, with the existing cascade development on the river, the impacts on hydraulic regime are only considered significant within the reservoir area, but not for the downstream sections.
6.3. DOWNSTREAM WATER USE
As mentioned above, the water conservancy facilities involved in the cascade development for the main stream of Changjiang River, Wuxikou is the only one with significant water storage capacity. According to the survey9, there is no existing and proposed water transfer project in the study area and no rural irrigation facilities taking water from Changjiang River. The villages along this studied section of Changjiang River are all living on spring water or groundwater. On the other hand, the current investigation shows all the major water users in the studied area are located within the section from Chaotianmen of Fuliang County to Nianyushan, mainly including all the existing and planned WTPs and all the major industrial water users like Jingdezhen Thermal Power Plant, as shown in Figure 6. Among others, the demand of cooling water for Jingdezhen Thermal Power Plant will be around 13million m3/year, that is, 0.41m3/d by average. According to the Jingdezhen Urban Development Master Plan (2008~2030), the total water demand of all the municipal WTPs (Yanghu WTP) will amount to 455,000m3/d in the short-term scenario (2020) and 550,000m3/d in the long-term scenario (2030), as detailed in the table below.
Table 21: WTP Capacity of Jingdezhen Municipality for Short-term and Long-term Scenario Short-term Long-term No. Name of WTP Water Source Capacity (by 2020, Capacity (by 2030, m3/d) m3/d) 1 Yanghu WTP Changjiang River 100,000 100,000
2 Guanyinge WTP Changjiang River 60,000 / *
3 No.4 WTP Changjiang River 200,000 200,000
4 No.5 WTP Yutian Reservoir 40,000 160,000
5 Fuliang WTP Changjiang River 25,000 60,000
6 Huangnitou WTP Nanhe River 30,000 30,000
Total / 455,000 550,000 Note: Guanyinge WTP will be used as backup WTP for the city by 2030; therefore, its capacity is not counted in the total capacity.
The Wuxikou Hydro-complex is proposed to be installed with two 15MW generators for power generation and one 2MW generator for maintaining the grid base load and ecological discharge in dry season. Only during the maintenance of this 2MW generator (normally 1~2days in the rainy season of April~June), the 15MW generator will be used to release the environmental discharge as required. The design flow rate of the 2MW generator is 15m3/s, which means the minimum discharge from the proposed installation of Wuxikou Hydro-complex will be 15m3/s.
9 "Water Resources assessment of Wuxikou Hydro-Complex Project Jiangxi Province " made by Jiangxi water conservancy planning and designing institute in January 2009.
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 52 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
Therefore 15m3/s will be used in the following analysis to check its reliability to guarantee the downstream water demand (both for domestic and industrial water use and minimum environmental flow). By considering the inflow from related tributaries, the results of detailed analysis are presented in the following two tables.
Table22: WATER USE DOWNSTREAM OF WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX (2020 SHORT-TERM SCENARIO) Inflow from Tributary Name of within the Remaining Inflow Name of River Section Total Water Flow Rate of Tributary Name of Major Users Section (Average flow Demand (m3/s) Changjiang within the rate of driest River (m3/s) Section month, P=90% m3/s) Wuxikou dam / / / / 15 site Wuxikou to Jiaotan 0.39 / / 15* Zhangshukeng River Zhangshukeng Donghe 1.11 / / 16.11 to Chaotianmen River Fuliang County WTP, Yanghu WTP, Chaotianmen to No.4 WTP, Xihe River 0.92 6.43 10.60 Zhushan Bridge Guanyinge WTP and other industrial self- suppliers Zhushan Bridge Nanhe Huangnitou WTP and 0.98 0.70 10.88 to Dufengkeng River proposed No.5 WTP Nianyushan Town Dufengkeng to / / WTP and Jingdezhen 0.56 10.32 Nianyushan Thermal Power Plant
Total / 3.40 / 7.69 10.32
Note: * With the regulation of Zhangshukeng Hydropower Station, the inflow from Jiaotan River will not change the flow rate downstream of Zhangshukeng.
Table23: WATER USE DOWNSTREAM OF WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX (2030 LONG-TERM SCENARIO) Inflow from Tributary Name of within the Remaining Inflow Name of River Section Total Water Flow Rate of Tributary Name of Major Users Section (Average Demand (m3/s) Changjiang within the flow rate of River (m3/s) Section driest month, P=90% m3/s) Wuxikou dam / / / / 15 site Wuxikou to Jiaotan 0.39 / / 15* Zhangshukeng River Zhangshukeng Donghe 1.11 / / 16.11 to Chaotianmen River
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 53 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
Inflow from Tributary Name of within the Remaining Inflow Name of River Section Total Water Flow Rate of Tributary Name of Major Users Section (Average Demand (m3/s) Changjiang within the flow rate of River (m3/s) Section driest month, P=90% m3/s) Fuliang County WTP, Yanghu WTP, Chaotianmen to No.4 WTP, Xihe River 0.92 6.14 10.89 Zhushan Bridge Guanyinge WTP and other industrial self- suppliers
Zhushan Bridge Nanhe Huangnitou WTP and 0.98 2.09 9.78 to Dufengkeng River proposed No.5 WTP Nianyushan Town Dufengkeng to WTP / / 0.56 9.22 Nianyushan Jingdezhen Thermal Power Plant Total / 3.40 / 8.79 9.22 Note: * With the regulation of Zhangshukeng Hydropower Station, the inflow from Jiaotan River will not change the flow rate downstream of Zhangshukeng.
As presented above, the maximum water demand downstream of Wuxikou Hydro-complex Project for domestic and industrial purposes will be 7.69m3/s for the short term and 8.79m3/s for the long term. The calculation has considered all the planned WTPs and industrial water uses as part of Jingdezhen Municipal Urban Development Plan by 2030. Even in the short-term, the projection of total water demand has exceeded the expectation included in the original EIA report, which is about 6.44m3/s. That means, with the operation of Wuxikou Hydro-complex, after satisfying the maximum demand of domestic and industrial water use downstream, its designed minimum discharge (15m3/s) can fully meet the downstream water demand considering the joint operation with the downstream Zhangshukeng hydropower station, no matter in the short-term or long-term scenario. The remaining flow rate for lower reachs of the river will be 10.32m3/s for the short term and 9.22m3/s for the long term; both are much higher than the historical minimum flow of Changjiang River (1.28m3/s).
In general, the water use by the project will not affect the utilization of water resources within the study area, and the conditions of industrial and domestic water use in the middle and lower reaches of Changjiang River will be significantly improved.
6.4. WATER QUALITY
6.4.1. WATER QUALITY OBJECTIVES OF STUDY AREA
As presented in Section 4.4, according to the “Surface Water (Environment) Function Zoning in Jiangxi Province” as approved by Jiangxi Environmental Protection Bureau, the water quality of the studied section of Changjiang River falls into Class II and Class III by different parts based on defined functions, as detailed below.
Table 24: Water Quality Classification in Study Area of Jingdezhen Municipality
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 54 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
Water Quality No. River Section Function Classification Length (km) (GB3838-2002) Entry point of Changjiang River into Jiangxi Province (Point A in Figure Water for 1 Class III 66.5 15) ~ Chaotianmen of Fuliang Landscape County (Point B) Development Chaotianmen of Fuliang County and Utilization 2 (Point B) ~ Nianyushan Ship Lock Zone for Class II ~ Class III 36 (Point C) Jingdezhen Municipality Class I water Chaotianmen of Fuliang County 2.1 source Class II / (Point B) ~ Guanyinge (Point B-1) protection zone Guanyinge (Point B-1) ~ 0.5km Class II water 2.2 upstream of Xihe River Estuary into source Class III / Changjiang River (Point B-2) protection zone 0.5km upstream of Xihe River Estuary into Changjiang River (Point Water for 2.3 Class III / B-2) ~ Nianyushan Ship Lock (Point industrial use C) Reserved area Downstream of Nianyushan Ship 3 for Jingdezhen Class III 14.5 Lock (Point C) Municipality
The water source protection zones and the water intakes in the protection zones will be the key protective targets within the study area. These water source protection zones are about 36~53km downstream of Wuxikou dam, and the most upstream water intake is about 40km from the proposed Wuxikou Reservoir.
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 55 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
A
B
B-1
B-2
C
Figure 15: Water Quality Functional Zoning of Changjiang River in Jingdezhen Municipality
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 56 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
6.4.2. IMPACTS ON WATER QUALITY WITHIN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX
As is understood, there is no industrial polluter upstream of Wuxikou Hydro-complex, and the water pollution mainly consists of non-point pollution and domestic wastewater from the five upstream rural towns/townships in Fuliang County, as presented below. In the projection, the natural population growth rate is taken as 8‰ for these rural areas, and a 10% mechanical growth rate of population is assumed for the year of 2017 (operation of Wuxikou Hydro-complex) considering the economic stimulus of Wuxikou project.
Table 25: Projection of Incoming Pollutants from Domestic Wastewater for Wuxikou Hydro-complex Pollutant Generation by 2020 Pollutant Generation by 2030 Domestic Domestic Wastewater NH – Wastewater NH – Area COD BOD 3 TN TP COD BOD 3 TN TP Discharge 5 N Discharge 5 N (t/year) (t/year) (t/year) (t/year) (t/year) (t/year) (t/year) (t/year) (10000 (t/year) (10000 (t/year) m3/year) m3/year) Sitan 70.18 140.35 126.32 50.53 19.20 1.00 76.00 151.99 136.79 54.72 20.79 1.08 Township Xingtian 21.31 42.62 38.36 15.34 5.83 0.30 23.08 46.15 41.54 16.62 6.31 0.33 Township Jiaotan Town 32.74 65.48 58.93 23.57 8.96 0.47 35.46 70.91 63.82 25.53 9.70 0.50 Jiangcun 13.00 26.00 23.40 9.36 3.56 0.18 14.08 28.15 25.34 10.14 3.85 0.20 Township Jinggongqiao 5.49 10.97 9.87 3.95 1.50 0.08 5.94 11.88 10.69 4.28 1.63 0.08 Town Total 142.71 285.42 256.88 102.75 39.05 2.03 154.55 309.09 278.18 111.27 42.28 2.20
According to the urban development master plan of Jingdezhen Municipality, great efforts will be put by local government on the control of non-point pollution by strict managing the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides and converting degraded farmland into forest and grass land. It is expected that the non-point pollution will decrease in the coming decades. With about 10000 people’s resettlement caused by the project out of the reservoir area and the consequent decrease of farmland area, the data listed below shows the conservative estimate for the annual discharge of TN and TP (assuming no reduction of non-point pollution for both short term and long term except that resulting from the decrease of farmland area). Therefore, as analyzed in the domestic EIA, Wuxikou reservoir is classified as a mesotrophication lake, and with its large amount of water replacement by seasonal regulation, it isn’t expected to turn into an eutrophication lake.
