2018-12-21 Eolus Annual Report 2017/2018
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Questions About Wind Power and Answers from Us
Questions about wind power and answers from us Click on a question to see the answer What does the Energy Agreement 2016 mean? ................................................................... 3 What proposals did the Energy Commission make? ............................................................. 3 What environmental objectives did the Parliamentary Environmental Assessment Committee propose? ............................................................................................................. 4 What does the Paris agreement mean? ................................................................................ 5 What does the proposal for the EU Renewable Energy Directive 2020 – 2030 involve? ..... 6 What is the EU’s renewable energy target? .......................................................................... 7 What is EU 20-20-20? ............................................................................................................ 7 Does Sweden have an action plan for renewable energy? ................................................... 8 What are the planning and development goals? .................................................................. 8 What do TWh, GWh, MWh and kWh stand for? ................................................................... 9 What is the electricity certificate system? ............................................................................ 9 What does the electricity certificate cost – and who pays? ................................................ 10 Why does Sweden have -
2021 \ E Urope
Q2 Q22021\ Europe PPA PRICE INDEX 341 Q2 2021 LEVELTEN ENERGY Table of Contents About the LevelTen Energy PPA Price Index 3 Q2 2021 Methodology 4 About LevelTen Energy 5 Contributors 6 Key Takeaways 7 Industry Insights 8 How the Solar Industry is Responding to Xinjiang and Rising 9 Module Costs LevelTen Developer Survey: Solar PPA Prices Likely to Increase Due to Rising Costs 11 Renewable Project Development is a Relay Race: 12 Here’s How We All Get Faster LevelTen Developer Survey: Asset Divestiture Takes Upwards of 6 Months 14 Q2 2021 PPA Price Index 15 Price Index Comparison by Technology 16 Solar PPA Offer Prices by Country: Q2 2021 17 Solar P25 Price Indices by Country: Q2 2020 to Q2 2021 18 Wind PPA Offer Prices by Country: Q2 2021 19 Wind P25 Price Indices by Country: Q2 2020 to Q2 2021 20 Markets with the Highest % of Offers from Developers 21 Project Sizes 22 PPA Prices by Target Commercial Operation Date 23 PPA Price Ranges by Technology 24 PPA Term Lengths 25 Additional Resources 26 2 Q2 2021 LEVELTEN ENERGY About the LevelTen Energy PPA Price Index An Unprecedented Look at the Renewable Energy Market How to Use the LevelTen Energy PPA Price Index Each quarter, the LevelTen Energy PPA Price Index reports the prices By tracking how the P25 Index changes over time, LevelTen can alert the that wind and solar project developers have offered for power purchase industry to changes in the market that may make it more or less attractive. agreements (PPAs) available on the LevelTen Energy Marketplace, the We also give the industry a tool to see how macro-level factors, like world’s largest collection of PPA pricing offers, spanning 21 countries in increased competition or regulatory changes, are impacting renewable North America and Europe. -
Methodology and Concepts for the Nordic
Stakeholder consultation document and Impact Assessment for the Capacity Calculation Methodology Proposal for the Nordic CCR 0 Table of content: 1 Introduction and executive summary ................................................................................................... 5 1.1 Proposal for the Capacity Calculation Methodology ..................................................................... 5 1.2 Content of this document and guideline for the reader ............................................................... 6 1.3 Capacity calculation process ......................................................................................................... 9 2 Legal requirements and their interpretation ...................................................................................... 10 3 Introduction to Flow Based and CNTC methodologies ....................................................................... 23 3.1 Limited capacity in the electric transmission grid ....................................................................... 23 3.2 Why introduce a new Methodology for Capacity Calculation .................................................... 25 3.3 Description of FB and CNTC ......................................................................................................... 28 4 ACER recommendation on Capacity Calculation ................................................................................. 37 4.1 The influence of the first ACER recommendation on the proposed CCM ................................. -
NOTICE: This Is the Author's Version of a Work That Was Accepted For
