DOCSLIB.ORG

Luận Văn Thạc Sĩ Lâm Học

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Luận Văn Thạc Sĩ Lâm Học BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO BỘ NÔNG NGHIỆP VÀ PTNT TRƢỜNG ĐẠI HỌC LÂM NGHIỆP ------------------------ NGUYỄN BẢO QUỐC NGHIÊN CỨU MỘT SỐ ĐẶC ĐIỂM SINH THÁI RỪNG Ở KHU BẢO TỒN THIÊN NHIÊN TÂY CÔN LĨNH – HÀ GIANG CHUYÊN NGÀNH: LÂM HỌC MÃ SỐ: 8.620.201 LUẬN VĂN THẠC SĨ LÂM HỌC NGƢỜI HƢỚNG DẪN KHOA HỌC: HƢỚNG DẪN 1: TS. PHẠM THẾ ANH HƢỚNG DẪN 2: TS. NGUYỄN QUỐC DỰNG Hà Nội - 2019 i CỘNG HÒA XÃ HỘI CHỦ NGHĨA VIỆT NAM Độc lập – Tự do – Hạnh phúc LỜI CAM ĐOAN Tôi cam đoan đây là công trình nghiên cứu của riêng tôi. Các số liệu, kết quả nêu trong luận văn là trung thực và chƣa từng đƣợc ai công bố trong bất kỳ công trình nào khác. Nếu nội dung nghiên cứu của tôi trùng lặp vời bất kỳ công trình nghiên cứu nào đã công bố, tôi xin hoàn toàn chịu trách nhiệm và tuân thủ kết luận đánh giá luận văn của hội đồng khoa học. Hà Nội, ngày …… tháng 05 năm 2019 Người cam đoan Nguyễn Bảo Quốc ii LỜI CẢM ƠN Luận văn đƣợc hoàn thành theo chƣơng trình đào tạo Thạc sĩ chuyên ngành Lâm học, hệ chính quy, tại Trƣờng Đại học Lâm nghiệp Việt Nam. Để hoàn thành luận văn này, tác giả đã nhận đƣợc sự hƣớng dẫn, giúp đỡ, hỗ trợ của các Thầy, cô, các cấp lãnh đạo, các bậc đàn anh và các bạn bè đồng nghiệp. Nhân dịp này, tác giả xin bày tỏ lòng biết ơn chân thành đến Ban giám hiệu Trƣờng Đại học Lâm nghiệp Việt Nam; Phòng Đào tạo sau đại học; Khoa Lâm học; Quý Thầy, Cô giáo đã tận tình giảng dạy và giúp đỡ tác giả hoàn thành khóa học Cao học này. Đặc biệt, tác giả xin tỏ lòng biết ơn chân thành đến TS. Nguyễn Quốc Dựng và TS. Phạm Thế Anh là giáo viên hƣớng dẫn đã tận tình hƣớng dẫn và giúp đỡ tôi hoàn thành luận văn này. Trong quá trình học tập, tác giả cũng đã nhận đƣợc sự giúp đỡ, chia sẻ và động viên nhiệt tình của các đồng nghiệp. Nhân dịp này, tác giả cũng xin bày tỏ lòng biết ơn chân thành đến tất cả sự giúp đỡ quý báu đó. Tác giả sẽ mang những kiến thức đã học trong nhà trƣờng để cùng với các đồng nghiệp đóng góp cho sự nghiệp của ngành Lâm nghiệp trong hiện tại và tƣơng lai sau này. Hà Nội, tháng … năm 2019 Nguyễn Bảo Quốc Học viên Cao học Khóa 24B iii Mục lục LỜI CẢM ƠN ......................................................................................................................................... ii MỞ ĐẦU ..................................................................................................................................................1 PHẦN I. TỔNG QUAN CÁC VẤN ĐỀ NGHIÊN CỨU ........................................................................4 1.1. Lƣợc sử những nghiên cứu về đa dạng sinh học hệ thực vật ............................................................ 4 1.1.1. Trên thế giới ................................................................................................................................... 4 1.1.2. Ở Việt Nam ..................................................................................................................................... 5 1.2. Lƣợc sử nghiên cứu đa dạng quần xã sinh vật .................................................................................. 6 1.2.1. Trên thế giới ................................................................................................................................... 6 1.2.2. Ở Việt Nam ..................................................................................................................................... 7 1.3. Lƣợc sử vấn đề nghiên cứu cấu trúc rừng ......................................................................................... 8 1.3.1. Trên thế giới ...........................................................................................................................8 1.3.2. Ở Việt Nam ...........................................................................................................................12 1.4. Tình hình nghiên cứu về tái sinh rừng ............................................................................................ 14 1.4.1. Trên thế giới .........................................................................................................................14 1.4.2. Ở Việt Nam ...........................................................................................................................16 1.5. Tổng quan về ô định vị sinh thái rừng ............................................................................................ 19 1.5.1. Trên thế giới .........................................................................................................................19 1.5.2. Ở Việt Nam ...........................................................................................................................20 1.6. Thảo luận ......................................................................................................................................... 