Table 26: Non-point Source Pollution for Wuxikou Hydro-complex (2020 and 2030) Pollutant Discharge (t/year) Area TN TP
Sitan township 21.01 6.12 6.25 1.75 Xingtian township 10.26 3.08 Jiaotan town 3.82 0.93 Jiangcun township 1.99 0.51 Jinggongqiao town
Total 43.33 12.39
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 57 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
Based on the information from domestic EIA, also by using the drifting attenuation mode for narrow lakes, the COD and NH3-N concentrations at the end of Wuxikou Reservoir are expected as follows for the two scenarios. The projection results are compliant with the required Class II national standard (GB3838-2002).
Table 27: Water Quality Projection of Wuxikou Reservoir (2020 and 2030) Background Indicator 2020 Projection 2030 Projection Concentration COD 9.0 9.34 9.37 NH3-N 0.083 0.084 0.084
6.4.3. IMPACTS OF WATER QUALITY IN THE STUDIED RIVER SECTION
In the existing three cascade development (Zhangshukeng, Nianyushan and Huanggang), Nianyushan and Huanggang is mainly for navigation with little impact on local water quality. The operation of Zhangshukeng Hydropower Station was started in 2008. The water quality monitoring downstream of Zhangshukeng has proved that its operation has no significant impact on the downstream water quality which maintains at the Class II level in recent years. For the planned rubber dam for the cascade development at Jingdezhen, limited impacts will also be expected on the local water quality.
As presented before, the operation of proposed Wuxikou Hydro-complex will not change the inter-annual runoff distribution but the runoff distribution in a year. It is expected that the downstream flow in dry season will be increased by 194million m3 in total. According to the calculation results of reservoir regulation simulation, compared with the scenario without Wuxikou Hydro-complex, the average ten-day outflow from Wuxikou reservoir will by maximum reduce by 46.90m3/s (27%) in rainy season and at most increase by 32.4m3/s (18%) in dry season. Accordingly, the environmental capacity downstream of Wuxikou is expected to be significantly increased in dry season by over 10%; however, in normal season and rainy season, based on the originally large environmental capacity, the limited reduction of downstream flow will not result in the significant deterioration of downstream water quality. According to the projection of domestic EIA (date December 2009), the water quality downstream of Jingdezhen urban area will be able to meet the Class III water quality standard as required.
With reference to the urban development master plan of Jingdezhen Municipality (2008~2030), Changjiang River, Nanhe River and Xihe River have been defined within the scope of blue line in the urban planning within which all the construction activities have to be compliant with the established master plan and require the approval of local authorities. It is also specified in the plan that within the blue-line scope, the following activities will be strictly banned:
• Construction activities incompliant with the protection and control requirements within urban blue lines;
• Arbitrary landfilling or use of water areas within the urban blue lines;
• Activities affecting the safety of water system, such as blasting, quarrying and earth borrowing;
• Arbitrary construction of various wastewater outfalls;
• Other activities against the protection of urban water system.
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 58 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
It is also planned the wastewater treatment rate of Jingdezhen urban area will be improved to 90% by 2020 and 95% by 2030. In this context, it is expected there will not be significant increase of pollutant load in the studied river section. However, detailed modeling will be
Unfortunately, during data collection for the study, limited information has been collected on the existing wastewater outfalls discharging downstream of Wuxikou in the study area, in particular, in relation to the wastewater characterization. It is understood that there are still some wastewater outfalls (both municipal and industrial) discharging totally 25.58million m3/year wastewater along the river section, as shown in the table below. They are mainly located within the Fuliang reserved area and Jingdezhen Municipality Development and Utilization Zone in terms of water functional zoning.
Table 28: List of Existing Wastewater Outfalls along Changjiang River Actual Name of WW Name of WW Main Time of Type of Way of No. Management Location Discharge Outfall Products Installation WW Discharge Agency (10000 m3/year) Wanping Jiangxi Zhangshukeng Kaiyan Wanping Electronic 1 of Fuliang 1991 Industrial Intermittent 0.03 Galvanization Electronic Co., Components County Company Ltd. Jingdezhen Intermittent Jingdezhen Fuliang County 2 Brewery Co., Beer 2004.05 Industrial (Feb. – 3.00 Brewery town Ltd. Oct.) No.1 outfall Fuliang County 3 of Fuliang Municipal Fuliang County 2003.10 Mixed Continuous 124.75 County town Administration Jingdezhen Municipal Jingdezhen 4 Doufunong 1975 Mixed Continuous 167.80 Engineering urban area Dept. Jingdezhen Traffic Municipal Jingdezhen 5 1975 Mixed Continuous 100.60 Bureau Engineering urban area Dept. Jingdezhen Municipal Jingdezhen 11 Jinyushan 1983 Mixed Continuous 65.00 Engineering urban area Dept. Jingdezhen Passenger Municipal Jingdezhen 12 1975 Mixed Continuous 13.60 terminal Engineering urban area Dept. Jingdezhen Hongqi Municipal Jingdezhen 13 Porcelain 1975 Mixed Continuous 492.00 Engineering urban area Plant Dept. Jingdezhen Navigation Municipal Jingdezhen 14 1983 Mixed Continuous 52.00 Bureau Engineering urban area Dept. Jingdezhen Guangmin Municipal Jingdezhen 15 Porcelain 1975 Mixed Continuous 457.30 Engineering urban area Plant Dept. Jingjiao Jingjiao Jingdezhen 16 Chemical Industrial Continuous 294.00 Chemical Plant urban area Plant Outfall of Flakeboard Jingdezhen Jingdezhen 18 Jingdezhen and MDF 1976 Mixed Intermittent 27.10 Timber Plant urban area Timber Plant board
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 59 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
Name of WW Name of Main Time of Type of Way of Actual No. Location Outfall Management Products Installation WW Discharge WW JingdezhenA No. High- Di h No.5 Radio 5 Radio Jingdezhen frequency 19 Component 1990 Industrial Intermittent 0.37 Component urban area connector Plant Plant and seating Jingdezhen No.2 Plastics Jingdezhen Plastic 20 No.1 Plastics 2002 Industrial Intermittent 0.60 Plant urban area Products Plant No. 1 outfall Jingdezhen Jingdezhen Coke and 21 of Coking Coking Gas 1986 Industrial Continuous 391.10 urban area gas Gas Plant Plant No. 2 outfall Jingdezhen Jingdezhen Coke and 22 of Coking Coking Gas 2003 Industrial Continuous 350.00 urban area gas Gas Plant Plant Jingdezhen Municipal Jingdezhen 23 No. 859 Plant Industrial Intermittent 19.20 Engineering urban area Dept.
It is noticed that besides mixed municipal wastewater (about 59%), there is still quite a lot industrial wastewater discharged into Changjiang River (41% of the total discharge). In particular, due to potentially high pollutant concentrations, the industrial discharge from chemical plant, coking plant, electronic company and brewery could be very polluting for the receiving water body if without proper treatment beforehand. During the site investigation by the consultants in June 2012, it is found that, for example, the Jingdezhen Brewery (No.2 in Table 28) has been installed with a set of biological wastewater treatment system (as shown in the figure below), the daily operation performance of the system still remains a question because the wastewater treatment plant was closed during the visit.
Jiangxi Lanbo Brewery in Fuliang County Biological Contact Oxidation Tank inside the Fence Figure 16: Existing Jingdezhen Brewery and its Wastewater Treatment Plant
Since at this stage the consultants failed to gather detailed data of involved industrial wastewater due to the tight schedule of this study, the basin-wide cumulative impacts on water quality in the study area can only be carried out based on a better understanding of pollution load in short-term scenario and long-term scenario through further investigation and data collection related to the above-mentioned wastewater outfalls within the study area. This can be implemented as the second phase to elaborate the CIA study.
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 60 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
6.4.4. CONCLUSIONS
According to the above analysis, based on currently good water quality and predictable development trends, the proposed Wuxikou hydro-complex project with other identified projects/activities in the Changjiang River Basin will not bring significant impacts in terms of water quality. However, more specific water quality modeling based on more solid survey data needs to be carried out to verify current conclusion.
6.5. AQUATIC ECOLOGY
6.5.1. FACTORS RELATED TO THE IMPACTS OF CASCADE DEVELOPMENT ON AQUATIC ECOLOGY
Since the Jingdezhen rubber proposed in the long-term scenario will be situated near the urban area, no significant impact will be expected from its installation. Therefore, in this section focus will be put on the impacts of implementing Wuxikou Hydro-complex Project on local aquatic ecology in the short-term scenario.
6.5.1.1. GENERAL CHANGES OF AQUATIC HABITAT
According to the baseline analysis, the studied main stream of Changjiang River is mostly classified as tranquil river habitat. Only a few river sections are defined as rapid flow habitat. The regional habitat conditions are confined to river runoff, river topography and bottom characteristics.
Since the studied section of Changjiang River has already been installed with Zhangshukeng Hydropower Station (17km downstream of Wuxikou), Nianyushan Ship Lock (60km downstream of Wuxikou) and Huanggang Ship Lock (80km downstream of Wuxikou), except a few river bends or sections with sudden change of river regime as rapid flow habitat, the studied section of Changjiang River has been generally cut into several isolated sections of natural river section, reservoir water body and tranquil flow sections (as presented in the table below).