NOTICE: this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Utilities Policy. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Utilities Policy, Volume 50, February 2018, Pages 194-206 at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jup.2018.01.004 © <2018>. This manuscript version was made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Forward risk premia in long-term transmission rights: The case of electricity price area differentials (EPAD) in the Nordic electricity market Petr Spodniak a, b * Corresponding author Mikael Collan c a Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI), Whitaker Square, Sir John Rogerson's Quay , Dublin 2, Ireland, [email protected] b Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Department of Economics, Dublin 2, Ireland c LUT School of Business and Management, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Skinnarilankatu 34, 53851 Lappeenranta, Finland, [email protected] Abbreviations EPAD Electricity Price Area Differentials CfD Contract for Difference FTR Financial Transmission Rights LTR Long-Term Transmission Rights NC Network Code GARCH Generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity VECM Vector error correction model VAR Vector autoregression ABSTRACT Hedging behaviour among players in derivatives markets have long been explained by forward risk premia. We provide new empirical evidence from the Nordic electricity market and explore the forward risk premia dynamics on power derivative contracts called electricity price area differentials (EPAD). -
The Case of Wind Farm Development
EXAMENSARBETE INOM INDUSTRIELL EKONOMI, AVANCERAD NIVÅ, 30 HP STOCKHOLM, SVERIGE 2019 Project evaluation in the energy sector: The case of wind farm development JOHANNA RAHM JUHLIN SANDRA ÅKERSTRÖM KTH SKOLAN FÖR INDUSTRIELL TEKNIK OCH MANAGEMENT Project evaluation in the energy sector: The case of wind farm development by Johanna Rahm Juhlin Sandra Åkerström Master of Science Thesis TRITA-ITM-EX 2019:232 KTH Industrial Engineering and Management Industrial Management SE-100 44 STOCKHOLM Projektutvärdering inom energisektorn: Utveckling av vindkraftsprojekt av Johanna Rahm Juhlin Sandra Åkerström Examensarbete TRITA-ITM-EX 2019:232 KTH Industriell teknik och management Industriell ekonomi och organisation SE-100 44 STOCKHOLM Master of Science Thesis TRITA-ITM-EX 2019:232 Project evaluation in the energy sector: The case of wind farm development Johanna Rahm Juhlin Sandra Åkerström Approved Examiner Supervisor 2019-05-26 Luca Urciuoli Jannis Angelis Commissioner Contact person Abstract Wind is a fast growing energy resource and the demand for clean energy is increasing with growing interests from media, governmental institutions and the public (EWEA, 2004). The increased interest towards the wind energy market has led to a more competitive environment where it is crucial for a project developer to select projects most likely to succeed, in terms of profitability, among alternatives on the market. To enable such selection, an evaluation process is often applied. Furthermore, traditional evaluation processes are often performed at completion of a project where an early indication of a project’s potential profitability is often missing (Samset & Christensen, 2015). At the early phase of a wind energy project the multiple factors influencing the project’s outcome are often conflicting and contain high level of uncertainty and the evaluation process becomes complex (Kumar et al., 2017). -
Wind Power Payback Assessment Scenarios
ISRN LUTMDN/TMHP—07/5160—SE ISSN 0282-1990 Wind Power Payback Assessment Scenarios Kristin Backström & Elin Ersson Thesis for the Degree of Master of Science Division of Efficient Energy Engineering Department of Energy Sciences Faculty of Engineering Lund University P.O. Box 118 SE-221 00 Lund Sweden ISRN LUTMDN/TMHP—07/5160—SE ISSN 0282-1990 Wind Power Payback Assessment Scenarios Thesis for the Degree of Master of Science Division of Efficient Energy Systems Department of Energy Sciences Faculty of Engineering, LTH by Kristin Backström and Elin Ersson Environmental Engineering Supervisor Examiner Professor Lennart Thörnqvist Professor Svend Frederiksen © Kristin Backström and Elin Ersson 2008 ISRN LUTMDN/TMHP—07/5160—SE ISSN 0282-1990 Printed in Sweden Lund 2008 ABSTRACT This thesis investigates the energy flow for a Vestas V90, 3 MW wind turbine, and provides a proper consideration of all the important input energy values in all their complexity. An analysis of the Energy Payback Ratio (EPR) has been conducted, with special attention being paid to what happens when a wind turbine is placed in different environments (i.e. the open field vs. the forest), and what happens to these scenarios when recycling is applied to the energy balance. The results of the research demonstrate that the EPR values are highly dependent on the prerequisites chosen. It was found that the wind turbine placed in the open field had more favourable EPR values than the wind turbine in the forest, a result that is dependent upon the road being shorter and this scenario being placed closer to the existing electrical infrastructure. -
How Have Ecotaxes Worked in Germany?