21 PHẦN II. MỤC TIÊU, NỘI DUNG VÀ PHƢƠNG PHÁP NGHIÊN CỨU .........................................23 2.1. Đối tƣợng, phạm vi nghiên cứu ....................................................................................................... 23 2.1.1. Đối tượng nghiên cứu ...........................................................................................................23 2.1.2. Phạm vi nghiên cứu ..............................................................................................................23 2.2. Mục tiêu nghiên cứu ........................................................................................................................ 23 2.2.1. Mục tiêu chung .....................................................................................................................23 2.2.2. Mục tiêu cụ thể .....................................................................................................................23 2.3. Nội dung và phƣơng pháp nghiên cứu ............................................................................................ 24 2.3.1. Nội dung nghiên cứu ............................................................................................................24 2.3.2. Phương pháp nghiên cứu .....................................................................................................24 PHẦN III. ĐẶC ĐIỂM TỰ NHIÊN – KINH TẾ XÃ HỘI KHU VỰC NGHIÊN CỨU .......................37 3.1. Đặc điểm tự nhiên ........................................................................................................................... 37 iv 3.1.1. Vị trí địa lý............................................................................................................................37 3.1.2. Địa hình, địa mạo .................................................................................................................37 3.1.3. Địa chất, đất đai ...................................................................................................................37 3.1.4. Khí hậu, thủy văn .................................................................................................................38 3.2. Đặc điểm kinh tế xã hội .................................................................................................................. 38 3.2.1. Dân tộc, dân số và lao động .................................................................................................38 3.2.2. Tình hình sản xuất nông, lâm nghiệp ...................................................................................39 PHẦN IV. KẾT QUẢ NGHIÊN CỨU ..................................................................................................42 4.1. Một số đặc điểm ô định vị ............................................................................................................... 42 4.2.1. Đặc điểm về hiện trạng rừng........................................................................................................ 42 4.2.2. Đa dạng thành phần loài .............................................................................................................. 44 4.2.3. Các chỉ số đa dạng sinh học .................................................................................................47 4.2.4. Chỉ số quan trọng IVI ...........................................................................................................49 4.2.5. So sánh sự tương đồng của các loài cây gỗ tại các Ô định vị ..............................................50 4.3. Đặc điểm cấu trúc tầng cây gỗ trong khu vực nghiên cứu .............................................................. 50 4.3.1. Cấu trúc tổ thành..................................................................................................................50 4.3.2. Các chỉ tiêu bình quân trong lâm phần ................................................................................52 4.3.3. Quy luật phân bố số cây theo cỡ kính (N/D) ........................................................................53 4.3.4. Quy luật phân bố số cây theo cỡ chiều cao (N/H) ...............................................................60 4.3.5. Phân tích mối tương quan H/D trong lâm phần ...................................................................66 4.3.6. Phân bố trữ lượng theo cỡ kính (M/D) ........................................................................................ 69 3.7. Độ tàn che của lâm phần ................................................................................................................. 70 4.4. Một số đặc điểm tái sinh trong khu vực nghiên cứu ....................................................................... 71 4.4.1. Đa dạng thành phần loài của tái sinh ..................................................................................72
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Chapter 6 ENUMERATION