Table29: AQUATIC HABITAT ANALYSIS OF CHANGJIANG RIVER BASED ON CURRENT CASCADE DEVELOPMENT No. River Section Type of Aquatic Habitat Length（km） Provincial boundary - End of 1 River running flow 49 Zhangshukeng Reservoir Zhangshukeng Backwater 2 Reservoir tranquil flow 17 Region Zhangshukeng-End of 3 River running flow 21 Nianyushan
Nianyushan Backwater 4 Reservoir tranquil flow 22 Region
Nianyushan Ship Lock – 5 River running flow 1 Huanggang backwater region Huanggang Reservoir 6 Reservoir tranquil flow 19 Backwater Region 7 Huanggang- Hekou River running flow 51
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 61 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
With the implementation of Wuxikou Hydro-complex in the short term, Changjiang River will be further fragmented into more sections of different aquatic habitat, as presented below. The original river running flow habitat around Wuxikou dam site will be changed into tranquil flow habitat or even still water habitat
Table 30: AQUATIC HABITAT ANALYSIS OF CHANGJIANG RIVER BASED ON SHORT-TERM CASCADE DEVELOPMENT PLAN (2020 SCENARIO) No. River Section Type of Aquatic Habitat Length（km） Provincial boundary - End of 1 River running flow 9.2 Wuxikou Reservoir
2 Wuxikou Backwater Region Reservoir tranquil flow 22.8
Wuxikou Dam – End of 3 River running flow 17 Zhangshukeng Reservoir Zhangshukeng Backwater 4 Reservoir tranquil flow 17 Region Zhangshukeng-End of 5 River running flow 21 Nianyushan
Nianyushan Backwater 6 Reservoir tranquil flow 22 Region
Nianyushan Ship Lock – 7 River running flow 1 Huanggang backwater region Huanggang Reservoir 8 Reservoir tranquil flow 19 Backwater Region 9 Huanggang- Hekou River running flow 51
Similarly, with the implementation of proposed rubber dam at Jingdezhen will again lead to further fragmentation and expand the area of traquil flow habitat around the urban area of Jingdezhen. Such changes of aquatic habitat are expected to bring both positive and negative impacts on local aquatic ecology for different river sections, as presented in the following sections.
The sensitive areas for the protection of local aquatic ecology are shown in the figure below.
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 62 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
Jiantantun Wintering Ground Mitun Wintering Ground
Yingxi Spawing Ground
Changzheng Village Spawwning Ground Shebu Spawning Ground
Dam Site of Wuxikou Wuxi Spawning Ground Hydro-complex
Changjiang Provincial Protection Zone for Spinibarbus sinensis Changjiang Provincial Protection Zone for (Experimental Zone) Spinibarbus sinensis (Core Zone)
Figure 17: Sensitive Areas for the Protection of Local Aquatic Ecology
6.5.1.2. RESERVOIR AREA
Change of Flow Rate: The 427million m3 volume of Wuxikou reservoir will significantly increase the local water area and increase the average water depth in the reservoir by about 5- 8m. The increase of water volume, water surface and water depth will significantly decrease the
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 63 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
flow rate in the reservoir area and consequently facilitate the sedimentation and increase the water transparency.
Nutrient Contents: At the same time, the reservoir impoundment will increase nutrient contents in the reservoir area and improve local feeding conditions.
Water Temperature: After impoundment, compared with the land surface, the significantly increased water surface will increase the thermal emissivity against the sun so that increase the water temperature before the dam. According to the analysis of domestic EIA (December 2012), instable lamination of water temperature will be observed in the reservoir during March~August for normal years and dry years and in March, July and August for wet years. The maximum temperature difference will be 5.3℃ in the July of a wet year.
6.5.1.3. RIVER SECTIONS DOWNSTREAM OF WUXIKOU
Fragmentation with Dam Barrier: The fragmentation with dam barrier based on existing cascade developments have already been considered as one of the potential key factors related to local aquatic ecology, which will be further considered with the development of Wuxikou in the short term and Jingdezhen in the long term.
Water Temperature: The lamination of water temperature will lead the change of water temperature downstream of the dam through the discharge from hydropower generation. Compared with the natural river water temperature, it was estimated in the domestic EIA that the water temperature for the section downstream of Wuxikou dam will be by maximum 1.6℃ lower in March and 3.3℃ higher in October for a normal year; in a dry year, the maximum temperature drop will be 1.6℃ in March and the maximum increase will be 3.3℃ in November; in a rainy year, February will have the maximum temperature drop as 2.4℃ and November will have the maximum temperature increase as 3.3℃.
Change of Annual Runoff: As analyzed in the section of “Hydraulic Regime”, the proposed seasonal regulation of Wuxikou Hydro-complex will change the runoff distribution in a year for the lower reaches. The discharge flow in rainy season will decrease in comparison with natural conditions; however, in dry season, the discharge flow will increase with the reservoir regulation. Therefore, except in the rainy season from April to June, the runoff downstream of the dam will be stabilized. However, the flood discharge in flood season may result in the gas supersaturation for certain section downstream of the dam.
6.5.2. POSITIVE IMPACTS OF CASCADE DEVELOPMENT ON AQUATIC ECOLOGY
With the above-mentioned changes and further fragmentation of habitats in the study area, the following positive impacts are expected from the proposed cascade development:
1) After reservoir impoundment, the primary productivity of the water body will be significantly increased. The new habitat conditions and higher nutrient contents in the reservoir area will be more positive for the growth of phytoplankton suitable for tranquil habitat such as blue-green algae and green algae, which will therefore improve the feeding conditions of zooplankton, benthonic organism and fish and their population;
2) The increase of nutrient level in the reservoir will also promote the growth of floating plants and floating-leaf plants, in particular in the shallow water area around the dam and at the corner of the reservoir;
3) From May to December every year, the higher temperature compared with nature conditions downstream of the dam is also helpful for the growth of plankton and benthic organism;
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 64 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
4) For the reservoir area, according to the analysis based on the habitat, reproduction conditions and dietary composition in the domestic EIA, shortly after the reservoir impoundment, the filter-feeding fish on the surface and in the upper layer, such as Pseudorasbora parva and Abbottina rivularis, will gradually increase and form the dominant population, then the fish living on smaller fishes, such as Opsariichthys bidens and Silurus asotus will slowly increase and suppress the growth of the former population ; at the same time, the fish species living on grass and benthonic organism will increase to some extent due to the improvement of feeding conditions, but their increase will be confined to the feeding resrouces; the quantities of omnivorous species will significantly increase with extensive source of diets. Without artificial interference, various fish will gradually reach the balance and form a new reservoir-type ecosystem;
5) The deeper water areas upstream of each cascade development will become good wintering grounds for fishes;
6) With the significant increase of water area, the species and quantities of water fowls may significantly increase, in particular, around the reservoir.
6.5.3. NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF CASCADE DEVELOPMENT ON AQUATIC ECOLOGY
Fish migration: Among the potential negative impacts, the impacts due to dam barrier may be of most concerns. As mentioned earlier, the cascade development of Changjiang River main stream was started in as early as 1980’s and the last completed Zhangshukeng Hydropower Station has been put into operation for 4 years since 2008. The consultants visited the local fishery administration. During the visit, the consultants were told that no more migratory fish has been found in the study area these years due to the long cascade development. However, some of the local fish species still have the behavior of short-term migration during reproduction season (April ~ June), that is, they will swim to the upstream or tributaries for spawning at the beginning of reproduction season (during March – April every year); and the fish fries will then swim to the downstream river section due to the more availability of food. The further cascade development will cut off the migration passage of these fishes and have significant negative impacts on their reproduction and species communication.
Fluctuation of downstream discharge due to flood regulation: Another major negative impact to be considered under the scenarios of cascade development may come from the discharge from the proposed Wuxikou Hydro-complex. Since there is no spawning ground for fishes laying floating eggs downstream of the dam, there will be no impact expected in this aspect. For the fishes laying in tranquil-flow water, based on earlier analysis of hydraulic regime, no significant change will be expected during April ~ July when is the reproduction season of these fishes. Therefore, generally speaking, the changes of water level and flow rate downstream will not have significant impact on the spawning and reproduction of fishes downstream.
Fluctuation of downstream discharge due to peaking operation of hydropower plant: Since the Wuxikou Hydro-complex is also designed for peaking operation in terms of power generation. The resultant repetitive and sudden changes of water level and flow rate downstream may have negative impacts on downstream fishes. In this context, the joint operation of cascade developments will be critical to minimize the adverse impacts on local fishery resources.
Gas supersatuariont in discharged flow: Additionally, the high rate of flood discharge may also affect the fish output due to bubble disease caused by the supersaturation of nitrogen and oxygen in the water. However, the limited discharge fall of Wuxikou Hydro-complex and the confluence of large tributaries like Donghe River, Xihe River and Nanhe River downstream will significantly decrease the potential gas supersaturation caused by the reservoirs on the main stream. Therefore, it is expected that the negative impact on downstream fishery resource for Wuxikou Hydro-complex will be limited. However, due to the lack of similar project experience,
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 65 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
further monitoring and study will be needed to better understand the project impacts on local fishery resources.
Water temperature variation of discharged flow: According to the domestic EIA, with the operation of Wuxikou Hydro-complex, the projected variation range of water temperature from the discharge will be within the acceptable scope for local fishes without significant negative impacts.
Spawning grounds: The existing spawning grounds are quite scattered in the study area. They are mainly at Wuxi (0.6 km downstream of dam), Shebu (3.3 km upstream of dam), Changzheng Village (6 km upstream of dam) and Yingxi (12 km upstream of dam). With the reservoir impoundment, the spawning area of Shepu, Changzheng Village and Yingxi will be inundated and turn from rapid flow habitat into tranquil flow habitat. The fishes which used to spawning in the rapid flow areas, such as Opsariichthys bidens, Spinibarbus Sinensis, Spinibarbus hollandi, Zacco platypus, Xenocypris microlepis, etc, will have to find other spawning grounds upstream or on the tributaries. However, since most of these fishes have strong reproduction capability and adaptability, and there are plenty of tributaries and streams available for their reproduction, no significant negative impact will be expected on their population distribution. However, for Spinibarbus Sinensis, Spinibarbus hollandi and Xenocypris microlepis, their fishery resource may dramatically decrease due to the change of habitat and reproduction conditions.