FEASTA_Review_MAIN 10/18/04 11:56 AM Page 130 The Irish Government has abandoned its plan to reduce the country’s greenhouse gas emissions with an ecotax on the carbon content of fossil fuels which was to have been introduced in 2005. In Germany, similar taxes created over 60,000 new jobs but reduced CO2 emissions by less than 1% in the first two years. This indicates that Irish carbon tax rates would have needed to be very steep for the country to avoid paying hefty fines to the EU because it failed to keep within its Kyoto target. How have ecotaxes worked in Germany? Hans Diefenbacher Volker Teichert Stefan Wilhelmy Dr. Hans Diefenbacher (economics), Dr. Volker Teichert (economics), and Stefan Wilhelmy, M.A. (political science) are senior researchers at the Protestant Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (FEST) in Heidelberg, Germany. Hans Diefenbacher, a member of Feasta, also teaches economics at the University of Kassel. n 2000, Germany released 858 million tonnes amount of the excess is rising. If we take the of carbon dioxide into the global atmosphere, present world population as being around 6.1 Iequivalent to 9.6 tonnes per head of the billion, the climate-neutral release of CO2 would population1 This made the Germans slightly less therefore be less than 2.3 tonnes per head per serious polluters than the citizens of most other year. Per capita emissions in Germany and in the industrial countries as the OECD average is 10.9 rest of the industrialised world are thus more tonnes a head. The British figure was the same than four times the estimated climate-neutral as the German one while the Irish one was rather amount. -
100% Renewable Electricity: a Roadmap to 2050 for Europe
100% renewable electricity A roadmap to 2050 for Europe and North Africa Available online at: www.pwc.com/sustainability Acknowledgements This report was written by a team comprising individuals from PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (PwC), the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) and the European Climate Forum (ECF). During the development of the report, the authors were provided with information and comments from a wide range of individuals working in the renewable energy industry and other experts. These individuals are too numerous to mention, however the project team would like to thank all of them for their support and input throughout the writing of this report. Contents 1. Foreword 1 2. Executive summary 5 3. 2010 to 2050: Today’s situation, tomorrow’s vision 13 3.1. Electricity demand 15 3.2. Power grids 15 3.3. Electricity supply 18 3.4. Policy 26 3.5. Market 30 3.6. Costs 32 4. Getting there: The 2050 roadmap 39 4.1. The Europe - North Africa power market model 39 4.2. Roadmap planning horizons 41 4.3. Introducing the roadmap 43 4.4. Roadmap enabling area 1: Policy 46 4.5. Roadmap enabling area 2: Market structure 51 4.6. Roadmap enabling area 3: Investment and finance 54 4.7. Roadmap enabling area 4: Infrastructure 58 5. Opportunities and consequences 65 5.1. Security of supply 65 5.2. Costs 67 5.3. Environmental concerns 69 5.4. Sustainable development 70 5.5. Addressing the global climate problem 71 6. Conclusions and next steps 75 PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP Appendices Appendix 1: Acronyms and Glossary 79 Appendix 2: The 2050 roadmap in detail 83 Appendix 3: Cost calculations and assumptions 114 Appendix 4: Case studies 117 Appendix 5: Taking the roadmap forward – additional study areas 131 Appendix 6: References 133 Appendix 7: Contact information 138 PricewaterhouseCoopers LLPP Chapter one: Foreword 1. -
GWEC – Global Wind Report | Annual Market Update 2014
GLOBAL WIND REPORT ANNUAL MARKET UPDATE 2014 Navigating the global wind power market The Global Wind Energy Council is the international trade association for the wind power industry – communicating the benefits of wind power to national governments, policy makers and international institutions. GWEC provides authoritative research and analysis on the wind power industry in more than 80 countries around the world. Keep up to date with the most recent market insights: Global Wind Statistics 2014 February 2015 Global Wind Report 2014 March 2015 Global Wind Energy Outlook 2014 October 2014 Offshore Wind Policy and Market Assessment – A Global Outlook February 2015 Our mission is to ensure that wind power establishes itself as the answer to today‘s energy challenges, providing substantial venvironmental and economic benefits. GWEC represents the industry with or at the UNFCCC, the IEA, international financial institutions, the IPCC and IRENA. GWEC – opening up the frontiers follow us on TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword. 4 Making the Commitment to Renewable Energy. 5 Global Status of Wind Power in 2014 . 6 Market Forecast for 2015 – 2019. 16 Green bonds offer exciting opportunities for the wind sector . .22 Emerging Africa . .26 Australia . .30 Brazil . 32 Canada. .34 Chile . .36 PR China . .38 Denmark . .42 The European Union . .44 France . .46 Germany. .48 Global offshore . 52 India . .58 Italy . .60 Japan . .62 Mexico . .64 Poland . .66 South Africa . .68 Sweden . 70 Turkey . 72 United Kingdom. 74 United States . 76 About GWEC . 78 GWEC – Global Wind 2014 Report 3 FOREWORD 014 was a great year for the wind industry, setting a The two big stories in 2014 and going forward continue 2new record of more than 51 GW installed in a single to be the precipitous drop in the price of oil, and growing year, bringing the global total close to 370 GW. -