    Chapter 6 ENUMERATION . ENUMERATION The spermatophytic plants with their accepted names as per The Plant List [http://www.theplantlist.org/ ], through proper taxonomic treatments of recorded species and infra-specific taxa, collected from Gorumara National Park has been arranged in compliance with the presently accepted APG-III (Chase & Reveal, 2009) system of classification. Further, for better convenience the presentation of each species in the enumeration the genera and species under the families are arranged in alphabetical order. In case of Gymnosperms, four families with their genera and species also arranged in alphabetical order. The following sequence of enumeration is taken into consideration while enumerating each identified plants. (a) Accepted name, (b) Basionym if any, (c) Synonyms if any, (d) Homonym if any, (e) Vernacular name if any, (f) Description, (g) Flowering and fruiting periods, (h) Specimen cited, (i) Local distribution, and (j) General distribution. Each individual taxon is being treated here with the protologue at first along with the author citation and then referring the available important references for overall and/or adjacent floras and taxonomic treatments. Mentioned below is the list of important books, selected scientific journals, papers, newsletters and periodicals those have been referred during the citation of references. Chronicles of literature of reference: Names of the important books referred: Beng. Pl. : Bengal Plants En. Fl .Pl. Nepal : An Enumeration of the Flowering Plants of Nepal Fasc.Fl.India : Fascicles of Flora of India Fl.Brit.India : The Flora of British India Fl.Bhutan : Flora of Bhutan Fl.E.Him. : Flora of Eastern Himalaya Fl.India : Flora of India Fl Indi.
    [Show full text]
  • Malaysia's Policies and Plans Contain Emphasis and Provisions for Holistic
    Malaysia’s policies and plans contain emphasis and provisions for holistic and integrated planning and management of natural resource and biodiversity assets as a precursor for environmentally sustainable development. For planners, decision-makers and practitioners to meet these aspirations, resources must be viewed in a broader context. Not only must it go beyond sectors to include all stakeholders in the decision process, but it must also use the best science available to define suitable management actions. The overall purpose of this Guideline is to support this important endeavour. MANAGING BIODIVERSITY IN THE RIPARIAN ZONE i Table of Contents Tables, Figures and Text Boxes .....................................................................ii Abbreviations..................................................................................................iii 1 Introduction .................................................................................................1 1.1 Who is this Guide for?.......................................................................1 1.2 Purpose of this Guide.........................................................................1 1.3 Using this Guide ................................................................................1 2 The Riparian Zone ......................................................................................2 2.1 What is a riparian zone?.....................................................................3 2.2 Why is the riparian zone important?..................................................3
    [Show full text]
  • Rediscoveries, New Records, and the Floristic Value of the Nee Soon Freshwater Swamp Forest, Singapore
    Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore 70 (Suppl. 1): 49–69. 2018 49 doi: 10.26492/gbs70(suppl.1).2018-04 Rediscoveries, new records, and the floristic value of the Nee Soon freshwater swamp forest, Singapore K.Y. Chong1, R.C.J. Lim1,2, J.W. Loh1, L. Neo1, W.W. Seah1,3, S.Y. Tan1 & H.T.W. Tan1 1Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, 117543 Singapore [email protected] 2Horticulture and Community Gardening Division, National Parks Board, 100K Pasir Panjang Road, 118526 Singapore 3Herbarium, Singapore Botanic Gardens, National Parks Board, 1 Cluny Road, 259569 Singapore ABSTRACT. The unique plant communities of the freshwater swamp forests of southern Johor (Malaysia) and Singapore attracted the attention of E.J.H. Corner, but there have been no comprehensive follow-up studies to his seminal work. Meanwhile, freshwater swamp forests in the region have been mostly lost to logging and in-filling for plantations or urban development. The Nee Soon catchment contains the last substantial tract of this forest type in Singapore. We collated the rediscoveries of vascular plant species presumed Nationally Extinct in the 2nd and latest edition of the Singapore Red Data Book, and new records for the Singapore vascular plant flora from the Nee Soon catchment, including those that we found and collected through the establishment and survey of 40 vegetation plots, each 20 × 20 m. We have identified 672 species from 117 families, of which 288 are trees from 60 families represented by at least one stem ≥ 5 cm DBH. The catchment is especially species rich and abundant in the Myristicaceae.