Changjiang Provincial Protection Zone for Spinibarbus Sinensis: There is Changjiang Provincial Protection Zone for Spinibarbus Sinensis as precious fishery resources. The protection zone was firstly established in May 2008, when it was originally designed with a core zone (215hm2) and an experimental zone (60.5hm2). According to the design of Wuxikou Hydro- complex, about 30.1% of the protection zone will be covered by the proposed reservoir, and 72% of the core zone will be included in the reservoir. And the fish catch within the Wuxikou section accounts for about 10~15% in the total fish catch of Changjiang River. For better protection of local fish resource, Jiangxi Provincial Department of Agriculture has approved to adjust the scope of this protection zone in 2009. For the adjusted protection zone (as shown in Figure 17), the core zone has been moved to the tributary of Donghe River and the experimental zone remains on the main stream about 0.6km downstream of Wuxikou dam site and upstream of Nianyushan. After the adjustments, since the estuary of Donghe River is located upstream of Zhangshukeng Hydropower Station, the next cascade development facility, the core zone will be protected from the impacts of project construction and reservoir operation. The adjusted experimental zone will be subjected to the impacts of discharge change of Wuxikou and Zhangshukeng cascade developments with slight changes of hydrologic conditions and water temperature. In flood season, the hydraulic regime will be similar to that before the implementation of Wuxikou project; and in the non-flood season, the discharge flow from Wuxikou will increase compared with current conditions, which will decrease the flow variation in a year, facilitate the stabilization of local habitat and benefit the fish species laying in still water and tranquil flow water. As for the expected changes of water temperature, the rise of water temperature other than the dry season (February ~ April) will have no significant impact on the reproduction of local fishes but help to increase the food for fishes and to facilitate their feeding, reproduction and growth.
The key protective fish species are mainly economic fishes including Spinibarbus hollandi, Opsariichthys bidens, Pelteoagrus fulvidraco, Culter alburnus, Siniperca chuatsi and Cyprinus carpio. Among others, Opsariichthys bidens, Pelteoagrus fulvidraco, Culter alburnus and Cyprinus carpio will not be affected due to their strong adaptability; the population of Spinibarbus hollandi and Siniperca chuatsi will relatively decrease downstream of cascade development. For the species like Spinibarbus Sinensis and Xenocypris microlepis, although they can adapt to both running water and tranquil water habitat, they still need short-distance migration for spawning in rapid flow river section. It is expected that the project operation will not have direct impacts on the main rapid-flow habitat and spawning ground within the protection zone; however, the reservoir impoundment will result in the decrease of the population communication between upstream and downstream of the dam.
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 66 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
Rare aquatic wildlife: According to the available data, the only kind of rare aquatic wildlife in the study area is otter, which is classified as a kind of national protected animal (Class II). Otters normally live under the waterside tree roots, stumps, reeds or shrubs; with the reservoir impoundment at Wuxikou, the expansion of water surface and the increase of food source will help to increase their population to some extent. However, they will also need some time to adapt to the new habitat around the reservoir.
6.5.4. CONCLUSIONS
In general, after reservoir impoundment, the new habitat conditions and higher nutrient contents in the reservoir area will be positive for the growth of aquatic life suitable for tranquil habitat, and the deeper water areas upstream of each cascade development will become good wintering grounds for fishes. Accordingly, the species and quantities of water fowls may significantly increase, in particular, around the reservoir. On the other hand, the major negative impacts on local fishery resources are the impacts on the some fish species required short-distance migration for reproduction such as spinibarbus sinensis, spinibarbus hollandi and xenocypris microlepis and potential impacts on the fishes downstream of Wuxikou dam due to the fluctuation of its downstream discharge.
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 67 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
7. RECOMMENDATIONS OF MITIGATION MEASURES
7.1. MITIGATION MEASURES
The detailed assessment targeting at the identified key VECs have been extensively elaborated in Chapter 6. Based on the key findings from the assessment, the observations and recommendations in relation to major negative impacts of the proposed cascade development have been summarized below in this chapter. These mitigation measures have been included in the ESMP for Wuxikou Integrated Flood Management Project.
Pollution Control: Despite the absence of detailed water quality projection along Changjiang River, the analysis still indicates that the pollution control within the study area will be a key assumption for maintaining required water quality along Changjiang River. It is noticed that relevant pollution control measures have been covered by relevant development plans for Jingdezhen. For example, in the urban development master plan of Jingdezhen Municipality (2008~2030) , Changjiang River, Nanhe River and Xihe River have been defined as the areas which are protected against all the construction activities with potential adverse environmental impacts on water quality, such as landfilling, arbitrary use of water area, blasting, quarrying, earth borrowing, construction of various wastewater outfalls. The implementations of relevant national and local plans and regulations and also the strict control of construction activities, industrial development and agricultural non-point source pollution in the river basin will be critical for meeting the water quality objectives.
Protection of Aquatic Ecology: As observed in the impact analysis, although most of the existing aquatic life in Changjiang River can adapt to the change of habitat conditions resulting from the cascade development, some potential negative impacts on local aquatic ecology are still expected with the development activities, mainly related to short-distance migration of fishes for spawning (such as Spinibarbus Sinensis and Xenocypris microlepis) and changes of habitat conditions further into tranquil flow habitat based on existing cascade development. Accordingly, the following recommendations have made to protect the local aquatic ecology and fishery resources.
1. Joint Operation of Cascade Development: According to the assessment, the water depletion downstream and the expected fluctuation of downstream hydraulic regime (e.g., water level and flow rate) due to the daily operation of hydropower stations in the proposed cascade development will be the main factor changing the aquatic habitat along the river and affecting the local aquatic ecology. In this case, joint operation of cascade development facilities will be important to minimize any adverse impact. For the proposed cascade development along the main stream of Changjiang River, Wuxikou and Zhangshukeng will play a key role in the joint operation. It is understood that Jingdezhen Municipal Water Resource Bureau will take the overall responsibility for the joint operation of cascade development; therefore, it will also be necessary for relevant operators to well understand the impacts of project operation in the environmental respect. 2. Habitat Protection: For the running section of Changjiang River, the development activities with negative impacts on aquatic habitat such as sand excavation, wastewater discharge and solid waste dumping should be strictly banned; with the operation of Wuxikou Reservoir, for the undeveloped sections for the tributaries of Changjiang River including Yangchuan River, Maidu river, Donghe River, Xihe River and Nanhe River, the approval of any new water conservancy project should be strictly controlled and no construction of new dam will be allowed. 3. Artificial Fish Pass: In order to facilitate the communication of fish population between upstream and downstream, under the guidance of professionals, the local fishery administration will regularly organize local fishermen to catch fish from downstream of
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 68 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
Wuxikou dam, and transport the caught fish to Wuxikou reservoir or the river section upstream. 4. Fishery Administration: The fishery administration of Jingdezhen Municipality shall be strengthened to limit the negative impacts of cascade development on existing fish resource: - Implement the fishing ban issued by the local government (JingFuFa[2009]No.25); - Cage fish farming and other potentially polluting industries will be forbidden around the reservoir; - Carry out fishery development study for Wuxikou reservoir; - Implement career transfer and compensation for affected fishermen in the reservoir area in accordance with RAP and social impact assessment; - Strengthen the local fishery administration through system construction and capacity building. 5. Artificial Multiplication of Fish: For those fish species more relevant to the expected negative impacts, such as Spinibarbus hollandi, Spinibarbus Sinensis, Xenocypris microlepis, black carp, grass carp, silver carp, bighead carp, carp and crucian carp, the multiplication and release will be implemented for ecological compensation. It is proposed to establish a fish multiplication and release station in Luoxi Village on the right bank downstream of Wuxikou dam, which will be constructed together with Wuxikou Hydro-complex. In the short term (for ten consecutive years), 300,000 fishes will be released every year. The locations of release include in the main stream at the end of Wuxikou reservoir, tranquil flow areas on the downstream of tributaries including Yangchun River, Meihu River and Beihe River, reservoir area of Zhangshukeng and its downstream river section, and tranquil flow areas on the downstream of tributaries including Donghe River, Xihe River and Nanhe River. In the long term, the release objects and release plan will be properly adjusted according to the results of fish resource monitoring and investigation.
Long-term Monitoring: Since the cumulative environmental impacts are caused by multiple factors and complicated causes and it is not easy to clearly identify their scope and significance, long-term monitoring and investigation will be necessary to update the situation and accordingly adjust the originally proposed mitigation measures. For example, the water quality of Changjiang River at different sections and aquatic life in the reservoir area and the river section downstream should be carried out so that necessary technical support can be provided for the protection of water environmental and fishery resources based on the findings of relevant studies.
Since more than one organization will be involved in the the above proposed mitigation measures, cooperative action is required due to the interaction of cumulative effects, as presented in the table below.
Table 31: Summary of Mitigation Measures and Responsible Organizations Key Responsible No. Aspect Mitigation Measures VEC Organizations Closely supervise the implementation of local pollution control plans and the strict Water 1 Pollution Control enforcement of relevant applicable Jingdezhen EPB Quality environmental protection laws and regulations.
Joint operation shall be implemented for all Operators of Joint Operation the relevant cascade development facilities on cascade Aquatic of Cascade Changjiang River (in particular, Wuxikou and 2 developments, Ecology Development Zhangshukeng) to main necessary flow to Jingdezhen Water Facilities meet the water supply demand and ecological Resource Bureau demand downstream.
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 69 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
Key Responsible No. Aspect Mitigation Measures VEC Organizations The development activities with negative impacts on aquatic habitat such as sand Jingdezhen excavation, wastewater discharge and solid Municipal waste dumping should be strictly banned in Government and Habitat 3 the river basin; with the operation of Wuxikou relevant authorities Protection Reservoir, the approval of any new water such as EPB and conservancy project should be strictly water resource controlled and no construction of new dam will bureau be allowed.
Regularly organize local fishermen to catch Artificial Fish fish from downstream of Wuxikou dam, and Jingdezhen fishery 4 Pass transport the caught fish to Wuxikou reservoir administration or the river section upstream.
Strengthen the local fishery administration from the following aspects: ‐ Implement the fishing ban issued by the local government Aquatic (JingFuFa[2009]No.25); Ecology ‐ Cage fish farming and other potentially polluting industries will be Jingdezhen fishery forbidden around the reservoir; administration, Fishery ‐ Carry out fishery development study 5 project developer Administration for Wuxikou reservoir; and town/township ‐ Implement career transfer and governments compensation for affected fishermen in the reservoir area in accordance with RAP and social impact assessment; ‐ Strengthen the local fishery administration through capacity building.