Global Wind Report Annual Market Update 2012 T Able of Contents
GLOBAL WIND REPORT ANNUAL MARKET UPDATE 2012 T able of contents Local Content Requirements: Cost competitiveness vs. ‘green growth’? . 4 The Global Status of Wind Power in 2012 . 8 Market Forecast for 2013-2017 . 18 Australia . .24 Brazil . .26 Canada. .28 PR China . .30 Denmark . .34 European Union . .36 Germany. .38 Global offshore . .40 India . .44 Japan . .46 Mexico . .48 Pakistan . 50 Romania . 52 South Africa . 54 South Korea . 56 Sweden . .58 Turkey . 60 Ukraine . .62 United Kingdom. .64 United States . 66 About GWEC . 70 GWEC – Global Wind 2012 Report FOREWORD 2012 was full of surprises for the global wind industry. Most As the market broadens, however, we face new challenges, surprising, of course, was the astonishing 8.4 GW installed in or rather old challenges, but in new markets. Our special the United States during the fourth quarter, as well as the fact focus chapter looks at the impact of increasing local content that the US eked out China to regain the top spot among global requirements and trade restrictions in some of the most markets for the first time since 2009. This, in combination with promising new markets, and the consequences of that a very strong year in Europe, meant that the annual market trend for an industry which is still grappling with significant grew by about 10% to just under 45 GW, and the cumulative overcapacity and the downward pressure on turbine prices market growth of almost 19% means we ended 2012 with that result. 282.5 GW of wind power globally. For the first time in three years, the majority of installations were inside the OECD. -
News Release from Vestas Wind Systems A/S Home Furnishing Giant IKEA Invests in 90 MW of Vestas Wind Power
News release from Vestas Wind Systems A/S Aarhus, 27 June 2012 Page 1 of 2 Home furnishing giant IKEA invests in 90 MW of Vestas wind power Project of 30 V90-3.0 MW turbines is IKEA’s biggest investment in wind to date. The deal testifies that carbon conscious companies such as IKEA increasingly achieve their financial objectives while at the same time reducing their carbon footprint and securing a sustainable energy supply. Vestas has received an order for 30 units of the V90-3.0 MW wind turbine for the Glötesvålen project in the municipality of Härjedalen, Sweden. The order is placed by Swedish developer and long standing Vestas customer, O2. Delivery and installation of the turbines is scheduled to be completed in January 2015. Whereas O2 will be responsible for the development, construction and operation of the wind farm, it will be owned by Swedish home furnishing giant IKEA. The Glötesvålen project is IKEA’s largest, single investment in wind to date, bringing the company’s fleet of Vestas turbines to more than 115 MWs across Sweden, France, UK, and Denmark. It is IKEA’s goal to get all of its energy from renewable sources and the 30 Vestas turbines is a major step on that journey: When in operation in 2015, IKEA expects renewable energy to amount to 70-80 per cent of the Group’s global energy usage. In Sweden alone, the investment will make IKEA self-sufficient with electricity. Carbon conscious companies-segment is long-term focus area for Vestas The Glötesvålen project is yet another example of how carbon conscious companies are stepping up their active involvement in wind energy. -
Esittelijä / Föredragande / Referendary Ratkaisija
Tämä on Energiaviraston sähköisesti allekirjoittama Asiakirjan 07.06.2021 asiakirja. päivämäärä on: Detta är ett dokument som har signerats elektroniskt av Dokumentet är 07.06.2021 Energimyndigheten. daterat: This is a document that has been electronically signed by The document is 07.06.2021 the Energy Authority. dated: Esittelijä / Föredragande / Referendary Nimi / Namn / Name: Jori Säntti Pvm / Datum / Date: 07.06.2021 Ratkaisija / Beslutsfattare / Decision-maker Nimi / Namn / Name: Simo Nurmi Pvm / Datum / Date: 07.06.2021 Tämä asiakirja koostuu seuraavista osista: - Kansilehti (tämä sivu) - Alkuperäinen asiakirja tai alkuperäiset asiakirjat Allekirjoitettu asiakirja alkaa seuraavalta sivulta. > Detta dokument består av följande delar: - Titelblad (denna sida) - Originaldokument Det signerade dokumentet börjar på nästa sida. > This document contains: - Front page (this page) - The original document(s) The signed document follows on the next page > Päätös 1 (13) 2338/400/2020 Fingrid Oyj PL 503 00101 Helsinki Päätös siirto-oikeuksien käyttöönotosta ja suojausmahdolli- suuksien varmistamisesta Suomen ja Viron tarjousalueiden rajalla Asianosainen Fingrid Oyj Vireilletulo 18.11.2020 Ratkaisu Energiavirasto katsoo, että Viron tarjousalueella ei ole riittäviä suojausmahdolli- suuksia ja pyytää Fingridiä myöntämään Suomen ja Viron tarjousalueiden rajalle pitkän aikavälin siirto-oikeustuotteita. Päätös on voimassa toistaiseksi. Päätöstä on noudatettava muutoksenhausta huolimatta. Selostus asiasta Komission asetus (EU) 2016/1719 pitkän aikavälin