    [Show full text]
  • Rbcl and Legume Phylogeny, with Particular Reference to Phaseoleae, Millettieae, and Allies Tadashi Kajita; Hiroyoshi Ohashi; Yoichi Tateishi; C
    rbcL and Legume Phylogeny, with Particular Reference to Phaseoleae, Millettieae, and Allies Tadashi Kajita; Hiroyoshi Ohashi; Yoichi Tateishi; C. Donovan Bailey; Jeff J. Doyle Systematic Botany, Vol. 26, No. 3. (Jul. - Sep., 2001), pp. 515-536. Stable URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0363-6445%28200107%2F09%2926%3A3%3C515%3ARALPWP%3E2.0.CO%3B2-C Systematic Botany is currently published by American Society of Plant Taxonomists. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/about/terms.html. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/journals/aspt.html. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. The JSTOR Archive is a trusted digital repository providing for long-term preservation and access to leading academic journals and scholarly literature from around the world. The Archive is supported by libraries, scholarly societies, publishers, and foundations. It is an initiative of JSTOR, a not-for-profit organization with a mission to help the scholarly community take advantage of advances in technology. For more information regarding JSTOR, please contact [email protected].
    [Show full text]
  • Systematic Conservation Planning in Thailand
    SYSTEMATIC CONSERVATION PLANNING IN THAILAND DARAPORN CHAIRAT Thesis submitted in total fulfilment for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy BOURNEMOUTH UNIVERSITY 2015 This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that, anyone who consults it, is understood to recognize that its copyright rests with its author. Due acknowledgement must always be made of the use of any material contained in, or derived from, this thesis. i ii Systematic Conservation Planning in Thailand Daraporn Chairat Abstract Thailand supports a variety of tropical ecosystems and biodiversity. The country has approximately 12,050 species of plants, which account for 8% of estimated plant species found globally. However, the forest cover of Thailand is under threats: habitat degradation, illegal logging, shifting cultivation and human settlement are the main causes of the reduction in forest area. As a result, rates of biodiversity loss have been high for some decades. The most effective tool to conserve biodiversity is the designation of protected areas (PA). The effective and most scientifically robust approach for designing networks of reserve systems is systematic conservation planning, which is designed to identify conservation priorities on the basis of analysing spatial patterns in species distributions and associated threats. The designation of PAs of Thailand were initially based on expert consultations selecting the areas that are suitable for conserving forest resources, not systematically selected. Consequently, the PA management was based on individual management plans for each PA. The previous work has also identified that no previous attempt has been made to apply the principles and methods of systematic conservation planning. Additionally, tree species have been neglected in previous analyses of the coverage of PAs in Thailand.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity of the Tree Flora in Semenggoh Arboretum, Sarawak, Borneo
    Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore 64(1): 139–169. 2012 139 Diversity of the tree flora in Semenggoh Arboretum, Sarawak, Borneo C.Y. Ling1 and S. Julia2 Botanical Research Centre, Sarawak Forestry Corporation, Km 20, Jalan Puncak Borneo, 93250 Kuching, Sarawak [email protected] (corresponding author) [email protected] ABSTRACT. A 4-ha sample plot was established at the Arboretum, Semenggoh Forest Reserve to document tree species in this lowland mixed dipterocarp forest. The area assessed contains 2837 trees with diameter at breast height ≥ 10 cm belonging to 60 families, 160 genera and 541 species. Euphorbiaceae and Malvaceae (10 genera each) were the most diverse families at genus level and Dipterocarpaceae (61 species) is most diverse at species level. More than 25% of trees (720 individuals) were dipterocarps and contributed the highest basal area (cross-sectional area over-bark at breast height measured in m2) of 16.7 m2/ha. The most abundant species are Shorea multiflora (21 trees/ha) and Pouteria malaccensis (31 trees/ha) for dipterocarp and non-dipterocarp species, respectively. Semenggoh Arboretum has a rich and diverse flora and, being a natural primary forest in the middle of an increasingly developed area, Semenggoh is important as a genetic reservoir for threatened species (particularly the dipterocarps) and as an in-situ conservation site for Sarawak’s lowland mixed dipterocarp forest. Keywords. Borneo, Dipterocarpaceae, Sarawak, Semenggoh Arboretum, tree diversity Introduction Floristic composition studies or floristic analyses are a useful tool to understand the spatial pattern of plant composition and diversity. When combined with ecological, environmental, geological and historical variables, important information on mechanisms maintaining high levels of tree species diversity in tropical forest can be obtained (Slik et al.
    [Show full text]
  • A Segregated Assessment of Total Carbon Stocks by the Mode of Origin and Ecological Functions of Forests: Implication on Restoration Potential
    120 International Forestry Review Vol.19(S4), 2017 A segregated assessment of total carbon stocks by the mode of origin and ecological functions of forests: implication on restoration potential P.R. NEUPANEa,b, A. GAULIa,b, T. MARASENIc, D. KÜBLERa, P. MUNDHENKa, M.V. DANGd and M. KÖHLa aInstitute for World Forestry, University of Hamburg, Germany bFriends of Nature, Nepal cInstitute for Agriculture and the Environment, University of Southern Queensland, Australia dThai Nguyen University, Thai Nguyen, Vietnam Email: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] SUMMARY In depth understanding of variation of biomass and carbon pools in different forest ecosystems is crucial for monitoring, reporting and verifica- tion of forest carbon stocks in the context of forest landscape restoration (FLR). The study compares carbon stocks from five carbon pools by the mode of origin (natural vs planted forests) and ecological functions (Special use, Protection and Production forests) of the forests. An intensive forest carbon inventory was conducted in six communes of Dinh Hoa district, Vietnam. Soil organic carbon (SOC) was found to be the largest carbon pool. Mean SOC densities were not significantly different between natural forests and planted forests, but were significantly different among different forest types classified based on ecological functions. When considering the total of all carbon pools, mean carbon densities were neither significantly different between natural and planted forests, nor among Special use, Protection and Production forests. Our study provides evidence that different FLR interventions may provide equivalent potentials for increasing forest carbon stocks.