Establish a fish multiplication and release Project developer Artificial station in Luoxi Village on the right bank and Jingdezhen 6 Multiplication of downstream of Wuxikou dam, which will be fishery Fish constructed together with Wuxikou Hydro- administration complex. Project developer, The water quality of Changjiang River at contractor, All the different sections and aquatic life in the Long-term Jingdezhen EPB 7 four key reservoir area and the river section monitoring and Jingdezhen VECs downstream should be monitored in the long fishery term, as part of the project monitoring plan. administration
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 70 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
7.2. STUDY ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT PLAN (CRMP)
Since the assessment at this stage was mainly carried out based on the review of collected secondary information, it is necessary to carry out further investigation and study for better evaluating and quantifying the significance of impacts particularly on water quality and local ecology specific to the proposed cascade development in Changjiang River Basin. Before the further CIA study, a detailed and technically supported Comprehensive Reservoir Management Plan (CRMP) will be necessary to provide necessary information on the overall management of proposed Wuxikou Reservoir. A study is accordingly recommended to identify issues related to future monitoring and adaptive management. As part of the ESMP and also part of the Technical Assistance that the Bank is providing to the client, the study outcome, i.e., Comprehensive Reservoir Management Plan (CRMP), should be reviewed and approved prior to reservoir inundation in order to ensure that other components in Changjiang River Basin are correctly integrated with the new reservoir operational conditions.
The proposed draft Terms of Reference for the CRMP study is presented below.
Draft TOR – Study on the Development of Comprehensive Reservoir Management Plan Development (CRMP)
A variety of data sets have been included in the EIA and supporting documents which relate to the conditions anticipated to exist in the Wuxikou Reservoir following inundation. Several key pieces of data have been omitted or the work to develop the data has not as yet been completed. The CRMP should be completed within a GIS system with the data sets used derived from baseline data directly. That is the data sets should not be geo datasets which are derived and cannot be related directly back to actual data.
As part of ESMP, the CRMP should include at minimum the following tasks:
Task 1: Detailed Water Level Maps of Reservoir Only one map of water levels was available for review or found in the EIA documents. At minimum there should be maps of the 45m, 50m, 56m and 64m levels to indicate the lands inundated. These levels should be related to the fill and drawdown modelling completed for the reservoir. The levels should be related to the reservoir bank landform and vegetation types. Levels affecting existing agriculture and backward resettlement should be clearly indicated. The maps should show level areas in the 56m-54 m range which could be utilized for intermittent agriculture.
Task 2: Summary of Reservoir Hydrology and Hydraulics Reservoir hydrology and hydraulics are described in several areas of the report. The data and descriptions relate primarily to level control and flood management. While engineering and reservoir hydraulic management is a key functionality of the hydrological data, the affect of reservoir hydrology and level control should be more clearly related to reservoir ecology and human use.
Task 3: Habitat Description At present the length of the Wuxikou Reservoir is described as 22.4 km to upper end of inundation. For each reservoir level (45m, 50m, 56m, 64m) the shoreline length should be calculated. Based on this and realted to the land configuration at each level the habitats expected along the reservoir should be described and calculated in order to define and support information related to species type and abundance.
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 71 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
Task 4: Vegetation Models Four main categories of vegetation will exist in the reservoir. Phytoplankton, Emergent Plants, Submergent Plants, Floating Plants. The habitats for these vegetation should be defined and the production estimated in relation to the reservoir nutrient models. This will provide information for: • management of floating plants which may affect dam and reservoir operating conditions., • phytoplankton blooms that will affect water oxygen levels • habitats for various bird and fish species • habitats for amphibians This data should also provide the basis for discussion for the potential of intermittent agriculture activities along the lakeshore during drawdown periods from March through July.
Task 5: Nutrient Input and Uptake Models for Eutrophication and Fisheries Management Nutrient models have been included in the EIA but have not been related to the ecological health of the reservoir. A more comprehensive integration of the data describing the inputs natural and human allocthonous inputs is required. This should be related to the various activities along the lakeshore during the year and correlated to the reservoir water levels. Teh effects of each input should be discussed in relation to the lake ecology and fishery.
Task 6: Benthic Invertebrates and Fish Population Dynamics Based on the information detailed in Task 1-5, a more thorough discussion on the zooplankton, benthic fauna and fish populations is required. The assumption is that the reservoir fishery will be established once reservoir conditions have stabilized. A reservoir stocking program and fish breeding program are discussed. This program needs to be developed and discussed in more detail and include scientific data as support. Similar program data should be available from reservoir development successes and failures in China and other South Asia areas.
Task 7: Reservoir Usage EIA documents refer to reservoir usage types which will result from the development of roads and changed access. This included touristic uses. A detailed fo description of reservoir use related to land use palns should be included to determine the cumulative impacts to land and reservoir management. This information should be used in conjunction with data from other similar reservoirs to develop a reservoir use plan that can be adopted by the various agencies involved in managing various activities which will have long-term effects on the reservoir health, operations and maintenance.
Schedule and Budget
The study is planned to be commenced within 30 days after the project effectiveness date (June 2013) together with the second phase CIA study, and its completion date will not be later than December 2016, at least 6 months prior to the filling of the reservoir. The study is expected to last for about 26 months with the estimated budget of 1million RMB.
The development of an expanded version of the CRMP Terms of Reference for review and approval with a specific budget, should be made as a condition of project approval in order to ensure that past problems associated with reservoir management have been considered and as much as possible avoided or mitigated.
7.3. PHASE 2 CIA STUDY
Combined with the CRMP study, the Phase 2 CIA study will be carried out for better evaluating and quantifying the significance of impacts particularly on water quality and local ecology specific to the proposed cascade development in Changjiang River Basin. For example, more water monitoring results at different key sections along the cascade development and the
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 72 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
detailed information of pollution discharge (both quantity and characterization, domestic and industrial) into Changjiang River need to be further collected for a more solid analysis on water quality projection of Changjiang River in the short term and long term scenarios with the proposed development activities. Additionally, the 15m3/s minimum environmental flow for Wuxikou was established based on limited data availability at this stage. More specific information on the habitat conditions of local characteristic aquatic species will be helpful to verify the applicability of this value to the local context. A further ecological study is therefore recommended for next stage. In this sense, it is recommended to carry out the Phase 2 CIA in the early stage of Wuxikou implementation based on the findings of the existing CIA study so that the impact analysis can be further quantified and more specific mitigation measures can be included in the project implementation. As part of the ESMP and also part of the Technical Assistance that the Bank is providing to the client, the outcome of the proposed second phase CIA study should be reviewed and approved prior to reservoir inundation. The proposed draft Terms of Reference for the Phase 2 CIA study is presented below.
Draft Terms of Reference for Phase 2 CIA Study
During the proposed Phase 2 CIA study, the detailed assessment of cumulative impacts in relation to the hydraulic cascade development will be carried out to quantify all the potential impacts on key VECs identified in Phase 1 and evaluate whether the targeted threshold values can be met. Based on the evaluation, the mitigation measures will be furthe elaborated in view of the whole Changjiang River Basin, which will be then integrated into the project ESMP and implemented during project implementation and operation.
As part of the ESMP, the following tasks will be completed by the consultants during Phase 2.
Task 1: Further data collection and desk review Based on the progress of data collection in Phase 1, the data unavailable during Phase 1 will be further collected by the consultants, for example, the 12th-five-year plan for hydraulic development of Jingdezhen Municipality.
Task 2: Detailed Field Visit with targeted public consultation Based on the findings of previous study, a detailed site visit (about 2 week) will be implemented covering the whole Changjiang River Basin targeting at key VECs. The purpose of the field visit is to verify the environmental baseline established during Phase 1. The preliminary findings of Phase 1 will be presented to the key stakeholders consulted (local residents and relevant authorities, in particular those consulted in Phase 1) for their further comments. The public consultation will be continually carried out throughout the process of Phase 2 to better understand the stakeholders’ feedback on study findings.
Task 3: Environmental Survey and Monitoring It is understood that currently there is limited data on the river morphology and water quality for the upstream of Changjiang River. To get the necessary data for detailed CIA, some local institute will be entrusted to carry out hydrologic survey and environmental monitoring. The results will be used for the hydraulic and water quality modeling of Changjiang River in order to quantify the cumulative impacts of the cascade development along Changjiang River.
River Morphology: The dimension of key cross-sections along Changjiang River needs to be measured, namely, Zhitan, Wuxikou, Zhangshukeng, Jiucheng, Jingdezhen, Nianyushan and Huanggang, where the bed slope changes significantly and where the dams are constructed. Water Quality Monitoring: The water quality monitoring are suggested to be implemented between Daohu (at the boundary of Anhui and Jiangxi Province) and Yanghu WTP monitoring point (close to the urban area of Jingdezhe Municipality) for additional data. Theoretically the water quality monitoring should cover dry season, normal season and flood season throughout the year.
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 73 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
Task 4: Development of Hydraulic and Water Quality Models The hydraulic and water quality model for the cascade development of Changjiang River will be developed based on the collected data including river morphology, river hydrologic data, rainfall data, reservoir operation rules, river water quality, point source pollution and non-point source pollution. The well-developed modeling software will be used, such as MIKE 11 and Infoworks RS. The hydraulic model will focus on the dams’ operation during flood season and dry season, and the water quality model will focus on COD, BOD, ammonia and TN.
Task 5: Evaluation of Cumulative Impacts Based on the results of modeling work, the cumulative impacts of cascade development along Changjiang River will be quantitatively evaluated with focus on the identified key VECs such as hydrologic modification, water quality and aquatic ecology.
Task 6: Development of Mitigation Measures In views of key cumulative impacts in the river basin, series of mitigation measures will be proposed for the cascade development, which will form a part of the ESMP to be implemented during project development and operation. The key impacts and proposed mitigation measures will be finalized based on the discussion with key stakeholders (relevant authorities and local residents).
Task 7: Training Carry out necessary training on environmental management for the staff of relevant local authorities, such as water resource bureau, operators of existing and proposed dams, local EPB, etc. The training program will be designed based on the findings of the above analysis and assessment in order to improve local capacity on environmental management.
Task 8: Reporting A comprehensive report will be accordingly developed to present all the key findings during the study.
Schedule and Budget
The study is planned to be commenced within 30 days after the project effectiveness date (June 2013) together with the CRMP study, and its completion date will not be later than December 2016, at least 6 months prior to the filling of the reservoir. The study is expected to last for about 24 months (2 years) with the estimated budget of 1.5million RMB.
No. Key Task Duration (month) Budget (10,000RMB) Further data collection and desk Task 1 1 5 review Detailed Field Visit with targeted Task 2 1 10 public consultation
Environmental Survey and Task 3 4 20 Monitoring Development of Hydraulic and Task 4 12 70 Water Quality Models Task 5 Evaluation of Cumulative Impacts 2 10
Development of Mitigation Task 6 1 10 Measures Task 7 Training 1 10
Task 8 Reporting 2 15
Total 24 150
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 74 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
7.4. ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT
Considering the results of the above-mentioned studies (i.e. Comprehensive Reservoir Management Plan and adjusted mitigation measures) and the long-term following-up environmental and social monitoring, it is recognized that the proposed ESMP may need future adjustments. An adaptive management approach will therefore be adopted for environmental and social management components. Based on monitoring and evaluation of actual performance, necessary adjustments will be made to the ESMP.
Safeguards will be managed in a flexible manner in order to fully reach the objective of meeting the requirements for management of: fish and fisheries in the reservoir and downstream; water releases and environmental flows; increased erosion downstream; water quality in the reservoir and downstream; health impacts; and resettlement and livelihood development. Adaptive management is expected to be important in at least four areas:
• Response to updates in the legal framework.
• Actual circumstances on the ground. If monitoring of any part of the environment or social management indicates that circumstances have been changed, or there have been oversights in preparation (for example if a household not included in the census is eligible for compensation) the application of the principles set out in the ESMP and RAP will apply.
• Budget. The Environment and Social Mitigation component budget of the project is a cost estimate which will be adjusted as needed during implementation. Contingencies have been included to allow budget increases.
• Schedule. The schedule reflects the sequence of planned operations as of September 2012. It will be revised as frequently as needed during implementation.
Adaptation will only take place if the outcome of this adaptation is conducive to better achievement of the project objectives and principles. Adaptive management cannot be used to justify actions that would conflict with legal principles or Bank policies. Prohibited changes would include, among others:
• Altering or reducing environment standards that result in not restoring the project area to its pre-project condition to the greatest extent possible, or failing to mitigate known environment impacts.
• Ignoring or avoiding dealing with emerging environment or social issues.
• Restriction or elimination of entitlements and eligibility criteria, or reduction of compensation rates below the replacement cost standard.
• Lowering the resettlement objective to below the requirement to at least restore incomes or living standards to below pre-project levels (or accepting a substandard outcome as satisfactory).
7.5. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS AND CAPACITY BUILDING
For the above-mentioned mitigation measures against identified cumulative environmental impacts, joint efforts should be made by different local authorities to fulfill their implementation, in particular, local water resource bureau, local environmental protection bureau (EPB), local fishery administration and its supervising authority, agricultural bureau. Among others, Jingdezhen Municipal Water Resource Bureau will be responsible for the operation of all the
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 75 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
water conservancy facilities within Jingdezhen Municipality ; Jingdezhen Municipal EPB will enforce all the environmental protection plans and regulations in Changjiang river basin in Jingdezhen, implement all the environmental protection initiatives within the municipality and also carry out all the environmental monitoring activities required for the project; the local fishery administration and the municipal agricultural bureau are responsible for all the mitigation measures in relation to the protection of fishery resources by habitat protection, artificial fish pass, fishery administration and artificial multiplication of fish. Also the municipal government of Jingdezhen has to act as the coordinator among all these authorities to make sure the effective and sustainable implementation of all the proposed mitigation measures.
For better fulfillment of the roles for all the involved authorities, necessary capacity building program should be developed based on the key findings of Phase 2 CIA study. All the staffs of project operator and relevant officials in the involved authorities should be covered by the program to give them a better understanding of the study and their critical responsibilities in the environmental management for the proposed cascade development.
Besides that, the basin-wide environmental management still remains an issue for Changjiang River because the river has crossed the administrative borders between different provinces (Jiangxi and Anhui) and different municipalities (Jingdezhen Municipality and Poyang County of Shangrao Municipality). The administrative borders have also become the barrier for information gathering for the whole river basin. In this context, additional external supports will be needed from relevant superior authorities in order to further improve the quality of the study.
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 76 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
8. PUBLIC CONSULTATION
8.1. OBJECTIVES OF PUBLIC CONSULTATION
Since the completion of project proposal for Wuxikou Hydro-complex Project in 2008, the in- depth and extensive public consultation has been carried out for Wuxikou Hydro-complex Project during the preparation of: • Domestic EIA report for Wuxikou Hydro-complex Project • Supplementary EIA report for Wuxikou Hydro-complex Project • Resettlement Action Plan for Wuxikou Hydro-complex Project] • Social Impact Assessment for Wuxikou Hydro-complex Project • Cumulative EIA report for the related cascade development
Necessity of project construction, process of project planning and justification, project objectives, project capacity, potential environmental impacts and corresponding mitigation measures have been presented to the public to make them understand project general situation, and listen to their opinions on project construction in order to achieve the following purposes: • Ensure that the concerns, experience and suggestions of all the stakeholders, especially affected people will be integrated into the design, planning and implementation of the project; • Involve the affected persons in the selection of key VECs; • Enhance the public’s awareness and understanding about the project, in particular related to the mitigation measures against project negative impacts and for livelihood improvement of affected people; the awareness and understanding of affected people’s livelihoods and mitigation measures; • Promote scientific project decision-making with the support and direct involvement of affected people and communities to ensure the measures proposed in the EIA are practicable and feasible.
8.2. PROJECT STAKEHOLDER
For Jingdezhen Wuxikou Hydro-complex Project, according to the currently identified potential environmental impacts, the project-related stakeholders and their potential key concerns are summarized as follows.
Table 32: Project Stakeholders and their Concerns No. Stakeholder Key Concerns
The villagers from five town/townships within the reservoir inundation area (Zhitan township, Jiaotan Resettlement policies, project impacts on their 1 township, Xingtian township, Jiangcun township, livelihood and mitigation measures Jinggongqiao township) (including project migrants, fishermen etc.,)
Villagers of Shebu Village (Jiaotan Town), Qingxi Impacts of relocating ancestral temples on relevant 2 village, Maowu village and Qingxi Village of Zhitan daily activities of residents, for example, wedding Township ceremony, funeral and ancestor worship With reservoir inundation, the impacts of relocating Parishioners served by the Christian Church in 3 the church on the daily divine services of Zhitan Township parishioners
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 77 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
No. Stakeholder Key Concerns
County and township governments and village Relocation and resettlement of related township 4 committees within the project-affected areas and villages
Local authorities related to main project impacts, Confirmation of inundated cultural relics, forestland 5 such as the county culture and broadcasting and requirements for rehabilitation of cultural relics bureau, the county forestry bureau and recovery of vegetation
Residents living upstream and downstream of the Cumulative impacts of Changjiang River cascade proposed project (from the upstream Tankou 6 development on livelihood and daily life of local Village of Zhitan Township to the downstream residents Huanggang Town)
The above key concerns and needs has been fully taken into account during the public consultation at different phases to
8.3. PROCESS OF PUBLIC CONSULTATION
The public consultation has been carried out respectively by the environmental and social team employed by the project developer. The details are presented in the tables below. In the public consultation for environmental purpose, the initial public consultation was for the identification of key environmental factors, and the public consultation of Phase 3 was implemented by targeting at the identified key VECs based on the findings of earlier public consultation and desk review.
Table 33: Environmental Public Consultation for Wuxikou Hydro-complex Project (by June 2012) No. Method Organizer People met Date Location Key Issues
Village chief of Longtan Longtan Village of 2011.12.15 village; Zhitan Township, Potential project impacts on local ~ relevant Fuliang county Culture historic buildings and ancient trees 2011.12.16 government & Broadcasting Bureau al officials Phase 1: Relevant site Fuliang County Project impacts on local forestry Project government 2012.3.13 interview Forestry Bureau resources Owner, al officials 1 and Artelia Further confirmation of project informati Relevant China Fuliang county Culture impacts on local cultural relics and on government 2012.3.13 & Broadcasting Bureau the procedure for the relocation collection al officials and rehabilitation of cultural relics
Current use of Wu’s and Yu’s Qingxi Village and Relevant ancestral temples to be affected by 2012.3.14 Maowu Village of villagers the project, and villagers’ concerns Zhitan Township on potential project impacts
Project Owner, Government Phase 2: Key concerns of potential project Artelia officials of public environmental impacts for EIA, China, Zhitan Zhitan Township 2 consultati 2012.3.14 including physical cultural Zhitan Township; government on resources, livelihood recovery of Township Affected meeting migrants, ecological impacts, etc Governme villagers nt
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 78 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
No. Method Organizer People met Date Location Key Issues Villagers Luxi village of luxi living Township, Tankou Impacts of cascade development upstream, Phase 3: Project Village & Xili village of for main stream of Changjiang midstream Site Owner, Zhitan Township, River, including water quality, 3 and 2012.6. interview Artelia Maowu village, fishery resources, livelihood and downstream s for CIA China Maojialing Village, daily life of residents living along along Yushan Town, the river Changjiang Huanggang Town River
Table 34: Social Public Consultation for Wuxikou Hydro-complex Project (by June 2012) Organiz No. Method People met Time Location Key Issues er Villagers’ Town/township/villag Project-affected Disclosure of basic project 1 congress and PMO 2009~2012 e officials, villagers Villages information group discussion
Villagers’ Define policies of land County/Town/towns congress and Project-affected acquisition and 2 PMO hip/village officials, 2011 public hearing Villages resettlement and develop villagers meeting RAP Villagers’ PMO, Disclosure of resettlement Village officials, Project-affected 3 congress and villages’ 2012 policies and detailed resettled villagers Villages group discussion officials implementation rules PMO, Willingness survey among Household village Village officials, Project-affected 4 2011 resettled villagers to interview committ resettled villagers Villages understand their needs ees PMO, Questionnaire village Village officials, Project-affected Socioeconomic survey in 5 survey and 2011 committ resettled villagers Villages the project area interview ees Villagers’ PMO, congress, group Village officials, Project-affected Define the locations of 6 design 2011~2014 discussion and resettled villagers Villages resettlement sites institute site visit
8.4. KEY FINDINGS OF PUBLIC CONSULTATION
8.4.1. PHASE 1: SITE VISIT AND INFORMATION COLLECTION
On the basis of previous public consultation for domestic EIA, a more targeted public consultation meeting will be adopted for the supplementary public participation. In order to improve the relevance and effectiveness of the public consultation meeting of Phase 2, Artelia Consultants paid several visits to project sites and relevant local authorities beforehand in order to confirm the scope of environmental impacts for the project. During the visits, direct communication with local residents was carried out on potential environmental impacts.