    [Show full text]
  • Forest Habitats and Flora in Laos PDR, Cambodia and Vietnam
    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259623025 Forest Habitats and Flora in Laos PDR, Cambodia and Vietnam Conference Paper · January 1999 CITATIONS READS 12 517 1 author: Philip W. Rundel University of California, Los Angeles 283 PUBLICATIONS 8,872 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Available from: Philip W. Rundel Retrieved on: 03 October 2016 Rundel 1999 …Forest Habitats and Flora in Lao PDR, Cambodia, and Vietnam 1 Conservation Priorities In Indochina - WWF Desk Study FOREST HABITATS AND FLORA IN LAO PDR, CAMBODIA, AND VIETNAM Philip W. Rundel, PhD Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Los Angeles, California USA 90095 December 1999 Prepared for World Wide Fund for Nature, Indochina Programme Office, Hanoi Rundel 1999 …Forest Habitats and Flora in Lao PDR, Cambodia, and Vietnam 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 1. Geomorphology of Southeast Asia 1.1 Geologic History 1.2 Geomorphic Provinces 1.3 Mekong River System 2. Vegetation Patterns in Southeast Asia 2.1 Regional Forest Formations 2.2 Lowland Forest Habitats 2.3 Montane Forest Habitats 2.4 Freshwater Swamp Forests 2.5 Mangrove Forests Lao People's Democratic Republic 1. Physical Geography 2. Climatic Patterns 3. Vegetation Mapping 4. Forest Habitats 5.1 Lowland Forest habitats 5.2 Montane Forest Habitats 5.3 Subtropical Broadleaf Evergreen Forest 5.4 Azonal Habitats Cambodia 1. Physical Geography 2. Hydrology 3. Climatic Patterns 4. Flora 5. Vegetation Mapping 6. Forest Habitats 5.1 Lowland Forest habitats 5.2 Montane Forest Habitats 5.3 Azonal Habitats Vietnam 1. Physical Geography 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India
    RESEARCH Vol. 21, Issue 68, 2020 RESEARCH ARTICLE ISSN 2319–5746 EISSN 2319–5754 Species Floristic Diversity and Analysis of South Andaman Islands (South Andaman District), Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India Mudavath Chennakesavulu Naik1, Lal Ji Singh1, Ganeshaiah KN2 1Botanical Survey of India, Andaman & Nicobar Regional Centre, Port Blair-744102, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India 2Dept of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, School of Ecology and Conservation, G.K.V.K, UASB, Bangalore-560065, India Corresponding author: Botanical Survey of India, Andaman & Nicobar Regional Centre, Port Blair-744102, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India Email: [email protected] Article History Received: 01 October 2020 Accepted: 17 November 2020 Published: November 2020 Citation Mudavath Chennakesavulu Naik, Lal Ji Singh, Ganeshaiah KN. Floristic Diversity and Analysis of South Andaman Islands (South Andaman District), Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India. Species, 2020, 21(68), 343-409 Publication License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. General Note Article is recommended to print as color digital version in recycled paper. ABSTRACT After 7 years of intensive explorations during 2013-2020 in South Andaman Islands, we recorded a total of 1376 wild and naturalized vascular plant taxa representing 1364 species belonging to 701 genera and 153 families, of which 95% of the taxa are based on primary collections. Of the 319 endemic species of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, 111 species are located in South Andaman Islands and 35 of them strict endemics to this region. 343 Page Key words: Vascular Plant Diversity, Floristic Analysis, Endemcity. © 2020 Discovery Publication. All Rights Reserved. www.discoveryjournals.org OPEN ACCESS RESEARCH ARTICLE 1.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ecology of Trees in the Tropical Rain Forest
    This page intentionally left blank The Ecology of Trees in the Tropical Rain Forest Current knowledge of the ecology of tropical rain-forest trees is limited, with detailed information available for perhaps only a few hundred of the many thousands of species that occur. Yet a good understanding of the trees is essential to unravelling the workings of the forest itself. This book aims to summarise contemporary understanding of the ecology of tropical rain-forest trees. The emphasis is on comparative ecology, an approach that can help to identify possible adaptive trends and evolutionary constraints and which may also lead to a workable ecological classification for tree species, conceptually simplifying the rain-forest community and making it more amenable to analysis. The organisation of the book follows the life cycle of a tree, starting with the mature tree, moving on to reproduction and then considering seed germi- nation and growth to maturity. Topics covered therefore include structure and physiology, population biology, reproductive biology and regeneration. The book concludes with a critical analysis of ecological classification systems for tree species in the tropical rain forest. IAN TURNERhas considerable first-hand experience of the tropical rain forests of South-East Asia, having lived and worked in the region for more than a decade. After graduating from Oxford University, he took up a lecturing post at the National University of Singapore and is currently Assistant Director of the Singapore Botanic Gardens. He has also spent time at Harvard University as Bullard Fellow, and at Kyoto University as Guest Professor in the Center for Ecological Research.