Based on the information collected during the site visits, ARTELIA formulated a detail agenda for the public consultation meeting, which includes the list of participants, date and detailed agenda of the meeting, focusing on project impacts on the relocation of ancestral temples, church and villagers’ graves which are directly related to the daily life of local residents in order to hear from them about their specific requirements; the meeting is also about to make
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 79 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
response to other environmental concerns of local public, including livelihood restoration, ecological impacts and the improvements of environmental infrastructure.
8.4.2. PHASE 2: PUBLIC CONSULTATION MEETING
On March 14th 2012, the public consultation meeting was held by the project construction company, Jingdezhen Wuxikou Hydro-Complex Development Company, as scheduled. The meeting was for the preparation of Supplementary Environment Assessment Report for Wuxikou Hydro-Complex Project in Jiangxi Province. The meeting venue was in the office building of Zhitan Township Government in Fuliang County. The meeting was chaired by Mr. Wan, the director of Jingdezhen Wuxikou Hydro-Complex Development Company. Total 16 people were presented in the meeting, including the representatives of the consultants for supplementary EIA preparation (ARTELIA), the officials of Zhitan Township Government, representatives of project-affected villages (Daheli, Shebu, Qingxi, Maowu, Meihu, Yingxi, Liukou etc.,) and people in charge of Zhitan church. In the meeting, extensive communication were made on the key concerns of Supplementary Environment Assessment Report’s, for example, project impacts on local physical culture resources, migrants livelihood restoration, ecological impacts and other so on. The main findings of the meeting are summarized below.
Figure 18: Public Consultation Meeting of the Supplementary Environment Assessment Report of Wuxikou Hydro-Complex Project in Jiangxi Province
Table 35: Summary of Supplementary Public Consultation Meeting Related to Potential Cumulative Impacts Date 2012.3.14
Venue Meeting room of Zhitan Township Government in Fuliang County
Information Disclosed Supplementary EIA report (1st Version, February 2012)
Representatives of Jingdezhen Wuxikou Hydro-Complex Development Company, representatives of the consultants for supplementary EIA preparation Participants (ARTELIA), the officials of Zhitan Township Government, representatives of project-affected villages (Daheli, Shebu, Qingxi, Maowu, Meihu, Yingxi, Liukou etc.) and people in charge of Zhitan church, 16 people in total
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 80 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
Question raised Related to Potential Cumulative Impacts Solution/Response
Nature Reserves and Wildlife: According to the layout of resettlement sites, At present, wild boar and tufted deer are still sometimes there is only one nature reserve for clouded found around the villages. The related protection rules for leopard close to the proposed resettlement natural reserves have been publicized to the villagers by the site. The relevant measures will be included township government through education campaigns and in the ESMP and implemented by each bulletins. household and village.
Residents’ livelihood: At present, the daily income of the villagers in the project area mainly rely on work away from hometown (60%), supplemented by forestry (20-30%) and agriculture, fisheries and other sideline (10-20%). There is almost no professional fisherman in Changjiang River Basin. Villagers normally own their own farmland and woodland. With the cascade In the RAP, the livelihood restoration development of Changjiang River Basin over years, the measures have been considered for the quantities and varieties of fish in Changjiang River have villagers with farmland loss. During project been significantly reduced. It is expected that implementation, the measures will be implementation of Wuxikou project will not have significant implemented for involved villagers. impact on local fishery resources. Rice is the main economic crop for local agriculture, but its price is not high. According to local conditions, generally local people only grow one season to meet the self needs. With the project implementation, the decrease of farmland will affect the livelihood of those villagers living on crop plantation, but the impacts will not be significant.
In the meeting, the participants expressed their strong support to the implementation of Wuxikou Hydro-complex project. After this long period of project preparation, they hope the project can be put into implementation as soon as possible for earlier implementation of resettlement compensation works and fulfillment of expected project benefits. Meanwhile, the participants has fully acknowledged the environmental benefits of the project and pay more attention to the social impacts caused by the project; and they hope with the support of the project, the resettlement work and the relocation of inundated ancestral temples, church, graves and other structures can be completed smoothly and that they can earlier get back to normal production and life.
8.4.3. PHASE 3: PUBLIC CONSULTATION FOR CIA
Based on the previous site visits and public consultation meeting, during June 7th~9th 2012, with the support of the project owner, the environment experts from the consultants visited the upper, middle and lower reaches of Changjiang River to interview the residents living along the river. The purposes of the interviews are to investigate the impacts of existing cascade development projects along the main stream of Changjiang River (including Zhangshukeng hydroelectric station, Nianyushan Ship Lock, Huanggang Ship Lock) on their livelihood and daily life and also to understand their concerns on the potential environmental and social impacts resulting from the construction of recently proposed Wuxikou Hydro-complex project so as to help with the identification of key VECs. The key findings of the interviews are summarized as follows:
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 81 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
Table 36: Results of Interviews with Residents Living along Changjiang River in June 2012 No. Interviewee Village Career/Age Issues
In recent years, the fishes in Changjiang River keep Tankou decreasing together with flow rate. This is mainly village, because some people living along the river used to Zhitan fishing by electricity; furthermore, the wide application of ZHANG 1 township, Farmer/77 pesticides and chemical fertilizers also significantly Genfu upstream affects the growth of fishes. My main concern is the Changjiang inundation of fertile farmland due to the implementation river of Wuxikou Hydro-complex and possible adverse impacts on local traffic during project construction.
The water quality of Changjiang River is getting worse in recent years and the fish catch keeps decreasing. Even some originally common fish species are difficult to be found such as catfish and red drum. This is mainly because the installation of some water conservancy Tankou facilities in Changjiang River has resulted in the village, decrease of migratory fishes from Poyang Lake. Also the SI Zhitan water pollution along the river is also a cause for the Youshun, Certificated 2 township, decrease of fishery resource. SHI Fisherman upstream With the completion of Wuxikou Hydro-complex project, Yanquan Changjiang there will be a large reservoir formed, which bring great river help to the development of local fishery resources; Such a large reservoir is also helpful for water purification and fish reproduction. At the same time, the construction of hydro-complex project will a great drive for local economic development and is helpful for the increase of local residents’ income.
The water quality of Changjiang River has significant Xili village, changes in the recently years. We no longer dare to Zhitan swim in the river as we used to. If we did sometimes, REN township, 3 Farmer/60 there will be allergic reaction for the skin even after Shenggen midstream bathing. Now we can only to capture some carps and Changjiang yellow catfishes from the river since they are more river adaptive to the environment. Since the 1980s, due to the extensive use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers, Fish resources in the Xili village, Changjiang River have significantly reduced. Now there Zhitan are only a small number of crucians and grass carps township, 4 Mr.FANG Farmer/66 caught, the latter of which are probably escaped from the midstream nearby fish farms. In our village, the area of per capita Changjiang farmland is 0.3 mu. We hope that with the completion of river Wuxikou project, our life can at least be restored to the current level.
With the completion of Changjiang River water Maojialing conservancy projects, especially the construction of the village, Zhangshukeng hydropower station, it is noticed that the Fuliang flood risk has been effectively managed. The economic 5 Ms.FU county, Farmer/55 loss resulting from floods also decreased these years. midstream Generally speaking, the construction of water Changjiang conservancy projects has more advantages for local river people than the disadvantages.
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 82 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
No. Interviewee Village Career/Age Issues
Yushan The water quality of Changjiang River is getting worse in town, recent years. Now fish catching seems very difficult. Too Changjiang much human activities on Changjiang River, in particular, ZHANG 6 district, Farmer/58 the sand excavation near Huanggang Ship Lock on the Jieshui downstream lower reach has caused the decrease of fish resources. Changjiang The use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers also river threatens the survival of local fishes.
From my point of view, the construction of hydropower station is not the main cause for the decrease of fishery Huanggang resources. I think it’s more related to the overall town, environment. The water quality is getting worse, and it is Poyang HU more difficult for fish to survive. Intensive human 7 county, Farmers/55 Shuigen activities on Changjiang River, such as sand excavation downstream around Huanggang Ship Lock, has significantly affected Changjiang the living space of fishes, and the use of pesticides and river chemical fertilizers also causes great impacts to the growth of fishes.
Interview at Xili village, Zhitan township, midstream Interview at Tankou village, Zhitan township, upstream Changjiang river Changjiang river
Interview at Maojialing village, Fuliang county, midstream Interview at Yushan town, Changjiang district, Changjiang River downstream Changjiang river Figure 19: Picture of Interviews for CIA Study
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 83 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
In general, the interviewed villagers all held positive attitude towards the construction of Wuxikou Hydro-complex Project. The villagers believe that the construction and operation of the reservoir will further reduce the flood risk, improve the reproduction of local fishes, promote the development of local economy and consequently increase the income of local people. The key concerns of some farmers are related to the farmland occupation for project construction and the traffic during construction period. The consultants have explained to the interviewees that the proper mitigation measures have been included in the project RAP and ESMP against these potential concerns.