    [Show full text]
  • Tree Types of the World Map
    Abarema abbottii-Abarema acreana-Abarema adenophora-Abarema alexandri-Abarema asplenifolia-Abarema auriculata-Abarema barbouriana-Abarema barnebyana-Abarema brachystachya-Abarema callejasii-Abarema campestris-Abarema centiflora-Abarema cochleata-Abarema cochliocarpos-Abarema commutata-Abarema curvicarpa-Abarema ferruginea-Abarema filamentosa-Abarema floribunda-Abarema gallorum-Abarema ganymedea-Abarema glauca-Abarema idiopoda-Abarema josephi-Abarema jupunba-Abarema killipii-Abarema laeta-Abarema langsdorffii-Abarema lehmannii-Abarema leucophylla-Abarema levelii-Abarema limae-Abarema longipedunculata-Abarema macradenia-Abarema maestrensis-Abarema mataybifolia-Abarema microcalyx-Abarema nipensis-Abarema obovalis-Abarema obovata-Abarema oppositifolia-Abarema oxyphyllidia-Abarema piresii-Abarema racemiflora-Abarema turbinata-Abarema villifera-Abarema villosa-Abarema zolleriana-Abatia mexicana-Abatia parviflora-Abatia rugosa-Abatia spicata-Abelia corymbosa-Abeliophyllum distichum-Abies alba-Abies amabilis-Abies balsamea-Abies beshanzuensis-Abies bracteata-Abies cephalonica-Abies chensiensis-Abies cilicica-Abies concolor-Abies delavayi-Abies densa-Abies durangensis-Abies fabri-Abies fanjingshanensis-Abies fargesii-Abies firma-Abies forrestii-Abies fraseri-Abies grandis-Abies guatemalensis-Abies hickelii-Abies hidalgensis-Abies holophylla-Abies homolepis-Abies jaliscana-Abies kawakamii-Abies koreana-Abies lasiocarpa-Abies magnifica-Abies mariesii-Abies nebrodensis-Abies nephrolepis-Abies nordmanniana-Abies numidica-Abies pindrow-Abies pinsapo-Abies
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Distribution and Evolution of Mycorrhizas in Land Plants
    Mycorrhiza (2006) 16: 299–363 DOI 10.1007/s00572-005-0033-6 REVIEW B. Wang . Y.-L. Qiu Phylogenetic distribution and evolution of mycorrhizas in land plants Received: 22 June 2005 / Accepted: 15 December 2005 / Published online: 6 May 2006 # Springer-Verlag 2006 Abstract A survey of 659 papers mostly published since plants (Pirozynski and Malloch 1975; Malloch et al. 1980; 1987 was conducted to compile a checklist of mycorrhizal Harley and Harley 1987; Trappe 1987; Selosse and Le Tacon occurrence among 3,617 species (263 families) of land 1998;Readetal.2000; Brundrett 2002). Since Nägeli first plants. A plant phylogeny was then used to map the my- described them in 1842 (see Koide and Mosse 2004), only a corrhizal information to examine evolutionary patterns. Sev- few major surveys have been conducted on their phyloge- eral findings from this survey enhance our understanding of netic distribution in various groups of land plants either by the roles of mycorrhizas in the origin and subsequent diver- retrieving information from literature or through direct ob- sification of land plants. First, 80 and 92% of surveyed land servation (Trappe 1987; Harley and Harley 1987;Newman plant species and families are mycorrhizal. Second, arbus- and Reddell 1987). Trappe (1987) gathered information on cular mycorrhiza (AM) is the predominant and ancestral type the presence and absence of mycorrhizas in 6,507 species of of mycorrhiza in land plants. Its occurrence in a vast majority angiosperms investigated in previous studies and mapped the of land plants and early-diverging lineages of liverworts phylogenetic distribution of mycorrhizas using the classifi- suggests that the origin of AM probably coincided with the cation system by Cronquist (1981).
    [Show full text]