The interview shows that the local residents have already witnessed the water quality deterioration of Changjiang River and the decrease of fishery resources in the River. The long cascade development of Changjiang river basin, overly intensive human activities and the wide application of pesticide and chemical fertilizer over years have jointly resulted in the pollution of Changjiang River. The interviewed people generally believe that the reduction of fish stocks has little relationship with the cascades development of Changjiang River except the adverse effects on migratory fish from Poyang Lake; however, the ongoing deterioration of water quality and any further impacts on local fishery resources still concerns the local residents. Accordingly, these two elements (water quality and fishery resource) and consequent impacts on livelihood of local residents has been considered as key VECs in the development of cumulative environmental impact assessment and Environmental & Social Management Plan for the project.
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 84 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
9. CONCLUSIONS
To supplement the domestic EIA for the proposed Wuxikou Hydro-complex Project as part of the cascade development on the main stream of Changjiang River, a Cumulative Impact Assessment has been carried out during the preparation of supplementary environmental impact assessment in June 2012 in order to:
• Evaluate if the proposed project to be assisted by the Bank (irrespective of the source of financing of its components) will have an effect on a Valuable Ecological Component (VEC);
• If this effect acts cumulatively with that of other projects (either from the past, current time, or the future);
• If the effect of the Bank project, in combination with the other effects, may cause a significant change now or in the future in the characteristics of the VEC, after the application of mitigation measures.
• Identify appropriate actions for the Bank project to address its contribution to significant impacts.
The study has taken into consideration all pertinent environmental issues that have been raised in the original domestic EIA for Wuxikou hydro-complex project. Due to the tight schedule, the study has been predominantly implemented based on the review of currently available documents with the supplementary information from meetings, site visits and public consultation.
At this stage, the focus and priority of the study has been given to the cascade development of main stream in Jiangxi Province from the entry point of Changjiang River into Jiangxi Province to Yaogongdu in Poyang County, Jiangxi Province covering the stretch of 219.28km. Based on the available development plans of Jingdezhen Municipality, two temporal scenarios have been considered in the assessment, i.e., the short-term horizon targeting at the year of 2020 after the operation of Wuxikou Hydro-complex, and the long-term horizon to be ten years later, i.e. 2030 to be consistent with the urban development master plan of Jingdezhen.
By establishing environmental baseline and reviewing relevant sector development plans in the region, the environmental elements of water quality, hydraulic regime, aquatic ecology, and downstream water use have been identified as the key Valuable Ecological Components (VECs) of this study based on the matrix analysis. The development activities identified for the two scenarios are summarized as follows:
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 85 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
Name of Scenario Short-term Scenario (2020) Long-term Scenario (2030) ‐ Operation of existing cascade developments (Zhangshukeng, Nianyushan and Huanggang); ‐ Completion of Wuxikou Reservoir together with ‐ Installation of rubber dam at related supporting project, Jingdezhen to maintain the functioning for flood control, water surface for the power generation and water landscaping of urban area; Development supply; ‐ Licensed sand excavation Activities ‐ Completion of planned city within specified river section dyke for the urban area of under the management of Jingdezhen; local water resource ‐ Development of Wuxikou bureau. Reservoir as fry breeding base for Jingdezhen; ‐ Licensed sand excavation within specified river section under the management of local water resource bureau.
Generally speaking, with a long history of cascade development on the main stream of Changjiang River since 1980’s, the environment and habitat of Changjiang River have already been significantly changed. The public consultation carried out during the study also shows that the local residents are already aware of the environmental deterioration of Changjiang River and the decrease of fishery resources in the River. However, it is generally believed that except the adverse effects on migratory fish from Poyang Lake, the cascade development of Changjiang River is not the main cause for the decrease of local fishery resources. The interviewed villagers all held positive attitude towards the construction of Wuxikou Hydro- complex Project considering the positive project impacts such as further reduction of flood risk, improvement of fish reproduction, promotion of economic development and consequent increase of residents’ income.
Based on the desk study and public consultation carried out for the CIA study, four key VECs have been identified for this CIA study. Based on the available information, the analysis targeting at these key VECs indicates that no irreversible negative environmental impact will be resulted on the key VECs due to the implementation of Wuxikou Hydro-complex and other identified projects/activities in the river basin. The anticipated impacts for the four key VECs are summarized as follows:
‐ Hydraulic regime: Wuxikou reservoir will play a key role in the changes of hydraulic regime for Changjiang River. However, the reservoir operation will not change the inter- annual runoff distribution but to some extent equalize the natural streamflow process in a year. The proposed seasonal regulation of Wuxikou Hydro-complex will change the runoff distribution in a year for the lower reaches. The discharge flow in rainy season will decrease in comparison with natural conditions; however, in dry season, the discharge flow will increase with the reservoir regulation. Therefore, except in the rainy season from April to June, the runoff downstream of the dam will be stabilized. However, with the existing cascade development on the river, the impacts on hydraulic regime are only considered significant within the reservoir area, but not for the downstream sections.
‐ Downstream water use: Water use by the project will not affect the utilization of water resources within the study area, the downstream water use will be satisfied both the in the short-term and long-term scenarios, and the conditions of industrial and domestic
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 86 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
water use in the middle and lower reaches of Changjiang River will be significantly improved with the operation of Wuxikou Reservoir.
‐ Water quality: Based on currently good water quality and predictable development trends, the proposed Wuxikou hydro-complex project with other identified projects/activities in the Changjiang River Basin will not bring significant impacts in terms of water quality. However, more specific water quality modeling based on more solid survey data needs to be carried out to verify current conclusion.
‐ Aquatic ecology: After reservoir impoundment, the new habitat conditions and higher nutrient contents in the reservoir area will be positive for the growth of aquatic life suitable for tranquil habitat, and the deeper water areas upstream of each cascade development will become good wintering grounds for fishes. Accordingly, the species and quantities of water fowls may significantly increase, in particular, around the reservoir. On the other hand, the major negative impacts on local fishery resources are the impacts on the some fish species required short-distance migration for reproduction such as spinibarbus sinensis, spinibarbus hollandi and xenocypris microlepis and potential impacts on the fishes downstream of Wuxikou dam due to the fluctuation of its downstream discharge.
To minimize the above-mentioned negative impacts, the following mitigation measures have been proposed and integrated in the project ESMP. During the implementation of these mitigation measures, cooperative actions will be required from different organizations/authorities including the project developer and operator, Jingdezhen EPB, Jingdezhen Water Resource Bureau, local fishery administration and local governments.
1. Control of water quality with pollution control measures: Closely supervise the implementation of local pollution control plans and the strict enforcement of relevant applicable environmental protection laws and regulations.
2. Protection of aquatic ecology by:
• Joint Operation of Cascade Development Facilities: Joint operation shall be implemented for all the relevant cascade development facilities on Changjiang River (in particular, Wuxikou and Zhangshukeng) to main necessary flow to meet the water supply demand and ecological demand downstream.
• Habitat Protection: The development activities with negative impacts on aquatic habitat such as sand excavation, wastewater discharge and solid waste dumping should be strictly banned in the river basin; with the operation of Wuxikou Reservoir, the approval of any new water conservancy project should be strictly controlled and no construction of new dam will be allowed.
• Artificial Fish Pass: Regularly organize local fishermen to catch fish from downstream of Wuxikou dam, and transport the caught fish to Wuxikou reservoir or the river section upstream.
• Fishery Administration: Strengthen the local fishery administration from the following aspects: 1) Implement the fishing ban issued by the local government (JingFuFa[2009]No.25); 2) Cage fish farming and other potentially polluting industries will be forbidden around the reservoir; 3) Carry out fishery development study for Wuxikou reservoir; 4) Implement career transfer and compensation for affected fishermen in the reservoir area in accordance with RAP and social impact assessment;
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 87 JINGDEZHEN WUXIKOU HYDRO-COMPLEX PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CO. JIANGXI PROVINCE JIANGXI WUXIKOU INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX: CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
• Artificial Multiplication of Fish: Establish a fish multiplication and release station in Luoxi Village on the right bank downstream of Wuxikou dam, which will be constructed together with Wuxikou Hydro-complex.
• Strengthen the local fishery administration through capacity building.
3. Long-term monitoring of key VECs in the river basin: The water quality of Changjiang River at different sections and aquatic life in the reservoir area and the river section downstream should be monitored in the long term, as part of the project monitoring plan.
In addition to the above mitigation measures, since the assessment at this stage was mainly carried out based on the review of collected secondary information, it is necessary to carry out further investigation and study for better evaluating and quantifying the significance of impacts particularly on water quality and local ecology specific to the proposed cascade development in Changjiang River Basin. Before the further CIA study, a detailed and technically supported Comprehensive Reservoir Management Plan (CRMP) will be necessary to provide necessary information on the overall management of proposed Wuxikou Reservoir. A detailed and technically supported Comprehensive Reservoir Management Plan (CRMP) is recommended to identify issues related to future monitoring and adaptive management. The study should be completed during dam construction period in 2~3 years. The study outcome should be reviewed and approved prior to reservoir inundation, and the draft Terms of Reference for the CRMP study is integrated in the report.
Combined with the key findings of CRMP study, the Phase 2 CIA study will be further carried out so that the impact analysis can be further quantified and more specific mitigation measures can be included in the project implementation. The proposed draft Terms of Reference for the Phase 2 CIA study has been developed and included in the report.
Considering the results of the above-mentioned studies and the long-term following-up environmental and social monitoring, it is recognized that the proposed ESMP may need future adjustments. An adaptive management approach will therefore be adopted for environmental and social management components. Safeguards will be managed in a flexible manner in order to fully reach the objective of meeting the requirements for management of: fish and fisheries in the reservoir and downstream; water releases and environmental flows; increased erosion downstream; water quality in the reservoir and downstream; health impacts; and resettlement and livelihood development. Adaptive management is expected to be important in at least four areas, respectively 1) response to updates in the legal framework; 2) actual circumstances on the ground; 3) budget; and 4) schedule. Adaptation will only take place if the outcome of this adaptation is conducive to better achievement of the project objectives and principles.
Finally, for better fulfillment of the roles for all the involved authorities, necessary capacity building program should be developed based on the key findings of Phase 2 CIA study. All the staffs of project operator and relevant officials in the involved authorities should be covered by the program to give them a better understanding of the CIA study and their critical responsibilities in the environmental management for the proposed cascade development.
ARTELIA–HXD – 3110009 – OCTOBER 2012 PAGE 88